电力机车牵引变压器综合测试及故障诊断系统的设计与研究
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摘要
电力机车牵引变压器作为机车上重要设备之一,是电力牵引系统中电压等级变换和电源分配的重要设备,也是电力机车/电动车组中重量和体积最大、价格最贵的单台电器设备,可以说电力机车牵引变压器就是整个列车心脏,是列车动力的来源,其运行状况直接影响电气化铁路系统能否安全、高效的运营。
本文首先阐明了电力机车牵引变压器试验和故障诊断的现状和本课题提出的意义。在详细介绍了电力机车牵引变压器的内部结构和电力机车牵引变压器特点的基础上,论文设计了电力机车牵引变压器综合测试及故障诊断系统。
文中详细介绍了电力机车牵引变压器综合测试及故障诊断系统的软硬件设计与实现。整个系统由电源系统、上层工控机控制系统、可编程序控制器控制系统以及故障诊断系统组成。系统采用分层设计,由上层工控机负责管理整个测试系统的运行方式,通过PLC控制感应调压器、变压器、以及继电器的不同组合逻辑实现十二种不同的输出电源方式。同时系统建立了基于变压器油中溶解气体分析法的机车牵引变压器故障诊断系统,利用高分子膜油气分离装置,通过MO系列气体传感器阵列,实现牵引变压器油中特征气体信号的采集分析。最终利用BP人工神经网络技术实现对牵引变压器的故障诊断功能。
系统首次实现了电力机车牵引变压器的全自动测试与故障诊断,并获得了湖南省2007年科技进步三等奖。现场运行表明,利用该系统可以大大提高工作效率,且各项试验数据精确、可靠性高。
Electrical locomotive traction transformer is one of important locomotive equipment in electric traction systems, which is the key equipment for voltage transformation and power distribution. It also is the largest in the weight and size and the most expensive single equipment in electric locomotive or EMU (Electric Multiple Units). So electric locomotive traction transformer, whose condition directly impact on the operation of electrical railway system, is the heart and is the power source of the whole train. The production of rail transport will be interrupted, while a breakdown is occurred in traction transformer.
At first, the study situation of the testing and fault diagnosis for the electric locomotive traction transformer and the significance of this issue were introduced in this paper. On the basis of the description of the electric locomotive traction transformer characteristics, the design of the testing and fault diagnosis system for the electric locomotive traction transformer was showed in this paper.
The hardware and software design and implementation of the comprehensive testing and fault diagnosis system for electric locomotive traction transformer was introduced in detail in this text. The system is built up by the functional power, the upper industrial computer system, the PLC control system and the fault diagnosis system. A layered design idea is adopted in the system, the upper IPC is responsible for the management of the whole testing system, and the PLC control sensors regulator, transformers and relays to combinate different logic, achieving different 12 kinds output power. Meanwhile, the fault diagnosis system for electric locomotive traction transformer was built, which was based on DGA (dissolved gases analysis) of power transformer. The macromolecule velum oil-gas segregator and the gas-sensitive sensor were designed, which is used to examine state signal of diagnostic gas and data analysis. The BP ANN'S (artificial neural network) technology was also been used to achieve the traction transformer fault diagnosis function in this paper.
The automatic testing and fault diagnosis for the traction transformer is first realized in this system, which was rewarded with the third of the Scientific and Technological Progress Prize in Hunan province in 2007. Practice has proved that the system can greatly improve efficiency, and an accurate and high reliable testing data can be obtained.
本文首先阐明了电力机车牵引变压器试验和故障诊断的现状和本课题提出的意义。在详细介绍了电力机车牵引变压器的内部结构和电力机车牵引变压器特点的基础上,论文设计了电力机车牵引变压器综合测试及故障诊断系统。
文中详细介绍了电力机车牵引变压器综合测试及故障诊断系统的软硬件设计与实现。整个系统由电源系统、上层工控机控制系统、可编程序控制器控制系统以及故障诊断系统组成。系统采用分层设计,由上层工控机负责管理整个测试系统的运行方式,通过PLC控制感应调压器、变压器、以及继电器的不同组合逻辑实现十二种不同的输出电源方式。同时系统建立了基于变压器油中溶解气体分析法的机车牵引变压器故障诊断系统,利用高分子膜油气分离装置,通过MO系列气体传感器阵列,实现牵引变压器油中特征气体信号的采集分析。最终利用BP人工神经网络技术实现对牵引变压器的故障诊断功能。
系统首次实现了电力机车牵引变压器的全自动测试与故障诊断,并获得了湖南省2007年科技进步三等奖。现场运行表明,利用该系统可以大大提高工作效率,且各项试验数据精确、可靠性高。
Electrical locomotive traction transformer is one of important locomotive equipment in electric traction systems, which is the key equipment for voltage transformation and power distribution. It also is the largest in the weight and size and the most expensive single equipment in electric locomotive or EMU (Electric Multiple Units). So electric locomotive traction transformer, whose condition directly impact on the operation of electrical railway system, is the heart and is the power source of the whole train. The production of rail transport will be interrupted, while a breakdown is occurred in traction transformer.
At first, the study situation of the testing and fault diagnosis for the electric locomotive traction transformer and the significance of this issue were introduced in this paper. On the basis of the description of the electric locomotive traction transformer characteristics, the design of the testing and fault diagnosis system for the electric locomotive traction transformer was showed in this paper.
The hardware and software design and implementation of the comprehensive testing and fault diagnosis system for electric locomotive traction transformer was introduced in detail in this text. The system is built up by the functional power, the upper industrial computer system, the PLC control system and the fault diagnosis system. A layered design idea is adopted in the system, the upper IPC is responsible for the management of the whole testing system, and the PLC control sensors regulator, transformers and relays to combinate different logic, achieving different 12 kinds output power. Meanwhile, the fault diagnosis system for electric locomotive traction transformer was built, which was based on DGA (dissolved gases analysis) of power transformer. The macromolecule velum oil-gas segregator and the gas-sensitive sensor were designed, which is used to examine state signal of diagnostic gas and data analysis. The BP ANN'S (artificial neural network) technology was also been used to achieve the traction transformer fault diagnosis function in this paper.
The automatic testing and fault diagnosis for the traction transformer is first realized in this system, which was rewarded with the third of the Scientific and Technological Progress Prize in Hunan province in 2007. Practice has proved that the system can greatly improve efficiency, and an accurate and high reliable testing data can be obtained.
引文
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[2]铁路机车车辆科技手册编委会,铁路机车车辆科技手册:第3卷制造技术[S].北京:中国铁道出版社,2002:16-18.
[3]中华人民共和国铁道部,铁路机车技术管理规则[S].北京:中国铁道出版社,2000:22-25.
[4]铁路机车车辆科技手册编委会,铁路机车车辆科技手册:第4卷技术政策、法规、标准[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2001:35-36.
[5]铁路机车车辆科技手册编委会,铁路机车车辆科技手册:第1卷 铁道机车[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2000:50-53.
[6]马开国,电力机车概论[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1990:36-40.
[7]王昌长,李福棋,高胜友.电力设备在线监测与故障诊断[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2006:24-26.
[8]王晓莺等.变压器故障与监测[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004:36-38.
[9]中国投资咨询网.2007年中国铁路行业分析及投资咨询报告[M].深圳:中国投资咨询网,2007:1-3.
[10]操敦奎.变压器油中气体分析诊断与故障检查[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2005:1-26.
[11]刘有梅主编.韶山6B型电力机车[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2003:196-205.
[12]谢步明主编.韶山7型电力机车[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1998:148-153.
[13]刘有梅主编.韶山4B型电力机车[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1999:188-198.
[14]刘有梅主编.韶山8型电力机车[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1998:144-155.
[15]GB 1094.3-2003,电力变压器[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2003.
[16]GB/T 16927.1～2—1997,高电压试验技术第1、第2部分[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1997.
[17]JB/T 501-91,电力变压器试验导则[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1991.
[18]TB/T 1680-1997,牵引变压器和电抗器[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1997.
[19]邓宏贵,曹建,罗安.一种新的遗传算法及其在变压器故障诊断中的应用[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2005,36(3):481-485.
[20]Zhung Y,Ding X,Liu Y.An artificial neural network approach to transformer fault diagnosis[J].IEEE Trans Power Deliv,1997,12(4):1836-1841.
[21]Huang Y CM,Yang H T M,Huang C L.Developing a new transformer fault diagnosis system through evolutionary fuzzy logic[J].IEEE Trans Power Deliv,1997,12(2):761-767.
[22]Yang H T,Liao C C.Adaptiive fuzzy diagnosis system for dissolved gas analysis of power transformers[J].IEEE Trans Power Deliv,1999,14(4):1342-1350.
[23]王建元,纪延超.模糊Petri网络知识表示方法及其在变压器故障诊断中的应用[J].中国电机工程学报,2003,23(1):121-125.
[24]孙才新,罗兵,杜林,李剑,顾乐观.变压器局部放电在线监测中抗电磁干扰的定向祸合差动平衡法的研究[J].中国电机工程学报,1998,18(5):340-344
[25]陈艳,周力行.变压器局部放电在线监测中软件抗干扰技术[J].华北电力技术,2000,(4):25-28
[26]王晓蓉,杨敏中,严璋.电力设备局部放电测量中抗干扰研究的现状和展望[J].电网技术,2000,24(6):41-45.
[27]黄成军,郁惟铺,胡睿.基于数字信号处理的电机局放在线监测系统.高电压技术,2000,26(4):22-24.
[28]曹敦奎.变压器油中气体分析与诊断[M].武汉:湖北新生报出版社,1987:25-26.
[29]郝有明.电力用油(气)实用技术回答[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,1999:34-46.
[30]何志.电力用油[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,1984:30-40.
[31]GB 7597-1987,电力用油(变压器油、汽轮机油)的取样方法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1987.
[32]Michel Duval.New Techniques for Dissolved Gas-in-Oil Analysis[J].IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine,2003,19(2):6-15.
[33]孙才新.电气设备油中气体在线监测与故障诊断技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2003:20-35.
[34]吴江,刘健,辉袁权.α-纤维素膜气体分离性能[J].化工学报,2003,54(3):333-336.
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