日粮铜、铁、锌、锰水平对肉鸡生产性能、肉品质量及免疫机能的影响
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摘要
现代肉鸡饲粮中铜、铁、锌、锰的添加水平普遍偏高,降低生产性能和生产效率,并致使金属元素随排泄物进入环境,造成严重环境污染,影响农业生产并威胁人类健康。本研究旨在探讨在肉鸡习用日粮中不同铜、铁、锌、锰水平对生产性能和免疫机能的影响,为肉仔鸡日粮精确配制和家禽微量元素营养学研究提供基础资料。
试验选用640羽体重均匀的8日龄爱拔益加(AA+)肉鸡,采用正交优化设计,通过饲养试验和屠宰试验研究同一基础日粮(基础日粮铜、铁、锌、锰实测含量,8-21日龄分别为12.2、185.7、15.8和29.4 mg/kg,22-42日龄分别为14.3、159.2、28.4和46.5 mg/kg)中添加不同水平的铜(0、10、20、30 mg/kg),铁(0、50、100、200 mg/kg),锌(0、30、60、120 mg/kg)和锰(0、40、80、160 mg/kg)对8-21 d、22-42 d肉鸡生产性能、肉品质量及免疫指标的影响。结果显示,日粮铜、铁、锌、锰的不同组合显著影响8-21 d、22-42 d肉鸡日增重、采食量、料重比及42 d肉品质量(P<0.05),但不影响42 d肉鸡免疫机能(P>0.05)。铜、铁添加水平是影响8-21 d肉鸡日增重和料重比的决定因素,而铜、铁、锌、锰交互作用是影响8-21 d肉鸡日增重的主要因素,铜添加水平是影响22-42 d肉鸡日增重的决定因素。铜、锰添加水平及铜、铁、锌、锰交互作用是影响肉鸡胸、腿肉品质的决定因素(P<0.05)。日粮锌添加水平显著影响肉鸡淋巴细胞转化率(P<0.05)。
结果表明,在本试验的16个微量元素添加组合中,铜、铁、锌、锰的最佳添加水平为:8-21 d,30、100、30、160 mg/kg;22- 42 d,0、50、30、40 mg/kg;主效应分析表明,如果仅从日增重考虑,22- 42 d肉鸡基础日粮中不需要额外添加铜,而8-21 d基础日粮中可考虑添加10 mg/kg铜、100 mg/kg铁,两阶段锌、锰的添加量可根据相应基础日粮中铜、铁的实际含量来确定。
The dietary concentration of copper, iron, zinc, and manganese may be higher than those of broiler requirement. Over micro-minerals decreased animal growth, threatened human health, and resulted in environment pollution when they entered in water and soil. This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of dietary copper, iron, zinc, and manganese on growth and immunity of broilers, which will be helpful for formulation of broiler diets and for research on micro-mineral nutrition.
Six hundred and forty Arbor Acres broilers of 8 day age were randomly and equally assigned to 64 cages, with 10 chicks per cage. Sixteen treatments were included with factorial design. The mineral concentrations were as follows (mg/kg): (1) copper, 0, 10, 20, and 30; (2) iron, 0, 50, 100, and 200; (3) zinc, 0, 30, 60, 120; (4) manganese, 0, 40, 80, and 160. Results showed that the four minerals had influenced effects on Body weight gain , feed to gain ratio and meat quality of 8 to 21-d-old and 22 to 42-d-old broilers, no significant effects on immunity of 42-d-old. Body weight gain and feed to gain ratio in treatment 15 (copper 30, iron 100, zinc 30, and manganese 160 mg/kg) were higher than those of treatment 4 (copper 0, iron 200, zinc 120, and manganese 160 mg/kg) in 8- to 21-d-old broilers (P<0.05). Concentrations of copper and iron affected feed to Body weight gain , gain ratio. Concentrations of copper influenced Body weight gain of 22 to 42-d-old broilers (P<0.05). Concentrations of copper and manganese affected meat quality of 42-d-old broilers. the stimulation index was significantly influenced by Concentrations of zinc(P<0.05).
The results showed that 16 of the test portfolio to add trace elements, The best of copper, iron, zinc, manganese level to add: 30, 100, 30, 160 mg/kg in 8 to 21-d-old and 0, 50, 30, 40 mg/kg in 22 to 42-d-old broilers. Main effects showed that in good Body weight gain it is not necessary to add copper in 22 to 42-d-old broilers, however, copper of 10 mg/kg and iron of 100 mg/kg to add in 8 to 21-d-old broilers.
试验选用640羽体重均匀的8日龄爱拔益加(AA+)肉鸡,采用正交优化设计,通过饲养试验和屠宰试验研究同一基础日粮(基础日粮铜、铁、锌、锰实测含量,8-21日龄分别为12.2、185.7、15.8和29.4 mg/kg,22-42日龄分别为14.3、159.2、28.4和46.5 mg/kg)中添加不同水平的铜(0、10、20、30 mg/kg),铁(0、50、100、200 mg/kg),锌(0、30、60、120 mg/kg)和锰(0、40、80、160 mg/kg)对8-21 d、22-42 d肉鸡生产性能、肉品质量及免疫指标的影响。结果显示,日粮铜、铁、锌、锰的不同组合显著影响8-21 d、22-42 d肉鸡日增重、采食量、料重比及42 d肉品质量(P<0.05),但不影响42 d肉鸡免疫机能(P>0.05)。铜、铁添加水平是影响8-21 d肉鸡日增重和料重比的决定因素,而铜、铁、锌、锰交互作用是影响8-21 d肉鸡日增重的主要因素,铜添加水平是影响22-42 d肉鸡日增重的决定因素。铜、锰添加水平及铜、铁、锌、锰交互作用是影响肉鸡胸、腿肉品质的决定因素(P<0.05)。日粮锌添加水平显著影响肉鸡淋巴细胞转化率(P<0.05)。
结果表明,在本试验的16个微量元素添加组合中,铜、铁、锌、锰的最佳添加水平为:8-21 d,30、100、30、160 mg/kg;22- 42 d,0、50、30、40 mg/kg;主效应分析表明,如果仅从日增重考虑,22- 42 d肉鸡基础日粮中不需要额外添加铜,而8-21 d基础日粮中可考虑添加10 mg/kg铜、100 mg/kg铁,两阶段锌、锰的添加量可根据相应基础日粮中铜、铁的实际含量来确定。
The dietary concentration of copper, iron, zinc, and manganese may be higher than those of broiler requirement. Over micro-minerals decreased animal growth, threatened human health, and resulted in environment pollution when they entered in water and soil. This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of dietary copper, iron, zinc, and manganese on growth and immunity of broilers, which will be helpful for formulation of broiler diets and for research on micro-mineral nutrition.
Six hundred and forty Arbor Acres broilers of 8 day age were randomly and equally assigned to 64 cages, with 10 chicks per cage. Sixteen treatments were included with factorial design. The mineral concentrations were as follows (mg/kg): (1) copper, 0, 10, 20, and 30; (2) iron, 0, 50, 100, and 200; (3) zinc, 0, 30, 60, 120; (4) manganese, 0, 40, 80, and 160. Results showed that the four minerals had influenced effects on Body weight gain , feed to gain ratio and meat quality of 8 to 21-d-old and 22 to 42-d-old broilers, no significant effects on immunity of 42-d-old. Body weight gain and feed to gain ratio in treatment 15 (copper 30, iron 100, zinc 30, and manganese 160 mg/kg) were higher than those of treatment 4 (copper 0, iron 200, zinc 120, and manganese 160 mg/kg) in 8- to 21-d-old broilers (P<0.05). Concentrations of copper and iron affected feed to Body weight gain , gain ratio. Concentrations of copper influenced Body weight gain of 22 to 42-d-old broilers (P<0.05). Concentrations of copper and manganese affected meat quality of 42-d-old broilers. the stimulation index was significantly influenced by Concentrations of zinc(P<0.05).
The results showed that 16 of the test portfolio to add trace elements, The best of copper, iron, zinc, manganese level to add: 30, 100, 30, 160 mg/kg in 8 to 21-d-old and 0, 50, 30, 40 mg/kg in 22 to 42-d-old broilers. Main effects showed that in good Body weight gain it is not necessary to add copper in 22 to 42-d-old broilers, however, copper of 10 mg/kg and iron of 100 mg/kg to add in 8 to 21-d-old broilers.
引文
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