环境遥感信息系统的关键技术研究与实现
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摘要
环境污染和生态环境破坏对我国国民经济和社会可持续发展构成了严重的威胁。面对日益严峻的环境形势,我国的环境监测手段还基本停留在常规阶段,不能满足对环境变化进行大范围、全天候、全天时、连续的动态监测,卫星遥感技术在环境保护领域中应用的必要性和迫切性也越来越突出。
本文是在环境保护部卫星环境应用中心建设的《环境与灾害监测预报小卫星星座环境应用系统》第七标段“地表水环境遥感应用系统”项目的设计与实现过程中,针对基于环境一号卫星数据的水环境遥感监测系统建设进行的相关研究,并对其中涉及到的关键技术进行了深入探讨,主要包括以下几个方面。
(1)在分析国际上典型的遥感图像数据结构的基础上,针对环境一号卫星数据设计了水质遥感监测系统中遥感图像的数据存储结构。
(2)针对环境一号卫星的多光谱数据和超光谱数据的预处理部分进行了深入研究,提出并实现了环境一号卫星多光谱数据的自动化预处理方法、实现了无插件的环境一号卫星超光谱数据读取方法,最后给出了基于经纬度的环境一号卫星多光谱、超光谱数据拼接算法等关键技术研究。
(3)在分析当前遥感影像专题制图现状的基础上,提出了一种基于产品模板定制的遥感影像自动化专题制图解决方案,实现了一种面向普通大众的、操作简单的专题制图模式,它主要解决了传统模式中专题制图时需要很深专业背景且制作过程复杂繁琐的现象,实现遥感影像专题制图的自动化,达到了可以直接作为产业部门日常业务运行系统中一个环节的要求。
(4)给出了水环境遥感监测应用系统的总体结构设计,同时将本文所有研究内容应用到该系统的建设中,经过项目的实施情况证明本文的研究方法能够很好地满足水环境遥感监测的业务要求。
The sustainable development of China's society and National economy has been severely threatened by environmental pollution and ecological destruction. Although faced with such increasingly severe condition, China's conventional monitoring system of environment is so lagging behind that it is hard to continuously and actively monitor environmental change all day long, in a full-scale, and in all kinds of weather. So, it is pressingly necessary to apply the satellite remote sensing technology to the field of environmental protection.
This paper is inspired out by a project named "Remote Sensing Applicational System of Water Environment in the Earth's Surface" and belonging to the seventh section of "Monitoring, Forecasting Disaster and Environmental Change-Satellite and Constellation's Environment Applicational System", a motion proposed by the Satellite Environment Center of Ministry of Environmental Protection. Based on the data provided by the Environment I Satellite, this paper centers on the construction of remote sensing monitoring system of water environment, and key technology involved will be discussed in profound detail. This paper mainly contains:
(1) Based on the analysis of international typical data structure of remote sensing image as well as the data provided by Environment I Satellite, this paper tries to propose a data storage structure of remote sensing image in remote sensing monitoring system of water environment.
(2) Discussing profoundly on pre-processing multi-spectrum and ultra-spectrum data of Environment I Satellite; proposing and realizing the method of pre-processing automation of multi-spectrum data of Environment I Satellite; realizing non-plugin method of reading super-spectrum data of Environment I Satellite; and, at last, presenting analysis of key technology like Algorithm of joining up multi-spectrum and super-spectrum data based on longitude and latitude.
(3) Based on analyzing the present situation of thematic mapping of remote sensing image, this paper proposes a customized solution program for thematic mapping automation of remote sensing image on the basis of product templates, a program which is public-oriented and user-friendly. And it mainly solves the traditional problem of complexity and high-demanding, making the thematic mapping automation of remote sensing image to be possible, and making itself a direct part of everyday business operation system of industry.
(4) Proposing an overall structure of remote sensing monitoring applicational system of water environment, to which we can apply technology and analytic data that we have discussed in this paper. And it can be proved by the operation of a project that the method proposed in this paper meets the requirement of remote sensing monitoring of water environment quite well.
本文是在环境保护部卫星环境应用中心建设的《环境与灾害监测预报小卫星星座环境应用系统》第七标段“地表水环境遥感应用系统”项目的设计与实现过程中,针对基于环境一号卫星数据的水环境遥感监测系统建设进行的相关研究,并对其中涉及到的关键技术进行了深入探讨,主要包括以下几个方面。
(1)在分析国际上典型的遥感图像数据结构的基础上,针对环境一号卫星数据设计了水质遥感监测系统中遥感图像的数据存储结构。
(2)针对环境一号卫星的多光谱数据和超光谱数据的预处理部分进行了深入研究,提出并实现了环境一号卫星多光谱数据的自动化预处理方法、实现了无插件的环境一号卫星超光谱数据读取方法,最后给出了基于经纬度的环境一号卫星多光谱、超光谱数据拼接算法等关键技术研究。
(3)在分析当前遥感影像专题制图现状的基础上,提出了一种基于产品模板定制的遥感影像自动化专题制图解决方案,实现了一种面向普通大众的、操作简单的专题制图模式,它主要解决了传统模式中专题制图时需要很深专业背景且制作过程复杂繁琐的现象,实现遥感影像专题制图的自动化,达到了可以直接作为产业部门日常业务运行系统中一个环节的要求。
(4)给出了水环境遥感监测应用系统的总体结构设计,同时将本文所有研究内容应用到该系统的建设中,经过项目的实施情况证明本文的研究方法能够很好地满足水环境遥感监测的业务要求。
The sustainable development of China's society and National economy has been severely threatened by environmental pollution and ecological destruction. Although faced with such increasingly severe condition, China's conventional monitoring system of environment is so lagging behind that it is hard to continuously and actively monitor environmental change all day long, in a full-scale, and in all kinds of weather. So, it is pressingly necessary to apply the satellite remote sensing technology to the field of environmental protection.
This paper is inspired out by a project named "Remote Sensing Applicational System of Water Environment in the Earth's Surface" and belonging to the seventh section of "Monitoring, Forecasting Disaster and Environmental Change-Satellite and Constellation's Environment Applicational System", a motion proposed by the Satellite Environment Center of Ministry of Environmental Protection. Based on the data provided by the Environment I Satellite, this paper centers on the construction of remote sensing monitoring system of water environment, and key technology involved will be discussed in profound detail. This paper mainly contains:
(1) Based on the analysis of international typical data structure of remote sensing image as well as the data provided by Environment I Satellite, this paper tries to propose a data storage structure of remote sensing image in remote sensing monitoring system of water environment.
(2) Discussing profoundly on pre-processing multi-spectrum and ultra-spectrum data of Environment I Satellite; proposing and realizing the method of pre-processing automation of multi-spectrum data of Environment I Satellite; realizing non-plugin method of reading super-spectrum data of Environment I Satellite; and, at last, presenting analysis of key technology like Algorithm of joining up multi-spectrum and super-spectrum data based on longitude and latitude.
(3) Based on analyzing the present situation of thematic mapping of remote sensing image, this paper proposes a customized solution program for thematic mapping automation of remote sensing image on the basis of product templates, a program which is public-oriented and user-friendly. And it mainly solves the traditional problem of complexity and high-demanding, making the thematic mapping automation of remote sensing image to be possible, and making itself a direct part of everyday business operation system of industry.
(4) Proposing an overall structure of remote sensing monitoring applicational system of water environment, to which we can apply technology and analytic data that we have discussed in this paper. And it can be proved by the operation of a project that the method proposed in this paper meets the requirement of remote sensing monitoring of water environment quite well.
引文
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