基于GPS/MANET的大气激光通信APT系统研究
摘要
自由空间光通信(FsO:Free Space Optical communication)是一种利用激光光束作为载波,以自由空问作为传输介质,实现语音、数掘、图像等信息的高速传输的通信技术,它具有信息传输容量大、速率高,保密性强等优点,但现有的系统主要应用于定点通信,不适用于通信节点快速运动的网络。
本文设计了一种基于GPS/MANET的激光通信系统APT(Acquiring Pointing and Tracking)结构,旨在实现空间多个节点的移动通信。文中对这种结构的APT系统的工作原理和组成进行了详细的描述,给出了基于(3PS的天线自动对准控制算法,进行了相关的仿真,验证了这种算法能够将目标赢接引入粗跟踪视场,不需要对信标光进行扫描捕获,可以实现对目标地快速对准,提高了APT的性能。最后对系统的粗跟踪部分、精跟踪部分进行了建模仿真和性能分析。
Free Space Optical communication (FSO) is a communication technology in which the laser is used as a carrier wave and the information of voice, data and image can be transmitted with a high transmission rate through free space. FSO has advantages of great capacity, high transmission rate and high confidentiality, but the traditional systems mainly provide the communication between fixed-points, do not apply to the communication network in which the nodes are moving.
In order to achieve the communication between moving nodes in space, this paper designs an APT structure based on GPS/MANET laser communication system. It describes the working principle and the structure composition of the APT system in detail, gives the control algorithm of antenna automatic alignment based on GPS. The simulation results prove the algorithm can make the target directly go into the coarse track view without scanning of the beacon light. It can achieve rapid pointing of the target and improves the APT performance. Finally, the paper gives the mathematical model and simulation results of the coarse tracking and the fine tracking respectively.
本文设计了一种基于GPS/MANET的激光通信系统APT(Acquiring Pointing and Tracking)结构,旨在实现空间多个节点的移动通信。文中对这种结构的APT系统的工作原理和组成进行了详细的描述,给出了基于(3PS的天线自动对准控制算法,进行了相关的仿真,验证了这种算法能够将目标赢接引入粗跟踪视场,不需要对信标光进行扫描捕获,可以实现对目标地快速对准,提高了APT的性能。最后对系统的粗跟踪部分、精跟踪部分进行了建模仿真和性能分析。
Free Space Optical communication (FSO) is a communication technology in which the laser is used as a carrier wave and the information of voice, data and image can be transmitted with a high transmission rate through free space. FSO has advantages of great capacity, high transmission rate and high confidentiality, but the traditional systems mainly provide the communication between fixed-points, do not apply to the communication network in which the nodes are moving.
In order to achieve the communication between moving nodes in space, this paper designs an APT structure based on GPS/MANET laser communication system. It describes the working principle and the structure composition of the APT system in detail, gives the control algorithm of antenna automatic alignment based on GPS. The simulation results prove the algorithm can make the target directly go into the coarse track view without scanning of the beacon light. It can achieve rapid pointing of the target and improves the APT performance. Finally, the paper gives the mathematical model and simulation results of the coarse tracking and the fine tracking respectively.
引文
[1]陈刚，蔡燕民，陈高庭.空间激光通信技术若干问题的讨论.红外与激光通工程，2000, 29(3): 44-48.
[2] Shinhak Lee, James W. Alexander, Gerry G. Ortiz. Deep Space Acquisition, Tracking, Pointing(ATP) Technologies for Optical Communication. JPL, 1999, 22.
[3]李晓峰.星地激光通信链路原理及技术.第一版.北京:国防工业出版社. 2007.
[4]柯熙政，席晓莉.无线激光通信概论.北京:北京邮电大学出版社，2004.
[5] C K Toh. Ad Hoc Mobile Wireless Networks: Protocols and systems, 2002.
[6] J P Macker, M S Corson. Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and the IETF. Mobile Computing and Communications Review, 1998, 2(1): 9-14.
[7]程伟明.无线移动自组网及其关键技术.数据通信.2002, 3: 56-58.
[8]李征航，黄劲松.GPS测量与数据处理.武汉:武汉大学出版社，2005.
[9]土惠南.GPS导航原理与应用，北京:科学出版社，2003.
[10]兰孝奇.GPS广播星历轨道误差实验研究.江苏地质.2004, 28(3): 174-177.
[11]李晓峰，胡渝.空间光通信ATP系统设计中的基本概念及关键参数探讨.应用光学.2003, 24(3): 11-13.
[12]曾小平.卫星光通信的信标光扫描方案研究.计量与测试技术.2008, 35(5): 14-15.
[13]唐涛，熊辉，魏急波.大气光通信PA7，子系统指标初步设计分析.红外与激光工程.2002, 31(3): 280-282.
[14]闻传花，李玉权.空间激光通信中的光学系统.光通信技术.2003, 7: 2427.
[15]M. Jeganathan, S. Monacos, Performance analysis and electronics packaging of the optical communications demonstrator. SPIE, Free Space Laser Connunication Technologies, 1998, 3266: 33-41.
[16]J. V. Sandusky, J. R. Lesh, Planning for a long-term optical demonstration from the international Space Station. SPIE, Free Space Laser Connunication Technologies.l998, 3266: 128一134.
[17]Philip W. Young, Lawrence M. Germann, Roy Nelson. Pointing, Acquisition, and Tracking subsystem for space-based laser communications. SPIE. 1998, 616: 118-128.
[18]Larry Germann, Janet Braccio. Fine-steering mirror technology supports 10 nanoradian systems. Optical Engineering. 1990, 29: 1351一1359.
[19]Keizo Inagaki, Tessuya Miyazaki, Masayuki Fujise. High-Speed Tracking Target Simulator for Fine Tracking Mechanisms. SPIE. 1994, 2123:304-315.
[20] Gregory C.Loney, Design and performance of a small two-axis high- bandwidth steering mirror. SPIE. 1991，1454: 198-206.
[21]Gregory C.Loney, Design of a small-aperture steering mirror for high- bandwidth acquisition and tracking. Optical Engineering. 1990: 1360-1365.
[22] Toni Tolker Nielsen. Pointing, Acquisition and Tracking system for the free space laser communication system, SILEX. SPIE. 2381:194-205.
[23]Robert Cockshott，David Purll. Acquisition and Tracking Sensors, SILEX. SPIE. 1995, 2381:206-214.
[24]张英海，霍泽人，土宏锋.自由空间光通信的现状与发展趋势.中国数据通信.2004, 6(12): 78-82.
[25]胡渝.空间光通信专辑.电子科技大学学报.1998, 27(5).
[26]皮德忠，尹道素.空间光通信ATP技术及其进展.电子科技大学学报. 1998, 27(5): 462-466.
[27]左韬，艾勇，聂杜根.基十GPS的星地激光通信捕获对准研究.光电子激光.2010, 21(8): 1184-1188.
[28]赵馨，土世峰，咚首峰.飞机一地面间激光通信天线的初始对准.光学精密工程.2008,16(17):1190-1195.
[29]十坤，土旭，张瑜.无线激光通信收发天线快速对准系统设计.微计算机信息(测抓‘自动化).2008, 24(7-1): 227-228.
[30]秦莉，杨明.运动平台捕获跟踪瞄准系统建模与仿真研究.系统仿真学报. 2009, 21(16): 5179一5182.
[31]张文涛，李贤，胡渝.空间光通信探测技术中象限探测器(QD)的研究.量子电子学报.2003, 20(1): 114-116.
[32]袁纵横，张文涛.空间光通信APT探测器技术中位置敏感器件(PSD)的研究.应用光学.2007, 28(1).
[33]十思源，韩琦琦，马品.卫星光通信终端CCD成像光斑弥散圆尺寸选择.中国激光.2007, 34(1): 69-73.
[34]邵兵，孙立宁，曲东升.自由空间光通信ATP系统中精瞄偏转镜的设计.光学精密工程.2006, 14(1): 43-47.
[35]吴琼雁，土强，彭起.音圈电机驱动的快速控制反射镜高带宽控制[[J].光电工程.2004, 31(8): 15-18.
[36]土永辉.快速控制反射镜结构及其动态特性研究[D].中国科学院长春光机所，2004.
[37]土解先，刘慧芹，唐立军.不同站心地平坐标系下的坐标归算.工程勘察. 2005, 5: 58-60.
[38]伊文天.方位角的GPS测量方法.测绘与空间地理信息.2008, 31(1): 120- 121.
[39]田根，童小华，刘妙龙.移动应用环境下GPS坐标转换模型研究.河南理工大学学报.2006, 25(3): 209-217.
[40]张秉华，张守辉.光电成像跟踪系统.成都:电子科技大学出版社，2003.
[41]庞新良，张薇薇，范大鹏.直流力矩电机在机载光电伺服系统中的应用研究.红外技术.2007, 29(10): s73-s77.
[42]刘金棍.先进PID控制MATLAB仿真.北京:电子工业出版社，2004.
[43]谢宗安.自动控制系统.重庆:重庆大学出版社，1996.
[44] Caroline Racho, Angel Portillo. Characterization and design of digital pointing subsystem for optical communication demonstrator. SPIE. 1999, 3615: 250-261.
[2] Shinhak Lee, James W. Alexander, Gerry G. Ortiz. Deep Space Acquisition, Tracking, Pointing(ATP) Technologies for Optical Communication. JPL, 1999, 22.
[3]李晓峰.星地激光通信链路原理及技术.第一版.北京:国防工业出版社. 2007.
[4]柯熙政，席晓莉.无线激光通信概论.北京:北京邮电大学出版社，2004.
[5] C K Toh. Ad Hoc Mobile Wireless Networks: Protocols and systems, 2002.
[6] J P Macker, M S Corson. Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and the IETF. Mobile Computing and Communications Review, 1998, 2(1): 9-14.
[7]程伟明.无线移动自组网及其关键技术.数据通信.2002, 3: 56-58.
[8]李征航，黄劲松.GPS测量与数据处理.武汉:武汉大学出版社，2005.
[9]土惠南.GPS导航原理与应用，北京:科学出版社，2003.
[10]兰孝奇.GPS广播星历轨道误差实验研究.江苏地质.2004, 28(3): 174-177.
[11]李晓峰，胡渝.空间光通信ATP系统设计中的基本概念及关键参数探讨.应用光学.2003, 24(3): 11-13.
[12]曾小平.卫星光通信的信标光扫描方案研究.计量与测试技术.2008, 35(5): 14-15.
[13]唐涛，熊辉，魏急波.大气光通信PA7，子系统指标初步设计分析.红外与激光工程.2002, 31(3): 280-282.
[14]闻传花，李玉权.空间激光通信中的光学系统.光通信技术.2003, 7: 2427.
[15]M. Jeganathan, S. Monacos, Performance analysis and electronics packaging of the optical communications demonstrator. SPIE, Free Space Laser Connunication Technologies, 1998, 3266: 33-41.
[16]J. V. Sandusky, J. R. Lesh, Planning for a long-term optical demonstration from the international Space Station. SPIE, Free Space Laser Connunication Technologies.l998, 3266: 128一134.
[17]Philip W. Young, Lawrence M. Germann, Roy Nelson. Pointing, Acquisition, and Tracking subsystem for space-based laser communications. SPIE. 1998, 616: 118-128.
[18]Larry Germann, Janet Braccio. Fine-steering mirror technology supports 10 nanoradian systems. Optical Engineering. 1990, 29: 1351一1359.
[19]Keizo Inagaki, Tessuya Miyazaki, Masayuki Fujise. High-Speed Tracking Target Simulator for Fine Tracking Mechanisms. SPIE. 1994, 2123:304-315.
[20] Gregory C.Loney, Design and performance of a small two-axis high- bandwidth steering mirror. SPIE. 1991，1454: 198-206.
[21]Gregory C.Loney, Design of a small-aperture steering mirror for high- bandwidth acquisition and tracking. Optical Engineering. 1990: 1360-1365.
[22] Toni Tolker Nielsen. Pointing, Acquisition and Tracking system for the free space laser communication system, SILEX. SPIE. 2381:194-205.
[23]Robert Cockshott，David Purll. Acquisition and Tracking Sensors, SILEX. SPIE. 1995, 2381:206-214.
[24]张英海，霍泽人，土宏锋.自由空间光通信的现状与发展趋势.中国数据通信.2004, 6(12): 78-82.
[25]胡渝.空间光通信专辑.电子科技大学学报.1998, 27(5).
[26]皮德忠，尹道素.空间光通信ATP技术及其进展.电子科技大学学报. 1998, 27(5): 462-466.
[27]左韬，艾勇，聂杜根.基十GPS的星地激光通信捕获对准研究.光电子激光.2010, 21(8): 1184-1188.
[28]赵馨，土世峰，咚首峰.飞机一地面间激光通信天线的初始对准.光学精密工程.2008,16(17):1190-1195.
[29]十坤，土旭，张瑜.无线激光通信收发天线快速对准系统设计.微计算机信息(测抓‘自动化).2008, 24(7-1): 227-228.
[30]秦莉，杨明.运动平台捕获跟踪瞄准系统建模与仿真研究.系统仿真学报. 2009, 21(16): 5179一5182.
[31]张文涛，李贤，胡渝.空间光通信探测技术中象限探测器(QD)的研究.量子电子学报.2003, 20(1): 114-116.
[32]袁纵横，张文涛.空间光通信APT探测器技术中位置敏感器件(PSD)的研究.应用光学.2007, 28(1).
[33]十思源，韩琦琦，马品.卫星光通信终端CCD成像光斑弥散圆尺寸选择.中国激光.2007, 34(1): 69-73.
[34]邵兵，孙立宁，曲东升.自由空间光通信ATP系统中精瞄偏转镜的设计.光学精密工程.2006, 14(1): 43-47.
[35]吴琼雁，土强，彭起.音圈电机驱动的快速控制反射镜高带宽控制[[J].光电工程.2004, 31(8): 15-18.
[36]土永辉.快速控制反射镜结构及其动态特性研究[D].中国科学院长春光机所，2004.
[37]土解先，刘慧芹，唐立军.不同站心地平坐标系下的坐标归算.工程勘察. 2005, 5: 58-60.
[38]伊文天.方位角的GPS测量方法.测绘与空间地理信息.2008, 31(1): 120- 121.
[39]田根，童小华，刘妙龙.移动应用环境下GPS坐标转换模型研究.河南理工大学学报.2006, 25(3): 209-217.
[40]张秉华，张守辉.光电成像跟踪系统.成都:电子科技大学出版社，2003.
[41]庞新良，张薇薇，范大鹏.直流力矩电机在机载光电伺服系统中的应用研究.红外技术.2007, 29(10): s73-s77.
[42]刘金棍.先进PID控制MATLAB仿真.北京:电子工业出版社，2004.
[43]谢宗安.自动控制系统.重庆:重庆大学出版社，1996.
[44] Caroline Racho, Angel Portillo. Characterization and design of digital pointing subsystem for optical communication demonstrator. SPIE. 1999, 3615: 250-261.
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