铁路自动配电开关数据通信系统的设计
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摘要
传统的铁路贯通/自闭线故障检测定位算法存在着种种弊端,严重制约着铁路运输向高速度、高密度方向发展。本DKHK型铁路贯通/自闭线配电自动化系统将应用华中科技大学的发明专利,完善铁路贯通/自闭线配电开关的在线监测与故障定位隔离算法,从而实现铁路贯通/自闭线配电自动化。
本文简单介绍了DKHK型铁路贯通/自闭线配电自动化系统。结合本系统的分布式结构特点和铁路专用通信网络,本文对系统的通信方案做了详细的分析和讨论。
根据远动通信的主要技术方案的比较提出该系统采用2层总线通信方式,阐述了现场总线的优越性,并根据各层的特殊情况和要求制定出每层的通信方案和通信介质。该通信系统3层设备采用2级通信,在每个区域中,由一个工控机组成最上层,中间层由四台PC104组成,每台PC104管理10台左右的下位机。上层工控机与PC104之间采用CAN总线协议,PC104和下位机之间采用RS485总线。
论文重点论述了通信系统的实现,介绍了2级通信中采用的通信协议,3层通信装置中的软件实现,另外,论文针对铁路专用通信网络接入网的不同接口类型,给出了各种接口情况下的系统通信物理连接方案。
各通信设备之间独立运行,彼此之间只由通信网络联系,部分设备故障不影响其它设备的正常运行,也不会降低速度。在系统装置(FTU)数量大,分布地域广的基础上实现大量数据远距离传输的完整和准确、实时性高,并按故障优先级别来传输信息。
There are many shortcomings in the traditional fault detection and locating algorithm for railway transmission/automatically blocked power line. It seriously restricts the railway transportation to developing for high speed and high density. Making use of the HUST’s patent of invention, the fault detection and location algorithm for railway transmission/automatically blocked power line is improved in the DKHK-type railway automatic distribution system.
Firstly, the paper introduces the DKHK-type system simply, and it introduces the communication scheme in detail according to the distributed structure and the railway special communication network.
According to the comparison of several remote communication schemes, two-layered bus communication mode is adopted, in which the advantages of the field bus communication is introduced. According to every layer’s special condition and command, different communication scheme and medium are selected. This communication system has two-stage communications to connect the three-layer equipments. In every area, there are one set of industrial computer which forms the top layer, four sets of PC104 which form the middle layer, and about 10 sets of lower computer which belong to every PC104. CAN-bus protocol is adapted between the industrial computer and PC104, RS485 bus is adapted between the PC104 and lower computers.
The realization of the communication system is discussed emphatically. which includes the protocols for the two-stage communications and the software of the three-layer equipments. In addition, different physics links in different interface for the railway special communication connect-networks is described separatedly.
Because all of the communication devices work independently, some devices which have malfunction will not affect others and the speed will not reduce. Although there are lots of FTU in all around, this communication system realizes the remote transmission with information integrity, nicety, speediness and priority.
本文简单介绍了DKHK型铁路贯通/自闭线配电自动化系统。结合本系统的分布式结构特点和铁路专用通信网络,本文对系统的通信方案做了详细的分析和讨论。
根据远动通信的主要技术方案的比较提出该系统采用2层总线通信方式,阐述了现场总线的优越性,并根据各层的特殊情况和要求制定出每层的通信方案和通信介质。该通信系统3层设备采用2级通信,在每个区域中,由一个工控机组成最上层,中间层由四台PC104组成,每台PC104管理10台左右的下位机。上层工控机与PC104之间采用CAN总线协议,PC104和下位机之间采用RS485总线。
论文重点论述了通信系统的实现,介绍了2级通信中采用的通信协议,3层通信装置中的软件实现,另外,论文针对铁路专用通信网络接入网的不同接口类型,给出了各种接口情况下的系统通信物理连接方案。
各通信设备之间独立运行,彼此之间只由通信网络联系,部分设备故障不影响其它设备的正常运行,也不会降低速度。在系统装置(FTU)数量大,分布地域广的基础上实现大量数据远距离传输的完整和准确、实时性高,并按故障优先级别来传输信息。
There are many shortcomings in the traditional fault detection and locating algorithm for railway transmission/automatically blocked power line. It seriously restricts the railway transportation to developing for high speed and high density. Making use of the HUST’s patent of invention, the fault detection and location algorithm for railway transmission/automatically blocked power line is improved in the DKHK-type railway automatic distribution system.
Firstly, the paper introduces the DKHK-type system simply, and it introduces the communication scheme in detail according to the distributed structure and the railway special communication network.
According to the comparison of several remote communication schemes, two-layered bus communication mode is adopted, in which the advantages of the field bus communication is introduced. According to every layer’s special condition and command, different communication scheme and medium are selected. This communication system has two-stage communications to connect the three-layer equipments. In every area, there are one set of industrial computer which forms the top layer, four sets of PC104 which form the middle layer, and about 10 sets of lower computer which belong to every PC104. CAN-bus protocol is adapted between the industrial computer and PC104, RS485 bus is adapted between the PC104 and lower computers.
The realization of the communication system is discussed emphatically. which includes the protocols for the two-stage communications and the software of the three-layer equipments. In addition, different physics links in different interface for the railway special communication connect-networks is described separatedly.
Because all of the communication devices work independently, some devices which have malfunction will not affect others and the speed will not reduce. Although there are lots of FTU in all around, this communication system realizes the remote transmission with information integrity, nicety, speediness and priority.
引文
[1] 何人望.电力贯通线故障测距方法的适应性分析.华东交通大学学报,2003,20(1):16～19
[2] 赵恂传,秦仁伟.铁路配电自动化的发展与建议.铁道标准设计,2000,20(6-7):71～72
[3] 史耀政.10kV 电力贯通线(自闭线)远动技术的应用.铁道标准设计,2000,20(12):55～57
[4] 郭忠.10KV 自闭线路单相接地故障自动检测及切除系统的研究.上海铁道科技,2002,(2):29～31
[5] 欧阳志源.10KV 自闭线、贯通线中检修开关的设置.铁道工程学报,2000,(2):85～87
[6] Zamora I,MinambresJF,Mazon A J et al .Fault Location on Two-terminal Transmission Line Based on Voltage.IEEE proc,-Gener,1996,143(1):1~6
[7] Togami M,Abe N,Kitahashi T et al.On the Application of a Machine Learning Technique to Fault Diagnosis of Power Distribution Lines.IEEE Trans Power Delivery,1995,10(4):1927～1936
[8] Scott F E.New Ground Fault Protection System Minimizes Electrical Shock Hazards.Coal Mining & Processing,1981,6
[9] Chaari O,Meunier M.Wavelets:A New Tool for the Resonant Grounded Power Distribution System Relaying.IEEE Trans Power Delivery,1996,11(3):1301～1308
[10] Gangopadhyay A Low Cost Microprocessor Based Ground Fault Relay Using Walsh Functions.IEEE-IAS-1991 Annual Meeting
[11] Etwell E A.Performance Testing of the Norton High Impedance Ground Fault Detector on a Distribution Feeder.Rrual Electric Power Conf,New York:1990.190～195
[12] IEEE Guide for the Application of Neutral Grounding in Electrical Utility Systems.Part IV-distribution,Surge-Protective Devices Committee of the IEEE PowerEngineering Society.USA,Aug,1992,27～31
[13] Namhun C, Boknam H. The Result of the Field Test in Distribution Automation System for the Korea Utility. Proceeding of International Conference on Power System Technology. August 18-21. 1998:48~52
[14] Lehtonen,Matti. Automatic Fault Management Model for Distribution Networks. Proceedings of the International Conference on Energy Management and Power Delivery. March,1998:645~649
[15] Jun Zhu, Lubkeman D L, Girgis A A. Automated Fault Location and Diagnosis on Electric Power Distribution Feeders. IEEE Transactions Power Delivery, 1997, 12(2):801~809
[16] 赵恂传,秦仁伟.期望铁路配电自动化.工程设计 CAD 与智能建筑,2000,(5):52～53
[17] 陈堂,赵祖康,陈星莺等.配电系统及其自动化技术.北京:中国电力出版社,2002
[18] 李闰生.我国铁路通信线路的全光纤化.中国铁路,2000,(8):31～34
[19] 赵明洲,王卫星.光纤通信在配电网自动化上的应用.农村电气化,2001,(6):14～15
[20] 叶英.铁路接入网的现状与发展.通讯世界,2000,(8):65～66
[21] 魏璇,刘玉忠,刘沛.一种全分布式变电站自动化通信系统的实现.电力系统自动化,1999,23(13):54～56
[22] 岳建海,刘云,安源等.我国铁路通信网发展的几点建议.中国铁路,2000,(3):32～34
[23] 郎云成.铁路专用通信系统及发展.通信管理与技术,2004,(4):28～30
[24] 王亚民.铁路通信网 SDH 组网应用浅述.电气化铁道,1996,(2):42～45
[25] 李瑞清.铁路通信网建设的几点建议.四川通信技术,1999,(4):22～26
[26] 刘健,倪建立,邓永辉等.配电自动化系统.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2003
[27] 谢大权.基于 CAN 现场总线技术的电力参数远程监测系统的研究[硕士学位论文] .南京:河海大学,2005
[28] 蔡月明.CAN 总线在变电站综合自动化系统数据通信网络中应用的研究[硕士学位论文] .南京:东南大学,2002
[29] 穆斌,罗珣.RS-485 总线网络应用中的安全与可靠性.光学 精密工程,2003,11(2):193～197
[30] 范辉.RS485 总线与 CAN 总线应用比较.上海电机学院学报,2005,8(5):54～56
[31] 苏永乐.现场总线技术及其在电力系统中的应用前景(续).工业仪表与自动化装置,1999,(6):15～18
[32] 辛忠东,王莹.现场总线技术在铁路低压配电系统的应用.中国铁道科学,2003,24(1):33～37
[33] PROFIBUS Specification,Normative Parts of PROFIBUS-FMS、-DP、-PA,According to the European Standard EN50170-2 Volume 2,Edition 1.0 Mar.1998
[34] 阳宪惠.现场总线技术及其应用.北京:清华大学出版社,1999
[35] 石虎山,戴莉.CAN 网络通信技术.计算机仿真,2004,21(10):111～114
[36] 邬宽明.CAN 总原理和应用系统设计.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1996
[37] CAN Specification[Version 2.0](EB). Philips Semiconductors Inc.1991.9
[38] CANbus 规范 V2.0 版本,广州周立功单片机发展有限公司
[39] SJA1000 Data Sheet. Philips Semiconductors. 2001.1
[40] PCA82C280 Data Sheet. Philips Semiconductors. 2001.1
[41] Hasnaoui S,Kallel O,Kbaier R et al.An Implementation of a Proposed Modification of CAN Protocol on CAN Fieldbus Controller Component for Supporting a Dynamic Priority Policy. Industry Applications Conference, 2003. Conference Record of the 2003 IEEE, 2003(1):21~31
[42] Hasnaoui S, Bouallegue A. A Proposal Modification of CAN Protocol to Support a Dynamic Priority Policy Being Able to be Implemented on CAN Fieldbus Controller Compoents. Industry Application Conference,2000. Conference Record of the 2000 IEEE, 2000(2):1129~1136
[43] 郝静.变电站自动化系统中传输规约的选择[硕士学位论文] .长春:东北电力学院,2000
[2] 赵恂传,秦仁伟.铁路配电自动化的发展与建议.铁道标准设计,2000,20(6-7):71～72
[3] 史耀政.10kV 电力贯通线(自闭线)远动技术的应用.铁道标准设计,2000,20(12):55～57
[4] 郭忠.10KV 自闭线路单相接地故障自动检测及切除系统的研究.上海铁道科技,2002,(2):29～31
[5] 欧阳志源.10KV 自闭线、贯通线中检修开关的设置.铁道工程学报,2000,(2):85～87
[6] Zamora I,MinambresJF,Mazon A J et al .Fault Location on Two-terminal Transmission Line Based on Voltage.IEEE proc,-Gener,1996,143(1):1~6
[7] Togami M,Abe N,Kitahashi T et al.On the Application of a Machine Learning Technique to Fault Diagnosis of Power Distribution Lines.IEEE Trans Power Delivery,1995,10(4):1927～1936
[8] Scott F E.New Ground Fault Protection System Minimizes Electrical Shock Hazards.Coal Mining & Processing,1981,6
[9] Chaari O,Meunier M.Wavelets:A New Tool for the Resonant Grounded Power Distribution System Relaying.IEEE Trans Power Delivery,1996,11(3):1301～1308
[10] Gangopadhyay A Low Cost Microprocessor Based Ground Fault Relay Using Walsh Functions.IEEE-IAS-1991 Annual Meeting
[11] Etwell E A.Performance Testing of the Norton High Impedance Ground Fault Detector on a Distribution Feeder.Rrual Electric Power Conf,New York:1990.190～195
[12] IEEE Guide for the Application of Neutral Grounding in Electrical Utility Systems.Part IV-distribution,Surge-Protective Devices Committee of the IEEE PowerEngineering Society.USA,Aug,1992,27～31
[13] Namhun C, Boknam H. The Result of the Field Test in Distribution Automation System for the Korea Utility. Proceeding of International Conference on Power System Technology. August 18-21. 1998:48~52
[14] Lehtonen,Matti. Automatic Fault Management Model for Distribution Networks. Proceedings of the International Conference on Energy Management and Power Delivery. March,1998:645~649
[15] Jun Zhu, Lubkeman D L, Girgis A A. Automated Fault Location and Diagnosis on Electric Power Distribution Feeders. IEEE Transactions Power Delivery, 1997, 12(2):801~809
[16] 赵恂传,秦仁伟.期望铁路配电自动化.工程设计 CAD 与智能建筑,2000,(5):52～53
[17] 陈堂,赵祖康,陈星莺等.配电系统及其自动化技术.北京:中国电力出版社,2002
[18] 李闰生.我国铁路通信线路的全光纤化.中国铁路,2000,(8):31～34
[19] 赵明洲,王卫星.光纤通信在配电网自动化上的应用.农村电气化,2001,(6):14～15
[20] 叶英.铁路接入网的现状与发展.通讯世界,2000,(8):65～66
[21] 魏璇,刘玉忠,刘沛.一种全分布式变电站自动化通信系统的实现.电力系统自动化,1999,23(13):54～56
[22] 岳建海,刘云,安源等.我国铁路通信网发展的几点建议.中国铁路,2000,(3):32～34
[23] 郎云成.铁路专用通信系统及发展.通信管理与技术,2004,(4):28～30
[24] 王亚民.铁路通信网 SDH 组网应用浅述.电气化铁道,1996,(2):42～45
[25] 李瑞清.铁路通信网建设的几点建议.四川通信技术,1999,(4):22～26
[26] 刘健,倪建立,邓永辉等.配电自动化系统.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2003
[27] 谢大权.基于 CAN 现场总线技术的电力参数远程监测系统的研究[硕士学位论文] .南京:河海大学,2005
[28] 蔡月明.CAN 总线在变电站综合自动化系统数据通信网络中应用的研究[硕士学位论文] .南京:东南大学,2002
[29] 穆斌,罗珣.RS-485 总线网络应用中的安全与可靠性.光学 精密工程,2003,11(2):193～197
[30] 范辉.RS485 总线与 CAN 总线应用比较.上海电机学院学报,2005,8(5):54～56
[31] 苏永乐.现场总线技术及其在电力系统中的应用前景(续).工业仪表与自动化装置,1999,(6):15～18
[32] 辛忠东,王莹.现场总线技术在铁路低压配电系统的应用.中国铁道科学,2003,24(1):33～37
[33] PROFIBUS Specification,Normative Parts of PROFIBUS-FMS、-DP、-PA,According to the European Standard EN50170-2 Volume 2,Edition 1.0 Mar.1998
[34] 阳宪惠.现场总线技术及其应用.北京:清华大学出版社,1999
[35] 石虎山,戴莉.CAN 网络通信技术.计算机仿真,2004,21(10):111～114
[36] 邬宽明.CAN 总原理和应用系统设计.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1996
[37] CAN Specification[Version 2.0](EB). Philips Semiconductors Inc.1991.9
[38] CANbus 规范 V2.0 版本,广州周立功单片机发展有限公司
[39] SJA1000 Data Sheet. Philips Semiconductors. 2001.1
[40] PCA82C280 Data Sheet. Philips Semiconductors. 2001.1
[41] Hasnaoui S,Kallel O,Kbaier R et al.An Implementation of a Proposed Modification of CAN Protocol on CAN Fieldbus Controller Component for Supporting a Dynamic Priority Policy. Industry Applications Conference, 2003. Conference Record of the 2003 IEEE, 2003(1):21~31
[42] Hasnaoui S, Bouallegue A. A Proposal Modification of CAN Protocol to Support a Dynamic Priority Policy Being Able to be Implemented on CAN Fieldbus Controller Compoents. Industry Application Conference,2000. Conference Record of the 2000 IEEE, 2000(2):1129~1136
[43] 郝静.变电站自动化系统中传输规约的选择[硕士学位论文] .长春:东北电力学院,2000