PC轨道梁锚固螺杆检测系统机械臂设计
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摘要
跨座式单轨交通系统是日本和欧美等发达国家在20世纪60年代提出的一种先导城市交通形式,但在PC轨道梁铸钢支座锚固螺杆健康在线监测方面的技术开发却至今未见大量报道。本文是结合PC轨道梁铸钢支座锚固螺杆健康监测系统项目,并依据课题进展过程中所不断出现的各种问题进行研究和解决而撰写完成的。
本文对PC轨道梁锚固螺杆健康监测系统机械臂的结构型式进行详细分析,并结合力平衡原理,求得机械臂所受载荷,对机械臂在实际约束状态下进行固有振动特性分析,得出其前10阶模态的固有频率和振型。从提高其抗振性能和减少重量的角度出发,根据计算结果,分析了各个零部件的薄弱环节以及可能出现的共振区域,为优化设计提供参考依据。
As one of forerunner urban traffic systems, straddle-type monorail traffic system was presented in Japanese and the occident in 1960s. But publications about technical development on monitoring on-line the health of anchor screws in the cast steel pedestal for prestressed concrete track girder can not be found. Depending on the project of monitoring system on the health of anchor screws in the cast steel pedestal for prestressed concrete track girder, this paper is accomplished according to the solving and study of problems appeared with the progress of the project.
In this paper the structural style of anchor screws mechanical arm in the cast steel pedestal for prestressed concrete track girder is analyzed detailedly. And then in response to its deformation and the principle of force balance, the load of mechanical arm is solved. Analysis on natural vibration characteristic of mechanical arm in the mechanical system is carried out in condition of physical constraint, and their ten lowest natural frequencies and mode shapes are obtained. For improving vibration resistance ability of the mechanical system and reduction of weight, according to the calculation results, weak links and resonance regions are discussed in order to give optimum design some reference frames.
本文对PC轨道梁锚固螺杆健康监测系统机械臂的结构型式进行详细分析,并结合力平衡原理,求得机械臂所受载荷,对机械臂在实际约束状态下进行固有振动特性分析,得出其前10阶模态的固有频率和振型。从提高其抗振性能和减少重量的角度出发,根据计算结果,分析了各个零部件的薄弱环节以及可能出现的共振区域,为优化设计提供参考依据。
As one of forerunner urban traffic systems, straddle-type monorail traffic system was presented in Japanese and the occident in 1960s. But publications about technical development on monitoring on-line the health of anchor screws in the cast steel pedestal for prestressed concrete track girder can not be found. Depending on the project of monitoring system on the health of anchor screws in the cast steel pedestal for prestressed concrete track girder, this paper is accomplished according to the solving and study of problems appeared with the progress of the project.
In this paper the structural style of anchor screws mechanical arm in the cast steel pedestal for prestressed concrete track girder is analyzed detailedly. And then in response to its deformation and the principle of force balance, the load of mechanical arm is solved. Analysis on natural vibration characteristic of mechanical arm in the mechanical system is carried out in condition of physical constraint, and their ten lowest natural frequencies and mode shapes are obtained. For improving vibration resistance ability of the mechanical system and reduction of weight, according to the calculation results, weak links and resonance regions are discussed in order to give optimum design some reference frames.
引文
[1] 董丕灵.城市轻轨交通的类型划分与技术特点分析.城市公用事业.2001, 15(2): 8-10
[2] 李宏.美国城市中的轨道运输.铁道工程学报.2001 年 9 月, No.3(Ser.71): 24-26
[3] 吴礼本.国外城市交通系统发展趋势.国外铁道车辆.1998, (6): 7-13
[4] 刘春阳译.前景光明的城市轻轨铁路. 现代科技译丛.2002, (5): 51-53
[5] T. Griffin. Ultra light rail development. IMechE. 2001, vol.215 Part F: 149-156
[6] H.H.Topp. Renaissance of trams in Germany-five case studies. IMechE.1998, vol.212 Part F: 227-233
[7] I.A.Souter. An analysis of the development of the tramway/light rail concept in the British Isles. IMechE.2001, vol.215 Part F: 157-165
[8] M.Novales, A.Orro and M.R.Bugarin. The tram-train: state of the art. IMechE.2002, vol.216 Part F: 1-14
[9] 张永厚.城市交通的发展趋向.铁道建筑.1995, (8): 33-36
[10] 何宗华.日本城市轨道交通的类型与技术发展.城市轨道交通研究.2004,(5): 5-8
[11] 虞同文.日本城市轨道交通见闻.交通与运输.2002, 3: 31-33
[12] 仲建华.重庆跨座式单轨交通.都市快轨交通.2004,17(5): 17-20
[13] 岳渠德等.我国城市轨道交通系统的选择.石家庄铁道学院学报.2001,14(3): 44-46
[14] Thomas Engelberg. Design of a correlation system for speed measurement of rail vehicles. Measurement. 29 (2001) 157-164
[15] David .E. F.Voskuhl. The example of the Karlsruhe region in Germany. Journal of Transport Geography. Vol.3, No.4: 281-286, 1995
[16] Roger Mackett, et al. New urban rail systems: a policy –based technique to make them more successful. Journal of Transport Geography. 11(2003) 151-164
[17] William H.K.Lam, et al. A study of crowding effects at the Hong Kong light rail transit stations. Transportation Research Part A. 33(1999) 401-415
[18] Sydney C. K. Chu, et al . Crew scheduling of light rail transit in Hong Kong: From modeling to implementation. Computer Ops Res. Vol.25, No.11,887-894,1998
[19] Michael Kuby, et al. Factors influencing light-rail station boardings in the United States. Transportation Research Part A. 38(2004) 223-247
[20] Nigel G Harris. The marginal profitability of train services in London. Transport Policy. Vol.3,No.1/2,17-20,1996
[21] Chang Hun Lee, et al. Dynamic response analysis of monorail bridges under moving trains andriding comfort of trains. Engineering Structure. 27(2005) 1999-2013
[22] 何勇军,王昌荣.城市轻轨电车交流传动微机监控系统.内燃机车.2003,(11): 19-23
[23] 翟峰等.智能光纤传感器应用于轻轨轨道安全自动监测初探.重庆工学院学报.2005,19(5): 49-54
[24] 徐银光.重庆跨座式单轨系统限界检测设备的研究.铁道标准设计. 2005(2)
[25] 董政.重庆轻轨盖梁支座锚箱安装与测量.交通科技.2004, (2): 16-18
[26] 韩西等.跨座式轻轨 PC 轨道梁活动钢支座疲劳及寿命有限元分析.公路交通科技.2001 年12 月, Vol.18, No.6, 39-42
[27] 何建平,陆治国主编. 电气传动.重庆:重庆大学出版社, 2002
[28] 谢少荣等编著.现代控制与驱动技术.北京:化学工业出版社, 2004
[29] 张利平主编.液压气动系统设计手册.北京:机械工业出版社, 1997
[30] 周伯英编著.工业机器人设计.北京:机械工业出版社, 1995
[31] 陆祥生,杨秀莲编.机械手理论及应用.北京:中国铁道出版社, 1985
[32] 温诗铸.摩擦学原理.北京:清华大学出版社,1990
[33] Harris T A. Rolling bearing analysis.3rd ed. John Wiley and Sons Inc, 1990
[34] 杜迎辉,邱明等.高速精密角接触轴承刚度计算.轴承. 2001(11): 5-6
[35] 哈姆罗克 B J, 道森 D.滚动轴承润滑.北京:机械工业出版社, 1988
[36] 吴宗泽主编.机械零件设计手册.北京:机械工业出版社, 2004
[37] 韩德一,梁波.惯性平台轴承预紧力及其刚度的分析计算.中国惯性技术学报.1998,6(4): 38-42
[38] 乔季芳.航空涡轮冷却器的预紧结构.航空精密制造技术.1995,31(5): 15-17
[39] 邢济收,戴曙.预紧后角接触轴承刚度计算.机床.1990, (5): 8-10
[40] 徐浩,马美玲.深沟球轴承超轻和超特轻系列优化设计.轴承.1999, (8): 6-7
[41] 王锐等.有限元法在电子设备结构动态分析中的应用.船舶电子工程.1999,(1).
[42] H. Wang and K. Williams. Vibrational modes of thick cylinders of finite length. Journal of Sound and vibration. (1996)191(5),955-971
[43] Y.A.Khulief, M.A.Mohiuddin. On the dynamic analysis of rotors using modal reduction. Finite Elements in Analysis and Design. 26(1997) 41-55
[44] M.Cemal CAKIR, Yahya ISIK. Finite element analysis of cutting tools prior to fracture in hard turning operations. Materials and Design. 26(2005) 105-112
[45] I.V.Rokach. On the numerical evaluation of the anvil force for accurate dynamic stress intensity factor determination. Engineering Fracture Mechanics. 70 (2003) 2059-2074
[46] Youguang Pan, Luke A. Louca. Experimental and numerical studies on the response of stiffened plates subjected to gas explosions. Journal of Constructional Steel Research. 52(1999)171-193
[47] M.Arafa ,A.Baz. Dynamics of active piezoelectric damping composites. Composites: Part B 31(2000) 255-264
[48] Hyo-Jin Kim. Fatigue failure analysis of last stage blade in a low pressure steam turbine. Engineering Failure Analysis. 6(1998) 93-100
[49] 黄红武,赵小青等.基于有限元的超高速平面磨床整机动力学建模及模态分析.湖南大学学报(自然科学版), 2005,32(4): 39-40
[50] 安琦瑜等.基于 FEM 的滚珠丝杠进给系统动态性能分析.制造技术与机床.2005,(10): 85-88
[51] 傅中裕,杨晓京.ANSYS 的丝杠模态分析.机械制造与研究. Dec 2004, 33(6): 37-39
[2] 李宏.美国城市中的轨道运输.铁道工程学报.2001 年 9 月, No.3(Ser.71): 24-26
[3] 吴礼本.国外城市交通系统发展趋势.国外铁道车辆.1998, (6): 7-13
[4] 刘春阳译.前景光明的城市轻轨铁路. 现代科技译丛.2002, (5): 51-53
[5] T. Griffin. Ultra light rail development. IMechE. 2001, vol.215 Part F: 149-156
[6] H.H.Topp. Renaissance of trams in Germany-five case studies. IMechE.1998, vol.212 Part F: 227-233
[7] I.A.Souter. An analysis of the development of the tramway/light rail concept in the British Isles. IMechE.2001, vol.215 Part F: 157-165
[8] M.Novales, A.Orro and M.R.Bugarin. The tram-train: state of the art. IMechE.2002, vol.216 Part F: 1-14
[9] 张永厚.城市交通的发展趋向.铁道建筑.1995, (8): 33-36
[10] 何宗华.日本城市轨道交通的类型与技术发展.城市轨道交通研究.2004,(5): 5-8
[11] 虞同文.日本城市轨道交通见闻.交通与运输.2002, 3: 31-33
[12] 仲建华.重庆跨座式单轨交通.都市快轨交通.2004,17(5): 17-20
[13] 岳渠德等.我国城市轨道交通系统的选择.石家庄铁道学院学报.2001,14(3): 44-46
[14] Thomas Engelberg. Design of a correlation system for speed measurement of rail vehicles. Measurement. 29 (2001) 157-164
[15] David .E. F.Voskuhl. The example of the Karlsruhe region in Germany. Journal of Transport Geography. Vol.3, No.4: 281-286, 1995
[16] Roger Mackett, et al. New urban rail systems: a policy –based technique to make them more successful. Journal of Transport Geography. 11(2003) 151-164
[17] William H.K.Lam, et al. A study of crowding effects at the Hong Kong light rail transit stations. Transportation Research Part A. 33(1999) 401-415
[18] Sydney C. K. Chu, et al . Crew scheduling of light rail transit in Hong Kong: From modeling to implementation. Computer Ops Res. Vol.25, No.11,887-894,1998
[19] Michael Kuby, et al. Factors influencing light-rail station boardings in the United States. Transportation Research Part A. 38(2004) 223-247
[20] Nigel G Harris. The marginal profitability of train services in London. Transport Policy. Vol.3,No.1/2,17-20,1996
[21] Chang Hun Lee, et al. Dynamic response analysis of monorail bridges under moving trains andriding comfort of trains. Engineering Structure. 27(2005) 1999-2013
[22] 何勇军,王昌荣.城市轻轨电车交流传动微机监控系统.内燃机车.2003,(11): 19-23
[23] 翟峰等.智能光纤传感器应用于轻轨轨道安全自动监测初探.重庆工学院学报.2005,19(5): 49-54
[24] 徐银光.重庆跨座式单轨系统限界检测设备的研究.铁道标准设计. 2005(2)
[25] 董政.重庆轻轨盖梁支座锚箱安装与测量.交通科技.2004, (2): 16-18
[26] 韩西等.跨座式轻轨 PC 轨道梁活动钢支座疲劳及寿命有限元分析.公路交通科技.2001 年12 月, Vol.18, No.6, 39-42
[27] 何建平,陆治国主编. 电气传动.重庆:重庆大学出版社, 2002
[28] 谢少荣等编著.现代控制与驱动技术.北京:化学工业出版社, 2004
[29] 张利平主编.液压气动系统设计手册.北京:机械工业出版社, 1997
[30] 周伯英编著.工业机器人设计.北京:机械工业出版社, 1995
[31] 陆祥生,杨秀莲编.机械手理论及应用.北京:中国铁道出版社, 1985
[32] 温诗铸.摩擦学原理.北京:清华大学出版社,1990
[33] Harris T A. Rolling bearing analysis.3rd ed. John Wiley and Sons Inc, 1990
[34] 杜迎辉,邱明等.高速精密角接触轴承刚度计算.轴承. 2001(11): 5-6
[35] 哈姆罗克 B J, 道森 D.滚动轴承润滑.北京:机械工业出版社, 1988
[36] 吴宗泽主编.机械零件设计手册.北京:机械工业出版社, 2004
[37] 韩德一,梁波.惯性平台轴承预紧力及其刚度的分析计算.中国惯性技术学报.1998,6(4): 38-42
[38] 乔季芳.航空涡轮冷却器的预紧结构.航空精密制造技术.1995,31(5): 15-17
[39] 邢济收,戴曙.预紧后角接触轴承刚度计算.机床.1990, (5): 8-10
[40] 徐浩,马美玲.深沟球轴承超轻和超特轻系列优化设计.轴承.1999, (8): 6-7
[41] 王锐等.有限元法在电子设备结构动态分析中的应用.船舶电子工程.1999,(1).
[42] H. Wang and K. Williams. Vibrational modes of thick cylinders of finite length. Journal of Sound and vibration. (1996)191(5),955-971
[43] Y.A.Khulief, M.A.Mohiuddin. On the dynamic analysis of rotors using modal reduction. Finite Elements in Analysis and Design. 26(1997) 41-55
[44] M.Cemal CAKIR, Yahya ISIK. Finite element analysis of cutting tools prior to fracture in hard turning operations. Materials and Design. 26(2005) 105-112
[45] I.V.Rokach. On the numerical evaluation of the anvil force for accurate dynamic stress intensity factor determination. Engineering Fracture Mechanics. 70 (2003) 2059-2074
[46] Youguang Pan, Luke A. Louca. Experimental and numerical studies on the response of stiffened plates subjected to gas explosions. Journal of Constructional Steel Research. 52(1999)171-193
[47] M.Arafa ,A.Baz. Dynamics of active piezoelectric damping composites. Composites: Part B 31(2000) 255-264
[48] Hyo-Jin Kim. Fatigue failure analysis of last stage blade in a low pressure steam turbine. Engineering Failure Analysis. 6(1998) 93-100
[49] 黄红武,赵小青等.基于有限元的超高速平面磨床整机动力学建模及模态分析.湖南大学学报(自然科学版), 2005,32(4): 39-40
[50] 安琦瑜等.基于 FEM 的滚珠丝杠进给系统动态性能分析.制造技术与机床.2005,(10): 85-88
[51] 傅中裕,杨晓京.ANSYS 的丝杠模态分析.机械制造与研究. Dec 2004, 33(6): 37-39