边界网关协议BGP在IPv6网络中的应用与研究
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摘要
BGP-4+协议是目前在IPv6网络中部署最广泛的域间路由信息交换协议。它是当前在连接AS域所使用的最重要的协议之一。
路由协议BGP-4+是对BGP-4为了适应IPv6而作了些改动：(a)以NEXT HOP信息与特定的网络层协议相联系的功能；(b)以NLRI与特定的网络层协议相联系的功能。增加定义了两种BGP属性：MP_REACH_NLRI和MP_UNREACH_NLRI。并说明了如何用这两种属性来宣告IPv6路由信息。
2002年12月CERNET国家网络中心推出IPv6试验床BGP联网实验计划，目的是在CERNET IPv6试验床内部引入BGP，通过大规模实施BGP来研究BGP协议在IPv6的网络上实施的问题。
本论文首先详细研究分析了BGP-4+协议的原理。接着在兰州理工大学IPv6试验床上，选用Linux操作平台，利用GNU Zebra路由软件实现在IPv6路由器上实现运行BGP-4+路由软件。然后进行了联网实验，分配自治系统AS号65008给我校IPv6网络，关闭路由器的IPv4 BGP单播，打开IPv6 BGP单播，公告兰州理工大学IPv6试验床网络3ffe：3240：8002：：／48，指定邻居CERNET IPv6试验床的自治系统以其IP地址，并激活邻居，聚合路由，还介绍了BGP系统文件的编辑，成功地加入了"C(?)RNET IPv6实验床BGP联网实验计划”。从BGP-4+联网路由信息交换过程中获得了大量的BGP-4+交换路由，对交换路由信息进行了分析，在文章最后给出了一种BGP路由拓扑生成原理，生成了全球IPv6 BGP路由拓扑图。
BGP-4+联网成功增强了兰州理工大学IPv6试验床的西北地区骨干节点地位，同时增加了兰州理工大学IPv6试验床相关人员实施BGP和进行网络管理的经验。
BGP-4+ is an interautonomous system routing protocol, which is very widely deployed on IPv6 networks. At present, BGP-4+ is one of the most important protocols for communicating autonomous systems.
This paper introduces the technology of Multiprotocol Extensions for BGP-4(BGP-4+) which extends BGP-4 to enable it to carry routing information for IPv6o Two abilities are added to BGP-4, they are (a) the ability to associate a particular Network Layer protocol with the next hop information, and (b) the ability to associate a particular Network Layer protocol with NLRI. Two new attributes, MP_REACH_NLRI, and MP_UNREACH_NLRI are used for the purpose of conveying IPv6 routing information.
China networks center started the experiments project of the BGP networks connection on IPv6 testbed in December of 2002. The project also called BIGBANG, which aims to introduce BGP into CERNET IPv6 testbed. The problem of BGP applied on IPv6 networks can be studied by widely application of BGP.
The Lanzhou University of Technology IPv6 testbed fulfilled BGP-4+ in IPv6 router imitated by GNU Zebra under Linux. The IPv6 testbed was assigned AS65008. Its IPv6 unicast was allowed instead of IPv4 unicast. The network 3ffe:3240:8002::/48 was advertised. The BGP neighbor of CERNET IPv6 testbed was established and activated. Finally LUT succeeded to join to the BIGBANG project in March 2003. A mass of BGP routing information was received from the neighbor. The analysis of the BGP routing information was presented. At last the globle AS topology is given at the end of this paper.
The successful connection of BGP-4+ enhances LUT the important node position in the northwest IPv6 networks. At same time, the administration abilities and experiences on BGP-4+ of the staff in LUT IPv6 testbed have been greatly improved.
路由协议BGP-4+是对BGP-4为了适应IPv6而作了些改动：(a)以NEXT HOP信息与特定的网络层协议相联系的功能；(b)以NLRI与特定的网络层协议相联系的功能。增加定义了两种BGP属性：MP_REACH_NLRI和MP_UNREACH_NLRI。并说明了如何用这两种属性来宣告IPv6路由信息。
2002年12月CERNET国家网络中心推出IPv6试验床BGP联网实验计划，目的是在CERNET IPv6试验床内部引入BGP，通过大规模实施BGP来研究BGP协议在IPv6的网络上实施的问题。
本论文首先详细研究分析了BGP-4+协议的原理。接着在兰州理工大学IPv6试验床上，选用Linux操作平台，利用GNU Zebra路由软件实现在IPv6路由器上实现运行BGP-4+路由软件。然后进行了联网实验，分配自治系统AS号65008给我校IPv6网络，关闭路由器的IPv4 BGP单播，打开IPv6 BGP单播，公告兰州理工大学IPv6试验床网络3ffe：3240：8002：：／48，指定邻居CERNET IPv6试验床的自治系统以其IP地址，并激活邻居，聚合路由，还介绍了BGP系统文件的编辑，成功地加入了"C(?)RNET IPv6实验床BGP联网实验计划”。从BGP-4+联网路由信息交换过程中获得了大量的BGP-4+交换路由，对交换路由信息进行了分析，在文章最后给出了一种BGP路由拓扑生成原理，生成了全球IPv6 BGP路由拓扑图。
BGP-4+联网成功增强了兰州理工大学IPv6试验床的西北地区骨干节点地位，同时增加了兰州理工大学IPv6试验床相关人员实施BGP和进行网络管理的经验。
BGP-4+ is an interautonomous system routing protocol, which is very widely deployed on IPv6 networks. At present, BGP-4+ is one of the most important protocols for communicating autonomous systems.
This paper introduces the technology of Multiprotocol Extensions for BGP-4(BGP-4+) which extends BGP-4 to enable it to carry routing information for IPv6o Two abilities are added to BGP-4, they are (a) the ability to associate a particular Network Layer protocol with the next hop information, and (b) the ability to associate a particular Network Layer protocol with NLRI. Two new attributes, MP_REACH_NLRI, and MP_UNREACH_NLRI are used for the purpose of conveying IPv6 routing information.
China networks center started the experiments project of the BGP networks connection on IPv6 testbed in December of 2002. The project also called BIGBANG, which aims to introduce BGP into CERNET IPv6 testbed. The problem of BGP applied on IPv6 networks can be studied by widely application of BGP.
The Lanzhou University of Technology IPv6 testbed fulfilled BGP-4+ in IPv6 router imitated by GNU Zebra under Linux. The IPv6 testbed was assigned AS65008. Its IPv6 unicast was allowed instead of IPv4 unicast. The network 3ffe:3240:8002::/48 was advertised. The BGP neighbor of CERNET IPv6 testbed was established and activated. Finally LUT succeeded to join to the BIGBANG project in March 2003. A mass of BGP routing information was received from the neighbor. The analysis of the BGP routing information was presented. At last the globle AS topology is given at the end of this paper.
The successful connection of BGP-4+ enhances LUT the important node position in the northwest IPv6 networks. At same time, the administration abilities and experiences on BGP-4+ of the staff in LUT IPv6 testbed have been greatly improved.
引文
[1] 中国教育与科研网IPv6试验床网站，http://bigbang.6test.edu.cn/。
[2] T. Bates, Y. Rekhter, RFC2858, Multiprotocol for BGP4 [S]. June 2000.
[3] P. Marques, F. Dupont, RFC2545, Use of BGP4 Multiprotocol Extensions for interdomain routing [S]. March 1999.
[4] Y. Rekhter, T. Li, RFC1771, A Border Gateway Protocol 4 (BGP-4) [S].March 1995.
[5] 宋健，梁伟，袁占亭，孙为，柯铭，BGP在IPv6中的研究与实现，《计算机工程与设计》 2004年第9期。
[6] Hua Ning, CTO, BII Group, IPv6 Core Router Test Report, February 2003.
[7] Todd Lammle, Sean Odom, Kevin Wallace, CCNP: Routing, Publish House of Electronics Industry, March 2001.
[8] P. Traina, RFC1774, BGP-4 Protocol. Analysis, March 1995.
[9] Y. Rekhter, RFC1817, CIDR and Classful Routing, August 1995.
[10] Y. Rekhter, P. Gross, RFC1772, Application of the Border Gateway Protocol in the Internet, March 1995.
[11] T. Bates, R. Chandra, RFC1966, BGP Route Reflection, June 1996.
[12] P. Traina, RFC1773, Experience with the BGP-4 protocol, March 1995.
[13] J. Hawkinson, T. Bates, RFC1930, Guidelines for creation, selection, and registration of an Autonomous System (AS), March 1996.
[14] B. Manning, RFC2042, Registering New BGP Attribute Types, January 1997.
[15] R. Chandra, P. Traina, RFC1997, BGP Communities Attribute, August 1996.
[16] E. Chen, J. Stewart, RFC2519, A Framework for Inter-Domain Route Aggregation, February 1999.
[17] R. Chandra, J. Scudder, RFC3392, Capabilities Advertisement with BGP-4, November 2002.
[18] G. Huston, RFC3221, Commentary on Inter-Domain Routing in the Internet, December 2001.
[19] P. Traina, D. McPherson, J. Scudder, Autonomous System Confederations for BGP, February 2001.
[20] E. Chen, RFC2918, Route Refresh Capability for BGP-4, September 2000.
[21] J. Yu, RFC2791, Scalable Routing Design Principles, July 2000.
[22] 伍海桑，陈茂科，陈名华，胡欣蔚，严程 著，IPv6原理与实践，北京：人民邮电出版社，2000年7月。
[23] 王乐春，龚正虎，白建军，夏建东等著，高端路由器测试技术，北京：人民邮电出版社，2002年12月。
[24] 白建军，钟读杭，朱培栋等著，Internet路由结构分析，北京：人民邮电出版社，2002年5月。
[25] (美)Paul Cernick著，张晋平，宠杨，胡朝晖等译Cisco IP路由手册，北京电子工业出版社，2001年4月。
[26] 孙为，纯IPv6网络中IPsec的研究与应用[D]，兰州：兰州理工大学硕士论
文，2003．6。
[27] 余政，多平台移动IPv6协议研究与实现[D]，兰州：甘肃工业大学硕士论文，2002．4。
[28] 吕德旭，新一代Internet协议IPv6研究及Linux平台下的组网技术[D]，兰州：甘肃工业大学硕士论文，2001．3。
[29] (美)Sam Brown,Brain Browne,Neal Chen等著，王军，刘芳等译，Cisco IOS的IPv6配置，北京：电子工业出版社，2003年1月
[30] 白建军，卢泽新等著，路由器原理与设计，北京：人民邮电出版社，2002年7月
[31] Marcus Goncalves,Kitty Niles著，黄锡伟，杨震 译，IPv6网络，北京：人民邮电出版社，2000年4月
[32] 周逊著，IPv6-下一代互联网的核心，北京：电子工业出版社，2003年8月。
[33] IETF网站: http://www.ietf.org。
[34] 6bone网站: http://www.6bone.net。
[35] http://www.bieringer.de/linux/IPv6/IPv6-HOWTO/IPv6-HOWTO.html.
[35] CERNET BGP VIEW项目网站：http://bgpview.6test.edu.cn/bgp-view/index.shtml
[2] T. Bates, Y. Rekhter, RFC2858, Multiprotocol for BGP4 [S]. June 2000.
[3] P. Marques, F. Dupont, RFC2545, Use of BGP4 Multiprotocol Extensions for interdomain routing [S]. March 1999.
[4] Y. Rekhter, T. Li, RFC1771, A Border Gateway Protocol 4 (BGP-4) [S].March 1995.
[5] 宋健，梁伟，袁占亭，孙为，柯铭，BGP在IPv6中的研究与实现，《计算机工程与设计》 2004年第9期。
[6] Hua Ning, CTO, BII Group, IPv6 Core Router Test Report, February 2003.
[7] Todd Lammle, Sean Odom, Kevin Wallace, CCNP: Routing, Publish House of Electronics Industry, March 2001.
[8] P. Traina, RFC1774, BGP-4 Protocol. Analysis, March 1995.
[9] Y. Rekhter, RFC1817, CIDR and Classful Routing, August 1995.
[10] Y. Rekhter, P. Gross, RFC1772, Application of the Border Gateway Protocol in the Internet, March 1995.
[11] T. Bates, R. Chandra, RFC1966, BGP Route Reflection, June 1996.
[12] P. Traina, RFC1773, Experience with the BGP-4 protocol, March 1995.
[13] J. Hawkinson, T. Bates, RFC1930, Guidelines for creation, selection, and registration of an Autonomous System (AS), March 1996.
[14] B. Manning, RFC2042, Registering New BGP Attribute Types, January 1997.
[15] R. Chandra, P. Traina, RFC1997, BGP Communities Attribute, August 1996.
[16] E. Chen, J. Stewart, RFC2519, A Framework for Inter-Domain Route Aggregation, February 1999.
[17] R. Chandra, J. Scudder, RFC3392, Capabilities Advertisement with BGP-4, November 2002.
[18] G. Huston, RFC3221, Commentary on Inter-Domain Routing in the Internet, December 2001.
[19] P. Traina, D. McPherson, J. Scudder, Autonomous System Confederations for BGP, February 2001.
[20] E. Chen, RFC2918, Route Refresh Capability for BGP-4, September 2000.
[21] J. Yu, RFC2791, Scalable Routing Design Principles, July 2000.
[22] 伍海桑，陈茂科，陈名华，胡欣蔚，严程 著，IPv6原理与实践，北京：人民邮电出版社，2000年7月。
[23] 王乐春，龚正虎，白建军，夏建东等著，高端路由器测试技术，北京：人民邮电出版社，2002年12月。
[24] 白建军，钟读杭，朱培栋等著，Internet路由结构分析，北京：人民邮电出版社，2002年5月。
[25] (美)Paul Cernick著，张晋平，宠杨，胡朝晖等译Cisco IP路由手册，北京电子工业出版社，2001年4月。
[26] 孙为，纯IPv6网络中IPsec的研究与应用[D]，兰州：兰州理工大学硕士论
文，2003．6。
[27] 余政，多平台移动IPv6协议研究与实现[D]，兰州：甘肃工业大学硕士论文，2002．4。
[28] 吕德旭，新一代Internet协议IPv6研究及Linux平台下的组网技术[D]，兰州：甘肃工业大学硕士论文，2001．3。
[29] (美)Sam Brown,Brain Browne,Neal Chen等著，王军，刘芳等译，Cisco IOS的IPv6配置，北京：电子工业出版社，2003年1月
[30] 白建军，卢泽新等著，路由器原理与设计，北京：人民邮电出版社，2002年7月
[31] Marcus Goncalves,Kitty Niles著，黄锡伟，杨震 译，IPv6网络，北京：人民邮电出版社，2000年4月
[32] 周逊著，IPv6-下一代互联网的核心，北京：电子工业出版社，2003年8月。
[33] IETF网站: http://www.ietf.org。
[34] 6bone网站: http://www.6bone.net。
[35] http://www.bieringer.de/linux/IPv6/IPv6-HOWTO/IPv6-HOWTO.html.
[35] CERNET BGP VIEW项目网站：http://bgpview.6test.edu.cn/bgp-view/index.shtml