西藏高原晚中生代以来重要构造事件的古地磁学约束
|
摘要
由若干构造地体组成的西藏高原是检验与理解板块构造理论以及地球动力学的天然地质实验室。由于对全球气候变化以及地球动力学的重大作用，板块碰撞与高原隆升两大科学问题成为全球关注的热点。然而，与西藏高原形成息息相关的晚中生代以来重要构造事件（如印度-欧亚大陆碰撞过程与启动时限，拉萨-羌塘地体碰撞时限，古亚洲板块碰撞后构造短缩量与旋转量等）至今仍存在巨大争议，直接阻碍了对岩石圈变形以及高原隆升动力学机制的正确认识。
针对上述问题，本文对欧亚大陆最南缘的日喀则弧前盆地、西藏高原腹地尼玛盆地（拉萨地体）、双湖地区（羌塘地体）进行沉积学、磁性地层学以及构造古地磁学研究。数据结果表明：(1)日喀则弧前盆地在54-57Ma位于24.2±5.9°N，首次揭示了在54-57Ma这一关键时间的亚洲板块最南缘古位置。通过与印度最北缘对比，将印度-欧亚大陆初始碰撞时限限定在约50Ma，并提出晚白垩世-始新世亚洲板块南缘古纬度一直位于北纬24°，在碰撞初始的16Ma，古亚洲板块南缘未发生大量纬向运动，薄的大印度陆壳俯冲下插，并导致喜马拉雅发生大量陆内短缩、原西藏高原的早期隆升；(2)羌塘地体晚白垩世古纬度26.4±3.8°N，羌塘与拉萨地体的碰撞可能最终于晚白垩世结束（碰撞时间上限）；(3)印度-欧亚大陆碰撞所造成的亚洲板块南部南北向内陆短缩为约583km（60Ma之后）以及约737km（70Ma之后），大部分的印度-欧亚大陆汇聚量被大印度板块下插与特提斯喜马拉雅构造短缩所吸收；(4)与稳定欧亚大陆磁极相比较，尼玛盆地晚第三纪以来无构造旋转，而双湖地区晚白垩世以来发生巨大顺时针旋转（约55°）。通过综述相关磁偏角研究结果，本文认为西藏高原各个块体构造旋转在时间与空间上具有较大的不一致性，各个地点的构造旋转与区域构造样式（断层与褶皱）相关。(5)羌塘地体双湖地区阿布山组的沉积时代最可能为晚白垩世，尼玛盆地丁青湖组沉积时代为晚第三纪（约22.5-25Ma）。西藏高原腹地发育多处晚白垩世-晚第三纪冲积扇、辫状河、湖相三角洲的沉积盆地，并且指示干旱的气候类型，表明原西藏高原沉积环境特征早在晚白垩世已经建立。
The Tibetan Plateau, comprising several crustal terranes, has become thenatural geological laboratory for studying plate tectonics and continental dynamics.Convergence events related to a series of Gondwana-derived terranes (e.g., Lhasa andIndia) and Asian continent has produced the uplift of Tibetan Plateau and alsodeformed large parts of Asia. The process of the collision and the tectonic models bywhich the Tibetan Plateau was raised are of global concern for their effects onclimatical and continental dynamics. Tectonic events since Late Mesozoic such ashow and when India collided with Asia, the timing of collision for the Lhasa andQiangtang terranes, how and where convergence between India and Asia wasaccommodated since the collision etc., are still highly debated and hinder ourunderstanding of the dynamic processes governing the kinematic history andstructural development of Asia.
In this thesis, I present new paleomagnetic and sedimentological data from theXigaze forearc basin, Nima basin (Lhasa terrane), and Shuanghu area (Qiangtangterrane). These data show that1) the Xigaze forearc basin was located at24.2±5.9°Nduring54-57Ma, providing for the first time a direct constraint on the position of thesouthernmost margin of Asia at this crucial stage. The age and locus of the initialIndia-Asia collision are at~50Ma and~24°N, respectively. Tibet resisted India’snorthward push during the first~16Ma of initial impactfrom the collision andexperienced little latitudinal displacement. Sometime a little after34Ma, GreaterIndia was consumed and thicker Indian Craton subsequently made contact with Asia,resulting in6°northward drift of Asia:2) Paleomagnetic results show that theQiangtang terrane was located at26.4±3.8°N during Late Cretaceous time.Lhasa-Qiangtang continental collision might finally terminate until the LateCretaceous:3) The paleolatitudes of the Xigaze forearc basin and Qiangtang terranesuggest approximately583km (since60Ma) and737km (since70Ma) of shorteningoccurred in Asian lithosphere. Most of post-50Ma India-Asia convergence partitionedinto Greater India consumed by underthrusting and shortening in the Himalaya:4)When compared with coeval age expected directions of Eurasia, the mean paleomagnetic directions indicate no Late Tertiary vertical-axis rotation of the NimaBasin and significant clockwise rotation (~55°) of the central Qiangtang terrane sinceLate Cretaceous. Rotations are highly variable in magnitude and time within localgeographic areas. The tectonic rotations can be explained as easily by deformationassociated with structures proximal to the sampling localities:5) The integratedsedimentology and magnetostratigraphy provide a maximum likelihood ofdepositional age of Abushan Formation and Dingqinghu Formation, which are LateCretaceous and Late Tertiary (~19-26Ma), respectively. The results from this thesisstudy suggest that the depositional environments (alluvial fan and lacustrine fan-delta)and arid features of the central Tibet have been well established by the LateCretaceous.
针对上述问题，本文对欧亚大陆最南缘的日喀则弧前盆地、西藏高原腹地尼玛盆地（拉萨地体）、双湖地区（羌塘地体）进行沉积学、磁性地层学以及构造古地磁学研究。数据结果表明：(1)日喀则弧前盆地在54-57Ma位于24.2±5.9°N，首次揭示了在54-57Ma这一关键时间的亚洲板块最南缘古位置。通过与印度最北缘对比，将印度-欧亚大陆初始碰撞时限限定在约50Ma，并提出晚白垩世-始新世亚洲板块南缘古纬度一直位于北纬24°，在碰撞初始的16Ma，古亚洲板块南缘未发生大量纬向运动，薄的大印度陆壳俯冲下插，并导致喜马拉雅发生大量陆内短缩、原西藏高原的早期隆升；(2)羌塘地体晚白垩世古纬度26.4±3.8°N，羌塘与拉萨地体的碰撞可能最终于晚白垩世结束（碰撞时间上限）；(3)印度-欧亚大陆碰撞所造成的亚洲板块南部南北向内陆短缩为约583km（60Ma之后）以及约737km（70Ma之后），大部分的印度-欧亚大陆汇聚量被大印度板块下插与特提斯喜马拉雅构造短缩所吸收；(4)与稳定欧亚大陆磁极相比较，尼玛盆地晚第三纪以来无构造旋转，而双湖地区晚白垩世以来发生巨大顺时针旋转（约55°）。通过综述相关磁偏角研究结果，本文认为西藏高原各个块体构造旋转在时间与空间上具有较大的不一致性，各个地点的构造旋转与区域构造样式（断层与褶皱）相关。(5)羌塘地体双湖地区阿布山组的沉积时代最可能为晚白垩世，尼玛盆地丁青湖组沉积时代为晚第三纪（约22.5-25Ma）。西藏高原腹地发育多处晚白垩世-晚第三纪冲积扇、辫状河、湖相三角洲的沉积盆地，并且指示干旱的气候类型，表明原西藏高原沉积环境特征早在晚白垩世已经建立。
The Tibetan Plateau, comprising several crustal terranes, has become thenatural geological laboratory for studying plate tectonics and continental dynamics.Convergence events related to a series of Gondwana-derived terranes (e.g., Lhasa andIndia) and Asian continent has produced the uplift of Tibetan Plateau and alsodeformed large parts of Asia. The process of the collision and the tectonic models bywhich the Tibetan Plateau was raised are of global concern for their effects onclimatical and continental dynamics. Tectonic events since Late Mesozoic such ashow and when India collided with Asia, the timing of collision for the Lhasa andQiangtang terranes, how and where convergence between India and Asia wasaccommodated since the collision etc., are still highly debated and hinder ourunderstanding of the dynamic processes governing the kinematic history andstructural development of Asia.
In this thesis, I present new paleomagnetic and sedimentological data from theXigaze forearc basin, Nima basin (Lhasa terrane), and Shuanghu area (Qiangtangterrane). These data show that1) the Xigaze forearc basin was located at24.2±5.9°Nduring54-57Ma, providing for the first time a direct constraint on the position of thesouthernmost margin of Asia at this crucial stage. The age and locus of the initialIndia-Asia collision are at~50Ma and~24°N, respectively. Tibet resisted India’snorthward push during the first~16Ma of initial impactfrom the collision andexperienced little latitudinal displacement. Sometime a little after34Ma, GreaterIndia was consumed and thicker Indian Craton subsequently made contact with Asia,resulting in6°northward drift of Asia:2) Paleomagnetic results show that theQiangtang terrane was located at26.4±3.8°N during Late Cretaceous time.Lhasa-Qiangtang continental collision might finally terminate until the LateCretaceous:3) The paleolatitudes of the Xigaze forearc basin and Qiangtang terranesuggest approximately583km (since60Ma) and737km (since70Ma) of shorteningoccurred in Asian lithosphere. Most of post-50Ma India-Asia convergence partitionedinto Greater India consumed by underthrusting and shortening in the Himalaya:4)When compared with coeval age expected directions of Eurasia, the mean paleomagnetic directions indicate no Late Tertiary vertical-axis rotation of the NimaBasin and significant clockwise rotation (~55°) of the central Qiangtang terrane sinceLate Cretaceous. Rotations are highly variable in magnitude and time within localgeographic areas. The tectonic rotations can be explained as easily by deformationassociated with structures proximal to the sampling localities:5) The integratedsedimentology and magnetostratigraphy provide a maximum likelihood ofdepositional age of Abushan Formation and Dingqinghu Formation, which are LateCretaceous and Late Tertiary (~19-26Ma), respectively. The results from this thesisstudy suggest that the depositional environments (alluvial fan and lacustrine fan-delta)and arid features of the central Tibet have been well established by the LateCretaceous.
引文
Achache J., Courtillot V., Xiu Z.Y. Paleogeographic and tectonic evolution of southern Tibet sincemiddle Cretaceous time: New paleomagnetic data and synthesis. Journal of GeophysicalResearch,1984,89,10311-10339
Acton G. D. Apparent polar wander of India since the Cretaceous with implications for regionaltectonics and true polar wander. Mem. Geol. Soc. India,1999,4,129-175
Acton G. D., Stein S. Engeln J.F.,Block rotation and continental extension in Afar: A comparisonto oceanic microplate systems. Tectonics,1991,10,501-526
Aitchison J.C., Davis A.M. Evidence for the multiphase nature of the India-Asia collision fromthe Yarlung Tsangpo suture zone, Tibet. Aspects of the Tectonic Evolution of China,2004,226,217-233
Aitchison J.C., Ali J.R. India-Asia collision timing. Proceedings of the National Academy ofSciences,2012,109, E2645-E2645.
Aitchison J.C., Ali J.R., Davis A.M. When and where did India and Asia collide? Journal ofGeophysical Research-Solid Earth,2007,112:B05423
Aitchison J.C., Ali J.R., Davis A.M. Reply to comment by Eduardo Garzanti on "When andwhere did India and Asia collide?''. Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth,2008,113:B04412
Aitchison J.C., Davis A.M., Badengzhu B., et al. New constraints on the India-Asia collision: theLower Miocene Gangrinboche conglomerates, Yarlung Tsangpo suture zone, SE Tibet.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2002,21,251-263
Ali J.R., Aitchison J.C. Greater India. Earth-Science Reviews,2005,72,169-188
Ali J.R., Aitchison J.C. Positioning Paleogene Eurasia problem: Solution for60-50Ma andbroader tectonic implications. Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2006,251,148-155
Allegre C., Courtillot V., Tapponnier P., et al. Structure and evolution of the Himalaya-Tibetorogenic belt, Nature,1984,301,17-22
An Z.S., Kutzbach J.E., Prell W.L., et al. Evolution of Asian monsoons and phased uplift of theHimalaya–Tibetan plateau since Late Miocene times. Nature,2001,411,62-66
Appel E., Patzelt A., Chouker C. Secondary Paleoremanence of Tethyan Sediments from theZanskar Range (Nw Himalaya). Geophysical Journal International,1995,122,227-242
Armijo R., Tapponnier P., Tonglin H. Late Cenozoic right-lateral strike-slip faulting in southernTibet. Journal of Geophysical Research,1989,94,2787-2838
Armijo R., Tapponnier P., Mercier J., et al. Quaternary extension in southern Tibet: Fieldobservations and tectonic implications. Journal of Geophysical Research,1986,91,13803-13872
Arzhannikova A., Arzhannikov S., Jolivet M., et al. Pliocene to Quaternary deformation inSouth East Sayan (Siberia): Initiation of the Tertiary compressive phase in the southerntermination of the Baikal Rift System. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2011,40,581-594
Avouac J.P., Tapponnier P. Kinematic model of active deformation in central Asia. GeophysicalResearch Letters,1993,20,895-898
Bai Z.D., Xu, D.B., Zhang, X.J., Zhu, G.X., Sun, L.X. Geological Report and Map of the AndoRegion (1:250,000).2005,1-403.
Barberà X., Cabrera L., Marzo M., et al. A complete terrestrial Oligocenemagnetobiostratigraphy from the Ebro Basin, Spain. Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2001,187,1-16
Batra R. A reinterpretation of the geology and biostratigraphy of the Lower Tertiary Formationsexposed along the Bilaspur–Shimla Highway, Himachal Pradesh, India. Journal of theGeological Society of India,1989,33,503-523
Bazhenov M.L. Mikolaichuk A.V.,Paleomagnetism of Paleogene basalts from the Tien Shan,Kyrgyzstan: rigid Eurasia and dipole geomagnetic field. Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2002,195,155-166
Beck Jr M.E.,On the shape of paleomagnetic data sets. Journal of Geophysical Research,1999,104,25,427-441
Beck R.A., Burbank D.W., Sercombe W.J., et al. Stratigraphic evidence for an early collisionbetween northwest India and Asia. Nature,1995,373,55-58
Besse J., Courtillot V.,Apparent and true polar wander and the geometry of the geomagneticfield over the last200Myr. Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth,2002,107,1-31
Besse J., Courtillot V., Pozzi J., et al.,Paleomagnetic estimates of crustal shortening in theHimalayan thrusts and Zangbo suture. Nature,1984,311,621–626
Biggin A.J., van Hinsbergen D.J.J., Langereis C.G., et al. Geomagnetic secular variation in theCretaceous Normal Superchron and in the Jurassic. Physics of the Earth and PlanetaryInteriors,2008,169,3-19
Blondeau A., Bassoullet J., Colchen M., et al. Disparition des formations marines a l'EoceneInférieur en Himalaya. Evolution des Domaines Orogéniques d'Asie Meridionale (de laTurquie a l'Indonesie), P. Le Fort, M. Colchen and С Montenat, eds., Mem.1986,47,103-111
Burbank D., Beck R.A., Mulder T. The Himalayan foreland basin. Word and Regional Geology,1996,149-190
Burg J.-P., Leyreloup A., Girardeau J., et al. Structure and metamorphism of a tectonicallythickened continental crust: the Yalu Tsangpo suture zone (Tibet). Philosophical Transactionsof the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences,1987,321,67-86
Butler R.F. Paleomagnetism. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Scientific,1992
Cai F., Ding L., Yue Y. Provenance analysis of upper Cretaceous strata in the Tethys Himalaya,southern Tibet: Implications for timing of India–Asia collision. Earth and Planetary ScienceLetters,2011,305,195-206
Cande S.C., Kent D.V. Revised calibration of the geomagnetic polarity timescale for the LateCretaceous and Cenozoic. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth.1995,100,6093-6095
Capitanio F.A., Morra G., Goes S., et al. India-Asia convergence driven by the subduction ofthe Greater Indian continent. Nature Geoscience,2010,3,136-139
Chatterjee S., Goswami A., Scotese C.R. The longest voyage: Tectonic, magmatic, andpaleoclimatic evolution of the Indian plate during its northward flight from Gondwana to Asia.Gondwana Research.2013,23,238-267
Chen J.S., Huang B.C., Sun L.S. New constraints to the onset of the India-Asia collision:Paleomagnetic reconnaissance on the Linzizong Group in the Lhasa Block, China.Tectonophysics,2010,489,189-209
Chen W., Yang T., Zhang S., et al. Paleomagnetic results from the Early Cretaceous ZenongGroup volcanic rocks, Cuoqin, Tibet, and their paleogeographic implications. GondwanaResearch,2012,22,461-469
Chen Y., Cogne J.P., Courtillot V., et al. Cretaceous Paleomagnetic Results from Western Tibetand Tectonic Implications. Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth,1993a,98,17981-17999
Chen Y., Courtillot V., Cogne J.P., et al. The Configuration of Asia Prior to the Collision ofIndia-Cretaceous Paleomagnetic Constraints. Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth,1993b,98,21927-21941
Cheng J., Xu G.,Geologic map of the Gaize region with report. Tibetan Bureau of Geology andMineral Resources (in Chinese),1:1,000,000,1986,369
Cheng J., and Xu, G. Geologic map of the Gaize region with report: Tibetan Bureau of Geologyand Mineral Resources (in Chinese). Tibetan Bur. of Geol. and Miner. Resour, Beijing,1986
Chung S.L., Chu M.F., Ji J.Q., et al. The nature and timing of crustal thickening in SouthernTibet: Geochemical and zircon Hf isotopic constraints from postcollisional adakites.Tectonophysics,2009,477,36-48
Clift P.D., Shimizu N., Layne G.D., et al. Tracing patterns of erosion and drainage in thePaleogene Himalaya through ion probe Pb isotope analysis of detrital K-feldspars in the IndusMolasse, India. Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2001,188,475-491
Coe R.S., Globerman B.R., Plumley P.W., et al., Paleomagentic results from Alaska and theirtectonic implications, in: D. G. Howell (Ed.), Tectonostratigraphic terranes of theCircum-Pacific region: American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Circum-PacificCouncil on Energy and Resources Earth Sciences Series,1985,85-108
Cottle J.M., Searle M.P., Horstwood M.S.A., et al. Timing of Midcrustal Metamorphism,Melting, and Deformation in the Mount Everest Region of Southern Tibet Revealed byU(-Th)-Pb Geochronology. Journal of Geology,2009,117,643-664
Cogné J., Halim N., Chen Y., et al. Resolving the problem of shallow magnetizations ofTertiary age in Asia: insights from paleomagnetic data from the Qiangtang, Kunlun, andQaidam blocks (Tibet, China), and a new hypothesis. Journal of Geophysical Research,1999a,104,17715-17734
Cogné J., Halim N., Chen Y., et al. Resolving the problem of shallow magnetizations ofTertiary age in Asia: insights from paleomagnetic data from the Qiangtang, Kunlun, andQaidam blocks (Tibet, China), and a new hypothesis. Journal of Geophysical Research,1999b,104,17715-17734
Cogné J.P., Besse J., Chen Y., et al. A new Late Cretaceous to Present APWP for Asia and itsimplications for paleomagnetic shallow inclinations in Central Asia and Cenozoic Eurasianplate deformation. Geophysical Journal International,2013,192,1000-1024
Copley A., Avouac J.P., Royer J.Y. India-Asia collision and the Cenozoic slowdown of theIndian plate: Implications for the forces driving plate motions. Journal of GeophysicalResearch-Solid Earth,2010,15, B03410
Copley A., Avouac J.P., Wernicke B.P. Evidence for mechanical coupling and strong Indianlower crust beneath southern Tibet. Nature,2011,472,79-81
Coulon C., Maluski H., Bollinger C., et al. Mesozoic and cenozoic volcanic rocks from centraland southern Tibet:39Ar-40Ar dating, petrological characteristics and geodynamicalsignificance. Earth and Planetary Science Letters,1986,79,281-302
Cox A. Analysis of present geomagnetic field for comparison with paleomagnetic results. J.Geomag. Geoelectr,1962,13,101-112
Coxall H.K., Wilson P.A., P like H., et al. Rapid stepwise onset of Antarctic glaciation anddeeper calcite compensation in the Pacific Ocean. Nature,2005,433,53-57
Creer K. The dispersion of the geomagnetic field due to secular variation and its determinationfor remote times from paleomagnetic data. Journal of Geophysical Research,1962,67,3461-3476
Cunningham D.,Active intracontinental transpressional mountain building in the MongolianAltai: defining a new class of orogen. Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2005,240,436-444
Davis A.M., Aitchison J.C., Badengzhu, et al. Paleogene island arc collision-relatedconglomerates, Yarlung-Tsangpo suture zone, Tibet. Sedimentary Geology,2002,150,247-273
Day R., Fuller M., Schmidt V. Hysteresis properties of titanomagnetites: grain-size andcompositional dependence. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors,1977,13,260-267
De Sigoyer J., Chavagnac V., Blichert-Toft J., et al. Dating the Indian continental subductionand collisional thickening in the northwest Himalaya: Multichronology of the Tso Morarieclogites. Geology,2000,28,487-490
Deamer G.A., Kodama K.P. Compaction-induced inclination shallowing in synthetic andnatural clay-rich sediments. Journal of Geophysical Research,1990,95,4511-4529
DeCelles P.G., Robinson D.M., Zandt G. Implications of shortening in the Himalayanfold-thrust belt for uplift of the Tibetan Plateau. Tectonics,2002,21,1062
DeCelles P.G., Kapp P., Ding L., et al. Late Cretaceous to middle Tertiary basin evolution inthe central Tibetan Plateau: Changing environments in response to tectonic partitioning,aridification, and regional elevation gain. Geological Society of America Bulletin,2007a,119,654-680
DeCelles P.G., Quade J., Kapp P., et al. High and dry in central Tibet during the Late Oligocene.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2007b,253,389-401
Deenen M.H.L., Langereis C.G., van Hinsbergen D.J.J., et al. Geomagnetic secular variationand the statistics of paleomagnetic directions. Geophysical Journal International,2011,186,509-520
Dewey J., CANDE S., Pitman W.C. Tectonic evolution of the India/Eurasia collision zone.Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae,1989,82,717-734
Dewey J.F., Shackleton R.M., Chengfa C., et al. The tectonic evolution of the Tibetan Plateau.Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical andPhysical Sciences,1988,327,379-413
Dickinson W., Seely D., Structure and stratigraphy of forearc regions. Aapg Bulletin,1979,63,2-31
Ding L. Paleocene deep-water sediments and radiolarian faunas: Implications for evolution ofYarlung-Zangbo foreland basin, southern Tibet. Science in China Series D EarthScience-English Edition,2003,46,84-96
Ding L., Kapp P., Wan X.Q. Paleocene-Eocene record of ophiolite obduction and initialIndia-Asia collision, south central Tibet. Tectonics,2005,24,1-18
Ding L., Kapp P., Zhong D.L., et al. Cenozoic volcanism in Tibet: Evidence for a transitionfrom oceanic to continental subduction. Journal of Petrology,2003,44,1833-1865
Duca E. Biogeography: Life after collision. Nature China,2013, doi:10,1038
Dunlop D., and. zdemir. Rock Magnetism: Fundamentals and Frontiers. Cambridge, U. K.Cambridge Univ.,1997
Dunlop D.J. Theory and application of the Day plot (Mrs/Ms versus Hcr/Hc)1. Theoreticalcurves and tests using titanomagnetite data. J. geophys. Res,2002,107, B32056
Dupont-Nivet G., Hoorn C., Konert M. Tibetan uplift prior to the Eocene-Oligocene climatetransition: Evidence from pollen analysis of the Xining Basin. Geology,2008,36,987-990
Dupont-Nivet G., van Hinsbergen D.J.J., Torsvik T.H. Persistently low Asian paleolatitudes:Implications for the India-Asia collision history. Tectonics,2010a,29, TC5016
Dupont-Nivet G., Lippert P.C., van Hinsbergen D.J.J., et al. Paleolatitude and age of theIndo-Asia collision: paleomagnetic constraints. Geophysical Journal International,2010b,182,1189-1198
Dupont-Nivet G., Horton B., Butler R., et al. Paleogene clockwise tectonic rotation of theXining-Lanzhou region, northeastern Tibetan Plateau. Journal of Geophysical Research,2004,109, B04401
Dupont-Nivet G., Krijgsman W., Langereis C.G., et al. Tibetan plateau aridification linked toglobal cooling at the Eocene-Oligocene transition. Nature,2007,445,635-638
Durr S.B. Provenance of Xigaze fore-arc basin clastic rocks (Cretaceous, south Tibet). Bulletinof the Geological Society of America,1996,108,669-684
Ehlers T.A., Poulsen C.J. Influence of Andean uplift on climate and paleoaltimetry estimates.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2009,281,238-248
Einsele G., Liu B., Dürr S., et al. The Xigaze forearc basin: evolution and facies architecture(Cretaceous, Tibet). Sedimentary Geology,1994,90,1-32
England P., Molnar P. Surface uplift, uplift of rocks, and exhumation of rocks. Geology,1990a,18,1173-1177
England P., Molnar P. Right-lateral shear and rotation as the explanation for strike-slip faultingin eastern Tibet. Nature,1990b,344,140-142
England P., Molnar P. Active deformation of Asia: from kinematics to dynamics. Science,1997,278,647-650
Enkin R.J. The direction-correction tilt test: an all-purpose tilt/fold test for paleomagneticstudies. Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2003,212,151-166
Fisher R. Dispersion on a sphere. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A.Mathematical and Physical Sciences,1953,217,295-305
Freund R. Rotation of strike slip faults in Sistan, southeast Iran. The Journal of geology,1970,188-200
Freymueller J.T. Earth science: A new mechanical model for Tibet. Nature,2011,472,48-49
Friend P.F.,General form and age of the denudation system of the Himalaya. Gff,1998,120,231-236
Fu X., Wang J., Zeng Y., et al. Geochemical and palynological investigation of the ShengliRiver marine oil shale (China): implications for paleoenvironment and paleoclimate.International Journal of Coal Geology,2009,78,217-224
Fu X.G., Wang J., Qu W.J., et al. Re-Os (ICP-MS) Dating of marine oil shale in the Qiang Tangbain, northern Tibet, China. Oil Shale,2008,25,47-55
Gabrielse H., Monger J., Wheeler J., et al., Part A. Morphogeological belts, tectonicassemblages, and terranes, in: H. Gabrielse and C. J. Yorath (Eds.), Geology of the CordilleranOrogen in Canada, Geological Survey of Canada,1991,15-28.
Gaina C., Müller R.D., Brown B., et al. Breakup and early seafloor spreading between India andAntarctica. Geophysical Journal International,2007,170,151-169
Garzanti E. Comment on "When and where did India and Asia collide?'' by Jonathan C.Aitchison, Jason R. Ali, and Aileen M. Davis. Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth,2008,13: B04411
Garzanti E., Baud A., Mascle G. Sedimentary record of the northward flight of India and itscollision with Eurasia (Ladakh Himalaya, India). Geodinamica Acta,1987,1,297-312
Garzione C.N. Surface uplift of Tibet and Cenozoic global cooling. Geology,2008,36,1003
Garzione C.N., Dettman D.L., Quade J., et al. High times on the Tibetan Plateau: Paleoelevationof the Thakkhola graben, Nepal. Geology,2000,28,339-342
Gilder S., Chen Y., Sen S. Oligo-Miocene magnetostratigraphy and rock magnetism of theXishuigou section, Subei (Gansu Province, western China) and implications for shallowinclinations in central Asia. Journal of Geophysical Research,2001,106,30505-30521
Gilder S., Chen Y., Cogné J.P., et al. Paleomagnetism of Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceousvolcanic and sedimentary rocks from the western Tarim Basin and implications for inclinationshallowing and absolute dating of the M-0(ISEA?) chron. Earth and Planetary Science Letters.2003,206,587-600
Girardeau J., Marcoux J., Fourcade E., et al. Xainxa ultramafic rocks, central Tibet, China:Tectonic environment and geodynamic significance. Geology,1985,13,330-333
Graham S., Brassell S., Carroll A., et al. Characteristics of Selected Petroleum Source Rocks,Xianjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Northwest China (1). Aapg Bulletin,1990,74,493-512
Green O.R., Searle M.P., Corfield R.I., et al. Cretaceous-tertiary carbonate platform evolutionand the age of the India-Asia collision along the Ladakh Himalaya (northwest India). Journalof Geology,2008,116,331-353
Gubbins D. Herrero-Bervera E., Encyclopedia of geomagnetism and paleomagnetism. KluwerAcademic Pub,2007,1022
Guillot S., Replumaz A., Hattori K.H., et al. Initial geometry of western Himalaya andultrahigh-pressure metamorphic evolution. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2007,30,557-564
Guillot S., Mahéo G., De Sigoyer J., et al. Tethyan and Indian subduction viewed from theHimalayan high-to ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks. Tectonophysics,2008,451,225-241
Guillot S., Garzanti E., Baratoux D., et al. Reconstructing the total shortening history of the NWHimalaya. Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems,2003,4,1064
Guynn J.H., Kapp P., Pullen A., et al. Tibetan basement rocks near Amdo reveal “missing”Mesozoic tectonism along the Bangong suture, central Tibet. Geology,2006,34,505-508
Hacker B., Luffi P., Lutkov V., et al. Near-ultrahigh pressure processing of continental crust:Miocene crustal xenoliths from the Pamir. Journal of Petrology,2005,46,1661-1687
Halim N., Cogné J., Chen Y., et al. New Cretaceous and Early Tertiary paleomagnetic resultsfrom Xining-Lanzhou basin, Kunlun and Qiangtang blocks, China: Implications on thegeodynamic evolution of Asia. Journal of Geophysical Research,1998,103,21025-21045
Halls H. The use of converging remagnetization circles in paleomagnetism. Physics of the Earthand Planetary Interiors,1978,16,1-11
Hankard F., Cogné J.P., Kravchinsky V. A new Late Cretaceous paleomagnetic pole for thewest of Amuria block (Khurmen Uul, Mongolia). Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2005,236,359-373
Hankard F., Cogné J.P., Quidelleur X., et al. Paleomagnetism and K–Ar dating of Cretaceousbasalts from Mongolia. Geophysical Journal International,2007a,169,898-908
Hankard F., Cogné J.P., Kravchinsky V.A., et al. New Tertiary paleomagnetic poles fromMongolia and Siberia at40,30,20, and13Ma: Clues on the inclination shallowing problem incentral Asia. J. geophys. Res,2007b,112, B02101
Harris N., Inger S., Ronghua X. Cretaceous plutonism in Central Tibet: an example ofpost-collision magmatism? Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research,1990,44,21-32
He S.D., Kapp P., DeCelles P.G., et al. Cretaceous-Tertiary geology of the Gangdese Arc in theLinzhou area, southern Tibet. Tectonophysics,2007,433,15-37
Hodges K.V. Tectonics of the Himalaya and southern Tibet from two perspectives. GeologicalSociety of America Bulletin,2000,112,324-350
Holt W.E., Haines A.J. Velocity-Fields in Deforming Asia from the Inversion ofEarthquake-Released Strains. Tectonics,1993,12,1-20
Holt W.E., Li M., Haines A.J. Earthquake Strain Rates and Instantaneous Relative Motionswithin Central and Eastern Asia. Geophysical Journal International,1995,122,569-593
Holt W.E., Chamotrooke N., Le Pichon X., et al. Velocity field in Asia inferred fromQuaternary fault slip rates and Global Positioning System observations. Journal ofGeophysical Research-Solid Earth,2000,105,19185-19209
Horton B.K., Yin A., Spurlin M.S., et al. Paleocene-Eocene syncontractional sedimentation innarrow, lacustrine-dominated basins of east-central Tibet. Geological Society of AmericaBulletin,2002,114,771-786
Horton B., Dupont‐Nivet G., Zhou J., Waanders G., Butler R., Wang J.,2004Mesozoic-Cenozoic evolution of the Xining-Minhe and Dangchang basins, northeasternTibetan Plateau: Magnetostratigraphic and biostratigraphic results. Journal of GeophysicalResearch: Solid Earth.109, B04402.
Houseman G., England P. Finite strain calculations of continental deformation1. Method andgeneral results for convergent zones. Journal of Geophysical Research,1986,91,3651-3663
Hu X., Sinclair H.D., Wang J., et al. Late Cretaceous‐Paleogene stratigraphic and basinevolution in the Zhepure Mountain of southern Tibet: implications for the timing of India‐Asia initial collision. Basin Research,2012,24,520–543
Huang B., Piper J.D.A., Wang Y., et al. Paleomagnetic and geochronological constraints on thepost-collisional northward convergence of the southwest Tian Shan, NW China.Tectonophysics,2005,409,107-124
Huang K.N., Opdyke N.D., Li J.G., et al. Paleomagnetism of Cretaceous Rocks from EasternQiangtang Terrane of Tibet. Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth,1992,97,1789-1799
Irving E. Paleomagnetic and paleoclimatological aspects of polar wandering. Pure and AppliedGeophysics,1956,33,23-41
Jadoul F., Berra F., Garzanti E. The Tethys Himalayan passive margin from Late Triassic toEarly Cretaceous (South Tibet). Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,1998,16,173-194
Ji W.Q., Wu F.Y., Liu C.Z., et al. Geochronology and petrogenesis of granitic rocks inGangdese batholith, southern Tibet. Science in China Series D-Earth Sciences,2009a,52,1240-1261
Ji W.Q., Wu F.Y., Chung S.L., et al. Zircon U-Pb geochronology and Hf isotopic constraints onpetrogenesis of the Gangdese batholith, southern Tibet. Chemical Geology,2009b,262,229-245
Johnson B., Powell C.M.A., Veevers J. Spreading history of the eastern Indian Ocean andGreater India's northward flight from Antarctica and Australia. Geological Society of AmericaBulletin,1976,87,1560-1566
Johnson B., Powell C.M.A., Veevers J. Early spreading history of the Indian Ocean betweenIndia and Australia. Earth and Planetary Science Letters,1980,47,131-143
Johnson C., Constable C., Tauxe L., et al. Recent investigations of the0–5Ma geomagneticfield recorded by lava flows. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst,2008,9, Q04032
Johnson M.R.W. Shortening budgets and the role of continental subduction during theIndia-Asia collision. Earth-Science Reviews,2002,59,101-123
Kapp P., Yin A., Harrison T., et al. Cretaceous-Tertiary shortening, basin development, andvolcanism in central Tibet. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America,2005,117,865-878
Kapp P., DeCelles P.G., Gehrels G.E., et al. Geological records of the Lhasa-Qiangtang andIndo-Asian collisions in the Nima area of central Tibet. Geological Society of AmericaBulletin,2007a,119,917-933
Kapp P., Murphy M.A., Yin A., et al. Mesozoic and Cenozoic tectonic evolution of theShiquanhe area of western Tibet. Tectonics,2003,22,1029
Kapp P., Yin A., Manning C.E., et al. Blueschist-bearing metamorphic core complexes in theQiangtang block reveal deep crustal structure of northern Tibet. Geology,2000,28,19-22
Kapp P., DeCelles P., Leier A., et al. The Gangdese retroarc thrust belt revealed. GSA Today,2007b,17,4, doi:10.1130/GSAT01707A.1
Kent D.V., Tauxe L. Corrected Late Triassic latitudes for continents adjacent to the NorthAtlantic. Science,2005,307,240-244
Kent D.V., Muttoni G. Equatorial convergence of India and early Cenozoic climate trends.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,2008,105,16065-16070
King R. The remanent magnetism of artificially deposited sediments. Geophysical JournalInternational,1955,7,115-134
Kirschvink J. The least‐squares line and plane and the analysis of paleomagnetic data.Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society,1980,62,699-718
Kletetschka G., Wasilewski P.J., Taylor P.T. Hematite vs. magnetite as the signature forplanetary magnetic anomalies? Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors,2000,119,259-267
Klootwijk C.T., Gee J.S., Peirce J.W., et al. An Early India-Asia Contact-PaleomagneticConstraints from Ninetyeast Ridge, Odp Leg121. Geology,1992,20,395-398
Lai S., Qin J., Li Y., et al. Cenozoic volcanic rocks in the Belog Co area, Qiangtang, northernTibet, China: Petrochemical evidence for partial melting of the mantle-crust transition zone.Chinese Journal of Geochemistry,2007,26,305-311
Langin W.R., Brown L.D. Sandvol E.A. Seismicity of central Tibet from Project INDEPTH IIIseismic recordings. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2003,93,2146-2159
Lee H.Y., Chung S.L., Lo C.H., et al. Eocene Neotethyan slab breakoff in southern Tibetinferred from the Linzizong volcanic record. Tectonophysics,2009,477,20-35
Lee T.Y., Lawver L.A. Cenozoic plate reconstruction of Southeast Asia. Tectonophysics,1995,251,85-138
Leech M.L., Singh S., Jain A.K. Continuous metamorphic zircon growth and interpretation ofU-Pb SHRIMP dating: An example from the western Himalaya. International Geology Review,2007,49,313-328
Leech M.L., Singh S., Jain A.K., et al. The onset of India-Asia continental collision: Early,steep subduction required by the timing of UHP metamorphism in the western Himalaya.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2005,234,83-97
Leeder M., Smith A., Jixiang Y. Sedimentology, paleoecology and paleoenvironmentalevolution of the1985Lhasa to Golmud Geotraverse. Philosophical Transactions of the RoyalSociety of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences,1988,327,107-143
Leier A. Ph.D. Dissertation. The Cretaceous evolution of the Lhasa terrane, southern Tibet.USA, University of Arizona,2005
Leier A.L., DeCelles P.G., Kapp P., et al. The Takena Formation of the Lhasa terrane, southernTibet: The record of a Late Cretaceous retroarc foreland basin. Bulletin of the GeologicalSociety of America,2007a,119,31
Leier A.L., Decelles P.G., Kapp P., et al. Lower cretaceous strata in the Lhasa Terrane, Tibet,with implications for understanding the early tectonic history of the Tibetan plateau. Journal ofSedimentary Research,2007b,77,809-825
Leloup P., Tapponnier P., Lacassin R., et al. Discussion on the role of the Red River shear zone,Yunnan and Vietnam, in the continental extrusion of SE Asia Journal, Vol.163,2006,1025-1036. Journal of the Geological Society,2007,164,1253-1260
Li J.-T., Li Y., Klaus S., et al. Diversification of rhacophorid frogs provides evidence foraccelerated faunal exchange between India and Eurasia during the Oligocene. Proceedings ofthe National Academy of Sciences,2013a,110,3441-3446
Li J., Batten D.J. Early Cretaceous palynofloras from the Tanggula Mountains of the northernQinghai-Xizang (Tibet) plateau, China. Cretaceous Research,2004,25,531-542
Li J., Batten D.J., Zhang Y. Late Cretaceous palynofloras from the southern Laurasian marginin the Xigaze region, Xizang (Tibet). Cretaceous Research,2008a,29,294-300
Li J.G., Batten D.J., Zhang Y.Y. Palynological indications of environmental changes during theLate Cretaceous-Eocene on the southern continental margin of Laurasia, Xizang (Tibet).Paleogeography, Paleoclimatology, Paleoecology,2008b,265,78-86
Li S., Deng C., Yao H., et al. Magnetostratigraphy of the Dali Basin in Yunnan and implicationsfor late Neogene rotation of the southeast margin of the Tibetan Plateau. Journal ofGeophysical Research: Solid Earth,2013b, online, DOI:10.1002/jgrb.50129
Li X., Wang C.S., Yi H.S., et al. Middle Cretaceous and Eocene lithofacies and paleogeographyin Tibet. Regional Geology of China,2001,20,82-89
Li X.H., Wang C.S., Luba J., et al. Age of initiation of the India-Asia collision in theeast-central Himalaya: A discussion. Journal of Geology,2006,114,637-640
Li Y., Wang C., Ma C., et al. The Cretaceous tectonic event in the Qiangtang Basin and itsimplications for hydrocarbon accumulation. Petroleum Science,2010,7,466-471
Li Y., He J., Wang C., et al. Late Cretaceous K-rich magmatism in central Tibet: Evidence forearly elevation of the Tibetan plateau? Lithos,2012,160-161,1-13
Liebke U., Appel E., Ding L., et al. Age constraints on the India-Asia collision derived fromsecondary remanences of Tethyan Himalayan sediments from the Tingri area. Journal of AsianEarth Sciences,2012,62,329-340
Liebke U., Appel E., Ding L., et al. Position of the Lhasa terrane prior to India-Asia collisionderived from paleomagnetic inclinations of53Ma old dykes of the Linzhou Basin: constraintson the age of collision and post-collisional shortening within the Tibetan Plateau. GeophysicalJournal International,2010,182,1199-1215
Lin J., Watts D. Paleomagnetic Constraints on Himalayan--Tibetan Tectonic Evolution.Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical andPhysical Sciences,1988a,326,177
Lin J.L., Watts D.R. Paleomagnetic results from the Tibetan Plateau. Philosophical Transactionsof the Royal Society of London, Series A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences,1988b,327,239-262
Linder J., Gilder S.A., Latitude dependency of the geomagnetic secular variation S parameter:A mathematical artifact. Geophysical Research Letters,2012,39, L02308
Lippert P. Ph.D. Dissertation. The Paleogene Latitude and Altitude of Central Tibet.2011, USA,University of California at Santa Cruz.
Lippert P., Dupont-Nivet G., Van Hinsbergen D., et al. Timing and Distribution of TectonicRotations in the Lhasa and Qiangtang Terranes, AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts,2011a,2375
Lippert P.C., Zhao X., Coe R.S., et al. Paleomagnetism and40Ar/39Ar geochronology of upperPaleogene volcanic rocks from Central Tibet: implications for the Central Asia inclinationanomaly, the paleolatitude of Tibet and post-50Ma shortening within Asia. GeophysicalJournal International,2011b,184,131-161
Liu G., Einsele G. Sedimentary History of the Tethyan Basin in the Tibetan Himalayas.Geologische Rundschau,1994,83,32-61
Liu Z. Geologic map of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and its neighboring regions (scale at1:1,500,000), Chengdu Inst. of Geol. and Miner. Resour., Geol. Publ. House, Beijing.1988
Liu Z., Wang C. Facies analysis and depositional systems of Cenozoic sediments in the Hoh Xilbasin, northern Tibet. Sedimentary Geology,2001a,140,251-270
Liu Z.F., Wang C.S. Facies analysis and depositional systems of Cenozoic sediments in the HohXil basin, northern Tibet. Sedimentary Geology,2001b,140,251-270
Liu Z.F., Wang C.S., Yi H.S. Evolution and mass accumulation of the Cenozoic Hoh Xil basin,northern Tibet. Journal of Sedimentary Research,2001,71,971-984
Liu Z.F., Zhao X.X., Wang C.S., et al. Magnetostratigraphy of Tertiary sediments from the HohXil Basin: implications for the Cenozoic tectonic history of the Tibetan Plateau. GeophysicalJournal International,2003,154,233-252
Long S., McQuarrie N., Tobgay T., et al. Geometry and crustal shortening of the Himalayanfold-thrust belt, eastern and central Bhutan. Geological Society of America Bulletin,2011,123,1427-1447
Loope D.B., Dingus L., Swisher C.C., et al. Life and death in a Late Cretaceous dune field,Nemegt basin, Mongolia. Geology,1998,26,27-30
López-Blanco M. Sedimentary response to thrusting and fold growing on the SE margin of theEbro basin (Paleogene, NE Spain). Sedimentary Geology,2002,146,133-154
López-Blanco M., Marzo M., Burbank D., et al. Tectonic and climatic controls on thedevelopment of foreland fan deltas: Montserrat and Sant Lloren del Munt systems (MiddleEocene, Ebro Basin, NE Spain). Sedimentary Geology,2000,138,17-39
Matte P., Tapponnier P., Arnaud N., et al. Tectonics of Western Tibet, between the Tarim andthe Indus. Earth and Planetary Science Letters.1996,142,311-316
McElhinny M. Statistical significance of the fold test in paleomagnetism. Geophysical Journalof the Royal Astronomical Society,1964,8,338-340
McFadden P. A new fold test for paleomagnetic studies. Geophysical Journal International,1990,103,163-169
McFadden P., Lowes F. The discrimination of mean directions drawn from Fisher distributions.Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society,1981,67,19-33
McFadden P., McElhinny M. The combined analysis of remagnetization circles and directobservations in paleomagnetism. Earth and Planetary Science Letters,1988,87,161-172
McFadden P., McElhinny M. Classification of the reversal test in paleomagnetism. GeophysicalJournal International,1990,103,725-729
McFadden P., Merrill R., McElhinny M., et al. Reversals of the Earth's magnetic field andtemporal variations of the dynamo families. Journal of Geophysical Research,1991,96,3923-3933
McKenzie D., Jackson J. The relationship between strain rates, crustal thickening,paleomagnetism, finite strain and fault movements within a deforming zone. Earth andPlanetary Science Letters,1983,65,182-202
Meng J., Wang C., Zhao X., et al. India-Asia collision was at24uN and50Ma: paleomagneticproof from southernmost Asia. Sci. Rep,2012,2,925
Miall A.D. Lithofacies types and vertical profile models in braided river deposits: a summary.Fluvial sedimentology,1978,5,597-604
Miall A.D. Principles of sedimentary basin analysis. Berlin: Springer,1990,
Molnar P., Tapponnier P. Cenozoic tectonics of Asia: effects of a continental collision. Science,1975,189,419-426
Molnar P., Lyon-Caent H. Fault plane solutions of earthquakes and active tectonics of theTibetan Plateau and its margins. Geophysical Journal International,1989,99,123-154
Molnar P., Stock J.M. Slowing of India's convergence with Eurasia since20Ma and itsimplications for Tibetan mantle dynamics. Tectonics,2009,28, TC3001
Morris E.R., Schillinger W., Coe R.S., et al. Automating the2G superconducting rockmagnetometer for single-solenoid alternating field demagnetization. Geochem. Geophys.Geosyst.2009,10, Q05Y05
Müller R.D., Sdrolias M., Gaina C., et al. Age, spreading rates, and spreading asymmetry of theworld's ocean crust. Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems,2008,9, Q04006
Murphy M., Yin A., Kapp P., et al. Southward propagation of the Karakoram fault system,southwest Tibet: Timing and magnitude of slip. Geology,2000,28,451-454
Nábělek J., Hetényi G., Vergne J., et al. Underplating in the Himalaya-Tibet collision zonerevealed by the Hi-CLIMB experiment. Science,2009,325,1371-1374
Najman Y.,The detrital record of orogenesis: A review of approaches and techniques used in theHimalayan sedimentary basins. Earth-Science Reviews,2006,74,1-72
Najman Y., Appel E., Boudagher-Fadel M., et al. Timing of India-Asia collision: Geological,biostratigraphic, and paleomagnetic constraints. J. geophys. Res,2010,115, B12416
Nelson M.R., Jones C.H. Paleomagnetism and crustal rotations along a shear zone, Las VegasRange, southern Nevada. Tectonics,1987,6,13-33
Niu Y., O'Hara M.J., Pearce J.A. Initiation of subduction zones as a consequence of lateralcompositional buoyancy contrast within the lithosphere: a petrological perspective. Journal ofPetrology,2003,44,851-866
Ogg J., Smith, A.G., The geomagnetic polarity time scale, in: F. M. Gradstein, Ogg, J.G.,Smith,A.G.(Ed.), A Geological Time Scale2004, Cambridge: Cambridge University,2004
Otofuji Y., Inoue Y., Funahara S., et al. Paleomagnetic study of eastern Tibet—deformation ofthe Three Rivers region. Geophysical Journal International,1990,103,85-94
Patriat P., Achache J. India–Eurasia collision chronology has implications for crustal shorteningand driving mechanism of plates. Nature,1984,311,615-621
Patriat P., Segoufin J. Reconstruction of the central Indian Ocean. Tectonophysics,1988,155,211-234
Patzelt A., Li H.M., Wang J.D., et al. Paleomagnetism of Cretaceous to Tertiary sediments fromsouthern Tibet: Evidence for the extent of the northern margin of India prior to the collisionwith Eurasia. Tectonophysics,1996,259,259-284
Pearce J.A., Houjun M. Volcanic rocks of the1985Tibet geotraverse: Lhasa to Golmud.Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical andPhysical Sciences,1988,327,169-201
Peltzer G., Tapponnier P. Formation and Evolution of Strike-Slip Faults, Rifts, and Basinsduring the India-Asia Collision-an Experimental Approach. Journal of GeophysicalResearch-Solid Earth and Planets,1988,93,15085-15117
Peltzer G., Saucier F. Present-day kinematics of Asia derived from geologic fault rates. Journalof Geophysical Research-Solid Earth,1996,101,27943-27956
Powell C.M.A. Conaghan P.,Plate tectonics and the Himalayas. Earth and Planetary ScienceLetters,1973,20,1-12
Pozzi J., Westphal M., Girardeau J., et al. Paleomagnetism of the Xigaze ophiolite and flysch(Yarlung Zangbo suture zone, southern Tibet): latitude and direction of spreading. Earth andPlanetary Science Letters,1984,70,383-394
Pozzi J.P., Westphal M., Zhou Y.X., et al. Position of the Lhasa block, South Tibet, during thelate Cretaceous. Nature,1982,297,319-321
Ran B., Wang C., Zhao X., et al. Dimension of Greater India in the early Mesozoic:paleomagnetic constraints from Triassic sediments in the Tethyan Himalaya. Journal of AsianEarth Sciences,2011,53,15–24
Ratschbacher L., Frisch W., Liu G.H., et al. Distributed Deformation in Southern and WesternTibet during and after the India-Asia Collision. Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth,1994,99,19917-19945
Ratschbacher L., Krumrei I., Blumenwitz M., et al. Rifting and strike-slip shear in central Tibetand the geometry, age and kinematics of upper crustal extension in Tibet. Geological Society,London, Special Publications,2011,353,127-163
Raymo M.E., Ruddiman W.F., Froelich P.N. Influence of late Cenozoic mountain building onocean geochemical cycles. Geology,1988,16,649
Replumaz A., Tapponnier P. Reconstruction of the deformed collision zone between India andAsia by backward motion of lithospheric blocks. Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth,2003,108,2285
Rowley D.B. Age of initiation of collision between India and Asia: A review of stratigraphicdata. Earth and Planetary Science Letters,1996,145,1-13
Rowley D.B. Minimum age of initiation of collision between India and Asia north of Everestbased on the subsidence history of the Zhepure Mountain section. Journal of Geology,1998,106,229-235
Rowley D.B. Currie B.S.,Paleo-altimetry of the late Eocene to Miocene Lunpola basin, centralTibet. Nature,2006,439,677-681
Royden L.H., Burchfiel B.C., van der Hilst R.D. The geological evolution of the TibetanPlateau. Science,2008a,321,1054-1058
Royden L.H., Burchfiel B.C., Van der Hilst R.D. The geological evolution of the TibetanPlateau. Science,2008b,321,1054
Runcorn S.K. Paleomagnetic comparisons between Europe and North America. Proc. Geol.Assoc. Canada,1956,8,77-85
Schneider W., Mattern F., Wang P., et al. Tectonic and sedimentary basin evolution of theeastern Bangong-Nujiang zone (Tibet): A Reading cycle. International Journal of EarthSciences,2003,92,228-254
Searle M. Geological evidence against large-scale pre-Holocene offsets along the Karakoramfault: Implications for the limited extrusion of the Tibetan Plateau. Tectonics,1996,15,171-186
Searle M., Corfield R.I., Stephenson B., et al. Structure of the North Indian continental marginin the Ladakh-Zanskar Himalayas: Implications for the timing of obduction of the Spontangophiolite, India-Asia collision and deformation events in the Himalaya. Geological Magazine,1997,134,297-316
Searle M., Windley B., Coward M., et al. The closing of Tethys and the tectonics of theHimalaya. Geological Society of America Bulletin,1987,98,678-701
Searle M.P., Khan M.A., Fraser J.E., et al. The tectonic evolution of the Kohistan-Karakoramcollision belt along the Karakoram Highway transect, north Pakistan. Tectonics,1999,18,929-949
Shen Z.K., Zhao C.K., Yin A., et al. Contemporary crustal deformation in east Asia constrainedby Global Positioning System measurements. Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth,2000,105,5721-5734
Si J., Voo R.V. Too‐low magnetic inclinations in central Asia: an indication of a long‐termTertiary non‐dipole field? Terra Nova,2001,13,471-478
Smith N.D. Sedimentology and bar formation in the upper Kicking Horse River, a braidedoutwash stream. The Journal of geology,1974,205-223
St-Onge M.R., Rayner N., Searle M.P. Zircon age determinations for the Ladakh batholith atChumathang (Northwest India): Implications for the age of the India-Asia collision in theLadakh Himalaya. Tectonophysics,2010,495,171-183
Sun D.L., Xu J.T.1991Outline of Permian, Jurassic and Cretaceous strata in Rutog region,Xizang (Tibet). in: D. L. Sun, Xu, J.T.(Ed.), The Permian.: Jurassic, and CretaceousStratigraphy and Paleontology in the Rutog Area, Tibet (China). Nanjing: Nanjing UniversityPress,1-41.
Sun J.M., Zhu R.X., An Z.S. Tectonic uplift in the northern Tibetan Plateau since13.7Ma agoinferred from molasse deposits along the Altyn Tagh Fault. Earth and Planetary ScienceLetters,2005,235,641-653
Sun Z., Pei J., Li H., et al. Paleomagnetism of late Cretaceous sediments from southern Tibet:Evidence for the consistent paleolatitudes of the southern margin of Eurasia prior to thecollision with India. Gondwana Research,2012,21,53-63
Sun Z J.W., Pei JL, Li H. New early Cretaceous paleomagnetic data from volcanic of theeastern Lhasa Block and its tectonic implications. Acta Petrol Sin,2008,24,1621–1626
Sun Z.M., Jiang W., Li H.B., et al. New paleomagnetic results of Paleocene volcanic rocks fromthe Lhasa block: Tectonic implications for the collision of India and Asia. Tectonophysics,2010,490,257-266
Swanson-Hysell N., Barbeau Jr D.L. The diachroneity of alluvial-fan lithostratigraphy? A testcase from southeastern Ebro basin magnetostratigraphy. Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2007,262,343-362
Tan F W, Wang J, T L.Y. Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous strata and their sedimentarycharacteristics in the Qiangtang Basin, northern Tibet. Geology in China,2004,31,20-27
Tan X., Kodama K.P., Gilder S., et al. Rock magnetic evidence for inclination shallowing in thePassaic Formation red beds from the Newark basin and a systematic bias of the Late Triassicapparent polar wander path for North America. Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2007,254,345-357
Tan X., Kodama K.P., Chen H., et al. Paleomagnetism and magnetic anisotropy of Cretaceousred beds from the Tarim basin, northwest China: Evidence for a rock magnetic cause ofanomalously shallow paleomagnetic inclinations from central Asia. Journal of GeophysicalResearch,2003,108,2107
Tan X.D., Gilder S., Kodama K.P., et al. New paleomagnetic results from the Lhasa block:Revised estimation of latitudinal shortening across Tibet and implications for dating theIndia-Asia collision. Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2010,293,396-404
Tapponnier P., Peltzer G., Armijo R. On the mechanics of the collision between India and Asia.Geological Society, London, Special Publications,1986,19,113-157
Tapponnier P., Armijo R., Manighetti I., et al. Bookshelf faulting and horizontal block rotationsbetween overlapping rifts in southern Afar. Geophysical Research Letters,1990,17,1-4
Tapponnier P., Peltzer G., Le Dain A., et al. Propagating extrusion tectonics in Asia: Newinsights from simple experiments with plasticine. Geology,1982,10,611-616
Tapponnier P., Zhiqin X., Roger F., et al. Oblique stepwise rise and growth of the Tibet Plateau.Science,2001,294,1671
Tauxe L. Inclination flattening and the geocentric axial dipole hypothesis. Earth and PlanetaryScience Letters,2005,233,247-261
Tauxe L., Kent D.V. A simplified statistical model for the geomagnetic field and the detectionof shallow bias in paleomagnetic inclinations: was the ancient magnetic field dipolar.Timescales of the Paleomagnetic field,2004,145,101-115
Tauxe L., Mullender T., Pick T. Potbellies, wasp-waists, and superparamagnetism in magnetichysteresis. Journal of Geophysical Research-all Series,1996,101,571-583
Taylor M., Yin A., Ryerson F., et al. Conjugate strike-slip faulting along the Bangong-Nujiangsuture zone accommodates coeval east-west extension and north-south shortening in theinterior of the Tibetan Plateau. Tectonics,2003b,22,1044
Thomas J.C., Chauvin A., Gapais D., et al. Paleomagnetic Evidence for Cenozoic BlockRotations in the Tajik Depression (Central-Asia). Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth,1994,99,15141-15160
Thomas J.C., Lanza R., Kazansky A., et al. Paleomagnetic study of Cenozoic sediments fromthe Zaisan basin (SE Kazakhstan) and the Chuya depression (Siberian Altai): tectonicimplications for central Asia. Tectonophysics,2002,351,119-137
Tong Y., Yang Z.Y., Zheng L., et al. Early Paleocene paleomagnetic results from southernTibet, and tectonic implications. International Geology Review,2008,50,546-562
Torsvik T.H., Muller R.D., Van der Voo R., et al. Global plate motion frames: Toward a unifiedmodel. Reviews of Geophysics,2008,46,1-44
Torsvik T.H., Paulsen T.S., Hughes N.C., et al. The Tethyan Himalaya: paleogeographical andtectonic constraints from Ordovician paleomagnetic data. Journal of the Geological Society,2009,166,679-687
Torsvik T.H., Van der Voo R., Preeden U., et al. Phanerozoic polar wander, paleogeographyand dynamics. Earth-Science Reviews,2012,114,325–368
Van der Voo R. The reliability of paleomagnetic data. Tectonophysics,1990,184,1-9
Van der Voo R., Torsvik T.H. Evidence for late Paleozoic and Mesozoic non-dipole fieldsprovides an explanation for the Pangea reconstruction problems. Earth and Planetary ScienceLetters,2001,187,71-81
van Hinsbergen D.J.J., Steinberger B., Doubrovine P.V., et al. Acceleration and deceleration ofIndia-Asia convergence since the Cretaceous: Roles of mantle plumes and continental collision.Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth,2011a,116, B06101
van Hinsbergen D.J.J., Kapp P., Dupont-Nivet G., et al. Restoration of Cenozoic deformation inAsia and the size of Greater India. Tectonics,2011b,30, TC5003
van Hinsbergen D.J.J., Lippertc P.C., Dupont-Nivet G., et al. Reply to Aitchison and Ali:Reconciling Himalayan ophiolite and Asian magmatic arc records with a two-stage India-Asiacollision model. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,2012a,109, E2646
van Hinsbergen D.J.J., Lippert P.C., Dupont-Nivet G., et al. Greater India Basin hypothesis anda two-stage Cenozoic collision between India and Asia. Proceedings of the National Academyof Sciences,2012b,109,7659-7664
Veevers J., Powell C.M.A., Johnson B. Greater India's place in Gondwanaland and in Asia.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,1975,27,383-387
Verosub K.L. Depositional and postdepositional processes in the magnetization of sediments.Reviews of Geophysics,1977,15,129-143
Wan X., Zhao W., Li G. Restudy of the upper Cretaceous in Gamba, Tibet. Geosciences,2000,14,281-285
Wang C., Li X., Hu X., et al. Latest marine horizon north of Qomolangma (Mt Everest):Implications for closure of Tethys seaway and collision tectonics. Terra Nova,2002,14,114-120
Wang C., Li X., Liu Z., et al. Revision of the Cretaceous-Paleogene stratigraphic framework,facies architecture and provenance of the Xigaze forearc basin along the Yarlung Zangbosuture zone. Gondwana Research,2011a,22,415-433
Wang C.S., Yi H.S. Geology Evolution and Oil and Gas Prospect Evaluation of QiangtangBasin in Tibet Beijing: Geological Publishing House,2001
Wang C.S., Zhao X.X., Liu Z.F., et al. Constraints on the early uplift history of the TibetanPlateau. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2008,105,4987-4992
Wang J.G., Hu X.M., Jansa L., et al. Provenance of the Upper Cretaceous-Eocene Deep-WaterSandstones in Sangdanlin, Southern Tibet: Constraints on the Timing of Initial India-AsiaCollision. Journal of Geology,2011b,119,293-309
Wang Q., Zhang P.Z., Freymueller J.T., et al. Present-day crustal deformation in Chinaconstrained by global positioning system measurements. Science,2001,294,574
Westphal M., Pozzi J.P., Zhou Y.X., et al. Paleomagnetic data about southern Tibet(Xizang)—The Cretaceous formations of the Lhasa block. Geophysical Journal of the RoyalAstronomical Society,1983,73,507-521
White L., Lister G. The collision of India with Asia. Journal of Geodynamics,2012,56,7-17
White L., Ahmad T., Lister G., et al. Is the switch from I-to S-type magmatism in theHimalayan Orogen indicative of the collision of India and Eurasia? Australian Journal of EarthSciences,2012,59,321-340
Willems H., Zhang B. Cretaceous and lower Tertiary sediments of the Tibetan Tethys Himalayain the area of Tingri (South Tibet, PR China). Geoscientific Investigation in the TethyanHimalayas. Berichte aus dem Fachbereich Geowissenschaften der Universit t Bremen,1993,38,28-47
Willems H., Zhou Z., Zhang B., et al. Stratigraphy of the Upper Cretaceous and Lower TertiaryStrata in the Tethyan Himalayas of Tibet (Tingri area, China). Geologische Rundschau,1996,85,723-754
Wortmann U.G. Paytan A. Rapid variability of seawater chemistry over the past130millionyears. Science,2012,337,334-336
Wu F.Y., Clift P.D., Yang J.H. Zircon Hf isotopic constraints on the sources of the IndusMolasse, Ladakh Himalaya, India. Tectonics,2007,26, TC2014
Xu R.-H., Sch rer U. Allègre C.J.,Magmatism and metamorphism in the Lhasa block (Tibet): Ageochronological study. The Journal of geology,1985,41-57
XZBGM, Regional Geology of Xizang Autonomous Region, China, with geologic map (1:1500000). Beijing: Geological Publishing House,1993
Yan M., VanderVoo R., Fang X., et al. Paleomagnetic evidence for a mid-Miocene clockwiserotation of about25of the Guide Basin area in NE Tibet. Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2006,241,234-247
Yang Z.Y., Besse J. Paleomagnetic Study of Permian and Mesozoic Sedimentary-Rocks fromNorthern Thailand Supports the Extrusion Model for Indo-China. Earth and Planetary ScienceLetters,1993,117,525-551
Yi H.S., Lin J.H., Zhao B., et al. New biostratigrahic data of the Qiangtang area in the NorthernTibetsn Plateau. Geological Review (China),2003,49,59-65
Yi Z., Huang B., Chen J., et al. Paleomagnetism of early Paleogene marine sediments insouthern Tibet, China: Implications to onset of the India-Asia collision and size of GreaterIndia. Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2011,309,153-165
Yin A. Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the Himalayan orogen as constrained by along-strikevariation of structural geometry, exhumation history, and foreland sedimentation.Earth-Science Reviews,2006,76,1-131
Yin A., Harrison T.M. Geologic evolution of the Himalayan-Tibetan orogen. Annual Review ofEarth and Planetary Sciences,2000,28,211-280
Yin A., Taylor M.H. Mechanics of V-shaped conjugate strike-slip faults and the correspondingcontinuum mode of continental deformation. Geological Society of America Bulletin,2011,123,1798-1821
Yin A., Rumelhart P.E., Butler R., et al. Tectonic history of the Altyn Tagh fault system innorthern Tibet inferred from Cenozoic sedimentation. Geological Society of America Bulletin,2002,114,1257-1295
Yin J., Xu J., Liu C., et al. The Tibetan plateau: regional stratigraphic context and previouswork. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical andPhysical Sciences,1988a,5-52
Yin J., Shun X., Wen C., et al. Mesozoic stratigraphy along the highway from Dangla pass inGyirong County to Saga (Gya’gya) County in South Xizang. J. Inst. Geol. Chin. Acad. Sci,1988b,3,80-95
Zachos J.C., Kump L.R. Carbon cycle feedbacks and the initiation of Antarctic glaciation in theearliest Oligocene. Global and Planetary Change,2005,47,51-66
Zhang K. Cretaceous paleogeography of Tibet and adjacent areas (China): tectonic implications.Cretaceous Research,2000,21,23-33
Zhang K.J., Xia B., Liang X. Mesozoic–Paleogene sedimentary facies and paleogeography ofTibet, western China: tectonic implications. Geological Journal,2002,37,217-246
Zhang K.J., Zhang Y.X., Tang X.C., et al. Late Mesozoic tectonic evolution and growth of theTibetan plateau prior to the Indo-Asian collision. Earth-Science Reviews,2012,114,236-249
Zhang K.J., Xia B.D., Wang G.M., et al. Early Cretaceous stratigraphy, depositionalenvironments, sandstone provenance, and tectonic setting of central Tibet, western China.Geological Society of America Bulletin,2004,116,1202-1222
Zhang P.Z., Shen Z., Wang M., et al. Continuous deformation of the Tibetan Plateau fromglobal positioning system data. Geology,2004,32,809-812
Zhang Q., Willems H., Ding L., et al. Initial India-Asia Continental Collision and ForelandBasin Evolution in the Tethyan Himalaya of Tibet: Evidence from Stratigraphy andPaleontology. The Journal of geology,2012,120,175-189
Zhang S.N., Wang C.S., Yu G.M. The alluvial fan and fan delta environment of late cretaceousand Paleogene period in Xiyaergang district, Tibet, China. Journal of Mineralogy andPetrology,1985,5.5-39
Zhao W.J., Nelson K.D. Deep Seismic-Reflection Evidence for Continental Underthrustingbeneath Southern Tibet. Nature,1993,366,557-559
Zhao Z. Z., Li Y. T., F. Y.H. Petroleum Geology in the Qiangtang Basin Beijing: Science Press,2001
Zhou S., Mo X.X., Dong G.C., et al. Ar-40-Ar-39geochronology of Cenozoic Linzizongvolcanic rocks from Linzhou Basin, Tibet, China, and their geological implications. ChineseScience Bulletin,2004,49,1970-1979
Zhu B., Kidd W.S.F., Rowley D.B., et al. Age of initiation of the India-Asia collision in theeast-central Himalaya. Journal of Geology,2005,113,265-285
Zhu B., Kidd W.S.F., Rowley D.B., et al. Age of initiation of the India-Asia collision in theeast-central Himalaya: A reply. Journal of Geology,2006,114,641-643
Zhu D.C., Pan G.-T., Chung S.-L., et al. SHRIMP zircon age and geochemical constraints onthe origin of Lower Jurassic volcanic rocks from the Yeba Formation, southern Gangdese,South Tibet. International Geology Review,2008,50,442-471
Zhu D.C., Zhao Z.-D., Niu Y., et al. The origin and pre-Cenozoic evolution of the TibetanPlateau. Gondwana Research,2012,1429-1454
Zhu D.C., Mo X.-X., Niu Y., et al. Geochemical investigation of Early Cretaceous igneousrocks along an east–west traverse throughout the central Lhasa Terrane, Tibet. ChemicalGeology,2009a,268,298-312
Zhu D.C., Zhao Z.-D., Pan G.-T., et al. Early cretaceous subduction-related adakite-like rocksof the Gangdese Belt, southern Tibet: Products of slab melting and subsequent melt–peridotiteinteraction? Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2009b,34,298-309
Zhu D.C., Zhao Z.D., Niu Y.L., et al. The Lhasa Terrane: Record of a microcontinent and itshistories of drift and growth. Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2011,301,241-255
Zahirovic S., Müller R.D., Seton M., et al. Insights on the kinematics of the India-Eurasia collisionfrom global geodynamic models. Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems.2012,13,Q04W11
Zijderveld J.,AC demagnetization of rocks: analysis of results. Methods in paleomagnetism,1967,254-268
丁林.西藏雅鲁藏布江缝合带古新世深水沉积和放射虫动物群的发现及对前陆盆地演化的制约.中国科学: D辑.2003,33,47-58
Einsele G. Dürr S., Frisch W., et al.西藏日喀则白垩纪弧前盆地:沉积物和盆地演化.岩相古地理,1993,13,30-31
万晓樵,王成善.西藏日喀则弧前盆地白垩纪有孔虫的发现及年代地层.地质学报,1997,71,195-201
万晓樵,丁林.西藏仲巴地区白垩纪末期——始新世早期海相地层.地层学杂志,2001,25,267-272
刘成杰、尹集祥、孙晓兴,等.西藏南部日喀则弧前盆地非复理石型海相上白垩统—下第三系.中国科学院地质研究所集刊,1988,3,130-157.
卢书炜,杜凤军,任建德.中华人民共和国区域地质调查报告尼玛区幅（H45C001003）：比例尺1:250000.武汉：中国地质大学出版社,2002
吴瑞忠.藏北羌塘地区地层系统,青藏高原地质文集(9).北京:地质出版社,1986,1-32.
夏代祥,刘世坤.西藏自治区岩石地层.武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1997,229-233.
张哨楠.西藏北部西雅尔岗地区白垩-第三纪沉积环境及成岩作用.[硕士学位论文].成都:成都理工大学,1984
李亚林,王成善,朱利东,等.西藏尼玛盆地油页岩的发现及其地质意义.地质通报,2010,29,1872-1874
李仕虎,黄宝春,朱日祥.青藏高原东南缘构造旋转的古地磁学证据.地球物理学报,2012,55,76-94
李才翟.,王立全,等.认识青藏高原的重要窗口——羌塘地区近年来研究进展评述(代序).地质通报,2009,28,1169-1177
武景龙,朱利东,杨文光,等.尼玛盆地南部古近系牛堡组沉积特征及其地质意义.华南地质与矿产,2011,27,59-63
王成善,李亚林,李永铁.青藏高原油气资源远景评价问题.石油学报,2006,4,1-7
王成善,刘志飞,李祥辉,等.日喀则弧前盆地与雅鲁藏布江缝合带动力学演化的关系.北京：地质出版社,1999
王波明,周家声,闻涛,等.西藏尼玛盆地陆相地层归属及其油气意义.天然气技术.2009a,3,21-24
王波明,周家声,闻涛,等.西藏尼玛盆地陆相地层归属及其油气意义.天然气技术,2009b,3,21-24
罗凯.西藏白垩纪中期到古近纪早期日喀则弧前盆地物源区分析,[硕士学位论文].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2012
罗本家,罗小平.西藏伦坡拉盆地石油地质特征初步认识.中扬油气勘查,1994,16-21
罗本家,戴光亚,潘泽雄.班公湖-丁青缝合带古近纪陆相盆地含油前景.地球科学,1996,21,163-167
莫宣学,赵志丹,周肃,等.印度-亚洲大陆碰撞的时限.地质通报,2007,26,1240-1244
莫宣学,赵志丹,邓晋福,等.印度-亚洲大陆主碰撞过程的火山作用响应.地学前缘,2003,135-148
郝杰,柴育成,李继亮.雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩的形成与日喀则弧前盆地沉积演化.地质科学,1999,34,1-9
郭铁鹰,梁定益,张宜智.西藏阿里地质.北京:地质出版社,1991
颜茂都,方小敏,张伟林,等.青藏高原东北部沉积物磁倾角变浅之成因探究.第四纪研究,2012,32,588-596
黄宝春,陈军山,易治宇.再论印度与亚洲大陆何时何地发生初始碰撞.地球物理学报,2010,53,2045-2058
黄继钧伊海生,林金辉.羌塘盆地构造特征及油气远景初步分析.地质科学,2003,39,1-10
黄辉,朱利东,杨文光,等.西藏尼玛北部新生代盆地沉积记录及控盆机理.地质通报,2012,31,936-942
Acton G. D. Apparent polar wander of India since the Cretaceous with implications for regionaltectonics and true polar wander. Mem. Geol. Soc. India,1999,4,129-175
Acton G. D., Stein S. Engeln J.F.,Block rotation and continental extension in Afar: A comparisonto oceanic microplate systems. Tectonics,1991,10,501-526
Aitchison J.C., Davis A.M. Evidence for the multiphase nature of the India-Asia collision fromthe Yarlung Tsangpo suture zone, Tibet. Aspects of the Tectonic Evolution of China,2004,226,217-233
Aitchison J.C., Ali J.R. India-Asia collision timing. Proceedings of the National Academy ofSciences,2012,109, E2645-E2645.
Aitchison J.C., Ali J.R., Davis A.M. When and where did India and Asia collide? Journal ofGeophysical Research-Solid Earth,2007,112:B05423
Aitchison J.C., Ali J.R., Davis A.M. Reply to comment by Eduardo Garzanti on "When andwhere did India and Asia collide?''. Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth,2008,113:B04412
Aitchison J.C., Davis A.M., Badengzhu B., et al. New constraints on the India-Asia collision: theLower Miocene Gangrinboche conglomerates, Yarlung Tsangpo suture zone, SE Tibet.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2002,21,251-263
Ali J.R., Aitchison J.C. Greater India. Earth-Science Reviews,2005,72,169-188
Ali J.R., Aitchison J.C. Positioning Paleogene Eurasia problem: Solution for60-50Ma andbroader tectonic implications. Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2006,251,148-155
Allegre C., Courtillot V., Tapponnier P., et al. Structure and evolution of the Himalaya-Tibetorogenic belt, Nature,1984,301,17-22
An Z.S., Kutzbach J.E., Prell W.L., et al. Evolution of Asian monsoons and phased uplift of theHimalaya–Tibetan plateau since Late Miocene times. Nature,2001,411,62-66
Appel E., Patzelt A., Chouker C. Secondary Paleoremanence of Tethyan Sediments from theZanskar Range (Nw Himalaya). Geophysical Journal International,1995,122,227-242
Armijo R., Tapponnier P., Tonglin H. Late Cenozoic right-lateral strike-slip faulting in southernTibet. Journal of Geophysical Research,1989,94,2787-2838
Armijo R., Tapponnier P., Mercier J., et al. Quaternary extension in southern Tibet: Fieldobservations and tectonic implications. Journal of Geophysical Research,1986,91,13803-13872
Arzhannikova A., Arzhannikov S., Jolivet M., et al. Pliocene to Quaternary deformation inSouth East Sayan (Siberia): Initiation of the Tertiary compressive phase in the southerntermination of the Baikal Rift System. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2011,40,581-594
Avouac J.P., Tapponnier P. Kinematic model of active deformation in central Asia. GeophysicalResearch Letters,1993,20,895-898
Bai Z.D., Xu, D.B., Zhang, X.J., Zhu, G.X., Sun, L.X. Geological Report and Map of the AndoRegion (1:250,000).2005,1-403.
Barberà X., Cabrera L., Marzo M., et al. A complete terrestrial Oligocenemagnetobiostratigraphy from the Ebro Basin, Spain. Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2001,187,1-16
Batra R. A reinterpretation of the geology and biostratigraphy of the Lower Tertiary Formationsexposed along the Bilaspur–Shimla Highway, Himachal Pradesh, India. Journal of theGeological Society of India,1989,33,503-523
Bazhenov M.L. Mikolaichuk A.V.,Paleomagnetism of Paleogene basalts from the Tien Shan,Kyrgyzstan: rigid Eurasia and dipole geomagnetic field. Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2002,195,155-166
Beck Jr M.E.,On the shape of paleomagnetic data sets. Journal of Geophysical Research,1999,104,25,427-441
Beck R.A., Burbank D.W., Sercombe W.J., et al. Stratigraphic evidence for an early collisionbetween northwest India and Asia. Nature,1995,373,55-58
Besse J., Courtillot V.,Apparent and true polar wander and the geometry of the geomagneticfield over the last200Myr. Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth,2002,107,1-31
Besse J., Courtillot V., Pozzi J., et al.,Paleomagnetic estimates of crustal shortening in theHimalayan thrusts and Zangbo suture. Nature,1984,311,621–626
Biggin A.J., van Hinsbergen D.J.J., Langereis C.G., et al. Geomagnetic secular variation in theCretaceous Normal Superchron and in the Jurassic. Physics of the Earth and PlanetaryInteriors,2008,169,3-19
Blondeau A., Bassoullet J., Colchen M., et al. Disparition des formations marines a l'EoceneInférieur en Himalaya. Evolution des Domaines Orogéniques d'Asie Meridionale (de laTurquie a l'Indonesie), P. Le Fort, M. Colchen and С Montenat, eds., Mem.1986,47,103-111
Burbank D., Beck R.A., Mulder T. The Himalayan foreland basin. Word and Regional Geology,1996,149-190
Burg J.-P., Leyreloup A., Girardeau J., et al. Structure and metamorphism of a tectonicallythickened continental crust: the Yalu Tsangpo suture zone (Tibet). Philosophical Transactionsof the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences,1987,321,67-86
Butler R.F. Paleomagnetism. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Scientific,1992
Cai F., Ding L., Yue Y. Provenance analysis of upper Cretaceous strata in the Tethys Himalaya,southern Tibet: Implications for timing of India–Asia collision. Earth and Planetary ScienceLetters,2011,305,195-206
Cande S.C., Kent D.V. Revised calibration of the geomagnetic polarity timescale for the LateCretaceous and Cenozoic. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth.1995,100,6093-6095
Capitanio F.A., Morra G., Goes S., et al. India-Asia convergence driven by the subduction ofthe Greater Indian continent. Nature Geoscience,2010,3,136-139
Chatterjee S., Goswami A., Scotese C.R. The longest voyage: Tectonic, magmatic, andpaleoclimatic evolution of the Indian plate during its northward flight from Gondwana to Asia.Gondwana Research.2013,23,238-267
Chen J.S., Huang B.C., Sun L.S. New constraints to the onset of the India-Asia collision:Paleomagnetic reconnaissance on the Linzizong Group in the Lhasa Block, China.Tectonophysics,2010,489,189-209
Chen W., Yang T., Zhang S., et al. Paleomagnetic results from the Early Cretaceous ZenongGroup volcanic rocks, Cuoqin, Tibet, and their paleogeographic implications. GondwanaResearch,2012,22,461-469
Chen Y., Cogne J.P., Courtillot V., et al. Cretaceous Paleomagnetic Results from Western Tibetand Tectonic Implications. Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth,1993a,98,17981-17999
Chen Y., Courtillot V., Cogne J.P., et al. The Configuration of Asia Prior to the Collision ofIndia-Cretaceous Paleomagnetic Constraints. Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth,1993b,98,21927-21941
Cheng J., Xu G.,Geologic map of the Gaize region with report. Tibetan Bureau of Geology andMineral Resources (in Chinese),1:1,000,000,1986,369
Cheng J., and Xu, G. Geologic map of the Gaize region with report: Tibetan Bureau of Geologyand Mineral Resources (in Chinese). Tibetan Bur. of Geol. and Miner. Resour, Beijing,1986
Chung S.L., Chu M.F., Ji J.Q., et al. The nature and timing of crustal thickening in SouthernTibet: Geochemical and zircon Hf isotopic constraints from postcollisional adakites.Tectonophysics,2009,477,36-48
Clift P.D., Shimizu N., Layne G.D., et al. Tracing patterns of erosion and drainage in thePaleogene Himalaya through ion probe Pb isotope analysis of detrital K-feldspars in the IndusMolasse, India. Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2001,188,475-491
Coe R.S., Globerman B.R., Plumley P.W., et al., Paleomagentic results from Alaska and theirtectonic implications, in: D. G. Howell (Ed.), Tectonostratigraphic terranes of theCircum-Pacific region: American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Circum-PacificCouncil on Energy and Resources Earth Sciences Series,1985,85-108
Cottle J.M., Searle M.P., Horstwood M.S.A., et al. Timing of Midcrustal Metamorphism,Melting, and Deformation in the Mount Everest Region of Southern Tibet Revealed byU(-Th)-Pb Geochronology. Journal of Geology,2009,117,643-664
Cogné J., Halim N., Chen Y., et al. Resolving the problem of shallow magnetizations ofTertiary age in Asia: insights from paleomagnetic data from the Qiangtang, Kunlun, andQaidam blocks (Tibet, China), and a new hypothesis. Journal of Geophysical Research,1999a,104,17715-17734
Cogné J., Halim N., Chen Y., et al. Resolving the problem of shallow magnetizations ofTertiary age in Asia: insights from paleomagnetic data from the Qiangtang, Kunlun, andQaidam blocks (Tibet, China), and a new hypothesis. Journal of Geophysical Research,1999b,104,17715-17734
Cogné J.P., Besse J., Chen Y., et al. A new Late Cretaceous to Present APWP for Asia and itsimplications for paleomagnetic shallow inclinations in Central Asia and Cenozoic Eurasianplate deformation. Geophysical Journal International,2013,192,1000-1024
Copley A., Avouac J.P., Royer J.Y. India-Asia collision and the Cenozoic slowdown of theIndian plate: Implications for the forces driving plate motions. Journal of GeophysicalResearch-Solid Earth,2010,15, B03410
Copley A., Avouac J.P., Wernicke B.P. Evidence for mechanical coupling and strong Indianlower crust beneath southern Tibet. Nature,2011,472,79-81
Coulon C., Maluski H., Bollinger C., et al. Mesozoic and cenozoic volcanic rocks from centraland southern Tibet:39Ar-40Ar dating, petrological characteristics and geodynamicalsignificance. Earth and Planetary Science Letters,1986,79,281-302
Cox A. Analysis of present geomagnetic field for comparison with paleomagnetic results. J.Geomag. Geoelectr,1962,13,101-112
Coxall H.K., Wilson P.A., P like H., et al. Rapid stepwise onset of Antarctic glaciation anddeeper calcite compensation in the Pacific Ocean. Nature,2005,433,53-57
Creer K. The dispersion of the geomagnetic field due to secular variation and its determinationfor remote times from paleomagnetic data. Journal of Geophysical Research,1962,67,3461-3476
Cunningham D.,Active intracontinental transpressional mountain building in the MongolianAltai: defining a new class of orogen. Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2005,240,436-444
Davis A.M., Aitchison J.C., Badengzhu, et al. Paleogene island arc collision-relatedconglomerates, Yarlung-Tsangpo suture zone, Tibet. Sedimentary Geology,2002,150,247-273
Day R., Fuller M., Schmidt V. Hysteresis properties of titanomagnetites: grain-size andcompositional dependence. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors,1977,13,260-267
De Sigoyer J., Chavagnac V., Blichert-Toft J., et al. Dating the Indian continental subductionand collisional thickening in the northwest Himalaya: Multichronology of the Tso Morarieclogites. Geology,2000,28,487-490
Deamer G.A., Kodama K.P. Compaction-induced inclination shallowing in synthetic andnatural clay-rich sediments. Journal of Geophysical Research,1990,95,4511-4529
DeCelles P.G., Robinson D.M., Zandt G. Implications of shortening in the Himalayanfold-thrust belt for uplift of the Tibetan Plateau. Tectonics,2002,21,1062
DeCelles P.G., Kapp P., Ding L., et al. Late Cretaceous to middle Tertiary basin evolution inthe central Tibetan Plateau: Changing environments in response to tectonic partitioning,aridification, and regional elevation gain. Geological Society of America Bulletin,2007a,119,654-680
DeCelles P.G., Quade J., Kapp P., et al. High and dry in central Tibet during the Late Oligocene.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2007b,253,389-401
Deenen M.H.L., Langereis C.G., van Hinsbergen D.J.J., et al. Geomagnetic secular variationand the statistics of paleomagnetic directions. Geophysical Journal International,2011,186,509-520
Dewey J., CANDE S., Pitman W.C. Tectonic evolution of the India/Eurasia collision zone.Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae,1989,82,717-734
Dewey J.F., Shackleton R.M., Chengfa C., et al. The tectonic evolution of the Tibetan Plateau.Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical andPhysical Sciences,1988,327,379-413
Dickinson W., Seely D., Structure and stratigraphy of forearc regions. Aapg Bulletin,1979,63,2-31
Ding L. Paleocene deep-water sediments and radiolarian faunas: Implications for evolution ofYarlung-Zangbo foreland basin, southern Tibet. Science in China Series D EarthScience-English Edition,2003,46,84-96
Ding L., Kapp P., Wan X.Q. Paleocene-Eocene record of ophiolite obduction and initialIndia-Asia collision, south central Tibet. Tectonics,2005,24,1-18
Ding L., Kapp P., Zhong D.L., et al. Cenozoic volcanism in Tibet: Evidence for a transitionfrom oceanic to continental subduction. Journal of Petrology,2003,44,1833-1865
Duca E. Biogeography: Life after collision. Nature China,2013, doi:10,1038
Dunlop D., and. zdemir. Rock Magnetism: Fundamentals and Frontiers. Cambridge, U. K.Cambridge Univ.,1997
Dunlop D.J. Theory and application of the Day plot (Mrs/Ms versus Hcr/Hc)1. Theoreticalcurves and tests using titanomagnetite data. J. geophys. Res,2002,107, B32056
Dupont-Nivet G., Hoorn C., Konert M. Tibetan uplift prior to the Eocene-Oligocene climatetransition: Evidence from pollen analysis of the Xining Basin. Geology,2008,36,987-990
Dupont-Nivet G., van Hinsbergen D.J.J., Torsvik T.H. Persistently low Asian paleolatitudes:Implications for the India-Asia collision history. Tectonics,2010a,29, TC5016
Dupont-Nivet G., Lippert P.C., van Hinsbergen D.J.J., et al. Paleolatitude and age of theIndo-Asia collision: paleomagnetic constraints. Geophysical Journal International,2010b,182,1189-1198
Dupont-Nivet G., Horton B., Butler R., et al. Paleogene clockwise tectonic rotation of theXining-Lanzhou region, northeastern Tibetan Plateau. Journal of Geophysical Research,2004,109, B04401
Dupont-Nivet G., Krijgsman W., Langereis C.G., et al. Tibetan plateau aridification linked toglobal cooling at the Eocene-Oligocene transition. Nature,2007,445,635-638
Durr S.B. Provenance of Xigaze fore-arc basin clastic rocks (Cretaceous, south Tibet). Bulletinof the Geological Society of America,1996,108,669-684
Ehlers T.A., Poulsen C.J. Influence of Andean uplift on climate and paleoaltimetry estimates.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2009,281,238-248
Einsele G., Liu B., Dürr S., et al. The Xigaze forearc basin: evolution and facies architecture(Cretaceous, Tibet). Sedimentary Geology,1994,90,1-32
England P., Molnar P. Surface uplift, uplift of rocks, and exhumation of rocks. Geology,1990a,18,1173-1177
England P., Molnar P. Right-lateral shear and rotation as the explanation for strike-slip faultingin eastern Tibet. Nature,1990b,344,140-142
England P., Molnar P. Active deformation of Asia: from kinematics to dynamics. Science,1997,278,647-650
Enkin R.J. The direction-correction tilt test: an all-purpose tilt/fold test for paleomagneticstudies. Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2003,212,151-166
Fisher R. Dispersion on a sphere. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A.Mathematical and Physical Sciences,1953,217,295-305
Freund R. Rotation of strike slip faults in Sistan, southeast Iran. The Journal of geology,1970,188-200
Freymueller J.T. Earth science: A new mechanical model for Tibet. Nature,2011,472,48-49
Friend P.F.,General form and age of the denudation system of the Himalaya. Gff,1998,120,231-236
Fu X., Wang J., Zeng Y., et al. Geochemical and palynological investigation of the ShengliRiver marine oil shale (China): implications for paleoenvironment and paleoclimate.International Journal of Coal Geology,2009,78,217-224
Fu X.G., Wang J., Qu W.J., et al. Re-Os (ICP-MS) Dating of marine oil shale in the Qiang Tangbain, northern Tibet, China. Oil Shale,2008,25,47-55
Gabrielse H., Monger J., Wheeler J., et al., Part A. Morphogeological belts, tectonicassemblages, and terranes, in: H. Gabrielse and C. J. Yorath (Eds.), Geology of the CordilleranOrogen in Canada, Geological Survey of Canada,1991,15-28.
Gaina C., Müller R.D., Brown B., et al. Breakup and early seafloor spreading between India andAntarctica. Geophysical Journal International,2007,170,151-169
Garzanti E. Comment on "When and where did India and Asia collide?'' by Jonathan C.Aitchison, Jason R. Ali, and Aileen M. Davis. Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth,2008,13: B04411
Garzanti E., Baud A., Mascle G. Sedimentary record of the northward flight of India and itscollision with Eurasia (Ladakh Himalaya, India). Geodinamica Acta,1987,1,297-312
Garzione C.N. Surface uplift of Tibet and Cenozoic global cooling. Geology,2008,36,1003
Garzione C.N., Dettman D.L., Quade J., et al. High times on the Tibetan Plateau: Paleoelevationof the Thakkhola graben, Nepal. Geology,2000,28,339-342
Gilder S., Chen Y., Sen S. Oligo-Miocene magnetostratigraphy and rock magnetism of theXishuigou section, Subei (Gansu Province, western China) and implications for shallowinclinations in central Asia. Journal of Geophysical Research,2001,106,30505-30521
Gilder S., Chen Y., Cogné J.P., et al. Paleomagnetism of Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceousvolcanic and sedimentary rocks from the western Tarim Basin and implications for inclinationshallowing and absolute dating of the M-0(ISEA?) chron. Earth and Planetary Science Letters.2003,206,587-600
Girardeau J., Marcoux J., Fourcade E., et al. Xainxa ultramafic rocks, central Tibet, China:Tectonic environment and geodynamic significance. Geology,1985,13,330-333
Graham S., Brassell S., Carroll A., et al. Characteristics of Selected Petroleum Source Rocks,Xianjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Northwest China (1). Aapg Bulletin,1990,74,493-512
Green O.R., Searle M.P., Corfield R.I., et al. Cretaceous-tertiary carbonate platform evolutionand the age of the India-Asia collision along the Ladakh Himalaya (northwest India). Journalof Geology,2008,116,331-353
Gubbins D. Herrero-Bervera E., Encyclopedia of geomagnetism and paleomagnetism. KluwerAcademic Pub,2007,1022
Guillot S., Replumaz A., Hattori K.H., et al. Initial geometry of western Himalaya andultrahigh-pressure metamorphic evolution. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2007,30,557-564
Guillot S., Mahéo G., De Sigoyer J., et al. Tethyan and Indian subduction viewed from theHimalayan high-to ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks. Tectonophysics,2008,451,225-241
Guillot S., Garzanti E., Baratoux D., et al. Reconstructing the total shortening history of the NWHimalaya. Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems,2003,4,1064
Guynn J.H., Kapp P., Pullen A., et al. Tibetan basement rocks near Amdo reveal “missing”Mesozoic tectonism along the Bangong suture, central Tibet. Geology,2006,34,505-508
Hacker B., Luffi P., Lutkov V., et al. Near-ultrahigh pressure processing of continental crust:Miocene crustal xenoliths from the Pamir. Journal of Petrology,2005,46,1661-1687
Halim N., Cogné J., Chen Y., et al. New Cretaceous and Early Tertiary paleomagnetic resultsfrom Xining-Lanzhou basin, Kunlun and Qiangtang blocks, China: Implications on thegeodynamic evolution of Asia. Journal of Geophysical Research,1998,103,21025-21045
Halls H. The use of converging remagnetization circles in paleomagnetism. Physics of the Earthand Planetary Interiors,1978,16,1-11
Hankard F., Cogné J.P., Kravchinsky V. A new Late Cretaceous paleomagnetic pole for thewest of Amuria block (Khurmen Uul, Mongolia). Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2005,236,359-373
Hankard F., Cogné J.P., Quidelleur X., et al. Paleomagnetism and K–Ar dating of Cretaceousbasalts from Mongolia. Geophysical Journal International,2007a,169,898-908
Hankard F., Cogné J.P., Kravchinsky V.A., et al. New Tertiary paleomagnetic poles fromMongolia and Siberia at40,30,20, and13Ma: Clues on the inclination shallowing problem incentral Asia. J. geophys. Res,2007b,112, B02101
Harris N., Inger S., Ronghua X. Cretaceous plutonism in Central Tibet: an example ofpost-collision magmatism? Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research,1990,44,21-32
He S.D., Kapp P., DeCelles P.G., et al. Cretaceous-Tertiary geology of the Gangdese Arc in theLinzhou area, southern Tibet. Tectonophysics,2007,433,15-37
Hodges K.V. Tectonics of the Himalaya and southern Tibet from two perspectives. GeologicalSociety of America Bulletin,2000,112,324-350
Holt W.E., Haines A.J. Velocity-Fields in Deforming Asia from the Inversion ofEarthquake-Released Strains. Tectonics,1993,12,1-20
Holt W.E., Li M., Haines A.J. Earthquake Strain Rates and Instantaneous Relative Motionswithin Central and Eastern Asia. Geophysical Journal International,1995,122,569-593
Holt W.E., Chamotrooke N., Le Pichon X., et al. Velocity field in Asia inferred fromQuaternary fault slip rates and Global Positioning System observations. Journal ofGeophysical Research-Solid Earth,2000,105,19185-19209
Horton B.K., Yin A., Spurlin M.S., et al. Paleocene-Eocene syncontractional sedimentation innarrow, lacustrine-dominated basins of east-central Tibet. Geological Society of AmericaBulletin,2002,114,771-786
Horton B., Dupont‐Nivet G., Zhou J., Waanders G., Butler R., Wang J.,2004Mesozoic-Cenozoic evolution of the Xining-Minhe and Dangchang basins, northeasternTibetan Plateau: Magnetostratigraphic and biostratigraphic results. Journal of GeophysicalResearch: Solid Earth.109, B04402.
Houseman G., England P. Finite strain calculations of continental deformation1. Method andgeneral results for convergent zones. Journal of Geophysical Research,1986,91,3651-3663
Hu X., Sinclair H.D., Wang J., et al. Late Cretaceous‐Paleogene stratigraphic and basinevolution in the Zhepure Mountain of southern Tibet: implications for the timing of India‐Asia initial collision. Basin Research,2012,24,520–543
Huang B., Piper J.D.A., Wang Y., et al. Paleomagnetic and geochronological constraints on thepost-collisional northward convergence of the southwest Tian Shan, NW China.Tectonophysics,2005,409,107-124
Huang K.N., Opdyke N.D., Li J.G., et al. Paleomagnetism of Cretaceous Rocks from EasternQiangtang Terrane of Tibet. Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth,1992,97,1789-1799
Irving E. Paleomagnetic and paleoclimatological aspects of polar wandering. Pure and AppliedGeophysics,1956,33,23-41
Jadoul F., Berra F., Garzanti E. The Tethys Himalayan passive margin from Late Triassic toEarly Cretaceous (South Tibet). Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,1998,16,173-194
Ji W.Q., Wu F.Y., Liu C.Z., et al. Geochronology and petrogenesis of granitic rocks inGangdese batholith, southern Tibet. Science in China Series D-Earth Sciences,2009a,52,1240-1261
Ji W.Q., Wu F.Y., Chung S.L., et al. Zircon U-Pb geochronology and Hf isotopic constraints onpetrogenesis of the Gangdese batholith, southern Tibet. Chemical Geology,2009b,262,229-245
Johnson B., Powell C.M.A., Veevers J. Spreading history of the eastern Indian Ocean andGreater India's northward flight from Antarctica and Australia. Geological Society of AmericaBulletin,1976,87,1560-1566
Johnson B., Powell C.M.A., Veevers J. Early spreading history of the Indian Ocean betweenIndia and Australia. Earth and Planetary Science Letters,1980,47,131-143
Johnson C., Constable C., Tauxe L., et al. Recent investigations of the0–5Ma geomagneticfield recorded by lava flows. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst,2008,9, Q04032
Johnson M.R.W. Shortening budgets and the role of continental subduction during theIndia-Asia collision. Earth-Science Reviews,2002,59,101-123
Kapp P., Yin A., Harrison T., et al. Cretaceous-Tertiary shortening, basin development, andvolcanism in central Tibet. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America,2005,117,865-878
Kapp P., DeCelles P.G., Gehrels G.E., et al. Geological records of the Lhasa-Qiangtang andIndo-Asian collisions in the Nima area of central Tibet. Geological Society of AmericaBulletin,2007a,119,917-933
Kapp P., Murphy M.A., Yin A., et al. Mesozoic and Cenozoic tectonic evolution of theShiquanhe area of western Tibet. Tectonics,2003,22,1029
Kapp P., Yin A., Manning C.E., et al. Blueschist-bearing metamorphic core complexes in theQiangtang block reveal deep crustal structure of northern Tibet. Geology,2000,28,19-22
Kapp P., DeCelles P., Leier A., et al. The Gangdese retroarc thrust belt revealed. GSA Today,2007b,17,4, doi:10.1130/GSAT01707A.1
Kent D.V., Tauxe L. Corrected Late Triassic latitudes for continents adjacent to the NorthAtlantic. Science,2005,307,240-244
Kent D.V., Muttoni G. Equatorial convergence of India and early Cenozoic climate trends.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,2008,105,16065-16070
King R. The remanent magnetism of artificially deposited sediments. Geophysical JournalInternational,1955,7,115-134
Kirschvink J. The least‐squares line and plane and the analysis of paleomagnetic data.Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society,1980,62,699-718
Kletetschka G., Wasilewski P.J., Taylor P.T. Hematite vs. magnetite as the signature forplanetary magnetic anomalies? Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors,2000,119,259-267
Klootwijk C.T., Gee J.S., Peirce J.W., et al. An Early India-Asia Contact-PaleomagneticConstraints from Ninetyeast Ridge, Odp Leg121. Geology,1992,20,395-398
Lai S., Qin J., Li Y., et al. Cenozoic volcanic rocks in the Belog Co area, Qiangtang, northernTibet, China: Petrochemical evidence for partial melting of the mantle-crust transition zone.Chinese Journal of Geochemistry,2007,26,305-311
Langin W.R., Brown L.D. Sandvol E.A. Seismicity of central Tibet from Project INDEPTH IIIseismic recordings. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2003,93,2146-2159
Lee H.Y., Chung S.L., Lo C.H., et al. Eocene Neotethyan slab breakoff in southern Tibetinferred from the Linzizong volcanic record. Tectonophysics,2009,477,20-35
Lee T.Y., Lawver L.A. Cenozoic plate reconstruction of Southeast Asia. Tectonophysics,1995,251,85-138
Leech M.L., Singh S., Jain A.K. Continuous metamorphic zircon growth and interpretation ofU-Pb SHRIMP dating: An example from the western Himalaya. International Geology Review,2007,49,313-328
Leech M.L., Singh S., Jain A.K., et al. The onset of India-Asia continental collision: Early,steep subduction required by the timing of UHP metamorphism in the western Himalaya.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2005,234,83-97
Leeder M., Smith A., Jixiang Y. Sedimentology, paleoecology and paleoenvironmentalevolution of the1985Lhasa to Golmud Geotraverse. Philosophical Transactions of the RoyalSociety of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences,1988,327,107-143
Leier A. Ph.D. Dissertation. The Cretaceous evolution of the Lhasa terrane, southern Tibet.USA, University of Arizona,2005
Leier A.L., DeCelles P.G., Kapp P., et al. The Takena Formation of the Lhasa terrane, southernTibet: The record of a Late Cretaceous retroarc foreland basin. Bulletin of the GeologicalSociety of America,2007a,119,31
Leier A.L., Decelles P.G., Kapp P., et al. Lower cretaceous strata in the Lhasa Terrane, Tibet,with implications for understanding the early tectonic history of the Tibetan plateau. Journal ofSedimentary Research,2007b,77,809-825
Leloup P., Tapponnier P., Lacassin R., et al. Discussion on the role of the Red River shear zone,Yunnan and Vietnam, in the continental extrusion of SE Asia Journal, Vol.163,2006,1025-1036. Journal of the Geological Society,2007,164,1253-1260
Li J.-T., Li Y., Klaus S., et al. Diversification of rhacophorid frogs provides evidence foraccelerated faunal exchange between India and Eurasia during the Oligocene. Proceedings ofthe National Academy of Sciences,2013a,110,3441-3446
Li J., Batten D.J. Early Cretaceous palynofloras from the Tanggula Mountains of the northernQinghai-Xizang (Tibet) plateau, China. Cretaceous Research,2004,25,531-542
Li J., Batten D.J., Zhang Y. Late Cretaceous palynofloras from the southern Laurasian marginin the Xigaze region, Xizang (Tibet). Cretaceous Research,2008a,29,294-300
Li J.G., Batten D.J., Zhang Y.Y. Palynological indications of environmental changes during theLate Cretaceous-Eocene on the southern continental margin of Laurasia, Xizang (Tibet).Paleogeography, Paleoclimatology, Paleoecology,2008b,265,78-86
Li S., Deng C., Yao H., et al. Magnetostratigraphy of the Dali Basin in Yunnan and implicationsfor late Neogene rotation of the southeast margin of the Tibetan Plateau. Journal ofGeophysical Research: Solid Earth,2013b, online, DOI:10.1002/jgrb.50129
Li X., Wang C.S., Yi H.S., et al. Middle Cretaceous and Eocene lithofacies and paleogeographyin Tibet. Regional Geology of China,2001,20,82-89
Li X.H., Wang C.S., Luba J., et al. Age of initiation of the India-Asia collision in theeast-central Himalaya: A discussion. Journal of Geology,2006,114,637-640
Li Y., Wang C., Ma C., et al. The Cretaceous tectonic event in the Qiangtang Basin and itsimplications for hydrocarbon accumulation. Petroleum Science,2010,7,466-471
Li Y., He J., Wang C., et al. Late Cretaceous K-rich magmatism in central Tibet: Evidence forearly elevation of the Tibetan plateau? Lithos,2012,160-161,1-13
Liebke U., Appel E., Ding L., et al. Age constraints on the India-Asia collision derived fromsecondary remanences of Tethyan Himalayan sediments from the Tingri area. Journal of AsianEarth Sciences,2012,62,329-340
Liebke U., Appel E., Ding L., et al. Position of the Lhasa terrane prior to India-Asia collisionderived from paleomagnetic inclinations of53Ma old dykes of the Linzhou Basin: constraintson the age of collision and post-collisional shortening within the Tibetan Plateau. GeophysicalJournal International,2010,182,1199-1215
Lin J., Watts D. Paleomagnetic Constraints on Himalayan--Tibetan Tectonic Evolution.Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical andPhysical Sciences,1988a,326,177
Lin J.L., Watts D.R. Paleomagnetic results from the Tibetan Plateau. Philosophical Transactionsof the Royal Society of London, Series A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences,1988b,327,239-262
Linder J., Gilder S.A., Latitude dependency of the geomagnetic secular variation S parameter:A mathematical artifact. Geophysical Research Letters,2012,39, L02308
Lippert P. Ph.D. Dissertation. The Paleogene Latitude and Altitude of Central Tibet.2011, USA,University of California at Santa Cruz.
Lippert P., Dupont-Nivet G., Van Hinsbergen D., et al. Timing and Distribution of TectonicRotations in the Lhasa and Qiangtang Terranes, AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts,2011a,2375
Lippert P.C., Zhao X., Coe R.S., et al. Paleomagnetism and40Ar/39Ar geochronology of upperPaleogene volcanic rocks from Central Tibet: implications for the Central Asia inclinationanomaly, the paleolatitude of Tibet and post-50Ma shortening within Asia. GeophysicalJournal International,2011b,184,131-161
Liu G., Einsele G. Sedimentary History of the Tethyan Basin in the Tibetan Himalayas.Geologische Rundschau,1994,83,32-61
Liu Z. Geologic map of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and its neighboring regions (scale at1:1,500,000), Chengdu Inst. of Geol. and Miner. Resour., Geol. Publ. House, Beijing.1988
Liu Z., Wang C. Facies analysis and depositional systems of Cenozoic sediments in the Hoh Xilbasin, northern Tibet. Sedimentary Geology,2001a,140,251-270
Liu Z.F., Wang C.S. Facies analysis and depositional systems of Cenozoic sediments in the HohXil basin, northern Tibet. Sedimentary Geology,2001b,140,251-270
Liu Z.F., Wang C.S., Yi H.S. Evolution and mass accumulation of the Cenozoic Hoh Xil basin,northern Tibet. Journal of Sedimentary Research,2001,71,971-984
Liu Z.F., Zhao X.X., Wang C.S., et al. Magnetostratigraphy of Tertiary sediments from the HohXil Basin: implications for the Cenozoic tectonic history of the Tibetan Plateau. GeophysicalJournal International,2003,154,233-252
Long S., McQuarrie N., Tobgay T., et al. Geometry and crustal shortening of the Himalayanfold-thrust belt, eastern and central Bhutan. Geological Society of America Bulletin,2011,123,1427-1447
Loope D.B., Dingus L., Swisher C.C., et al. Life and death in a Late Cretaceous dune field,Nemegt basin, Mongolia. Geology,1998,26,27-30
López-Blanco M. Sedimentary response to thrusting and fold growing on the SE margin of theEbro basin (Paleogene, NE Spain). Sedimentary Geology,2002,146,133-154
López-Blanco M., Marzo M., Burbank D., et al. Tectonic and climatic controls on thedevelopment of foreland fan deltas: Montserrat and Sant Lloren del Munt systems (MiddleEocene, Ebro Basin, NE Spain). Sedimentary Geology,2000,138,17-39
Matte P., Tapponnier P., Arnaud N., et al. Tectonics of Western Tibet, between the Tarim andthe Indus. Earth and Planetary Science Letters.1996,142,311-316
McElhinny M. Statistical significance of the fold test in paleomagnetism. Geophysical Journalof the Royal Astronomical Society,1964,8,338-340
McFadden P. A new fold test for paleomagnetic studies. Geophysical Journal International,1990,103,163-169
McFadden P., Lowes F. The discrimination of mean directions drawn from Fisher distributions.Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society,1981,67,19-33
McFadden P., McElhinny M. The combined analysis of remagnetization circles and directobservations in paleomagnetism. Earth and Planetary Science Letters,1988,87,161-172
McFadden P., McElhinny M. Classification of the reversal test in paleomagnetism. GeophysicalJournal International,1990,103,725-729
McFadden P., Merrill R., McElhinny M., et al. Reversals of the Earth's magnetic field andtemporal variations of the dynamo families. Journal of Geophysical Research,1991,96,3923-3933
McKenzie D., Jackson J. The relationship between strain rates, crustal thickening,paleomagnetism, finite strain and fault movements within a deforming zone. Earth andPlanetary Science Letters,1983,65,182-202
Meng J., Wang C., Zhao X., et al. India-Asia collision was at24uN and50Ma: paleomagneticproof from southernmost Asia. Sci. Rep,2012,2,925
Miall A.D. Lithofacies types and vertical profile models in braided river deposits: a summary.Fluvial sedimentology,1978,5,597-604
Miall A.D. Principles of sedimentary basin analysis. Berlin: Springer,1990,
Molnar P., Tapponnier P. Cenozoic tectonics of Asia: effects of a continental collision. Science,1975,189,419-426
Molnar P., Lyon-Caent H. Fault plane solutions of earthquakes and active tectonics of theTibetan Plateau and its margins. Geophysical Journal International,1989,99,123-154
Molnar P., Stock J.M. Slowing of India's convergence with Eurasia since20Ma and itsimplications for Tibetan mantle dynamics. Tectonics,2009,28, TC3001
Morris E.R., Schillinger W., Coe R.S., et al. Automating the2G superconducting rockmagnetometer for single-solenoid alternating field demagnetization. Geochem. Geophys.Geosyst.2009,10, Q05Y05
Müller R.D., Sdrolias M., Gaina C., et al. Age, spreading rates, and spreading asymmetry of theworld's ocean crust. Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems,2008,9, Q04006
Murphy M., Yin A., Kapp P., et al. Southward propagation of the Karakoram fault system,southwest Tibet: Timing and magnitude of slip. Geology,2000,28,451-454
Nábělek J., Hetényi G., Vergne J., et al. Underplating in the Himalaya-Tibet collision zonerevealed by the Hi-CLIMB experiment. Science,2009,325,1371-1374
Najman Y.,The detrital record of orogenesis: A review of approaches and techniques used in theHimalayan sedimentary basins. Earth-Science Reviews,2006,74,1-72
Najman Y., Appel E., Boudagher-Fadel M., et al. Timing of India-Asia collision: Geological,biostratigraphic, and paleomagnetic constraints. J. geophys. Res,2010,115, B12416
Nelson M.R., Jones C.H. Paleomagnetism and crustal rotations along a shear zone, Las VegasRange, southern Nevada. Tectonics,1987,6,13-33
Niu Y., O'Hara M.J., Pearce J.A. Initiation of subduction zones as a consequence of lateralcompositional buoyancy contrast within the lithosphere: a petrological perspective. Journal ofPetrology,2003,44,851-866
Ogg J., Smith, A.G., The geomagnetic polarity time scale, in: F. M. Gradstein, Ogg, J.G.,Smith,A.G.(Ed.), A Geological Time Scale2004, Cambridge: Cambridge University,2004
Otofuji Y., Inoue Y., Funahara S., et al. Paleomagnetic study of eastern Tibet—deformation ofthe Three Rivers region. Geophysical Journal International,1990,103,85-94
Patriat P., Achache J. India–Eurasia collision chronology has implications for crustal shorteningand driving mechanism of plates. Nature,1984,311,615-621
Patriat P., Segoufin J. Reconstruction of the central Indian Ocean. Tectonophysics,1988,155,211-234
Patzelt A., Li H.M., Wang J.D., et al. Paleomagnetism of Cretaceous to Tertiary sediments fromsouthern Tibet: Evidence for the extent of the northern margin of India prior to the collisionwith Eurasia. Tectonophysics,1996,259,259-284
Pearce J.A., Houjun M. Volcanic rocks of the1985Tibet geotraverse: Lhasa to Golmud.Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical andPhysical Sciences,1988,327,169-201
Peltzer G., Tapponnier P. Formation and Evolution of Strike-Slip Faults, Rifts, and Basinsduring the India-Asia Collision-an Experimental Approach. Journal of GeophysicalResearch-Solid Earth and Planets,1988,93,15085-15117
Peltzer G., Saucier F. Present-day kinematics of Asia derived from geologic fault rates. Journalof Geophysical Research-Solid Earth,1996,101,27943-27956
Powell C.M.A. Conaghan P.,Plate tectonics and the Himalayas. Earth and Planetary ScienceLetters,1973,20,1-12
Pozzi J., Westphal M., Girardeau J., et al. Paleomagnetism of the Xigaze ophiolite and flysch(Yarlung Zangbo suture zone, southern Tibet): latitude and direction of spreading. Earth andPlanetary Science Letters,1984,70,383-394
Pozzi J.P., Westphal M., Zhou Y.X., et al. Position of the Lhasa block, South Tibet, during thelate Cretaceous. Nature,1982,297,319-321
Ran B., Wang C., Zhao X., et al. Dimension of Greater India in the early Mesozoic:paleomagnetic constraints from Triassic sediments in the Tethyan Himalaya. Journal of AsianEarth Sciences,2011,53,15–24
Ratschbacher L., Frisch W., Liu G.H., et al. Distributed Deformation in Southern and WesternTibet during and after the India-Asia Collision. Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth,1994,99,19917-19945
Ratschbacher L., Krumrei I., Blumenwitz M., et al. Rifting and strike-slip shear in central Tibetand the geometry, age and kinematics of upper crustal extension in Tibet. Geological Society,London, Special Publications,2011,353,127-163
Raymo M.E., Ruddiman W.F., Froelich P.N. Influence of late Cenozoic mountain building onocean geochemical cycles. Geology,1988,16,649
Replumaz A., Tapponnier P. Reconstruction of the deformed collision zone between India andAsia by backward motion of lithospheric blocks. Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth,2003,108,2285
Rowley D.B. Age of initiation of collision between India and Asia: A review of stratigraphicdata. Earth and Planetary Science Letters,1996,145,1-13
Rowley D.B. Minimum age of initiation of collision between India and Asia north of Everestbased on the subsidence history of the Zhepure Mountain section. Journal of Geology,1998,106,229-235
Rowley D.B. Currie B.S.,Paleo-altimetry of the late Eocene to Miocene Lunpola basin, centralTibet. Nature,2006,439,677-681
Royden L.H., Burchfiel B.C., van der Hilst R.D. The geological evolution of the TibetanPlateau. Science,2008a,321,1054-1058
Royden L.H., Burchfiel B.C., Van der Hilst R.D. The geological evolution of the TibetanPlateau. Science,2008b,321,1054
Runcorn S.K. Paleomagnetic comparisons between Europe and North America. Proc. Geol.Assoc. Canada,1956,8,77-85
Schneider W., Mattern F., Wang P., et al. Tectonic and sedimentary basin evolution of theeastern Bangong-Nujiang zone (Tibet): A Reading cycle. International Journal of EarthSciences,2003,92,228-254
Searle M. Geological evidence against large-scale pre-Holocene offsets along the Karakoramfault: Implications for the limited extrusion of the Tibetan Plateau. Tectonics,1996,15,171-186
Searle M., Corfield R.I., Stephenson B., et al. Structure of the North Indian continental marginin the Ladakh-Zanskar Himalayas: Implications for the timing of obduction of the Spontangophiolite, India-Asia collision and deformation events in the Himalaya. Geological Magazine,1997,134,297-316
Searle M., Windley B., Coward M., et al. The closing of Tethys and the tectonics of theHimalaya. Geological Society of America Bulletin,1987,98,678-701
Searle M.P., Khan M.A., Fraser J.E., et al. The tectonic evolution of the Kohistan-Karakoramcollision belt along the Karakoram Highway transect, north Pakistan. Tectonics,1999,18,929-949
Shen Z.K., Zhao C.K., Yin A., et al. Contemporary crustal deformation in east Asia constrainedby Global Positioning System measurements. Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth,2000,105,5721-5734
Si J., Voo R.V. Too‐low magnetic inclinations in central Asia: an indication of a long‐termTertiary non‐dipole field? Terra Nova,2001,13,471-478
Smith N.D. Sedimentology and bar formation in the upper Kicking Horse River, a braidedoutwash stream. The Journal of geology,1974,205-223
St-Onge M.R., Rayner N., Searle M.P. Zircon age determinations for the Ladakh batholith atChumathang (Northwest India): Implications for the age of the India-Asia collision in theLadakh Himalaya. Tectonophysics,2010,495,171-183
Sun D.L., Xu J.T.1991Outline of Permian, Jurassic and Cretaceous strata in Rutog region,Xizang (Tibet). in: D. L. Sun, Xu, J.T.(Ed.), The Permian.: Jurassic, and CretaceousStratigraphy and Paleontology in the Rutog Area, Tibet (China). Nanjing: Nanjing UniversityPress,1-41.
Sun J.M., Zhu R.X., An Z.S. Tectonic uplift in the northern Tibetan Plateau since13.7Ma agoinferred from molasse deposits along the Altyn Tagh Fault. Earth and Planetary ScienceLetters,2005,235,641-653
Sun Z., Pei J., Li H., et al. Paleomagnetism of late Cretaceous sediments from southern Tibet:Evidence for the consistent paleolatitudes of the southern margin of Eurasia prior to thecollision with India. Gondwana Research,2012,21,53-63
Sun Z J.W., Pei JL, Li H. New early Cretaceous paleomagnetic data from volcanic of theeastern Lhasa Block and its tectonic implications. Acta Petrol Sin,2008,24,1621–1626
Sun Z.M., Jiang W., Li H.B., et al. New paleomagnetic results of Paleocene volcanic rocks fromthe Lhasa block: Tectonic implications for the collision of India and Asia. Tectonophysics,2010,490,257-266
Swanson-Hysell N., Barbeau Jr D.L. The diachroneity of alluvial-fan lithostratigraphy? A testcase from southeastern Ebro basin magnetostratigraphy. Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2007,262,343-362
Tan F W, Wang J, T L.Y. Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous strata and their sedimentarycharacteristics in the Qiangtang Basin, northern Tibet. Geology in China,2004,31,20-27
Tan X., Kodama K.P., Gilder S., et al. Rock magnetic evidence for inclination shallowing in thePassaic Formation red beds from the Newark basin and a systematic bias of the Late Triassicapparent polar wander path for North America. Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2007,254,345-357
Tan X., Kodama K.P., Chen H., et al. Paleomagnetism and magnetic anisotropy of Cretaceousred beds from the Tarim basin, northwest China: Evidence for a rock magnetic cause ofanomalously shallow paleomagnetic inclinations from central Asia. Journal of GeophysicalResearch,2003,108,2107
Tan X.D., Gilder S., Kodama K.P., et al. New paleomagnetic results from the Lhasa block:Revised estimation of latitudinal shortening across Tibet and implications for dating theIndia-Asia collision. Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2010,293,396-404
Tapponnier P., Peltzer G., Armijo R. On the mechanics of the collision between India and Asia.Geological Society, London, Special Publications,1986,19,113-157
Tapponnier P., Armijo R., Manighetti I., et al. Bookshelf faulting and horizontal block rotationsbetween overlapping rifts in southern Afar. Geophysical Research Letters,1990,17,1-4
Tapponnier P., Peltzer G., Le Dain A., et al. Propagating extrusion tectonics in Asia: Newinsights from simple experiments with plasticine. Geology,1982,10,611-616
Tapponnier P., Zhiqin X., Roger F., et al. Oblique stepwise rise and growth of the Tibet Plateau.Science,2001,294,1671
Tauxe L. Inclination flattening and the geocentric axial dipole hypothesis. Earth and PlanetaryScience Letters,2005,233,247-261
Tauxe L., Kent D.V. A simplified statistical model for the geomagnetic field and the detectionof shallow bias in paleomagnetic inclinations: was the ancient magnetic field dipolar.Timescales of the Paleomagnetic field,2004,145,101-115
Tauxe L., Mullender T., Pick T. Potbellies, wasp-waists, and superparamagnetism in magnetichysteresis. Journal of Geophysical Research-all Series,1996,101,571-583
Taylor M., Yin A., Ryerson F., et al. Conjugate strike-slip faulting along the Bangong-Nujiangsuture zone accommodates coeval east-west extension and north-south shortening in theinterior of the Tibetan Plateau. Tectonics,2003b,22,1044
Thomas J.C., Chauvin A., Gapais D., et al. Paleomagnetic Evidence for Cenozoic BlockRotations in the Tajik Depression (Central-Asia). Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth,1994,99,15141-15160
Thomas J.C., Lanza R., Kazansky A., et al. Paleomagnetic study of Cenozoic sediments fromthe Zaisan basin (SE Kazakhstan) and the Chuya depression (Siberian Altai): tectonicimplications for central Asia. Tectonophysics,2002,351,119-137
Tong Y., Yang Z.Y., Zheng L., et al. Early Paleocene paleomagnetic results from southernTibet, and tectonic implications. International Geology Review,2008,50,546-562
Torsvik T.H., Muller R.D., Van der Voo R., et al. Global plate motion frames: Toward a unifiedmodel. Reviews of Geophysics,2008,46,1-44
Torsvik T.H., Paulsen T.S., Hughes N.C., et al. The Tethyan Himalaya: paleogeographical andtectonic constraints from Ordovician paleomagnetic data. Journal of the Geological Society,2009,166,679-687
Torsvik T.H., Van der Voo R., Preeden U., et al. Phanerozoic polar wander, paleogeographyand dynamics. Earth-Science Reviews,2012,114,325–368
Van der Voo R. The reliability of paleomagnetic data. Tectonophysics,1990,184,1-9
Van der Voo R., Torsvik T.H. Evidence for late Paleozoic and Mesozoic non-dipole fieldsprovides an explanation for the Pangea reconstruction problems. Earth and Planetary ScienceLetters,2001,187,71-81
van Hinsbergen D.J.J., Steinberger B., Doubrovine P.V., et al. Acceleration and deceleration ofIndia-Asia convergence since the Cretaceous: Roles of mantle plumes and continental collision.Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth,2011a,116, B06101
van Hinsbergen D.J.J., Kapp P., Dupont-Nivet G., et al. Restoration of Cenozoic deformation inAsia and the size of Greater India. Tectonics,2011b,30, TC5003
van Hinsbergen D.J.J., Lippertc P.C., Dupont-Nivet G., et al. Reply to Aitchison and Ali:Reconciling Himalayan ophiolite and Asian magmatic arc records with a two-stage India-Asiacollision model. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,2012a,109, E2646
van Hinsbergen D.J.J., Lippert P.C., Dupont-Nivet G., et al. Greater India Basin hypothesis anda two-stage Cenozoic collision between India and Asia. Proceedings of the National Academyof Sciences,2012b,109,7659-7664
Veevers J., Powell C.M.A., Johnson B. Greater India's place in Gondwanaland and in Asia.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,1975,27,383-387
Verosub K.L. Depositional and postdepositional processes in the magnetization of sediments.Reviews of Geophysics,1977,15,129-143
Wan X., Zhao W., Li G. Restudy of the upper Cretaceous in Gamba, Tibet. Geosciences,2000,14,281-285
Wang C., Li X., Hu X., et al. Latest marine horizon north of Qomolangma (Mt Everest):Implications for closure of Tethys seaway and collision tectonics. Terra Nova,2002,14,114-120
Wang C., Li X., Liu Z., et al. Revision of the Cretaceous-Paleogene stratigraphic framework,facies architecture and provenance of the Xigaze forearc basin along the Yarlung Zangbosuture zone. Gondwana Research,2011a,22,415-433
Wang C.S., Yi H.S. Geology Evolution and Oil and Gas Prospect Evaluation of QiangtangBasin in Tibet Beijing: Geological Publishing House,2001
Wang C.S., Zhao X.X., Liu Z.F., et al. Constraints on the early uplift history of the TibetanPlateau. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2008,105,4987-4992
Wang J.G., Hu X.M., Jansa L., et al. Provenance of the Upper Cretaceous-Eocene Deep-WaterSandstones in Sangdanlin, Southern Tibet: Constraints on the Timing of Initial India-AsiaCollision. Journal of Geology,2011b,119,293-309
Wang Q., Zhang P.Z., Freymueller J.T., et al. Present-day crustal deformation in Chinaconstrained by global positioning system measurements. Science,2001,294,574
Westphal M., Pozzi J.P., Zhou Y.X., et al. Paleomagnetic data about southern Tibet(Xizang)—The Cretaceous formations of the Lhasa block. Geophysical Journal of the RoyalAstronomical Society,1983,73,507-521
White L., Lister G. The collision of India with Asia. Journal of Geodynamics,2012,56,7-17
White L., Ahmad T., Lister G., et al. Is the switch from I-to S-type magmatism in theHimalayan Orogen indicative of the collision of India and Eurasia? Australian Journal of EarthSciences,2012,59,321-340
Willems H., Zhang B. Cretaceous and lower Tertiary sediments of the Tibetan Tethys Himalayain the area of Tingri (South Tibet, PR China). Geoscientific Investigation in the TethyanHimalayas. Berichte aus dem Fachbereich Geowissenschaften der Universit t Bremen,1993,38,28-47
Willems H., Zhou Z., Zhang B., et al. Stratigraphy of the Upper Cretaceous and Lower TertiaryStrata in the Tethyan Himalayas of Tibet (Tingri area, China). Geologische Rundschau,1996,85,723-754
Wortmann U.G. Paytan A. Rapid variability of seawater chemistry over the past130millionyears. Science,2012,337,334-336
Wu F.Y., Clift P.D., Yang J.H. Zircon Hf isotopic constraints on the sources of the IndusMolasse, Ladakh Himalaya, India. Tectonics,2007,26, TC2014
Xu R.-H., Sch rer U. Allègre C.J.,Magmatism and metamorphism in the Lhasa block (Tibet): Ageochronological study. The Journal of geology,1985,41-57
XZBGM, Regional Geology of Xizang Autonomous Region, China, with geologic map (1:1500000). Beijing: Geological Publishing House,1993
Yan M., VanderVoo R., Fang X., et al. Paleomagnetic evidence for a mid-Miocene clockwiserotation of about25of the Guide Basin area in NE Tibet. Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2006,241,234-247
Yang Z.Y., Besse J. Paleomagnetic Study of Permian and Mesozoic Sedimentary-Rocks fromNorthern Thailand Supports the Extrusion Model for Indo-China. Earth and Planetary ScienceLetters,1993,117,525-551
Yi H.S., Lin J.H., Zhao B., et al. New biostratigrahic data of the Qiangtang area in the NorthernTibetsn Plateau. Geological Review (China),2003,49,59-65
Yi Z., Huang B., Chen J., et al. Paleomagnetism of early Paleogene marine sediments insouthern Tibet, China: Implications to onset of the India-Asia collision and size of GreaterIndia. Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2011,309,153-165
Yin A. Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the Himalayan orogen as constrained by along-strikevariation of structural geometry, exhumation history, and foreland sedimentation.Earth-Science Reviews,2006,76,1-131
Yin A., Harrison T.M. Geologic evolution of the Himalayan-Tibetan orogen. Annual Review ofEarth and Planetary Sciences,2000,28,211-280
Yin A., Taylor M.H. Mechanics of V-shaped conjugate strike-slip faults and the correspondingcontinuum mode of continental deformation. Geological Society of America Bulletin,2011,123,1798-1821
Yin A., Rumelhart P.E., Butler R., et al. Tectonic history of the Altyn Tagh fault system innorthern Tibet inferred from Cenozoic sedimentation. Geological Society of America Bulletin,2002,114,1257-1295
Yin J., Xu J., Liu C., et al. The Tibetan plateau: regional stratigraphic context and previouswork. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical andPhysical Sciences,1988a,5-52
Yin J., Shun X., Wen C., et al. Mesozoic stratigraphy along the highway from Dangla pass inGyirong County to Saga (Gya’gya) County in South Xizang. J. Inst. Geol. Chin. Acad. Sci,1988b,3,80-95
Zachos J.C., Kump L.R. Carbon cycle feedbacks and the initiation of Antarctic glaciation in theearliest Oligocene. Global and Planetary Change,2005,47,51-66
Zhang K. Cretaceous paleogeography of Tibet and adjacent areas (China): tectonic implications.Cretaceous Research,2000,21,23-33
Zhang K.J., Xia B., Liang X. Mesozoic–Paleogene sedimentary facies and paleogeography ofTibet, western China: tectonic implications. Geological Journal,2002,37,217-246
Zhang K.J., Zhang Y.X., Tang X.C., et al. Late Mesozoic tectonic evolution and growth of theTibetan plateau prior to the Indo-Asian collision. Earth-Science Reviews,2012,114,236-249
Zhang K.J., Xia B.D., Wang G.M., et al. Early Cretaceous stratigraphy, depositionalenvironments, sandstone provenance, and tectonic setting of central Tibet, western China.Geological Society of America Bulletin,2004,116,1202-1222
Zhang P.Z., Shen Z., Wang M., et al. Continuous deformation of the Tibetan Plateau fromglobal positioning system data. Geology,2004,32,809-812
Zhang Q., Willems H., Ding L., et al. Initial India-Asia Continental Collision and ForelandBasin Evolution in the Tethyan Himalaya of Tibet: Evidence from Stratigraphy andPaleontology. The Journal of geology,2012,120,175-189
Zhang S.N., Wang C.S., Yu G.M. The alluvial fan and fan delta environment of late cretaceousand Paleogene period in Xiyaergang district, Tibet, China. Journal of Mineralogy andPetrology,1985,5.5-39
Zhao W.J., Nelson K.D. Deep Seismic-Reflection Evidence for Continental Underthrustingbeneath Southern Tibet. Nature,1993,366,557-559
Zhao Z. Z., Li Y. T., F. Y.H. Petroleum Geology in the Qiangtang Basin Beijing: Science Press,2001
Zhou S., Mo X.X., Dong G.C., et al. Ar-40-Ar-39geochronology of Cenozoic Linzizongvolcanic rocks from Linzhou Basin, Tibet, China, and their geological implications. ChineseScience Bulletin,2004,49,1970-1979
Zhu B., Kidd W.S.F., Rowley D.B., et al. Age of initiation of the India-Asia collision in theeast-central Himalaya. Journal of Geology,2005,113,265-285
Zhu B., Kidd W.S.F., Rowley D.B., et al. Age of initiation of the India-Asia collision in theeast-central Himalaya: A reply. Journal of Geology,2006,114,641-643
Zhu D.C., Pan G.-T., Chung S.-L., et al. SHRIMP zircon age and geochemical constraints onthe origin of Lower Jurassic volcanic rocks from the Yeba Formation, southern Gangdese,South Tibet. International Geology Review,2008,50,442-471
Zhu D.C., Zhao Z.-D., Niu Y., et al. The origin and pre-Cenozoic evolution of the TibetanPlateau. Gondwana Research,2012,1429-1454
Zhu D.C., Mo X.-X., Niu Y., et al. Geochemical investigation of Early Cretaceous igneousrocks along an east–west traverse throughout the central Lhasa Terrane, Tibet. ChemicalGeology,2009a,268,298-312
Zhu D.C., Zhao Z.-D., Pan G.-T., et al. Early cretaceous subduction-related adakite-like rocksof the Gangdese Belt, southern Tibet: Products of slab melting and subsequent melt–peridotiteinteraction? Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2009b,34,298-309
Zhu D.C., Zhao Z.D., Niu Y.L., et al. The Lhasa Terrane: Record of a microcontinent and itshistories of drift and growth. Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2011,301,241-255
Zahirovic S., Müller R.D., Seton M., et al. Insights on the kinematics of the India-Eurasia collisionfrom global geodynamic models. Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems.2012,13,Q04W11
Zijderveld J.,AC demagnetization of rocks: analysis of results. Methods in paleomagnetism,1967,254-268
丁林.西藏雅鲁藏布江缝合带古新世深水沉积和放射虫动物群的发现及对前陆盆地演化的制约.中国科学: D辑.2003,33,47-58
Einsele G. Dürr S., Frisch W., et al.西藏日喀则白垩纪弧前盆地:沉积物和盆地演化.岩相古地理,1993,13,30-31
万晓樵,王成善.西藏日喀则弧前盆地白垩纪有孔虫的发现及年代地层.地质学报,1997,71,195-201
万晓樵,丁林.西藏仲巴地区白垩纪末期——始新世早期海相地层.地层学杂志,2001,25,267-272
刘成杰、尹集祥、孙晓兴,等.西藏南部日喀则弧前盆地非复理石型海相上白垩统—下第三系.中国科学院地质研究所集刊,1988,3,130-157.
卢书炜,杜凤军,任建德.中华人民共和国区域地质调查报告尼玛区幅（H45C001003）：比例尺1:250000.武汉：中国地质大学出版社,2002
吴瑞忠.藏北羌塘地区地层系统,青藏高原地质文集(9).北京:地质出版社,1986,1-32.
夏代祥,刘世坤.西藏自治区岩石地层.武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1997,229-233.
张哨楠.西藏北部西雅尔岗地区白垩-第三纪沉积环境及成岩作用.[硕士学位论文].成都:成都理工大学,1984
李亚林,王成善,朱利东,等.西藏尼玛盆地油页岩的发现及其地质意义.地质通报,2010,29,1872-1874
李仕虎,黄宝春,朱日祥.青藏高原东南缘构造旋转的古地磁学证据.地球物理学报,2012,55,76-94
李才翟.,王立全,等.认识青藏高原的重要窗口——羌塘地区近年来研究进展评述(代序).地质通报,2009,28,1169-1177
武景龙,朱利东,杨文光,等.尼玛盆地南部古近系牛堡组沉积特征及其地质意义.华南地质与矿产,2011,27,59-63
王成善,李亚林,李永铁.青藏高原油气资源远景评价问题.石油学报,2006,4,1-7
王成善,刘志飞,李祥辉,等.日喀则弧前盆地与雅鲁藏布江缝合带动力学演化的关系.北京：地质出版社,1999
王波明,周家声,闻涛,等.西藏尼玛盆地陆相地层归属及其油气意义.天然气技术.2009a,3,21-24
王波明,周家声,闻涛,等.西藏尼玛盆地陆相地层归属及其油气意义.天然气技术,2009b,3,21-24
罗凯.西藏白垩纪中期到古近纪早期日喀则弧前盆地物源区分析,[硕士学位论文].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2012
罗本家,罗小平.西藏伦坡拉盆地石油地质特征初步认识.中扬油气勘查,1994,16-21
罗本家,戴光亚,潘泽雄.班公湖-丁青缝合带古近纪陆相盆地含油前景.地球科学,1996,21,163-167
莫宣学,赵志丹,周肃,等.印度-亚洲大陆碰撞的时限.地质通报,2007,26,1240-1244
莫宣学,赵志丹,邓晋福,等.印度-亚洲大陆主碰撞过程的火山作用响应.地学前缘,2003,135-148
郝杰,柴育成,李继亮.雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩的形成与日喀则弧前盆地沉积演化.地质科学,1999,34,1-9
郭铁鹰,梁定益,张宜智.西藏阿里地质.北京:地质出版社,1991
颜茂都,方小敏,张伟林,等.青藏高原东北部沉积物磁倾角变浅之成因探究.第四纪研究,2012,32,588-596
黄宝春,陈军山,易治宇.再论印度与亚洲大陆何时何地发生初始碰撞.地球物理学报,2010,53,2045-2058
黄继钧伊海生,林金辉.羌塘盆地构造特征及油气远景初步分析.地质科学,2003,39,1-10
黄辉,朱利东,杨文光,等.西藏尼玛北部新生代盆地沉积记录及控盆机理.地质通报,2012,31,936-942
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |