广州市民防工程建设与地下空间开发利用综合效益研究
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摘要
21世纪对人类合理开发利用城市地下空间提出更高要求。地下空间除了为人类提供生产、生活可开发空间外,还能为人类提供战争防御空间,也即用作民防工程。人民防空是国防的重要组成部分,是国民经济和社会发展的重要方面,是城市建设的重要内容。民防工程是提高国家整体防卫能力、提高城市抗御自然灾害和防空抗毁能力的物质基础,并且是城市地下空间开发利用的重要组成部分。民防工程与地下空间开发利用相结合建设,既充分利用了地下空间资源,又完善了地下防护空间体系。在城市开发建设中,只有将民防建设与地下空间开发统筹考虑才能达到节省资金、优化功能、有利于民防体系化的目的。本文采用纵横比较、举例分析的方法,从分析民防工程建设与广州市地下空间开发的发展历史和建设现状出发,研究民防工程建设与地下空间开发利用相结合战略的必要性、可行性和实施对策。其研究目的是为了切实解决现有民防工程建设数量不足和种类配套不够完善的矛盾,树立正确科学的城市可持续发展观,进一步加快城市地下空间开发利用的进程,进一步促进民防工程体系的完善,真正实现民防工程的“社会效益、战备效益、经济效益”的有机统一。本文分析了广州市民防工程与城市地下空间相结合开发利用现状和存在的问题,通过案例分析,说明公共民防工程可以达到较好的综合效益,并结合发达国家的相关理论和经验进一步阐述了民防工程与地下空间开发利用的前景。“平战结合”作为地下空间开发的主导思想,应贯穿于城市规划以及地下空间的开发和使用、投资和管理等环节。
论文研究结果表明,案例一的建设条件充分,战备效益、社会效益和经济效益十分显著。该项目的工程造价为6250万元,可提供约8000m2铺位,第三年可投入使用。根据周围商厦的铺租标准及营业情况进行类比,该项目投入使用后第5年可收回本息并开始盈利。案例二是某住宅楼民防工程,平战功能转换预案预算内容包含了土建、给排水、电气、空调、部分拆除,预算造价为552155元。其中土建分部工程的转换经费预算占的比重最大。论文还表明,广州市把民防工程建设与地下空间开发利用有机结合起来,发挥综合效益,是十分必要和极为重要的,也是切实可行的。既有利于加快民防工程建设和国防建设的速度,又有利于城市经济建设和可持续发展,还有利于城市地下空间资源开发利用的平战结合,在经济效益、战备效益和社会效益方面实现最佳效能。
The 21st century is the human rational development and utilization of urban underground space century. Underground space in addition to provide mankind with the production and living space can be developed outside, but also to provide mankind with war, defensible space, that is used for civil engineering. People's air defense is an important component of national defense, economic and social development is an important aspect, is an important part of urban construction. Civil engineering, in times of war there is a certain resistance to anti-destructive power of weapons effects, is to protect the safety of people's lives and property protection works is to ensure that the potential war, important facilities. Civil engineering is to improve the overall national defense capabilities, raising the city to resist natural disasters and the survivability of air defense material base, and the urban underground space development and utilization of an important part. Civil engineering and underground space development and utilization of combined construction and make full use of underground space resources, but also improve the protection of underground space system. Development and construction in the city, only the civil construction and underground space development into consideration and to achieve savings, optimize the function, is conducive to the purpose of civil defense system. This paper will analyze the anti-Engineering and Guangzhou citizens of urban underground space development and utilization of a combination of status and problems illustrate the overall efficiency of the public air defense projects, combined with civil air defense projects of peace and war during the period of conversion, in this based on the solutions to this problem, combined with relevant theory and experience of developed countries, further elaborated in civil engineering and underground space development and utilization of the future. Combine peace and war as the dominant thinking of underground space development should be run through urban planning and development and use of underground space, investment and management aspects. This paper will use the vertical and horizontal comparison, for example, methods of analysis, from the analysis of civil engineering construction and Guangzhou underground space development history of the development and construction realities of study civil engineering construction and underground space development and utilization of the strategic combination of the need for feasibility and implementation of countermeasures. Purpose of the study is to effectively resolve the insufficient number of existing civil engineering construction and types of supporting inadequate contradictions,establish a correct scientific concept of sustainable urban development, and further accelerate the development and utilization of urban underground space, and further promote the improvement of civil engineering system, truly civil defense projects, "social benefits, combat readiness and economic benefits," the organic unity.
Thesis Research results show that the case of a building in terms of full combat readiness benefits, social benefits and economic benefits are obvious. The project's construction cost of 62.5 million yuan, will provide about 8000 square meters shop in the third year can be put into use. According to the shop around the commercial and business conditions in the standard rent an analogy, the project is put into use after five years of recoverable principal and interest and begin to profit. Case 2 is a residential building in civil engineering, functional transformation from peacetime to wartime plans for the budget contains the construction, water supply and drainage, electrical, air conditioning, partially dismantled, the budget cost of about 552,155 yuan. Civil division in which the conversion project budget accounts for the largest proportion. The paper also shows that Guangzhou to civil engineering construction and underground space development and utilization of the organic combination of comprehensive benefits to play, it is very necessary and extremely important, and it is feasible. Not only help speed up the civil engineering construction and national defense construction speed is also beneficial to urban economic development and sustainable development, is also beneficial to urban underground space development and utilization of resources in wartime and peacetime needs, in the economic efficiency, combat readiness and social benefits to achieve the best performance.
论文研究结果表明,案例一的建设条件充分,战备效益、社会效益和经济效益十分显著。该项目的工程造价为6250万元,可提供约8000m2铺位,第三年可投入使用。根据周围商厦的铺租标准及营业情况进行类比,该项目投入使用后第5年可收回本息并开始盈利。案例二是某住宅楼民防工程,平战功能转换预案预算内容包含了土建、给排水、电气、空调、部分拆除,预算造价为552155元。其中土建分部工程的转换经费预算占的比重最大。论文还表明,广州市把民防工程建设与地下空间开发利用有机结合起来,发挥综合效益,是十分必要和极为重要的,也是切实可行的。既有利于加快民防工程建设和国防建设的速度,又有利于城市经济建设和可持续发展,还有利于城市地下空间资源开发利用的平战结合,在经济效益、战备效益和社会效益方面实现最佳效能。
The 21st century is the human rational development and utilization of urban underground space century. Underground space in addition to provide mankind with the production and living space can be developed outside, but also to provide mankind with war, defensible space, that is used for civil engineering. People's air defense is an important component of national defense, economic and social development is an important aspect, is an important part of urban construction. Civil engineering, in times of war there is a certain resistance to anti-destructive power of weapons effects, is to protect the safety of people's lives and property protection works is to ensure that the potential war, important facilities. Civil engineering is to improve the overall national defense capabilities, raising the city to resist natural disasters and the survivability of air defense material base, and the urban underground space development and utilization of an important part. Civil engineering and underground space development and utilization of combined construction and make full use of underground space resources, but also improve the protection of underground space system. Development and construction in the city, only the civil construction and underground space development into consideration and to achieve savings, optimize the function, is conducive to the purpose of civil defense system. This paper will analyze the anti-Engineering and Guangzhou citizens of urban underground space development and utilization of a combination of status and problems illustrate the overall efficiency of the public air defense projects, combined with civil air defense projects of peace and war during the period of conversion, in this based on the solutions to this problem, combined with relevant theory and experience of developed countries, further elaborated in civil engineering and underground space development and utilization of the future. Combine peace and war as the dominant thinking of underground space development should be run through urban planning and development and use of underground space, investment and management aspects. This paper will use the vertical and horizontal comparison, for example, methods of analysis, from the analysis of civil engineering construction and Guangzhou underground space development history of the development and construction realities of study civil engineering construction and underground space development and utilization of the strategic combination of the need for feasibility and implementation of countermeasures. Purpose of the study is to effectively resolve the insufficient number of existing civil engineering construction and types of supporting inadequate contradictions,establish a correct scientific concept of sustainable urban development, and further accelerate the development and utilization of urban underground space, and further promote the improvement of civil engineering system, truly civil defense projects, "social benefits, combat readiness and economic benefits," the organic unity.
Thesis Research results show that the case of a building in terms of full combat readiness benefits, social benefits and economic benefits are obvious. The project's construction cost of 62.5 million yuan, will provide about 8000 square meters shop in the third year can be put into use. According to the shop around the commercial and business conditions in the standard rent an analogy, the project is put into use after five years of recoverable principal and interest and begin to profit. Case 2 is a residential building in civil engineering, functional transformation from peacetime to wartime plans for the budget contains the construction, water supply and drainage, electrical, air conditioning, partially dismantled, the budget cost of about 552,155 yuan. Civil division in which the conversion project budget accounts for the largest proportion. The paper also shows that Guangzhou to civil engineering construction and underground space development and utilization of the organic combination of comprehensive benefits to play, it is very necessary and extremely important, and it is feasible. Not only help speed up the civil engineering construction and national defense construction speed is also beneficial to urban economic development and sustainable development, is also beneficial to urban underground space development and utilization of resources in wartime and peacetime needs, in the economic efficiency, combat readiness and social benefits to achieve the best performance.
引文
[1]国务院、中央军委,关于进一步推进人民防空事业发展的若干意见(国发〔2008〕4号)
[2]全国人民代表大会,中华人民共和国人民防空法,1997
[3]侯学渊马忠政,我国地下空间开发利用技术的发展,Chinacon.com.cn
[4]童林旭,地下空间资源,中国人民防空,2003(7):36
[5]童林旭,地下空间的开发价值,中国人民防空,2003(8):37
[6]梅其岳,民防工程规划与城市地下空间开发利用,广州建设报2003.6(1)
[7]李平,国外城市地下空间的开发与利用,《中国建设报》2003-8-6
[8]通网,人民防空建设答问,www.sxtong.gov.cn
[9]王胜利、方秦,人民防空工程战术技术要求培训教材,国家人民防空办公室,2004.3
[10]郑怀盛,人民防空为人民——兼谈高技术条件下的反空袭斗争准备,国防报2003.4
[11]安徽省人防办公室,民防工程建设与城市地下空间的开发利用,人防杂志2003(1),ahrfb.gov.cn,
[12]张建峰,杨木壮《.广州城市地下空间开发利用模式与发展策略》[J].现代城市研究,2009,(1).
[13] Takashi matsuda et al,A Study on damage of underground subway structures during the 1995 HYOGO-KEN NAMBU earthquake[J].Geotechnical Engineering in recovery from earthquake disaster,KIG-Forum,97.
[14]钱七虎,地下空间开发利用与民防工程建设,中国人民防空,2001(1):6
[15]崔一帆、王文娟,关于加强地下空间开发及人防建设应采取的措施,中国人民防空,2001(3) [16]蔡永江,也谈民防工程建设与地下空间开发,中国人民防空,2001(2):37—38
[16]王晋橔、毛蒋兴.《城市地下空间“平战结合”开发利用研究——以广州为例》[J].大众科技, 2008, (04)
[2]全国人民代表大会,中华人民共和国人民防空法,1997
[3]侯学渊马忠政,我国地下空间开发利用技术的发展,Chinacon.com.cn
[4]童林旭,地下空间资源,中国人民防空,2003(7):36
[5]童林旭,地下空间的开发价值,中国人民防空,2003(8):37
[6]梅其岳,民防工程规划与城市地下空间开发利用,广州建设报2003.6(1)
[7]李平,国外城市地下空间的开发与利用,《中国建设报》2003-8-6
[8]通网,人民防空建设答问,www.sxtong.gov.cn
[9]王胜利、方秦,人民防空工程战术技术要求培训教材,国家人民防空办公室,2004.3
[10]郑怀盛,人民防空为人民——兼谈高技术条件下的反空袭斗争准备,国防报2003.4
[11]安徽省人防办公室,民防工程建设与城市地下空间的开发利用,人防杂志2003(1),ahrfb.gov.cn,
[12]张建峰,杨木壮《.广州城市地下空间开发利用模式与发展策略》[J].现代城市研究,2009,(1).
[13] Takashi matsuda et al,A Study on damage of underground subway structures during the 1995 HYOGO-KEN NAMBU earthquake[J].Geotechnical Engineering in recovery from earthquake disaster,KIG-Forum,97.
[14]钱七虎,地下空间开发利用与民防工程建设,中国人民防空,2001(1):6
[15]崔一帆、王文娟,关于加强地下空间开发及人防建设应采取的措施,中国人民防空,2001(3) [16]蔡永江,也谈民防工程建设与地下空间开发,中国人民防空,2001(2):37—38
[16]王晋橔、毛蒋兴.《城市地下空间“平战结合”开发利用研究——以广州为例》[J].大众科技, 2008, (04)
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