折射波法在堤坝病害探查中的应用研究
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摘要
近几年来,水利基本建设已在我国经济建设中摆在越来越重要的位置。我国江河堤防近26万公里,水库8万多座,病险水库堤坝占有率较高。应用地球物理(无损)检测监测方法与技术,在及时发现隐患,对症治理中具有十分重要的意义。堤坝的主要病害有:渗漏、裂缝、滑坡、孔洞、软弱层、坍塌崩岸、涵管破裂。论文用了相当的篇幅对浅层地震折射波法的基本原理进行了阐述,指出折射波具有五个重要特性即折射波存在盲区;高速层会对折射波起屏蔽作用,但屏蔽作用具有相对性;薄层对折射波具有选择作用;大地对折射波具有滤波作用;影响折射波的速度因素主要为孔隙度,孔隙中充填物及地层的埋藏深度。然后对折射波野外信息采集进行了仔细说明。针对堤坝病害这一具体探查对象进行了较为细致地野外工作方法介绍。指出进行折射波勘探时要重视干扰波调查、激发条件、接收条件、观测系统、检波距、测线长度、仪器因素。在资料解释一章中介绍了目前对折射波进行解释的八种方法:波前法、加减法、哈莱斯法、延迟时间法、T_0法、互换法、广义互换法、数值法。并指出最常用的是T_0法,推荐在折射波解释方法中使用广义互换法。论文以贵铝赤泥库堤坝探测为例,通过流程式的介绍,说明了针对具体问题时应该如何应用理论知识来指导生产实践。论文最后谈及了在运用折射波法对堤坝病害进行探查时的三点体会,并指出了折射波法探测中的两点不足。
论文归纳了一整套应用浅层地震折射波法对堤坝病害进行探查的具体工作方法,为以后运用折射波进行堤坝隐患探测提供了参考应用的施工技术路线,特别是推荐了折射波解释方面的一种更为合理的方式方法。
In the last few years, the water conservancy capital construction is already put in the more and more important position in our country economic developments. There are near 26 ten thousand kilometers embankment and 8 ten thousand reservoirs in our country, the proportion of the disease in the dike is high. Applying the method and technique of geophysics (have no damage ) have a important meaning for discovering the diseases. The main disease of the dike include: Seepage, crack, slip, cave, weak layer, collapse, pipe breach. The thesis used a lot of space describe the basic principle of shallow seismic in the refraction method, it point out that the refraction have five important characteristics: have blind area; the super-speed layer have the shield function, but the shield function is opposite; the thin layer have the choose function; the earth have the filter function. The influence factor to the refract rate have the degree of the crack, filling and geologic strata depth. Aim at the dike diseases, the thesis have a careful elucidation to the information collected of the refraction in the open country. Point out to attach importance to the investigation of interference wave、the condition of stir and receive、inspect system、the space of the detector、the length of the line、instrument factor in the process of refraction exploring. In the chapter of data explaining, it introduced eight kinds of refract methods at present: ex- wave method, add and subtract method, Hales method, delay-time method, T_0 method, exchange method, extend exchange method, the number method. Point out the most common use is T_0 method, and recommend to adopt extend exchange method to interpretate the seismic refraction. The thesis takes the example of the red mud reservoir to explain how to solve the problem of applying theory knowledge guiding to the fulfillment. The thesis refers three points of thinks and two point of fault in the use of method.
The thesis concludes a set of seismic refraction methods to detect the disease of dike, provide a technique way for reference and appliance, especially recommending a more reasonable method of the seismic refraction interpretation.
论文归纳了一整套应用浅层地震折射波法对堤坝病害进行探查的具体工作方法,为以后运用折射波进行堤坝隐患探测提供了参考应用的施工技术路线,特别是推荐了折射波解释方面的一种更为合理的方式方法。
In the last few years, the water conservancy capital construction is already put in the more and more important position in our country economic developments. There are near 26 ten thousand kilometers embankment and 8 ten thousand reservoirs in our country, the proportion of the disease in the dike is high. Applying the method and technique of geophysics (have no damage ) have a important meaning for discovering the diseases. The main disease of the dike include: Seepage, crack, slip, cave, weak layer, collapse, pipe breach. The thesis used a lot of space describe the basic principle of shallow seismic in the refraction method, it point out that the refraction have five important characteristics: have blind area; the super-speed layer have the shield function, but the shield function is opposite; the thin layer have the choose function; the earth have the filter function. The influence factor to the refract rate have the degree of the crack, filling and geologic strata depth. Aim at the dike diseases, the thesis have a careful elucidation to the information collected of the refraction in the open country. Point out to attach importance to the investigation of interference wave、the condition of stir and receive、inspect system、the space of the detector、the length of the line、instrument factor in the process of refraction exploring. In the chapter of data explaining, it introduced eight kinds of refract methods at present: ex- wave method, add and subtract method, Hales method, delay-time method, T_0 method, exchange method, extend exchange method, the number method. Point out the most common use is T_0 method, and recommend to adopt extend exchange method to interpretate the seismic refraction. The thesis takes the example of the red mud reservoir to explain how to solve the problem of applying theory knowledge guiding to the fulfillment. The thesis refers three points of thinks and two point of fault in the use of method.
The thesis concludes a set of seismic refraction methods to detect the disease of dike, provide a technique way for reference and appliance, especially recommending a more reasonable method of the seismic refraction interpretation.
引文
[1]葛双成,章晓桦,刘超英等.堤坝隐患物理探测方法及其应用[J].浙江水利科技,2005,(5):36-39
[2]冷元宝,朱文仲,何剑等.我国堤坝隐患及渗漏探测技术现状及展望[J].水利水电科技进展,2002,22(2):59-62
[3]郭玉松,毋光荣,袁江华.堤防隐患探测技术综述[J].水利技术监督,2002,(5):40-42
[4]王传雷,祁明松,许顺芳.堤防隐患及其勘查[J].地质装备,2001,2(4):13-15
[5]张震夏,堤坝隐患检测的方法与仪器[J].大坝与安全.2004,(1):1-8
[6]肖柏勋.我国堤防隐患快速无损探测技术的现状与思考[J].工程地球物理学进展,2000,9-16
[7]邓习珠,肖明.堤坝隐患电法探测技术的应用[J].江西水利科技,1990,16(2):5-8
[8]朱德兵.工程地球物理方法技术研究现状综述[J].地球物理学进展,2002,17(1):163-170
[9]冷元宝,黄建通,张震夏等.堤坝隐患探测技术研究进展[J].地球物理学进展,2003,18(3):370-379
[10]王兴泰.工程与环境物探新方法新技术[M].北京:中国地质出版社,1996
[11]范中原,许刚林.综合物探技术研究及其应用[J].水力发电,2001(8):30-31
[12]石林珂,冷元宝,孙文怀等.堤坝隐患探测资料多维灰色综合评估方法[J].地球物理学进展,2002,20(1):252-256
[13]石念增,刘康和.堤防隐患探测实例分析[J].地质灾害与环境保护,2005,16(4):376-382
[14]李广诚,司富安,杜忠信等.堤防工程地质勘察与评价[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社.2004
[15]朱广生,陈传仁,桂志先.勘探地震学教程.武汉大学出版社.2005
[16]冯兵,孙渊,李貅.工程及水文物探教程.陕西人民教育出版社.2003
[17]陆基孟.地震勘探原理.石油大学出版社.2004
[18]廖全涛,陈增运,超浅层地震勘探中防空洞表现的特征和规律,工程勘察,1999,(6),58-59
[19]浅层地震勘查技术规范.DZ/T 0170-1997陈国强,王庆苗.物探方法在坝身质量检测中的应用[J].大坝与安全,2002(6):32-34
[20]周绪文.反射波地震勘探方法[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1981.
[21]浅层地震勘查技术规范.DZ/T 0170-1997
[22]Elizabeth Fisher.George A McMechan.A Peter Annan.et al.Examples of reverse-time migration of single-channel ground-penetrating radar profiles[J].Geophysics,1992,57(4)
[23]Kayabali K,Yuksel F A,Yeken T.Integrated use of hydrochemistry and resistivity methods in ground-water contamination caused by a recently closed solid waste site[J].Environmental Geology,1998,36(34):227-234
[24]王振东.浅层地震勘探应用技术[M].北京:地质出版社,1988
[25]何樵登.地震勘探原理和方法.北京:地质出版社,1986.
[26]俞寿朋.高分辨率地震勘探[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1994.
[27]姚姚,詹正彬,钱绍湖.地震勘探新技术与新方法.武汉市:中国地质大学出版社,1991.
[28]Rechtien,R.D.;Greenfield,R.J.;Ballard Jr,R.F.Tunnel signature prediction for a cross-borehole seismic survey.International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts Volume:32,Issue:7,October,1995,pp.331A
[29]刘兆琦.涡流地震检波器的特性及测试方法的研究[J].地球物理学报,1989,32(5).
[30]JonesSM.The effect of degree of saturationonul-trasonicvelo city and attenuation insandstones.Ex-pandedAbstractsof67thSEGMtg,1997.
[31]张全生,应用浅层地震技术勘查岩溶及溶洞,中国煤田地质,2001,13(2),71-72
[32]中国地球物理学会(编),中国地球物理学会年刊,北京,地震出版社,2002,168-173
[33]中国地球物理学会(编),中国地球物理学会年刊,北京,地震出版社,2004,528-533
[34]中国地球物理学会勘探地地球物理专业委员会水资源、工程物探学组,中国水文、工程、环境物探的回顾和展望,地球物理学报,1997,40(增刊),319-338
[35]李正文(编著),高分辨率地震勘探,第一版,成都,成都科技大学出版社,1993,1-179
[36]中国地球物理学会勘探地地球物理专业委员会水资源、工程物探学组,中国水文、工程、环境物探的回顾和展望,地球物理学报,1997,40(增刊),369-378
[37]包晓峰.浅层地震勘探技术的应用[J].青海交通科技,2006,(3):13-14
[38]李澎,王山山.浅层地震反射方法在工程物探中的应用[J].物探化探计算技术,2004,26(3):227-230
[39]牟永光主编.地震勘探资料数字处理方法.北京:地质出版社.1984.
[40]吴有亮,雷苑,李金玺等.溶洞的浅层地震反射特征及工程应用[J].工程勘察,2006,(4):73-76
[41]葛建国,何相礼,陶建基.浅层地震反射波探测法在堤坝上的应用[J].水利工程管理技术,1993,(1):30-32
[42]戴前伟,冯德山,何继善.Kirchhoff偏移法在探地雷达正演图像处理中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(3):849-853
[43]戴前伟,冯德山,何继善,Finite difference time domain method forward simulation of complex geoelectricity ground penetrating radar model[J].Journal of Central South University of Technology,2005,12(4):478-482
[44]谢忠球,浅层地震探测技术应用中的分辨率问题,矿产与地质,1999,13(2),112-114
[45]Broyden C G.A class of methods for solving nonlinear simultaneous equations[J].Mathematics of computation.1965,19:577
[46]R F Churchhouse.Numerical Methods,Handbook of Applicable Mathematicsv Vol.Ⅲ[[M].John Wiley & Sons Ltd.,1981.
[47]姚姚.地球物理反演基本理论与应用方法[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,2002
[48]王家映.地球物理反演理论[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2002
[49]张胜业,潘玉玲(主编),应用地球物理学原理,第一版,武汉,中国地质大学出版社,2004,299-369
[50]俞寿朋.高分辨率地震勘探[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1994.
[51]侯卫生,刘江平,工程地震勘探新进展,勘探地球物理进展,2002,25(6),69-64
[2]冷元宝,朱文仲,何剑等.我国堤坝隐患及渗漏探测技术现状及展望[J].水利水电科技进展,2002,22(2):59-62
[3]郭玉松,毋光荣,袁江华.堤防隐患探测技术综述[J].水利技术监督,2002,(5):40-42
[4]王传雷,祁明松,许顺芳.堤防隐患及其勘查[J].地质装备,2001,2(4):13-15
[5]张震夏,堤坝隐患检测的方法与仪器[J].大坝与安全.2004,(1):1-8
[6]肖柏勋.我国堤防隐患快速无损探测技术的现状与思考[J].工程地球物理学进展,2000,9-16
[7]邓习珠,肖明.堤坝隐患电法探测技术的应用[J].江西水利科技,1990,16(2):5-8
[8]朱德兵.工程地球物理方法技术研究现状综述[J].地球物理学进展,2002,17(1):163-170
[9]冷元宝,黄建通,张震夏等.堤坝隐患探测技术研究进展[J].地球物理学进展,2003,18(3):370-379
[10]王兴泰.工程与环境物探新方法新技术[M].北京:中国地质出版社,1996
[11]范中原,许刚林.综合物探技术研究及其应用[J].水力发电,2001(8):30-31
[12]石林珂,冷元宝,孙文怀等.堤坝隐患探测资料多维灰色综合评估方法[J].地球物理学进展,2002,20(1):252-256
[13]石念增,刘康和.堤防隐患探测实例分析[J].地质灾害与环境保护,2005,16(4):376-382
[14]李广诚,司富安,杜忠信等.堤防工程地质勘察与评价[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社.2004
[15]朱广生,陈传仁,桂志先.勘探地震学教程.武汉大学出版社.2005
[16]冯兵,孙渊,李貅.工程及水文物探教程.陕西人民教育出版社.2003
[17]陆基孟.地震勘探原理.石油大学出版社.2004
[18]廖全涛,陈增运,超浅层地震勘探中防空洞表现的特征和规律,工程勘察,1999,(6),58-59
[19]浅层地震勘查技术规范.DZ/T 0170-1997陈国强,王庆苗.物探方法在坝身质量检测中的应用[J].大坝与安全,2002(6):32-34
[20]周绪文.反射波地震勘探方法[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1981.
[21]浅层地震勘查技术规范.DZ/T 0170-1997
[22]Elizabeth Fisher.George A McMechan.A Peter Annan.et al.Examples of reverse-time migration of single-channel ground-penetrating radar profiles[J].Geophysics,1992,57(4)
[23]Kayabali K,Yuksel F A,Yeken T.Integrated use of hydrochemistry and resistivity methods in ground-water contamination caused by a recently closed solid waste site[J].Environmental Geology,1998,36(34):227-234
[24]王振东.浅层地震勘探应用技术[M].北京:地质出版社,1988
[25]何樵登.地震勘探原理和方法.北京:地质出版社,1986.
[26]俞寿朋.高分辨率地震勘探[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1994.
[27]姚姚,詹正彬,钱绍湖.地震勘探新技术与新方法.武汉市:中国地质大学出版社,1991.
[28]Rechtien,R.D.;Greenfield,R.J.;Ballard Jr,R.F.Tunnel signature prediction for a cross-borehole seismic survey.International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts Volume:32,Issue:7,October,1995,pp.331A
[29]刘兆琦.涡流地震检波器的特性及测试方法的研究[J].地球物理学报,1989,32(5).
[30]JonesSM.The effect of degree of saturationonul-trasonicvelo city and attenuation insandstones.Ex-pandedAbstractsof67thSEGMtg,1997.
[31]张全生,应用浅层地震技术勘查岩溶及溶洞,中国煤田地质,2001,13(2),71-72
[32]中国地球物理学会(编),中国地球物理学会年刊,北京,地震出版社,2002,168-173
[33]中国地球物理学会(编),中国地球物理学会年刊,北京,地震出版社,2004,528-533
[34]中国地球物理学会勘探地地球物理专业委员会水资源、工程物探学组,中国水文、工程、环境物探的回顾和展望,地球物理学报,1997,40(增刊),319-338
[35]李正文(编著),高分辨率地震勘探,第一版,成都,成都科技大学出版社,1993,1-179
[36]中国地球物理学会勘探地地球物理专业委员会水资源、工程物探学组,中国水文、工程、环境物探的回顾和展望,地球物理学报,1997,40(增刊),369-378
[37]包晓峰.浅层地震勘探技术的应用[J].青海交通科技,2006,(3):13-14
[38]李澎,王山山.浅层地震反射方法在工程物探中的应用[J].物探化探计算技术,2004,26(3):227-230
[39]牟永光主编.地震勘探资料数字处理方法.北京:地质出版社.1984.
[40]吴有亮,雷苑,李金玺等.溶洞的浅层地震反射特征及工程应用[J].工程勘察,2006,(4):73-76
[41]葛建国,何相礼,陶建基.浅层地震反射波探测法在堤坝上的应用[J].水利工程管理技术,1993,(1):30-32
[42]戴前伟,冯德山,何继善.Kirchhoff偏移法在探地雷达正演图像处理中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(3):849-853
[43]戴前伟,冯德山,何继善,Finite difference time domain method forward simulation of complex geoelectricity ground penetrating radar model[J].Journal of Central South University of Technology,2005,12(4):478-482
[44]谢忠球,浅层地震探测技术应用中的分辨率问题,矿产与地质,1999,13(2),112-114
[45]Broyden C G.A class of methods for solving nonlinear simultaneous equations[J].Mathematics of computation.1965,19:577
[46]R F Churchhouse.Numerical Methods,Handbook of Applicable Mathematicsv Vol.Ⅲ[[M].John Wiley & Sons Ltd.,1981.
[47]姚姚.地球物理反演基本理论与应用方法[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,2002
[48]王家映.地球物理反演理论[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2002
[49]张胜业,潘玉玲(主编),应用地球物理学原理,第一版,武汉,中国地质大学出版社,2004,299-369
[50]俞寿朋.高分辨率地震勘探[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1994.
[51]侯卫生,刘江平,工程地震勘探新进展,勘探地球物理进展,2002,25(6),69-64