线型腔掺铒光纤激光器的辐射特性研究
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摘要
光通信技术的发展日新月异,同时掺铒光纤激光器(Erbium-doped Fiber Laser EDFL)的研究也受到了更多领域科研工作者的关注。EDFL具有与光纤通信系统完全匹配、效率高、结构简单、阈值低、可调谐、成本低等众多优点,在未来的光通信网络中具有广阔的应用前景,是未来长距离光纤通信系统的理想光源之一,同时在其他相关领域也有很广泛的应用。
本文首先对光纤激光器的历史及国内外研究现状进行了详细介绍,分析了现阶段几种光纤激光器的工作原理及结构,进一步在对EDFL的基本结构及各个组成部分进行了详细的理论分析的基础上,重点对线型腔EDFL进行了的理论分析,建立了线型腔掺铒光纤激光器的时频模型,并使用Matlab软件进行了仿真,对其稳定状态特性进行了系统分析研究,建立了线型腔EDFL的实验平台并进行了实验研究,指出了在此基础上需要进一步开展的研究工作。
主要工作包括：
(1)分析了现阶段几种光纤激光器的工作原理及结构,主要包括双包层掺铒光纤激光器、拉曼光纤激光器,多波长光纤激光器和窄线宽可调谐光纤激光器等；
(2)较为详细的对掺铒光纤激光器的基本理论及结构进行了分析,主要包括掺铒光纤的特性研究,光纤光栅谐振腔的选频特性的研究以及泵浦源的选择标准等；
(3)通过对掺铒光纤激光器的基本理论进行分析,利用行波方法,并且结合传输方程和速率方程对线型腔掺铒光纤激光器进行了建模仿真,分析了掺铒光纤长度、掺杂浓度泵浦功率等因素对线型腔掺铒光纤激光器性能的影响；
(4)对1557nm掺铒光纤激光器进行了实验研究,使用1557nm光纤光栅作为谐振腔,980nm单模泵浦源进行了实验,并且得到了稳定条件下输出特性,为后续掺铒光纤激光器的设计做出了很有价值的参考。
Optical communication technology have been developing rapidly, and during the same time,more and more researcher whom from the different fields pay more attention to the study of Erbium doped Fiber lasers (EDFL). EDFL has numerous advantages such as exactly matched with optical fiber communication system, low threshold, simple tunable, low cost structure, high efficiency,thus it make the EDFL become one of ideal light soures of the future long-distance optical fiber communication system, while in other related areas EDFL also have very widely used.
Firstly this thesis introduces optical fiber laser history and the domestic and foreign research situation in details. and then it has analysed the working principle and structure of several fiber laser in present stage. This thesis focusing on theoretical analysis of line cavity EDFL and the structure of it,and established the time-frequency model of line cavity EDFL which is ued to simulate the stability condition characteristics of EDFL. Based on the results of the simulation; has established the experiment and pointed out further study conducted job.The major works include:
(1) Has analysed the working principle and structure of several fiber laser in present stage, such as Double cladding erbium fiber lasers, Raman fiber laser wavelength, mutiple wave-length fiber lasers and narrow line width tunable optical fiber laser etc;
(2) Has studied theoretical analysis of line cavity EDFL and the structure of it, mainly include erbium fiber properties research, fiber grating resonator choice of frequency characteristics research, the choice of pump sources;
(3) Established and Simulated the model of line cavity EDFL which is used the traveling wave method, and combine transmission equation and rate equation of line cavity erbium fiber laser;
(4) Done the experiment for the 1557nm-wavelength EDFL, has used 1557nm fiber grating as resonator and the 980nm single-mode pump sources. And has gain the stable output characteristic finally,so that maked a valuable reference for the subsequent erbium optical fiber laser design.
本文首先对光纤激光器的历史及国内外研究现状进行了详细介绍,分析了现阶段几种光纤激光器的工作原理及结构,进一步在对EDFL的基本结构及各个组成部分进行了详细的理论分析的基础上,重点对线型腔EDFL进行了的理论分析,建立了线型腔掺铒光纤激光器的时频模型,并使用Matlab软件进行了仿真,对其稳定状态特性进行了系统分析研究,建立了线型腔EDFL的实验平台并进行了实验研究,指出了在此基础上需要进一步开展的研究工作。
主要工作包括：
(1)分析了现阶段几种光纤激光器的工作原理及结构,主要包括双包层掺铒光纤激光器、拉曼光纤激光器,多波长光纤激光器和窄线宽可调谐光纤激光器等；
(2)较为详细的对掺铒光纤激光器的基本理论及结构进行了分析,主要包括掺铒光纤的特性研究,光纤光栅谐振腔的选频特性的研究以及泵浦源的选择标准等；
(3)通过对掺铒光纤激光器的基本理论进行分析,利用行波方法,并且结合传输方程和速率方程对线型腔掺铒光纤激光器进行了建模仿真,分析了掺铒光纤长度、掺杂浓度泵浦功率等因素对线型腔掺铒光纤激光器性能的影响；
(4)对1557nm掺铒光纤激光器进行了实验研究,使用1557nm光纤光栅作为谐振腔,980nm单模泵浦源进行了实验,并且得到了稳定条件下输出特性,为后续掺铒光纤激光器的设计做出了很有价值的参考。
Optical communication technology have been developing rapidly, and during the same time,more and more researcher whom from the different fields pay more attention to the study of Erbium doped Fiber lasers (EDFL). EDFL has numerous advantages such as exactly matched with optical fiber communication system, low threshold, simple tunable, low cost structure, high efficiency,thus it make the EDFL become one of ideal light soures of the future long-distance optical fiber communication system, while in other related areas EDFL also have very widely used.
Firstly this thesis introduces optical fiber laser history and the domestic and foreign research situation in details. and then it has analysed the working principle and structure of several fiber laser in present stage. This thesis focusing on theoretical analysis of line cavity EDFL and the structure of it,and established the time-frequency model of line cavity EDFL which is ued to simulate the stability condition characteristics of EDFL. Based on the results of the simulation; has established the experiment and pointed out further study conducted job.The major works include:
(1) Has analysed the working principle and structure of several fiber laser in present stage, such as Double cladding erbium fiber lasers, Raman fiber laser wavelength, mutiple wave-length fiber lasers and narrow line width tunable optical fiber laser etc;
(2) Has studied theoretical analysis of line cavity EDFL and the structure of it, mainly include erbium fiber properties research, fiber grating resonator choice of frequency characteristics research, the choice of pump sources;
(3) Established and Simulated the model of line cavity EDFL which is used the traveling wave method, and combine transmission equation and rate equation of line cavity erbium fiber laser;
(4) Done the experiment for the 1557nm-wavelength EDFL, has used 1557nm fiber grating as resonator and the 980nm single-mode pump sources. And has gain the stable output characteristic finally,so that maked a valuable reference for the subsequent erbium optical fiber laser design.
引文
[1]E.Sniter. NeodymiumGlass Laser.Proceeding of the Third International Conference on Solid State Lasers. Paris,France.1963
[2]C.J.Koester and E.Sniter. Amplification in a Fiber Laser. Appl. Opt.1963. Vol.3
[3]刘东峰,杜戈果,陈国夫等.掺铒光纤环形腔激光器的初步研究.光子学报,1998,27(9)：847-848
[4]S.R.Nagel et al.An Overview of the Modified Chemical VaPor Deposition(MCVD) Proeess and Performance.IEEE J. Quantum Eleetron.1982. QE-18
[5]W.H.Loh, B. N. Samson,L.Dong,et al. High Performance Single Frequency Fiber Grating-Based Erbium:Ytterbium-Codoped Fiber Lasers[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology. 1998,16(1):114-118
[6]Jun Li,Yubin Guo,Tianshu Wang,Yadong Sun,Bing Bai,Xiaobin Li,Guijun Hu.An all-fiber type Er3+/Yb3+co-doped fiber laser.2003.1(9):503-505
[7]刘颂豪.光纤通信技术的新发展.光电子技术与信息.2002.15(2)：1-8
[8]朱万军,潘玉寨,杨庆鑫等.光纤激光器的发展.光机电信息.2002.(4)：24-25
[9]Dominic V, Mac Cormack S, Waats et al. 110W fiber laser. Electron Lett.1999.35(14): 1158-1160
[10]张劲松,李唐军,齐赞伟,简水生.连续调谐多波长主动锁模光纤激光器.光学学报.2001.21(1)：36-38
[11]傅永军,郑凯,常德远,魏淮,延凤平,简水生.短腔的高浓度掺铒光纤激光器.光电工程2007.Vol.34,No.11
[12]R. J. Mears, L.Reekie, LM. Jauncey and D.N.Payne. Low-noise Erbium-doped Fiber Amplifier Operation at 1.54μm. Electronics Letters.1987.Vol.23(19):1026-1028
[13]S. B. Poole, D.N.Payne and M. E. Fermann. Fabrication of Low-loss Optical Fibers Containing Rare-earth Ions. Electronics Letters.1985. Vol.21:727-738
[14]E. Desurvire, J.R.Simpson and P. C. Becher. High-gain Erbium-doped Fiber Traveling-wave Fiber Amplifier. Optics Letters.1987. Vol.12(11):888-890
[15]R. J. Mears, L.Reekie, S. B. Poole, D.N.Payne. Neodymium-doped Silica Single-mode Fiber Lasers. Electronics Letters.1985.21(17):738-740
[16]郭玉彬,霍佳雨.光纤激光器及其应用.第一版.北京.科学出版社.2007年.10-11
[17]武建芬,陈根祥.光纤激光器技术及其研究进展.光通信技术.2006.Vol.8：49-50
[18]习聪玲,乔学光等.光纤激光器的研究与发展前景.光通信技术.2006.Vol.(1)：52-54
[19]阮双深,冯鸣等.高效掺Yb3+双包层光纤激光器的研究.光子学报.2003.Vol.32(8)：911-913
[20]刘颂豪.光纤激光器的新进展.光电子技术与信息.2003.Vol.16(1)：1-8
[21]闫培光,阮双深,于永芹等.高功率光子晶体光纤拉曼激光器.中国物理快报.2006.Vol.23(6)：1476-1478
[22]J.Chow, GTown, et al. Multiwavelength Generation in an Erbium-doped Fiber Laser Using In-fiber Comb Filters. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.1996.Vol.18(1):61-62
[23]Cz.A.Ball,W.W.Morey. Narrow-linewidth Fiber Laser with Integrated Master Oscillator-Power Amplifier. Technical Digest on Optical Fiber Communications.1992.Vol.13:97
[24]叶震寰,楼棋洪,薛东.窄线宽光纤激光器进展.光学与光电技术.2004.Vol.2(1)：1-4
[25]周炳琨.激光原理.北京.国防工业出版社.2007
[26]聂秋华.光纤激光器和光放大器技术.北京：电子工业出版社.1997
[27]李相银.姚敏玉.激光原理技术及应用.第一版.哈尔滨.哈尔滨工业大学出版社.2004
[28]陈根祥.光波技术基础.第一版.北京.中国铁道出版社2000年3月出版.236-237
[29]Dong X P, Li Shenping, Chiang K S, et al. Multiwavelength erbium-doped fibre laser based on a high-birefringenee fibre loop mirror[J]. Electron Lett.2000,31(19): 1609-1610
[30]郭玉彬.可调谐环形掺铒光纤激光器的研究.长春邮电学院学报,1999,17(3)：13-17
[31]H. Zellmer, U. Willamowski, A. Tunnermann, et al, "High-power cw neodymium-doped fiber laser operating at 9.2W with high beam quality", Optics Letters,20(6) 1995:578-580
[32]李进延,李海清,蒋作文等.我国掺稀土光纤现状分析.光通信研究.2006.Vol.135(3).
[33]伍波,刘永智,张谦述,岳慧敏,代智勇.基于法布里-珀罗标准具选模单频环形腔光纤激光器.强激光与粒子束.2006.18(20)：1987-1990
[34]WYSOCKI P F, Wagener J L, DIGONNET M J F, et al. Evidence and Modeling of Paired Ions and Other Loss Mechanism in Erbium-doped Silica Fibers. Fiber Laser Sources and Amplifiers[J]. Proc. of SPIE(S0277-786X),1992,1789:66-79.
[35]吴重庆.光波导理论.第一版.北京.清华大学出版社.2000年3月.P130-133
[36]陈根祥.光波技术基础.第一版.北京中国铁道出版社.2000年3年.P236-237
[37]Terji Durhuus, Benny Mikkelsen, and Kristian E. Stubkjaer. Detailed Dynamic Model for Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers and Their Crosstalk and Intermodulation Distortion. Journal of Lightwave Technology. Apl.1992. Vol.10(8):1056-1065.
[38]Chen G X, Li W, et al. An Advanced Dynamic Model for Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers and Laser Diodes. Chin.Phys.Lett.2005.Vol.22(1):100
[39]C.R. Giles and E. Desurvire. Modeling Erbium-doped Fiber Amplifiers. Lightwave Technology.1991.Vol.9(2):271-283
[40]Digonnet. Rare earth doped fiber laser and amplifier. Publisher:Marcel dekker, 2001.183-193
[41]Mignon M, Desurvire E. An analytical mode for the determination of optimal output reflectivity and fiber length in erbium-doped fiber lasers. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.1992.4(8):850-852
[2]C.J.Koester and E.Sniter. Amplification in a Fiber Laser. Appl. Opt.1963. Vol.3
[3]刘东峰,杜戈果,陈国夫等.掺铒光纤环形腔激光器的初步研究.光子学报,1998,27(9)：847-848
[4]S.R.Nagel et al.An Overview of the Modified Chemical VaPor Deposition(MCVD) Proeess and Performance.IEEE J. Quantum Eleetron.1982. QE-18
[5]W.H.Loh, B. N. Samson,L.Dong,et al. High Performance Single Frequency Fiber Grating-Based Erbium:Ytterbium-Codoped Fiber Lasers[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology. 1998,16(1):114-118
[6]Jun Li,Yubin Guo,Tianshu Wang,Yadong Sun,Bing Bai,Xiaobin Li,Guijun Hu.An all-fiber type Er3+/Yb3+co-doped fiber laser.2003.1(9):503-505
[7]刘颂豪.光纤通信技术的新发展.光电子技术与信息.2002.15(2)：1-8
[8]朱万军,潘玉寨,杨庆鑫等.光纤激光器的发展.光机电信息.2002.(4)：24-25
[9]Dominic V, Mac Cormack S, Waats et al. 110W fiber laser. Electron Lett.1999.35(14): 1158-1160
[10]张劲松,李唐军,齐赞伟,简水生.连续调谐多波长主动锁模光纤激光器.光学学报.2001.21(1)：36-38
[11]傅永军,郑凯,常德远,魏淮,延凤平,简水生.短腔的高浓度掺铒光纤激光器.光电工程2007.Vol.34,No.11
[12]R. J. Mears, L.Reekie, LM. Jauncey and D.N.Payne. Low-noise Erbium-doped Fiber Amplifier Operation at 1.54μm. Electronics Letters.1987.Vol.23(19):1026-1028
[13]S. B. Poole, D.N.Payne and M. E. Fermann. Fabrication of Low-loss Optical Fibers Containing Rare-earth Ions. Electronics Letters.1985. Vol.21:727-738
[14]E. Desurvire, J.R.Simpson and P. C. Becher. High-gain Erbium-doped Fiber Traveling-wave Fiber Amplifier. Optics Letters.1987. Vol.12(11):888-890
[15]R. J. Mears, L.Reekie, S. B. Poole, D.N.Payne. Neodymium-doped Silica Single-mode Fiber Lasers. Electronics Letters.1985.21(17):738-740
[16]郭玉彬,霍佳雨.光纤激光器及其应用.第一版.北京.科学出版社.2007年.10-11
[17]武建芬,陈根祥.光纤激光器技术及其研究进展.光通信技术.2006.Vol.8：49-50
[18]习聪玲,乔学光等.光纤激光器的研究与发展前景.光通信技术.2006.Vol.(1)：52-54
[19]阮双深,冯鸣等.高效掺Yb3+双包层光纤激光器的研究.光子学报.2003.Vol.32(8)：911-913
[20]刘颂豪.光纤激光器的新进展.光电子技术与信息.2003.Vol.16(1)：1-8
[21]闫培光,阮双深,于永芹等.高功率光子晶体光纤拉曼激光器.中国物理快报.2006.Vol.23(6)：1476-1478
[22]J.Chow, GTown, et al. Multiwavelength Generation in an Erbium-doped Fiber Laser Using In-fiber Comb Filters. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.1996.Vol.18(1):61-62
[23]Cz.A.Ball,W.W.Morey. Narrow-linewidth Fiber Laser with Integrated Master Oscillator-Power Amplifier. Technical Digest on Optical Fiber Communications.1992.Vol.13:97
[24]叶震寰,楼棋洪,薛东.窄线宽光纤激光器进展.光学与光电技术.2004.Vol.2(1)：1-4
[25]周炳琨.激光原理.北京.国防工业出版社.2007
[26]聂秋华.光纤激光器和光放大器技术.北京：电子工业出版社.1997
[27]李相银.姚敏玉.激光原理技术及应用.第一版.哈尔滨.哈尔滨工业大学出版社.2004
[28]陈根祥.光波技术基础.第一版.北京.中国铁道出版社2000年3月出版.236-237
[29]Dong X P, Li Shenping, Chiang K S, et al. Multiwavelength erbium-doped fibre laser based on a high-birefringenee fibre loop mirror[J]. Electron Lett.2000,31(19): 1609-1610
[30]郭玉彬.可调谐环形掺铒光纤激光器的研究.长春邮电学院学报,1999,17(3)：13-17
[31]H. Zellmer, U. Willamowski, A. Tunnermann, et al, "High-power cw neodymium-doped fiber laser operating at 9.2W with high beam quality", Optics Letters,20(6) 1995:578-580
[32]李进延,李海清,蒋作文等.我国掺稀土光纤现状分析.光通信研究.2006.Vol.135(3).
[33]伍波,刘永智,张谦述,岳慧敏,代智勇.基于法布里-珀罗标准具选模单频环形腔光纤激光器.强激光与粒子束.2006.18(20)：1987-1990
[34]WYSOCKI P F, Wagener J L, DIGONNET M J F, et al. Evidence and Modeling of Paired Ions and Other Loss Mechanism in Erbium-doped Silica Fibers. Fiber Laser Sources and Amplifiers[J]. Proc. of SPIE(S0277-786X),1992,1789:66-79.
[35]吴重庆.光波导理论.第一版.北京.清华大学出版社.2000年3月.P130-133
[36]陈根祥.光波技术基础.第一版.北京中国铁道出版社.2000年3年.P236-237
[37]Terji Durhuus, Benny Mikkelsen, and Kristian E. Stubkjaer. Detailed Dynamic Model for Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers and Their Crosstalk and Intermodulation Distortion. Journal of Lightwave Technology. Apl.1992. Vol.10(8):1056-1065.
[38]Chen G X, Li W, et al. An Advanced Dynamic Model for Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers and Laser Diodes. Chin.Phys.Lett.2005.Vol.22(1):100
[39]C.R. Giles and E. Desurvire. Modeling Erbium-doped Fiber Amplifiers. Lightwave Technology.1991.Vol.9(2):271-283
[40]Digonnet. Rare earth doped fiber laser and amplifier. Publisher:Marcel dekker, 2001.183-193
[41]Mignon M, Desurvire E. An analytical mode for the determination of optimal output reflectivity and fiber length in erbium-doped fiber lasers. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.1992.4(8):850-852