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论区域性贸易协定对国际投资法制的影响
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摘要
在经济全球化的背景下,国际贸易和国际投资呈现出了前所未有的紧密联系。相应的,作为规范国际经济活动的法律,国际贸易法和国际投资法之间也相互作用:一方面,它们相互促进和引导;另一方面,种种不协调给双方的领域都带来一定的负面影响。
     随着外国直接投资在国际经济交往中的比重加大,人们发现,“贸易壁垒”对投资的影响无时无刻不在发生,许多贸易措施对投资的数量、部门构成、地理分布都会产生重要的影响,甚至对投资流向造成扭曲。这些,也构成了与正在不断发展之中的多边投资立法的密切联系。如何从法律的视角调整或限制这类“与投资有关的贸易措施”(即IRTMs),特别是发达国家集团所采取的贸易保护主义措施,构成了现今为实践所期待回答的重要法律课题。本文试图以此为背景和着眼点,对这些问题做初步的讨论。
     全文共分三个大的部分,依次为:
     引言介绍了本文的写作动机、选题意义和基本思路。
     第一章:“与投资有关的贸易措施对国际投资法的影响”,本章通过分析国际贸易与国际投资的法律联系,概括性的介绍了贸易措施对国际投资法施加的影响,并介绍了目前国际社会正在研究当中的几类与投资有关的贸易措施。为后文展开分析进行理论铺垫。
     第二章:“区域贸易协定的法律原则和措施对投资法的作用”,本章举出NAFTA这个较为典型的例子,论述了该协定框架本身和它所采取的一系列法律原则及措施对投资法产生的影响,并由此扩展,提出目前繁荣发展的区域自由贸易协定必将对未来多边投资法产生巨大影响,值得投资法领域的防范和借鉴。
     第三章:“贸易法体系内构建多边投资规则的努力”,本章作为前两个章节的延伸,更进一步的思考到在区域贸易法和多边贸易法的交叉作用下,国际层面上的投资立法所受到的影响,并展望了未来统一国际投资公约的发展趋势和前景。
With the trend of globalization of economy, the international trade and international investment get closer connection than they were before. International Trade Law and International Investment Law, as the laws regulating the international economic activities, is interacting each other accordingly, on one side, they are promoting and directing each other, one the other side, varieties of in-coordination have caused certain negative effect on both fields.
    With the increasing of the proportion of the Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in the international business, people find that the effect on the investment caused by the Trade Barriers is existing at anytime, many trade measures will cause great effect on the volume, sectoral composition and geographical distribution of the foreign direct investment, it could even distort the flow of the FDI. Thereof all these will affect on the developing legislation of the multilateral investment. How to adjust and restrict this kind of IRTMs, especially the trade protectionism measures adopted by the advanced countries is becoming an important task, a task that will be required to solve by the current practices. This essay will make initial discussion on these questions under the current background.
    The article includes 3 parts, as follows:
    The preface explains the motion of writing, the meaning of the topic and the main logic of the article.
    Chapter l:"Effect on the International Investment Law caused by IRTMs". This chapter gave a brief introduction on the effect on the international investment law caused by the trade measures through analyzing the legal relationship between international trade and international investment; it also introduced several kinds of trade measures relating to the investment, which is under research currently. The following text will base on this.
    Chapter 2: "Effect on the investment law by the legal principle and the measures of
    
    
    the RTAs" (regional trade agreements). Giving NAFTA as a representative illustration, this chapter discussed about the effect on the investment law caused by the frame of this Agreement and the series of legal principle and measures it adopted, thereby extended this opinion and believed that the current prosperous RTAs would caused great effect on the later multilateral investment law, which should be used for reference by the investment law.
    Chapter 3: "Efforts of establishing multilateral investment rules in the trade law system". As the extension of the Chapter 1 and Chapter 2, this Chapter discussed that with the cross effect of the regional trade law and multilateral trade law, the impact on the legislation of investment on the international level. It also prospect the development trend of the united international investment convention.
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