马群环境消毒及中药制剂防病作用的初步研究
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摘要
上海的马匹数量及马场规模不断扩大。对我们兽医科研工作者提出了新的课题。针对上海的气候特点,借鉴和总结众多学者的研究结果。本研究以马为研究对象,在加强饲养管理和抓好环境卫生控制环节的同时,根据传统中兽医理论,配制复方中草药添加饲喂。旨在总结制定合理的环境消毒计划和观察中草药对马匹免疫功能、肠道微生物和驱虫效果的影响。试验结果显示:
第一部分试验采用微生物学方法检测消毒前后马厩内病原微生物的分布情况。不同的消毒时间,微生物的分布情况呈现一定的消长趋向,在消毒后第一天马厩粪样中菌群数目与消毒前比较差异显著(P<0.05),在消毒后前3天内菌落数量相比较变化不显著(P>0.05),第4天呈大幅上升趋势,第6天菌落数恢复到消毒前。
第二部分试验观察中草药对马群抗病能力的影响。通过新鲜粪便的取样和寄生虫虫卵计数对马匹体内寄生虫的分布进行检测,结果显示给药后1-2周虫卵数都呈上升趋势,3-6周给药组虫卵明显低于给药前,而对照组虫卵数虽然也有回落趋势,但基本与给药前持平;采用终点散射比浊法、RT-PCR法分别测定中草药添加剂对马匹血液中IgG和细胞因子IL-2、IFN-γ的含量的影响。结果显示:给药组马匹血清中IgG含量与对照组比较差异显著(P <0.05),中草药作为添加剂喂服马匹可以在一定程度上提高血液中的IgG;两组β-actin mRNA表达均稳定一致。给药组IL-2 mRNA在给药第3、4周表达水平升高;IFN-γmRNA表达没有明显变化。
试验结果表明:科学的预防消毒对阻断病原性疾病有积极的作用;马匹日粮中添加适量中草药能够显著[0]改善马匹的免疫功能和抑制马体内寄生虫的数量。
With the continue expansion of the Equestrian industry in Shanghai, improvement of quality horse care, disease control and prevention are in demand, these open up a whole new topic for the veterinary researchers. On the preliminarily study, the writer summarized their findings that the characteristics of the Shanghai’s climate plays an important part. This is the first time using horses in the study, besides improve the feed and sanitation condition, Chinese herbal medicine are to be added to the feed. The objective is to set up a reasonable disinfection plan and at the same time observe the effect of Chinese medicine on horses immune system and deworming. The results showed that:
The first experiment using microbiology method to analysis distribution of pathogenic micro-organisms, before and after disinfecting the stable stalls. Distribution of micro-organisms showed a certain upward trend at different period. The day after disinfection, number of Fecal Bacteria in the feces significantly lower (P <0.05), changes were not significant on Day 1-3 (P> 0.05). Day 4 bacteria significantly increased, Day 6 bacteria back to the same as before disinfection.
The second experiment : after performing vivo tests on fresh samples of horse stool, result of the herbal group showed that the parasite egg count had an upward trend during week 1 and 2 after treatment. On Week 3 - 6, the count was significantly lower. The result from the control group showed the egg count had a downward trend, however it was basically stayed the same. The endpoint nephelometry, RT-PCR method was used to determine impact of Chinese herbal medicines additives in the horse’s blood IgG and cytokines IL-2, IFN-γlevels. The results showed significant difference in the treatment group horse serum IgG content compared with the control group (P <0.05), To some extent, Chinese herbal medicine as feed additives can increase horse blood levels of IgG; both groups ofβ-actin mRNA were consistant. The treatment group IL-2 mRNA increased during Week 3 and 4, and IFN-γmRNA with no change.
All above results indicated, scientific disinfection method has a positive effect on pathogenic diseases prevention. Adding proper amount of Chinese Herbal medicine additives to the horse diet could significantly improve their immune system and inhibit intestinal pathogenic microbes and worms of horses.
第一部分试验采用微生物学方法检测消毒前后马厩内病原微生物的分布情况。不同的消毒时间,微生物的分布情况呈现一定的消长趋向,在消毒后第一天马厩粪样中菌群数目与消毒前比较差异显著(P<0.05),在消毒后前3天内菌落数量相比较变化不显著(P>0.05),第4天呈大幅上升趋势,第6天菌落数恢复到消毒前。
第二部分试验观察中草药对马群抗病能力的影响。通过新鲜粪便的取样和寄生虫虫卵计数对马匹体内寄生虫的分布进行检测,结果显示给药后1-2周虫卵数都呈上升趋势,3-6周给药组虫卵明显低于给药前,而对照组虫卵数虽然也有回落趋势,但基本与给药前持平;采用终点散射比浊法、RT-PCR法分别测定中草药添加剂对马匹血液中IgG和细胞因子IL-2、IFN-γ的含量的影响。结果显示:给药组马匹血清中IgG含量与对照组比较差异显著(P <0.05),中草药作为添加剂喂服马匹可以在一定程度上提高血液中的IgG;两组β-actin mRNA表达均稳定一致。给药组IL-2 mRNA在给药第3、4周表达水平升高;IFN-γmRNA表达没有明显变化。
试验结果表明:科学的预防消毒对阻断病原性疾病有积极的作用;马匹日粮中添加适量中草药能够显著[0]改善马匹的免疫功能和抑制马体内寄生虫的数量。
With the continue expansion of the Equestrian industry in Shanghai, improvement of quality horse care, disease control and prevention are in demand, these open up a whole new topic for the veterinary researchers. On the preliminarily study, the writer summarized their findings that the characteristics of the Shanghai’s climate plays an important part. This is the first time using horses in the study, besides improve the feed and sanitation condition, Chinese herbal medicine are to be added to the feed. The objective is to set up a reasonable disinfection plan and at the same time observe the effect of Chinese medicine on horses immune system and deworming. The results showed that:
The first experiment using microbiology method to analysis distribution of pathogenic micro-organisms, before and after disinfecting the stable stalls. Distribution of micro-organisms showed a certain upward trend at different period. The day after disinfection, number of Fecal Bacteria in the feces significantly lower (P <0.05), changes were not significant on Day 1-3 (P> 0.05). Day 4 bacteria significantly increased, Day 6 bacteria back to the same as before disinfection.
The second experiment : after performing vivo tests on fresh samples of horse stool, result of the herbal group showed that the parasite egg count had an upward trend during week 1 and 2 after treatment. On Week 3 - 6, the count was significantly lower. The result from the control group showed the egg count had a downward trend, however it was basically stayed the same. The endpoint nephelometry, RT-PCR method was used to determine impact of Chinese herbal medicines additives in the horse’s blood IgG and cytokines IL-2, IFN-γlevels. The results showed significant difference in the treatment group horse serum IgG content compared with the control group (P <0.05), To some extent, Chinese herbal medicine as feed additives can increase horse blood levels of IgG; both groups ofβ-actin mRNA were consistant. The treatment group IL-2 mRNA increased during Week 3 and 4, and IFN-γmRNA with no change.
All above results indicated, scientific disinfection method has a positive effect on pathogenic diseases prevention. Adding proper amount of Chinese Herbal medicine additives to the horse diet could significantly improve their immune system and inhibit intestinal pathogenic microbes and worms of horses.
引文
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2张玉杰,杜维军浅谈环境及食物因素对动物繁殖能力的影响中国畜牧兽医2007 34(2)158—159
3孟虹艳.饲料中添加中草药对土鸡生长性能和抗病能力的影响,内蒙古农业大学硕士学位论文.内蒙古农业大学.2008
4谢仲权,牛树琦.天然物中草药饲料添加剂大全[M].北京:学苑出版社,1996
5邓楠.中国农业十五科技政策[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2001
6谢仲权,牛树琦,刘凤华主编.天然物中草药饲料添加剂研究方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社.2001
7张乔主编.饲料添加剂大全[M].北京:北京工业大学出版社,1994
8陈寒青,金征宇.中草药饲料添加剂研究进展.饲料工业,2002,23(10):18-23
9吴金山.山楂在饲料中的应用.饲料研究,2000,4(2):25-27
10谢麟长青.饲用中草药的应用及发展的技术方向,四川畜牧兽医,2002, 029 (008) : 34-35
11河南兴农网,生态型添加剂对饲料安全性的影响
12付双喜,冯定远.中草药与畜禽防疫保健.畜禽业,2001,(9):14-15
13段刚,杨林富,代飞燕等。中草药添加剂对土杂鸡生长性能和红细胞免疫功能的影响[J].中国兽医杂志,2005,(2):34-35.
14戴远威.补益中草药提取物对雏鸡免疫功能的影响[J].中国兽医杂志,1997,(2):2-5.
15张丽云.银翘解毒合剂对肉子鸡免疫功能的影响J.中国兽医杂志,2001,(10):28-29.
16刘凤华,金文林.抗热应激几种中草药添加剂应用效果比较[J].北京农学院学报,1999,14(3):29-33
17汪德刚,张志远,赵清斌等.中草药添加剂强力速补的抗应激试验研究J.河南畜牧兽医,2001,22(10):10-12
18韦旭斌,张秀芝等,抗动物应激中药的研究进展J.中兽医医药杂志,1999,(2):17-22
19江苏新医学院,中药大辞典,第一版,上海:上海科学技术出版社,1990.8
20杜爱芳,叶均安.中草药饲料添加剂抗球虫效果的研究[J].中国兽医寄生虫病,1998,6(3):9-11
21李勤建.中草药饲料添加剂在养殖生产中的应用[J].四川畜牧兽医,2000,(4):31-32
22袁书林.中草药饲料添加剂的研究与应用J.江西饲料,2002,(6):13-16
23田庚元.中药免疫调节的研究与开发[J].中国新药杂志,1999,8(11):723
24万玛才让.藏药久美70味松石丸对免疫功能的影响[J].中国民族民间医药杂志,2001(52):295-296
25称志斌,葛长荣,韩剑众.中草药有效成分与畜禽免疫功能[J].兽药与饲料添加剂,2001,(6):22-24
26叶钟祥,叶泉声,李子瑜等.茶叶对小白鼠移植性肿瘤的影响[J].肿瘤,1984,4(3):128
27 Kogut M H, Roth well L, Kaiser P. Differential effects of age on chicken heterophil funtionalactivation by recombinant chicken interleukin-2[J]. Dev Comp Immunol, 2002, 26(9):817-830
28 Klasing KC. Avain leukocytic cytokines[J]. Poult Sci, 1994, 73(7): 1035-1043
29 RavasAL, Fabricant J. Indications of immuno-depression in chicken infected with various stainsof marek disease virus[J]. Avian Disease, 1988, 32:1-8
30何慧英,曹毅,马丽,等.斑秃患者白细胞介素-2水平和T淋巴细胞亚群观察.临床医学, 1999,28(2):76-78
31 Alleva E. Assessment of aggressive behavior in rodents[J]. Methods neuroscience, 1996, 14:111-135
32刘佳梅,陈东,王晓明,等.硝酸翻对大鼠脾脏形态及脾细胞IL-2和IFN-丫分泌水平的影响[J].吉林大学学报,2002,28 (2):121-123
33曾莹.天然防腐剂的筛选及其抗菌性研究[J].中国调味品,1992,(9):10-15
34郑明学,周瑞芳.复方中药制剂防治鸡白痢的研究[J].中国家禽,1999,21(3):14-15
35张艳,刘均娥等人.平板活菌计数法检测粪便中的肠道菌群.首都医科大学学报. 2008.2:85-86
36刘钟杰,许剑琴主编.中兽医学,第三版[M],北京:中国农业出版社,2005:143
37赵玲,李英伦.中草药与肠道微生态系统的相互影响.兽药与饲料添加剂,2003,8(4):24-26
38 Claudio Fiocchi,Kenneth R.Youngman, Belinda en-Lieberman,eta1.Modulat:ion of intestinal immune reactivity by interleukin 2 Phenotypic and functional analysis of lymphokine-activated killer cells from human intestinal mucosa[J].-Digestive Diseases and Sciences (Historical Archive),1988,33(10): 1305-1315
39 Ar Neng La.i, Joseph C. K. Leung, Fernand Mac-Moune Lai, et al. T lymphocyte activation in IgA nephropathy: Serum-soluble interleukin 2 receptor level,interleukin 2 production, and interleukin 2 receptor expression by cultured lymphocytes[J]. Journal of Clinical Immunology (Historical Archive),1989, 9(6): 485-492
40贺新怀.中医药免疫学,[M].北京:人民军医出版社,2002,222
41 Roitt I, Brostopf J, Male D. Immunology [M]. Landon: Harcourt Publish, 2001:127-130
42 A .Fayyazi,S. Schweyer, A. Soruri, et al. R. Parwaresch. T lymphocytes and altered keratinocytes express interferony and interleukin 6 in lichen planus[J]. Archives of Dermatological Research, 1999, 291(9): 485-490
43 M. Yamada, Y Arao, A. Hatano . S. Ni. Effect of recombinant mouse interferon-p on acute and latent herpes simplex infection in mice[J]. Archives of Virology (Historical .Archive), 1988, 99(1-2):101-109
44刘清池,梁冰.中药诱生细胞因子研究进展[J].中医杂志,1997, 38 (12):47-48
45李宏梅,李祥瑞,郭慧君.白细胞介素-2的研究进展及应用[J].山东畜牧兽医,2002 ( 5 ): 38-40
46 Yasuhiro Kodera, Hayao Nakanishi, Seiji Ito, et aLQuantitative detection ofdisseminated cancer cells in the greater omentum of gastric carcinoma patients with real-tune RT PCR: a comparison with peritoneal lavage cytology[J]. Gastric Cancer, 2002,5(2):69-76
47终建明,高微微.黄草素对肉仔鸡免疫功能及生长影响的研究[J].中兽医医药杂志,2001, 6:3-4
2张玉杰,杜维军浅谈环境及食物因素对动物繁殖能力的影响中国畜牧兽医2007 34(2)158—159
3孟虹艳.饲料中添加中草药对土鸡生长性能和抗病能力的影响,内蒙古农业大学硕士学位论文.内蒙古农业大学.2008
4谢仲权,牛树琦.天然物中草药饲料添加剂大全[M].北京:学苑出版社,1996
5邓楠.中国农业十五科技政策[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2001
6谢仲权,牛树琦,刘凤华主编.天然物中草药饲料添加剂研究方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社.2001
7张乔主编.饲料添加剂大全[M].北京:北京工业大学出版社,1994
8陈寒青,金征宇.中草药饲料添加剂研究进展.饲料工业,2002,23(10):18-23
9吴金山.山楂在饲料中的应用.饲料研究,2000,4(2):25-27
10谢麟长青.饲用中草药的应用及发展的技术方向,四川畜牧兽医,2002, 029 (008) : 34-35
11河南兴农网,生态型添加剂对饲料安全性的影响
12付双喜,冯定远.中草药与畜禽防疫保健.畜禽业,2001,(9):14-15
13段刚,杨林富,代飞燕等。中草药添加剂对土杂鸡生长性能和红细胞免疫功能的影响[J].中国兽医杂志,2005,(2):34-35.
14戴远威.补益中草药提取物对雏鸡免疫功能的影响[J].中国兽医杂志,1997,(2):2-5.
15张丽云.银翘解毒合剂对肉子鸡免疫功能的影响J.中国兽医杂志,2001,(10):28-29.
16刘凤华,金文林.抗热应激几种中草药添加剂应用效果比较[J].北京农学院学报,1999,14(3):29-33
17汪德刚,张志远,赵清斌等.中草药添加剂强力速补的抗应激试验研究J.河南畜牧兽医,2001,22(10):10-12
18韦旭斌,张秀芝等,抗动物应激中药的研究进展J.中兽医医药杂志,1999,(2):17-22
19江苏新医学院,中药大辞典,第一版,上海:上海科学技术出版社,1990.8
20杜爱芳,叶均安.中草药饲料添加剂抗球虫效果的研究[J].中国兽医寄生虫病,1998,6(3):9-11
21李勤建.中草药饲料添加剂在养殖生产中的应用[J].四川畜牧兽医,2000,(4):31-32
22袁书林.中草药饲料添加剂的研究与应用J.江西饲料,2002,(6):13-16
23田庚元.中药免疫调节的研究与开发[J].中国新药杂志,1999,8(11):723
24万玛才让.藏药久美70味松石丸对免疫功能的影响[J].中国民族民间医药杂志,2001(52):295-296
25称志斌,葛长荣,韩剑众.中草药有效成分与畜禽免疫功能[J].兽药与饲料添加剂,2001,(6):22-24
26叶钟祥,叶泉声,李子瑜等.茶叶对小白鼠移植性肿瘤的影响[J].肿瘤,1984,4(3):128
27 Kogut M H, Roth well L, Kaiser P. Differential effects of age on chicken heterophil funtionalactivation by recombinant chicken interleukin-2[J]. Dev Comp Immunol, 2002, 26(9):817-830
28 Klasing KC. Avain leukocytic cytokines[J]. Poult Sci, 1994, 73(7): 1035-1043
29 RavasAL, Fabricant J. Indications of immuno-depression in chicken infected with various stainsof marek disease virus[J]. Avian Disease, 1988, 32:1-8
30何慧英,曹毅,马丽,等.斑秃患者白细胞介素-2水平和T淋巴细胞亚群观察.临床医学, 1999,28(2):76-78
31 Alleva E. Assessment of aggressive behavior in rodents[J]. Methods neuroscience, 1996, 14:111-135
32刘佳梅,陈东,王晓明,等.硝酸翻对大鼠脾脏形态及脾细胞IL-2和IFN-丫分泌水平的影响[J].吉林大学学报,2002,28 (2):121-123
33曾莹.天然防腐剂的筛选及其抗菌性研究[J].中国调味品,1992,(9):10-15
34郑明学,周瑞芳.复方中药制剂防治鸡白痢的研究[J].中国家禽,1999,21(3):14-15
35张艳,刘均娥等人.平板活菌计数法检测粪便中的肠道菌群.首都医科大学学报. 2008.2:85-86
36刘钟杰,许剑琴主编.中兽医学,第三版[M],北京:中国农业出版社,2005:143
37赵玲,李英伦.中草药与肠道微生态系统的相互影响.兽药与饲料添加剂,2003,8(4):24-26
38 Claudio Fiocchi,Kenneth R.Youngman, Belinda en-Lieberman,eta1.Modulat:ion of intestinal immune reactivity by interleukin 2 Phenotypic and functional analysis of lymphokine-activated killer cells from human intestinal mucosa[J].-Digestive Diseases and Sciences (Historical Archive),1988,33(10): 1305-1315
39 Ar Neng La.i, Joseph C. K. Leung, Fernand Mac-Moune Lai, et al. T lymphocyte activation in IgA nephropathy: Serum-soluble interleukin 2 receptor level,interleukin 2 production, and interleukin 2 receptor expression by cultured lymphocytes[J]. Journal of Clinical Immunology (Historical Archive),1989, 9(6): 485-492
40贺新怀.中医药免疫学,[M].北京:人民军医出版社,2002,222
41 Roitt I, Brostopf J, Male D. Immunology [M]. Landon: Harcourt Publish, 2001:127-130
42 A .Fayyazi,S. Schweyer, A. Soruri, et al. R. Parwaresch. T lymphocytes and altered keratinocytes express interferony and interleukin 6 in lichen planus[J]. Archives of Dermatological Research, 1999, 291(9): 485-490
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