上海清水湾居住区植物景观评价
|
摘要
居住区景观作为现代城市居住区整体环境的重要组成部分,是城市三大中心功能之一,是人类生存生活的四大基本需求之一。因此构建合理的居住区景观评价体系是非常重要的。
本文选取上海清水湾居住区植物景观为研究对象,从景观美景度、景观生态效益、景观公众满意度三个方面进行评价。通过层次模糊分析模型将定性评价和定量评价有机的结合起来,构建了综合评价模型并进行综合评价。该方法兼顾科学性、系统性、可操作性,为更好的进行城市园林景观建设提供参考。评价结果如下：
(1)采用SEB方法对两个小区三种不同绿地的植物景观进行了量化评价。结果表明树木的选择、配置和生长状态是造成景观差异的主要原因。同时不同绿地的使用功能不同反映出居住区三种不同绿地景观的效果有所差异,具体排列顺序为：公共活动空间绿地>宅旁绿地>道路绿地。
(2)从景观多样性、温度调节、湿度调节、空气负离子效应四个方面,综合评价了两个小区的植物景观生态效益。植物群落的温湿度调节能力在三个时间段由强到弱排序为：13：00-14：00>8：00-9：00>16：00-17：00,这与植物生理活动规律基本一致。而空气负离子效益能力(C1值)则表现为：13：00-14：00时段最低,其它两时段较高,这证明居住区内早、晚空气质量最好,而中午空气质量较差。
(3)通过问卷的形式从景观绿化质量、绿化维护质量、景观设施三个方面对小区居民满意程度进行了调查。结果表明景观绿化维护的好坏直接影响景观质量的优劣,景观设施的细节处理直接影响使用者的感受。
(4)通过层次模糊分析模型从景观美景度、景观生态效益、景观公众满意度三个方面构建了居住区景观植物综合评价体系,将定量评价与定性评价有机的结合起来,对局部产生的问题有针对性地提出改进意见,从而全面提高园林景观的综合效益。
Residential landscape is an importance part of modern city residential area's environment. It is one of the three centers functions of city and one of the four basic needs in human life. So it is very importance to construct propose evaluation system of residential plant landscape.
In this paper we choose residential plant landscape of Shanghai clean water bay and investigate using landscape beauty, landscape ecological benefits and public satisfaction of landscape to evaluate the landscape. We construct a comprehensive evaluation model by combining qualitative evaluation and quantitative evaluation in the model of AHP-fuzzy and give a comprehensive evaluation. This method has advantages such as scientific,-systematic and operational and it can give some help for building better city landscape. The results are as follows:
(1)The SEB method is used to evaluate three different plant landscapes in two communities. The results show that the choice of trees, equip and growth conditions are the main reasons that cause difference. At the same time the different use of different green residential area reflect the difference of plant landscape effect, the order is:public green space>building space>road green space.
(2)A comprehensive evaluation of the landscape ecological benefits is given from landscape diversity, temperature control, humidity control and air negative ion effects in two communities. Community eco-efficiency evaluation showed that the ability of plant to regulate temperature and humidity from strong to weak in three different periods is: 13:00-14:00>8:00-9:00>16:00-17:00. The result is consistent with regulation in'plant physiology. The effective capacity of the air negative ion(C1 value)is as follows:13:00-14:00 hours minimum, while the other two times higher. This indicated that in residential the best air quality is appearing at morning and evening and the poor air quality is appearing at noon.
(3)Community residents'satisfaction is investigated through questionnaire which containing landscape quality, landscape maintenance quality and landscape facilities. The results indicate that landscape maintenance quality have a direct impact on the quality of the landscape quality, detail of landscape facilities have a direct impact on the consumer feelings.
(4)A comprehensive evaluation model is constructed by using landscape beauty, landscape ecological benefits and public satisfaction of landscape through the model of AHP-fuzzy. The system is combining with qualitative evaluation and quantitative evaluation. Landscape comprehensive benefits can improved by improvement was given.
本文选取上海清水湾居住区植物景观为研究对象,从景观美景度、景观生态效益、景观公众满意度三个方面进行评价。通过层次模糊分析模型将定性评价和定量评价有机的结合起来,构建了综合评价模型并进行综合评价。该方法兼顾科学性、系统性、可操作性,为更好的进行城市园林景观建设提供参考。评价结果如下：
(1)采用SEB方法对两个小区三种不同绿地的植物景观进行了量化评价。结果表明树木的选择、配置和生长状态是造成景观差异的主要原因。同时不同绿地的使用功能不同反映出居住区三种不同绿地景观的效果有所差异,具体排列顺序为：公共活动空间绿地>宅旁绿地>道路绿地。
(2)从景观多样性、温度调节、湿度调节、空气负离子效应四个方面,综合评价了两个小区的植物景观生态效益。植物群落的温湿度调节能力在三个时间段由强到弱排序为：13：00-14：00>8：00-9：00>16：00-17：00,这与植物生理活动规律基本一致。而空气负离子效益能力(C1值)则表现为：13：00-14：00时段最低,其它两时段较高,这证明居住区内早、晚空气质量最好,而中午空气质量较差。
(3)通过问卷的形式从景观绿化质量、绿化维护质量、景观设施三个方面对小区居民满意程度进行了调查。结果表明景观绿化维护的好坏直接影响景观质量的优劣,景观设施的细节处理直接影响使用者的感受。
(4)通过层次模糊分析模型从景观美景度、景观生态效益、景观公众满意度三个方面构建了居住区景观植物综合评价体系,将定量评价与定性评价有机的结合起来,对局部产生的问题有针对性地提出改进意见,从而全面提高园林景观的综合效益。
Residential landscape is an importance part of modern city residential area's environment. It is one of the three centers functions of city and one of the four basic needs in human life. So it is very importance to construct propose evaluation system of residential plant landscape.
In this paper we choose residential plant landscape of Shanghai clean water bay and investigate using landscape beauty, landscape ecological benefits and public satisfaction of landscape to evaluate the landscape. We construct a comprehensive evaluation model by combining qualitative evaluation and quantitative evaluation in the model of AHP-fuzzy and give a comprehensive evaluation. This method has advantages such as scientific,-systematic and operational and it can give some help for building better city landscape. The results are as follows:
(1)The SEB method is used to evaluate three different plant landscapes in two communities. The results show that the choice of trees, equip and growth conditions are the main reasons that cause difference. At the same time the different use of different green residential area reflect the difference of plant landscape effect, the order is:public green space>building space>road green space.
(2)A comprehensive evaluation of the landscape ecological benefits is given from landscape diversity, temperature control, humidity control and air negative ion effects in two communities. Community eco-efficiency evaluation showed that the ability of plant to regulate temperature and humidity from strong to weak in three different periods is: 13:00-14:00>8:00-9:00>16:00-17:00. The result is consistent with regulation in'plant physiology. The effective capacity of the air negative ion(C1 value)is as follows:13:00-14:00 hours minimum, while the other two times higher. This indicated that in residential the best air quality is appearing at morning and evening and the poor air quality is appearing at noon.
(3)Community residents'satisfaction is investigated through questionnaire which containing landscape quality, landscape maintenance quality and landscape facilities. The results indicate that landscape maintenance quality have a direct impact on the quality of the landscape quality, detail of landscape facilities have a direct impact on the consumer feelings.
(4)A comprehensive evaluation model is constructed by using landscape beauty, landscape ecological benefits and public satisfaction of landscape through the model of AHP-fuzzy. The system is combining with qualitative evaluation and quantitative evaluation. Landscape comprehensive benefits can improved by improvement was given.
引文
[1]汪菊源.我国城市绿化园林建设的回顾与展望[J].中国园林,1992,8(1)：17-25.
[2]张庆费.城市生态绿化的概念和建设原则初探[J].中国园林,2001,(4)：34-36.
[3]胡运弊.上海建设现代化国际大都市的绿化发展方向初探[J].中国园林,2002,(5)：12-16
[4]Chen Zi Xin. City greening and the sustainable of city developmem. Chinese Landscape Architecture[J].1998,14(1):124-142
[5]Healey Patsv, Shaw Planners. Plans and sustainable development[J]. Regional Studies,1993,17(3):24-31
[6]WuChengzhao.The Theory and Way of Planning and Designing Travel and Relax in Modern Cites[M]. Beijing:China Architecture Industry Press,1998
[7]Wuchengzhao.The Theory And Way Of Planning and Designing Travel and Relax in Modern Cities[M].Beijing:China Architecture Industry Press,1998
[8]Xu Chun.To Great a exceptional sight of Garden City. Chinese Landscape Architecture[J].1998.31(1):12-16
[9]苏雪痕.植物造景[M].北京：中国林业出版社,1994.
[10]王淑芬,苏雪痕.质感与植物景观设计[J].北京工业大学学报,1995.21(2)：41-5.
[11]张庆费.城市生态绿化的概念和建设原则初探[J].中国园林,2001,(4)：34-36.
[12]李钰.植物造景经典案例研究[D].杭州：浙江大学,2005.
[13]冯敏敏.基于AHP-模糊综合评价模型的园林植物景观美感评价[J].杭州师范学院学报(自然科学版),2007,6(5):373-378.
[14]《城市居住区规划设计规范》(GB 50180-93)
[15]Goodey B. In Methods of Environmental Impact Assessment. London:Oxford Brooks University UCL press,1995:78-95
[16]Hull IV R B, Buhyoff G J.The scenic beauty temporal distribution method:An attempt to make scenic beauty assessment compatible with forest planning efforts. For Sci, 1986,32 (2):271-286
[17]陈听.现代居住区园林景观建构[D].南京林业大学硕士论文,2001
[18]白德懋.居住区规划与环境设计[M],北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1992
[19]陈自新等.北京城市园林绿化生态效益的研究[J].中国园林,1998.01：57-60
[20]梁蕴.植物配置中若干数量关系的研究[D].北京林业大学硕士论文.2004
[21]陈自新等.北京城市园林绿化生态效益的研究[J].中国园林,1998.01：57-60
[22]杨德威.寒地城市居住区冬季植物景观研究[D].东北林业大学硕士学位论文.2005
[23]王丽.住区环境景观研究[D].合肥工业大学硕士学位论文.2001
[24]李春梅.住宅区植物景观研究—以杭州住宅区为例[D].浙江大学硕士学位论文.2001
[25]范丕湘.成都市居住区绿化效益研究[D].四川农业大学硕士学位论文.2003.6
[26]王亚峰.封闭住区交往空间研究—以深圳市为例[D].深圳大学硕士学位论文.2005
[27]程袁华.深圳市居住区植物景观研究[D].西北农林科技大学硕士学位论文.2007
[28]Kaplan, S.& Kaplan, R. Cognition and Environment:Functioning in an Uncertain World.New York, NY:Praeger.1982
[29]陈宇.景观评价方法研究[J].室内设计与装修,2005,(3)：12-15.
[30]俞孔坚.自然风景评价研究BIB-LCJ法及群体差异与风景评价[J].北京：北京林业大学,1987：1-5；10-12
[31]孙振邦.常绿树在东北城市绿化中应用及景观评价[D].东北林业大学硕士论文.2005
[32]杨懿琨,陈亮明等.基于SBE法的长沙市居住区植物景观量化评价[J].中南林调规划,2007,(02)：35-38.
[33]郑岩.哈尔滨城市公园植物群落特征及其景观评价[D].东北林业大学硕士论文.2007,12-13
[34]郑小燕.株州城市公园植物景观生态评价研究[D].中南林业科技大学硕士论文.2006
[35]邱玲.居住区室外环境景观评价[D].西北农林科技大学硕士论文.2006
[36]徐岩岩.哈尔滨居住区植物景观评价[D].东北林业大学硕士论文.2006
[37]龙金花.北京当代居住区植物景观研究[D].中国农业科学院硕士论文.2006
[38]于守超,翟付顺等.基于SBE法的聊城市公园植物景观量化评价[J].北方园艺2009,(08)：223-226.
[39]Ted Stathopoul, Berliner and E. Shaviv. Integrated modeling of pedestrian energy exchange and thermal comfort in urban street canyons[J].Building and Environment,2006, 06:60(1632)
[40]Agnes Gulyas, Janos Unger and Andreas Matzarakis. Assessment of the microclimatic and human comfort conditions in a complex urban environment:Modelling and measurement[J].Building and Environment,2006,09:1713-1722
[41]N. Gaitani,GMihalakakou,M.Santamouris. On the use of bioclimatic architecture principles in order to improve thermal comfort conditions in outdoor spaces[J].Building and Environment,2007,42:317-324
[42]D. Walton, V. Dravitzki and M. Dorm. The relative influence of wind,sunlight and temperature on user comfort in urban outdoor spaces[J].Building and Environment,2006, 10:821-845
[43]Erik Johansson. Influence of urban geometry on outdoor thermal comfort in a hot dry climate:A study in Foz,Morocco[J].Building and Environment.2006,10:1326-1338
[44]Young D R,et al.Diffrerences in leaf structure.chlorophyll and nutrients for the understroy tree Asminatriloba[J]. Amer. J. Bot.,1987,74 (10):1487-1491
[45]冯采芹.绿化在城市碳氧平衡中的作用.绿化环境效应研究[M].北京：中国环境科学出 版社,1992
[46]刘福才等.城市绿地环境效益的研究[J].中国园林,1986,2(2)：10-11
[47]杜克勤,刘步军,吴昊.不同绿化树种温湿度效应的研究[J].农业环境保护,1997,16(6)：266-268
[48]刘凯昌,苏树权,江建发等.不同植被类型空气负离子状况初步调查[J].广东林业科技,2002,18(2)：37-39
[49]吴际友,程政红,龙应忠等.园林树种林分中空气负离子水平的变化[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2003,27(4)：78-80
[50]李昆仑.层次分析法在城市道路景观评价中的运用[J].武汉大学学报(工学版),2005,38(1)：143-147.
[51]虞晓芬,傅玳.多指标综合评价方法综述[J].统计与决策,2004,11：119-121.
[52]唐东芹,杨学军,许东新.园林植物景观评价方法及其应用[J].浙江林学院学报,2001,4：
[53]韩轶.包头市城市绿地现状评价[J].北京林业大学学报,2005,27(1)：64-69.
[54]黄国平.城市水系景观评价的模糊数学方法[J].中国园林,2002,(3)：16-18.
[55]曾小明.基于模糊数学的公路景观环境评价[J].公路,2003,(7)：120-122.
[56]谢花林.乡村景观美感效果评价指标体系及其模糊综合评价—以北京市海淀区温泉镇百家瞳村为例[J].中国园林,2003,(1)：59-61.
[57]段俊峰.机场环境景观模糊综合评价研究[J].国防交通工程与技术,2004,(1)：66-69.
[58]Zube, E.H., Pitt, D.C. and Anderson, T.W.,1975. Perception and prediction of scenicre source values of the northeast. In:Landscape Assessment:Values,Perceptions, and Resources. (Zube, E.H., Brush, R.O.and Julius Cx Fabos Eds.) Dowden, Hutchinson and Ross Stroudsbury, PA,367p.
[59]Daniel, T.C. and Boster, R.S.,1976. Measuring landscape esthetics:the scenic beauty estimation method. (USDA Forest Service Research Paper RM-167) Range Experiment Station.
[60]Jackson, R.Ⅱ. and Hudman, L.E.,1978. Assessment of the environmental impact of high
[61]Buhyoff, GJ., Leuschner, W.A. and Wellman, J.D.,1979. Aesthetic impacts of southern pine beetle damage. J. Environ. Manage.,8:261-267
[62]Buhyoff, GJ., Wellman, J.D. and Daniel, T.C.,1982. Predicting scenic beauty for mountain pine beetle and western spruce budworm damaged forest vistas. Forest Science, 28:827-838.
[63]Tips, W.E.J. and Savasdisara,1986. The influence of the environmental background of subjects on their landscape preference evaluation. Landscape and Urban Planning 13: 125-133.
[64]Daniel,T.C.and Foster,R.S.The Seenie Beauty Estimation Methoduring landscape estheties.1976.
[65]肖国增.重庆城市公园绿地植物景观评价研究[D],西南大学硕士论文,2007.
[66]邹建勤,宋丁全.定量AHP模型在城市居住区植物景观评价中的应用[J].金陵科技学院学报,2009,25(1)：66-69.
[67]A vissai R. Potential effects of vegetation on the urban thermal environment Atmosph[J].1996,30 (3):437-448
[68]黄娟.上海地区三种特殊类型绿地综合评价体系的研究[D].上海：华东师范大学,2006
[69]陈月华,王晓红.植物景观设计[M].长沙：国防科技大学出版社,2005.
[70]贺仲雄.模糊数学及其应用[M].天津：天津科学技术出版社,1982
[71]吴承照,曹霞.景观资源量化评价的主要方法(模型)———综述及比较[J].旅游科学,2005,19(1)：32-39
[72]陈月华,王晓红.植物景观设计[M].长沙：国防科技大学出版社,2005.
[73]杜栋,庞庆华.现代综合评价方法与案例精选[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2005
[74]卓丽环,陈龙清.园林树木学[M].北京：中国农业出版社,2005
[2]张庆费.城市生态绿化的概念和建设原则初探[J].中国园林,2001,(4)：34-36.
[3]胡运弊.上海建设现代化国际大都市的绿化发展方向初探[J].中国园林,2002,(5)：12-16
[4]Chen Zi Xin. City greening and the sustainable of city developmem. Chinese Landscape Architecture[J].1998,14(1):124-142
[5]Healey Patsv, Shaw Planners. Plans and sustainable development[J]. Regional Studies,1993,17(3):24-31
[6]WuChengzhao.The Theory and Way of Planning and Designing Travel and Relax in Modern Cites[M]. Beijing:China Architecture Industry Press,1998
[7]Wuchengzhao.The Theory And Way Of Planning and Designing Travel and Relax in Modern Cities[M].Beijing:China Architecture Industry Press,1998
[8]Xu Chun.To Great a exceptional sight of Garden City. Chinese Landscape Architecture[J].1998.31(1):12-16
[9]苏雪痕.植物造景[M].北京：中国林业出版社,1994.
[10]王淑芬,苏雪痕.质感与植物景观设计[J].北京工业大学学报,1995.21(2)：41-5.
[11]张庆费.城市生态绿化的概念和建设原则初探[J].中国园林,2001,(4)：34-36.
[12]李钰.植物造景经典案例研究[D].杭州：浙江大学,2005.
[13]冯敏敏.基于AHP-模糊综合评价模型的园林植物景观美感评价[J].杭州师范学院学报(自然科学版),2007,6(5):373-378.
[14]《城市居住区规划设计规范》(GB 50180-93)
[15]Goodey B. In Methods of Environmental Impact Assessment. London:Oxford Brooks University UCL press,1995:78-95
[16]Hull IV R B, Buhyoff G J.The scenic beauty temporal distribution method:An attempt to make scenic beauty assessment compatible with forest planning efforts. For Sci, 1986,32 (2):271-286
[17]陈听.现代居住区园林景观建构[D].南京林业大学硕士论文,2001
[18]白德懋.居住区规划与环境设计[M],北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1992
[19]陈自新等.北京城市园林绿化生态效益的研究[J].中国园林,1998.01：57-60
[20]梁蕴.植物配置中若干数量关系的研究[D].北京林业大学硕士论文.2004
[21]陈自新等.北京城市园林绿化生态效益的研究[J].中国园林,1998.01：57-60
[22]杨德威.寒地城市居住区冬季植物景观研究[D].东北林业大学硕士学位论文.2005
[23]王丽.住区环境景观研究[D].合肥工业大学硕士学位论文.2001
[24]李春梅.住宅区植物景观研究—以杭州住宅区为例[D].浙江大学硕士学位论文.2001
[25]范丕湘.成都市居住区绿化效益研究[D].四川农业大学硕士学位论文.2003.6
[26]王亚峰.封闭住区交往空间研究—以深圳市为例[D].深圳大学硕士学位论文.2005
[27]程袁华.深圳市居住区植物景观研究[D].西北农林科技大学硕士学位论文.2007
[28]Kaplan, S.& Kaplan, R. Cognition and Environment:Functioning in an Uncertain World.New York, NY:Praeger.1982
[29]陈宇.景观评价方法研究[J].室内设计与装修,2005,(3)：12-15.
[30]俞孔坚.自然风景评价研究BIB-LCJ法及群体差异与风景评价[J].北京：北京林业大学,1987：1-5；10-12
[31]孙振邦.常绿树在东北城市绿化中应用及景观评价[D].东北林业大学硕士论文.2005
[32]杨懿琨,陈亮明等.基于SBE法的长沙市居住区植物景观量化评价[J].中南林调规划,2007,(02)：35-38.
[33]郑岩.哈尔滨城市公园植物群落特征及其景观评价[D].东北林业大学硕士论文.2007,12-13
[34]郑小燕.株州城市公园植物景观生态评价研究[D].中南林业科技大学硕士论文.2006
[35]邱玲.居住区室外环境景观评价[D].西北农林科技大学硕士论文.2006
[36]徐岩岩.哈尔滨居住区植物景观评价[D].东北林业大学硕士论文.2006
[37]龙金花.北京当代居住区植物景观研究[D].中国农业科学院硕士论文.2006
[38]于守超,翟付顺等.基于SBE法的聊城市公园植物景观量化评价[J].北方园艺2009,(08)：223-226.
[39]Ted Stathopoul, Berliner and E. Shaviv. Integrated modeling of pedestrian energy exchange and thermal comfort in urban street canyons[J].Building and Environment,2006, 06:60(1632)
[40]Agnes Gulyas, Janos Unger and Andreas Matzarakis. Assessment of the microclimatic and human comfort conditions in a complex urban environment:Modelling and measurement[J].Building and Environment,2006,09:1713-1722
[41]N. Gaitani,GMihalakakou,M.Santamouris. On the use of bioclimatic architecture principles in order to improve thermal comfort conditions in outdoor spaces[J].Building and Environment,2007,42:317-324
[42]D. Walton, V. Dravitzki and M. Dorm. The relative influence of wind,sunlight and temperature on user comfort in urban outdoor spaces[J].Building and Environment,2006, 10:821-845
[43]Erik Johansson. Influence of urban geometry on outdoor thermal comfort in a hot dry climate:A study in Foz,Morocco[J].Building and Environment.2006,10:1326-1338
[44]Young D R,et al.Diffrerences in leaf structure.chlorophyll and nutrients for the understroy tree Asminatriloba[J]. Amer. J. Bot.,1987,74 (10):1487-1491
[45]冯采芹.绿化在城市碳氧平衡中的作用.绿化环境效应研究[M].北京：中国环境科学出 版社,1992
[46]刘福才等.城市绿地环境效益的研究[J].中国园林,1986,2(2)：10-11
[47]杜克勤,刘步军,吴昊.不同绿化树种温湿度效应的研究[J].农业环境保护,1997,16(6)：266-268
[48]刘凯昌,苏树权,江建发等.不同植被类型空气负离子状况初步调查[J].广东林业科技,2002,18(2)：37-39
[49]吴际友,程政红,龙应忠等.园林树种林分中空气负离子水平的变化[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2003,27(4)：78-80
[50]李昆仑.层次分析法在城市道路景观评价中的运用[J].武汉大学学报(工学版),2005,38(1)：143-147.
[51]虞晓芬,傅玳.多指标综合评价方法综述[J].统计与决策,2004,11：119-121.
[52]唐东芹,杨学军,许东新.园林植物景观评价方法及其应用[J].浙江林学院学报,2001,4：
[53]韩轶.包头市城市绿地现状评价[J].北京林业大学学报,2005,27(1)：64-69.
[54]黄国平.城市水系景观评价的模糊数学方法[J].中国园林,2002,(3)：16-18.
[55]曾小明.基于模糊数学的公路景观环境评价[J].公路,2003,(7)：120-122.
[56]谢花林.乡村景观美感效果评价指标体系及其模糊综合评价—以北京市海淀区温泉镇百家瞳村为例[J].中国园林,2003,(1)：59-61.
[57]段俊峰.机场环境景观模糊综合评价研究[J].国防交通工程与技术,2004,(1)：66-69.
[58]Zube, E.H., Pitt, D.C. and Anderson, T.W.,1975. Perception and prediction of scenicre source values of the northeast. In:Landscape Assessment:Values,Perceptions, and Resources. (Zube, E.H., Brush, R.O.and Julius Cx Fabos Eds.) Dowden, Hutchinson and Ross Stroudsbury, PA,367p.
[59]Daniel, T.C. and Boster, R.S.,1976. Measuring landscape esthetics:the scenic beauty estimation method. (USDA Forest Service Research Paper RM-167) Range Experiment Station.
[60]Jackson, R.Ⅱ. and Hudman, L.E.,1978. Assessment of the environmental impact of high
[61]Buhyoff, GJ., Leuschner, W.A. and Wellman, J.D.,1979. Aesthetic impacts of southern pine beetle damage. J. Environ. Manage.,8:261-267
[62]Buhyoff, GJ., Wellman, J.D. and Daniel, T.C.,1982. Predicting scenic beauty for mountain pine beetle and western spruce budworm damaged forest vistas. Forest Science, 28:827-838.
[63]Tips, W.E.J. and Savasdisara,1986. The influence of the environmental background of subjects on their landscape preference evaluation. Landscape and Urban Planning 13: 125-133.
[64]Daniel,T.C.and Foster,R.S.The Seenie Beauty Estimation Methoduring landscape estheties.1976.
[65]肖国增.重庆城市公园绿地植物景观评价研究[D],西南大学硕士论文,2007.
[66]邹建勤,宋丁全.定量AHP模型在城市居住区植物景观评价中的应用[J].金陵科技学院学报,2009,25(1)：66-69.
[67]A vissai R. Potential effects of vegetation on the urban thermal environment Atmosph[J].1996,30 (3):437-448
[68]黄娟.上海地区三种特殊类型绿地综合评价体系的研究[D].上海：华东师范大学,2006
[69]陈月华,王晓红.植物景观设计[M].长沙：国防科技大学出版社,2005.
[70]贺仲雄.模糊数学及其应用[M].天津：天津科学技术出版社,1982
[71]吴承照,曹霞.景观资源量化评价的主要方法(模型)———综述及比较[J].旅游科学,2005,19(1)：32-39
[72]陈月华,王晓红.植物景观设计[M].长沙：国防科技大学出版社,2005.
[73]杜栋,庞庆华.现代综合评价方法与案例精选[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2005
[74]卓丽环,陈龙清.园林树木学[M].北京：中国农业出版社,2005