双层药型罩毁伤元形成机理研究
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摘要
双层药型罩成型装药,在一个主装药基础上可以产生不同材料构成的射流,或者前后分离的串联EFP(Explosively Formed Projectile),能够提高聚能装药战斗部的侵彻能力。它由一个主装药和两个药型罩组成,两层罩之间可以紧密贴合在一起,也可以有间隙,可以是不同材料,也可以是相同材料,但两层药型罩之间必须有自由表面,允许两罩发生相互滑移或者撞击。如果在一个主装药上放置了两个以上的药型罩,则称为多层药型罩。小锥角双层罩可以形成无杵体射流、高速射流和带有随进燃烧剂的射流;大锥角双层罩可以产生增大长径比的EFP或者多个EFP,在反坦克、反舰、反潜、反导和反直升机等领域有着广泛应用。它的研究对与提高现有聚能装药战斗部的破甲威力,实现高效毁伤具有重要的理论价值与指导意义。
本文采用理论分析、数值仿真与实验研究相结合的方法,对双层药型罩的毁伤元形成机理,尤其对双层药型罩侵彻体性能的因素进行了系统的研究,为双层药型罩的设计和改进提供了理论依据和技术支持。本文的主要研究内容包括:
(1)研究了射流型双层罩的毁伤元形成机理。通过理论分析,描述了双层小锥角药型罩与爆轰波的作用过程,压垮过程和射流形成过程。推导了双层药型罩的当量密度公式。使用PER理论建立了小锥角双层罩压垮过程的分析模型。利用Bernoulli方程、质量守恒和动量守恒原理,建立了小锥角双层罩多物质射流形成的分析模型,确定了射流和杵体的物质组成和质量。
(2)研究了串联EFP型双层药型罩的毁伤元形成机理。描述了双层药型罩串联EFP的形成过程,研究了各种因素对串联EFP形成的影响,得到了压垮区域和压缩区域产生的厚度方向速度差是导致串联EFP形成的主要因素这一结论,并进一步推导出串联EFP的最终速度的理论公式。
(3)进行了双层罩结构、起爆方式和材料组合对串联EFP形成影响的数值仿真研究。为了更深入研究双层药型罩串联EFP形成过程中的影响因素,使用AUTODYN中的Lagrange算法,对双层药型罩的结构、起爆方式和材料组合对串联EFP形成的影响进行了数值计算,并对仿真结果进行总结,得出了这些参数的变化对双层罩形成串联EFP的影响规律。
(4)开展了双层药型罩串联毁伤元形成的试验研究。设计了一种双层锥弧结合罩并进行了试验研究。试验结果表明,设计合理的双层药型罩可以获得串联EFP或者前后分离的EFP战斗部,且双层药型罩的侵彻性能要优于单层药型罩。
Double Layer Liners Shaped Charge(DLSC),which produces jets with different materials or tandem EFP(Explosively Formed Projectile),can significantly increase the penetration capacity of shaped charge warhead。DLSC is composed of one charge and two liners.The liners can either be set close or be set with gap between them.The liners'materials can be the same or be different.But there must be free surface between the liners which allow them to slide or impact against each other.If more than two liners are compact in one charge, it is called Multi-Liners Shaped Charge(MLSC).DLSC with little cone angle can produce non-slug jet with high tip velocity or jet which has a following burning effect.DLSC with large cone angle can produce EFP with large length diameter ratio or two EFPs,which can be widely applied in anti-tank,anti-warship,anti-submarine and anti-helicopter fields.The study on DLSC can improve the penetration capacity of shaped charge significantly and gives a theoretic foundation and technical support for high efficiency damage.
By using theoretical analysis,numerical simulations and experimental methods,the formation mechanisms of DLSC,especially the key factors that influence the penetrator performance,are studied systemically,which would give a theoretic foundation and technical support for the design and improvement of DLSC.The followings are the main contents of this dissertation:
(1)The formation mechanism of jet DLSC is studied.By theoretical analysis,the interaction between DLSC and detonation products,the collapse of DLSC and the jet formation of DLSC are described.The PER theory was used to build an analytical model to study the collapse of DLSC.Using Bernoulli equation,mass and momentum conversation,the theoretic models which describe the TLSL jet formation at the collapse point are established and then the mass and configuration of jet and slug coming from TLCL are determined.
(2)The formation mechanism of tandem EFP DLSC is investigated.The formation of DLSC into tandem EFP is described,and the factors that influence the formation of tandem EFP are investigated.It is concluded that the velocity gradient is the key factor which produce tandem EFP,based on which the velocity equations of tandem EFP is deduced further.
(3) Utilizing two-dimensional finite element dynamic code AUTODYN,the numerical simulations about the influences of DLSC configurations,detonation method and liner materials on the formation of tandem EFP is carried out.The simulation results are summarized and compared with test results.The laws that govern the DLSC parameters and the formation of tandem EFP are gained.
(4)On the base of theory analysis and numerical simulation,DLSC with cone-arc liner is designed and the tests of DLSC forming into tandem EFP are carried out.The tests and numerical results agree well and the results show that the DLSC can form tandem EFP and the penetration capacity of DLSC is better than Single Liner Shaped Charge.
本文采用理论分析、数值仿真与实验研究相结合的方法,对双层药型罩的毁伤元形成机理,尤其对双层药型罩侵彻体性能的因素进行了系统的研究,为双层药型罩的设计和改进提供了理论依据和技术支持。本文的主要研究内容包括:
(1)研究了射流型双层罩的毁伤元形成机理。通过理论分析,描述了双层小锥角药型罩与爆轰波的作用过程,压垮过程和射流形成过程。推导了双层药型罩的当量密度公式。使用PER理论建立了小锥角双层罩压垮过程的分析模型。利用Bernoulli方程、质量守恒和动量守恒原理,建立了小锥角双层罩多物质射流形成的分析模型,确定了射流和杵体的物质组成和质量。
(2)研究了串联EFP型双层药型罩的毁伤元形成机理。描述了双层药型罩串联EFP的形成过程,研究了各种因素对串联EFP形成的影响,得到了压垮区域和压缩区域产生的厚度方向速度差是导致串联EFP形成的主要因素这一结论,并进一步推导出串联EFP的最终速度的理论公式。
(3)进行了双层罩结构、起爆方式和材料组合对串联EFP形成影响的数值仿真研究。为了更深入研究双层药型罩串联EFP形成过程中的影响因素,使用AUTODYN中的Lagrange算法,对双层药型罩的结构、起爆方式和材料组合对串联EFP形成的影响进行了数值计算,并对仿真结果进行总结,得出了这些参数的变化对双层罩形成串联EFP的影响规律。
(4)开展了双层药型罩串联毁伤元形成的试验研究。设计了一种双层锥弧结合罩并进行了试验研究。试验结果表明,设计合理的双层药型罩可以获得串联EFP或者前后分离的EFP战斗部,且双层药型罩的侵彻性能要优于单层药型罩。
Double Layer Liners Shaped Charge(DLSC),which produces jets with different materials or tandem EFP(Explosively Formed Projectile),can significantly increase the penetration capacity of shaped charge warhead。DLSC is composed of one charge and two liners.The liners can either be set close or be set with gap between them.The liners'materials can be the same or be different.But there must be free surface between the liners which allow them to slide or impact against each other.If more than two liners are compact in one charge, it is called Multi-Liners Shaped Charge(MLSC).DLSC with little cone angle can produce non-slug jet with high tip velocity or jet which has a following burning effect.DLSC with large cone angle can produce EFP with large length diameter ratio or two EFPs,which can be widely applied in anti-tank,anti-warship,anti-submarine and anti-helicopter fields.The study on DLSC can improve the penetration capacity of shaped charge significantly and gives a theoretic foundation and technical support for high efficiency damage.
By using theoretical analysis,numerical simulations and experimental methods,the formation mechanisms of DLSC,especially the key factors that influence the penetrator performance,are studied systemically,which would give a theoretic foundation and technical support for the design and improvement of DLSC.The followings are the main contents of this dissertation:
(1)The formation mechanism of jet DLSC is studied.By theoretical analysis,the interaction between DLSC and detonation products,the collapse of DLSC and the jet formation of DLSC are described.The PER theory was used to build an analytical model to study the collapse of DLSC.Using Bernoulli equation,mass and momentum conversation,the theoretic models which describe the TLSL jet formation at the collapse point are established and then the mass and configuration of jet and slug coming from TLCL are determined.
(2)The formation mechanism of tandem EFP DLSC is investigated.The formation of DLSC into tandem EFP is described,and the factors that influence the formation of tandem EFP are investigated.It is concluded that the velocity gradient is the key factor which produce tandem EFP,based on which the velocity equations of tandem EFP is deduced further.
(3) Utilizing two-dimensional finite element dynamic code AUTODYN,the numerical simulations about the influences of DLSC configurations,detonation method and liner materials on the formation of tandem EFP is carried out.The simulation results are summarized and compared with test results.The laws that govern the DLSC parameters and the formation of tandem EFP are gained.
(4)On the base of theory analysis and numerical simulation,DLSC with cone-arc liner is designed and the tests of DLSC forming into tandem EFP are carried out.The tests and numerical results agree well and the results show that the DLSC can form tandem EFP and the penetration capacity of DLSC is better than Single Liner Shaped Charge.
引文
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