中国多金属结核开辟区海域的内部混合和近底层低频波动
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摘要
本文利用CTD与下放式ADCP的同步观测资料以及锚系观测，计算和分析了中国多金属结核开辟区区域内部混合和近底层低频流动特征。
第一章给出了本文的研究背景和进展，第二章简要总结了海洋内部混合的基本理论和物理原理，在第三种介绍了本文所采用的仪器和观测方法。第四章对历年温盐和表层流资料的进行了统计分析，给出了开辟区的温盐和表层流的分布特征和年变化特征：(1)表层水温在夏季呈南高北低的特点，温盐跃层较薄，中心位置在50～120米之间变化；(2)上层常年受北赤道流和北赤道逆流控制，其交界位于9°N附近。
第五章，基于简单的海洋内部湍流方程，通过温盐梯度和速度剪切观测计算了开辟区东、西区的温度耗散率、湍流动能耗散率、R_i数和湍流混合效率等混合参数，计算结果表明：(1)开辟区的温度耗散率为0.5×10~(-8)～5×10~(-8)°C~2／s，其最大值都集中在混合层以下的温跃层内，1200至海底的范围内具有极小的温度耗散率。(2)在500m以浅、1200～2000m以及离地约60m的范围内有较大水平流速剪切。16-m R_i数显示500m以浅的深度范围没有出现强混合过程，这主要是因为16-mR_i与混合强度的一致性不好。1500-2000m以及离地约50m的范围有多数小R_i数，表明这些范围内剪切不稳定性是主要的混合机制。(3)与大西洋深海底边界层不同，开辟区在温盐结构上不存在明显的底混合层，但速度剪切和颗粒物浓度的结构能显示明显的底边界层结构。(4)底边界层内的剪切不稳定性混合导致沉积物再悬浮，从而使底边界层内的颗粒物浓度迅速增加。
第六章，对1997年7月至1999年10月间布放在东、西区的深海锚系资料进行了分析和计算。对离底600米(mab)以内的近底层流资料低通滤波后的数据进行了统计分析，结果表明，开辟区近底层低频流动的时间尺度为25～120天，其中周期为51天左右的波动是低频振动的主要成分；地形对离底50米以内的低频流动有明显的影响；底层强化的剪切平流对低频波动的调制作用是产生层低流
梁楚进，中国科学院海洋研究所博十学位论文，200407
动垂向频移的动力机制。
关键词:中国开辟区混合湍流动能耗散率低频流动频移
The interior mixing and near-bottom low-frequecy currents of Chinese Pioneer Area (CPA) are analyzed based on the CTD and LADCP simultaneous observations and deep sea mooring observations.The general introduce and background are givn in chapter 1, basic theories and physical principle of ocean interior mixing are introduced in chapter 2 , and the instruments and observing methods used are discussed in chapter 3.In chapter 4 the distributions and annual variability characteristics of temperature, salinity and surface currents are statistically analyzed. In summer, the temperature of the south part of the area is higher than the north part. Both the main thermocline and the main halocline are thin and their depths range from 50 to 120m. (2) North Equatorial Current and North Equatorial Counter Current are the main currents most of the year in the upper sea of the area.In chapter 5, under the simply turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) equation, dissipation rate of TKE, dissipation rate of temperature variance, Richardson number(Ri) and mixing efficiency of both the east area and the west area are examined frommeasurements of both temperature gradient and velocity shears. The results of calculations show that (1) the dissipation rate of temperature variance of CPA is0.5×10-8~5×10-8 ℃2 /s , which high values are in the thermocline layer, and verylow values are in the range of 1200m to the bottom. (2) high horizontal velocity shears are found in the ranges of 0~500m, 1200~2000m and 60m above the bottom,but the low 16-m Ri,just dose not occur in the range of 0~500m. many lowRi numbers in the ranges of 1200~2000m and 60m above the bottom imply that theshear instabilities are main causes of the mixing. (3)No obvious bottom boundary layer structure is seen from temperature and salinity structure as that in the deepsea
in the Atlantic, but deep sea bottom boundary layers are obvious in the horizontal velocity shears and the particle concentration structures near the bottom. (4) Mixing by shear instability causes rapidly increase of suspended particular concentration in the bottom boundary layer.Data of two deep-sea moorings deployed respectively in the east area and the west area of CPA to monitor the regional deep-sea dynamics below 600 meters above bottom (mab) since July 1997 to Oct. 1999. are analyzed In chapter6. Results of statistics, spectral estimate and correlation analysis of the low-passed velocity data show that time scales of low-frequency components of the near-bottom currents are 25~120-day, in which 51-day period dominates the lower band of the frequency domain; Topographic features have obvious effect on low-frequency currents below 50mab: modulations of the bottom-intensified sheared mean flow to the low-frequency currents is the dynamic mechanism of the frequency shift that occurs both in the east-area and the west-area.
第一章给出了本文的研究背景和进展，第二章简要总结了海洋内部混合的基本理论和物理原理，在第三种介绍了本文所采用的仪器和观测方法。第四章对历年温盐和表层流资料的进行了统计分析，给出了开辟区的温盐和表层流的分布特征和年变化特征：(1)表层水温在夏季呈南高北低的特点，温盐跃层较薄，中心位置在50～120米之间变化；(2)上层常年受北赤道流和北赤道逆流控制，其交界位于9°N附近。
第五章，基于简单的海洋内部湍流方程，通过温盐梯度和速度剪切观测计算了开辟区东、西区的温度耗散率、湍流动能耗散率、R_i数和湍流混合效率等混合参数，计算结果表明：(1)开辟区的温度耗散率为0.5×10~(-8)～5×10~(-8)°C~2／s，其最大值都集中在混合层以下的温跃层内，1200至海底的范围内具有极小的温度耗散率。(2)在500m以浅、1200～2000m以及离地约60m的范围内有较大水平流速剪切。16-m R_i数显示500m以浅的深度范围没有出现强混合过程，这主要是因为16-mR_i与混合强度的一致性不好。1500-2000m以及离地约50m的范围有多数小R_i数，表明这些范围内剪切不稳定性是主要的混合机制。(3)与大西洋深海底边界层不同，开辟区在温盐结构上不存在明显的底混合层，但速度剪切和颗粒物浓度的结构能显示明显的底边界层结构。(4)底边界层内的剪切不稳定性混合导致沉积物再悬浮，从而使底边界层内的颗粒物浓度迅速增加。
第六章，对1997年7月至1999年10月间布放在东、西区的深海锚系资料进行了分析和计算。对离底600米(mab)以内的近底层流资料低通滤波后的数据进行了统计分析，结果表明，开辟区近底层低频流动的时间尺度为25～120天，其中周期为51天左右的波动是低频振动的主要成分；地形对离底50米以内的低频流动有明显的影响；底层强化的剪切平流对低频波动的调制作用是产生层低流
梁楚进，中国科学院海洋研究所博十学位论文，200407
动垂向频移的动力机制。
关键词:中国开辟区混合湍流动能耗散率低频流动频移
The interior mixing and near-bottom low-frequecy currents of Chinese Pioneer Area (CPA) are analyzed based on the CTD and LADCP simultaneous observations and deep sea mooring observations.The general introduce and background are givn in chapter 1, basic theories and physical principle of ocean interior mixing are introduced in chapter 2 , and the instruments and observing methods used are discussed in chapter 3.In chapter 4 the distributions and annual variability characteristics of temperature, salinity and surface currents are statistically analyzed. In summer, the temperature of the south part of the area is higher than the north part. Both the main thermocline and the main halocline are thin and their depths range from 50 to 120m. (2) North Equatorial Current and North Equatorial Counter Current are the main currents most of the year in the upper sea of the area.In chapter 5, under the simply turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) equation, dissipation rate of TKE, dissipation rate of temperature variance, Richardson number(Ri) and mixing efficiency of both the east area and the west area are examined frommeasurements of both temperature gradient and velocity shears. The results of calculations show that (1) the dissipation rate of temperature variance of CPA is0.5×10-8~5×10-8 ℃2 /s , which high values are in the thermocline layer, and verylow values are in the range of 1200m to the bottom. (2) high horizontal velocity shears are found in the ranges of 0~500m, 1200~2000m and 60m above the bottom,but the low 16-m Ri,just dose not occur in the range of 0~500m. many lowRi numbers in the ranges of 1200~2000m and 60m above the bottom imply that theshear instabilities are main causes of the mixing. (3)No obvious bottom boundary layer structure is seen from temperature and salinity structure as that in the deepsea
in the Atlantic, but deep sea bottom boundary layers are obvious in the horizontal velocity shears and the particle concentration structures near the bottom. (4) Mixing by shear instability causes rapidly increase of suspended particular concentration in the bottom boundary layer.Data of two deep-sea moorings deployed respectively in the east area and the west area of CPA to monitor the regional deep-sea dynamics below 600 meters above bottom (mab) since July 1997 to Oct. 1999. are analyzed In chapter6. Results of statistics, spectral estimate and correlation analysis of the low-passed velocity data show that time scales of low-frequency components of the near-bottom currents are 25~120-day, in which 51-day period dominates the lower band of the frequency domain; Topographic features have obvious effect on low-frequency currents below 50mab: modulations of the bottom-intensified sheared mean flow to the low-frequency currents is the dynamic mechanism of the frequency shift that occurs both in the east-area and the west-area.
引文
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