福建省森林资源生态足迹及其空间特征研究
|
摘要
森林是重要的陆地生态系统,也是重要的自然资源。森林可持续问题一直是可持续发展的重要议题。近年来随着经济的持续增长,福建省对自然资源的需求不断上升,出现森林资源问题的地区也越来越多。若福建省要实现可持续发展,就必须对消耗自然资源的度有个清晰准确的了解,从而合理利用森林资源,实现森林资源可持续利用战略对策。生态足迹作为一种新兴的衡量区域可持续发展的指标,描述人类对于生态系统的需求,对研究区域的可持续发展工作具有一定的指导意义。目前对资源的生态足迹计算,多集中在水资源的生态足迹计算,对其他资源生态足迹的研究相对较少,未见森林资源生态足迹研究。
本文通过运用生态足迹模型分析方法对福建省森林资源占用情况进行核算,并结合生态承载力进行评价,揭示其可持续发展趋势。在此基础上,通过对福建省各区域的森林资源生态足迹的分别计算,反映出各县市对森林资源的需求状况,并其空间特征进行研究,直观呈现出在一定时空尺度下,人们经济活动对福建省森林资源的消费以及森林生态系统能够提供的资源之间的联系,对今后福建各地区的社会经济发展及可持续发展提供了科学依据。同时,本研究还确定了森林资源生态足迹研究模型中相关参数,建立全新森林资源生态足迹的研究模式。研究分析结果如下:
福建森林资源生态足迹为11312591.59hm2,生态承载力为98654022.99 hm2,福建省森林资源生态足迹的供给均大于需求,表现为生态盈余,其中各地市的木材资源足迹均明显大于其他成分,说明生产用森林资源仍占据森林资源生态足迹中较大的比重。福建省森林资源生态足迹人均盈余为2.4390hm2,其中福建传统林区“南三龙”人均盈余远远高出其他地市的盈余,可以看出福建省森林分布不均,且森林资源质量参差不齐。
对福建省森林资源生态足迹、生态承载力、生态盈余的全局相关性指数进行计算,结果Global Moran’s I分别为0.465109、0.626267、0.605384,值均大于零,表明福建省森林资源生态足迹、生态承载力、生态盈余均存在着存在着显著的正相关,对其Z值分别进行检验, Z值均显著在(-1.96,1.96)区间之外,拒绝零假设,即观测变量在空间上均呈集聚特征,有明显的全局空间集聚现象,在空间分布上也具有明显的规律性。
福建省森林资源生态足迹、生态承载力、生态盈余分布存在着显著的局部空间集聚现象,且呈正相关的乡镇数均明显高于呈负相关的数量。大部分区域与周围区域的分布关联性并不显著,这些区域分布的差异性不是很明显。闽西北山区-南平、三明、龙岩区域,森林生态足迹、生态承载力及生态盈余的分布均表现的“高-高”正关联,呈现集聚的特点;离山区较远的沿海区域,位于“低-低”关联区域,表现出显著正相关性;另外有部分区域与周围区域的差距比较大,呈现出显著的“低-高”负关联,与周围区域间差异也较显著。
The forest is an important terrestrial ecosystem, is also important natural resources. Sustainable forest is an important issue of sustainable development. In recent years, along with sustained economic growth in Fujian Province, Fujian Province, the demand for natural resources has been rising. under pressure of natural factors and social factors, the forest resources of the area appears more and more problems. If we want to achieve sustainable development in Fujian Province, we need to have a clear and accurate understanding of how many natural resources are consumed. Thus, Rational use of forest resources, To achieve the sustainable use of forest resources.
The ecological footprint, as a new measure of regional sustainable development index, Describe the human to ecological system requirements, the demand for the sustainable development of the research work has certain directive significance. It has a certain directive significance for the study of regional sustainable development work .Now about the ecological footprint of resources, focus on the ecological footprint of water resources, the ecological footprint of other research relatively less, did not see the ecological footprint of forest resources yet .
Through the analysis of the ecological footprint model method of Fujian province on forest resources occupied accounting, Combine ecological capacity model method, accounting for the sustainable development of forest resources in Fujian province, reveals its sustainable development trend. On this basis, through the forest resources in Fujian every cities are calculated respectively, reflecting the demand of forest resources and its spatial characteristics. Intuitive showing, In a certain spatial and time, the relevance between the consumption of forest resources by economic activity and Forest ecological system can provide resources. Provides scientific basis of Fujian regional sustainable development of social economy development .And this paper identified the model parameters of ecological footprint of forest resources study. Establish a new ecological footprint of forest resources model. Research results are as follows:
The ecological footprint of forest resources in Fujian province for 11312591.59 hm2, the ecological capacity for 98654022.99 hm2 .The ecological footprint of forest resources in Fujian province of supply are greater than demand, shows ecological remainder. The footprints of wood resources were significantly higher than other ingredients. Explains the production of forest resources in forest ecological footprint is occupied in proportion.The ecological remainder of forest resources in Fujian province for 2.4390 hm2 per capita, Fujian traditional forest "big three" (nanping, sanming, longyan) in Fujian forestry role, is much higher than other cities per capita in Fujian province, we can see the forest distributed in Fujian province, and forest resources are of variable quality.
The ecological footprint ,capacity, remainder of forest resources in Fujian province’s Global Moran’s I are 0.465109、0.626267、0.605384,shows that the ecological footprint ,capacity, remainder of forest resources in Fujian province have significant positive correlation exists, Z-prize not in (-1.96,1.96), shows apparent global spatial clustered in spatial distribution, also has the obvious regularity.
The ecological footprint ,capacity, remainder of forest resources in Fujian province shows significant partial spatial clustered, and the number of villages and towns are positively correlated significantly higher than the negatively correlated quantity. Most of the distribution of regional and surrounding area is not significant, the relationship between the regional distribution is not obvious.
Also, Nanping, Sanming, Longyan city - those area, the ecological footprint ,capacity, remainder of forest resources shows "high - high" association. Far from the mountains, is located in the coastal area of "low - low "association, showing significant positive correlation, Another part of the regional gap with the surrounding area is larger, showing significant "low-high " negative correlation, around with regional differences are significant.
本文通过运用生态足迹模型分析方法对福建省森林资源占用情况进行核算,并结合生态承载力进行评价,揭示其可持续发展趋势。在此基础上,通过对福建省各区域的森林资源生态足迹的分别计算,反映出各县市对森林资源的需求状况,并其空间特征进行研究,直观呈现出在一定时空尺度下,人们经济活动对福建省森林资源的消费以及森林生态系统能够提供的资源之间的联系,对今后福建各地区的社会经济发展及可持续发展提供了科学依据。同时,本研究还确定了森林资源生态足迹研究模型中相关参数,建立全新森林资源生态足迹的研究模式。研究分析结果如下:
福建森林资源生态足迹为11312591.59hm2,生态承载力为98654022.99 hm2,福建省森林资源生态足迹的供给均大于需求,表现为生态盈余,其中各地市的木材资源足迹均明显大于其他成分,说明生产用森林资源仍占据森林资源生态足迹中较大的比重。福建省森林资源生态足迹人均盈余为2.4390hm2,其中福建传统林区“南三龙”人均盈余远远高出其他地市的盈余,可以看出福建省森林分布不均,且森林资源质量参差不齐。
对福建省森林资源生态足迹、生态承载力、生态盈余的全局相关性指数进行计算,结果Global Moran’s I分别为0.465109、0.626267、0.605384,值均大于零,表明福建省森林资源生态足迹、生态承载力、生态盈余均存在着存在着显著的正相关,对其Z值分别进行检验, Z值均显著在(-1.96,1.96)区间之外,拒绝零假设,即观测变量在空间上均呈集聚特征,有明显的全局空间集聚现象,在空间分布上也具有明显的规律性。
福建省森林资源生态足迹、生态承载力、生态盈余分布存在着显著的局部空间集聚现象,且呈正相关的乡镇数均明显高于呈负相关的数量。大部分区域与周围区域的分布关联性并不显著,这些区域分布的差异性不是很明显。闽西北山区-南平、三明、龙岩区域,森林生态足迹、生态承载力及生态盈余的分布均表现的“高-高”正关联,呈现集聚的特点;离山区较远的沿海区域,位于“低-低”关联区域,表现出显著正相关性;另外有部分区域与周围区域的差距比较大,呈现出显著的“低-高”负关联,与周围区域间差异也较显著。
The forest is an important terrestrial ecosystem, is also important natural resources. Sustainable forest is an important issue of sustainable development. In recent years, along with sustained economic growth in Fujian Province, Fujian Province, the demand for natural resources has been rising. under pressure of natural factors and social factors, the forest resources of the area appears more and more problems. If we want to achieve sustainable development in Fujian Province, we need to have a clear and accurate understanding of how many natural resources are consumed. Thus, Rational use of forest resources, To achieve the sustainable use of forest resources.
The ecological footprint, as a new measure of regional sustainable development index, Describe the human to ecological system requirements, the demand for the sustainable development of the research work has certain directive significance. It has a certain directive significance for the study of regional sustainable development work .Now about the ecological footprint of resources, focus on the ecological footprint of water resources, the ecological footprint of other research relatively less, did not see the ecological footprint of forest resources yet .
Through the analysis of the ecological footprint model method of Fujian province on forest resources occupied accounting, Combine ecological capacity model method, accounting for the sustainable development of forest resources in Fujian province, reveals its sustainable development trend. On this basis, through the forest resources in Fujian every cities are calculated respectively, reflecting the demand of forest resources and its spatial characteristics. Intuitive showing, In a certain spatial and time, the relevance between the consumption of forest resources by economic activity and Forest ecological system can provide resources. Provides scientific basis of Fujian regional sustainable development of social economy development .And this paper identified the model parameters of ecological footprint of forest resources study. Establish a new ecological footprint of forest resources model. Research results are as follows:
The ecological footprint of forest resources in Fujian province for 11312591.59 hm2, the ecological capacity for 98654022.99 hm2 .The ecological footprint of forest resources in Fujian province of supply are greater than demand, shows ecological remainder. The footprints of wood resources were significantly higher than other ingredients. Explains the production of forest resources in forest ecological footprint is occupied in proportion.The ecological remainder of forest resources in Fujian province for 2.4390 hm2 per capita, Fujian traditional forest "big three" (nanping, sanming, longyan) in Fujian forestry role, is much higher than other cities per capita in Fujian province, we can see the forest distributed in Fujian province, and forest resources are of variable quality.
The ecological footprint ,capacity, remainder of forest resources in Fujian province’s Global Moran’s I are 0.465109、0.626267、0.605384,shows that the ecological footprint ,capacity, remainder of forest resources in Fujian province have significant positive correlation exists, Z-prize not in (-1.96,1.96), shows apparent global spatial clustered in spatial distribution, also has the obvious regularity.
The ecological footprint ,capacity, remainder of forest resources in Fujian province shows significant partial spatial clustered, and the number of villages and towns are positively correlated significantly higher than the negatively correlated quantity. Most of the distribution of regional and surrounding area is not significant, the relationship between the regional distribution is not obvious.
Also, Nanping, Sanming, Longyan city - those area, the ecological footprint ,capacity, remainder of forest resources shows "high - high" association. Far from the mountains, is located in the coastal area of "low - low "association, showing significant positive correlation, Another part of the regional gap with the surrounding area is larger, showing significant "low-high " negative correlation, around with regional differences are significant.
引文
[1]亢新刚.森林资源经营管理[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2001:23-24.
[2] FAO.Global Forest Resources Assessment 2005 (FAO Forestry Paper,147)[M].Rome:2005.
[3]国家林业局森林资源管理司.第六次全国森林资源清查及森林资源状况[J].绿色中国,2005(02) .
[4]福建省林业厅.福建省森林资源概况[EB/OL].http://www.fjforestry.gov.cn/Index.aspx?NodeID=96&LanMuType=96.
[5]谷树忠,持续发展思想及其对自然资源问题的含义[J].中国人口、资源与环境,1993,3(1):59-62.
[6]赵士洞,王礼茂.可持续发展的概念和内涵[J].自然资源学报,1996,11(3):288-292.
[7]闵庆文,欧阳志云.可持续发展的生态学思考[J].农村生态环境,1998,14(2):40-44.
[8]孙鸿烈,封志明.资源科学研究的现在与未来[J].资源科学,1998,20(1):3-12.
[9]胡仲义,王银海,王立中.中国森林资源可持续发展初探[J].林业资源管理,2002,12(6):14-16.
[10]林业部.中国21世纪议程林业行动计划[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1995.
[11] WCED.our common future[R].Oxford university press.1987.
[12]徐中民,张志强,程国栋.生态经济学理论方法与应用[M].河南:黄河水利出版社,2003:26.
[13]徐中民,张志强,程国栋.可持续发展定量研究的几种新方法[J].中国人口、资源与环境.2000,10(2):60-64.
[14] Hard P,Barg S,Hodge T,et al.Measuring sustainable development:Review of current practices[R].Occasional paper number 17,1997,I1(HSD):1-2,49-51.
[15]中国科学院可持续发展研究组.中国可持续发展战略报告(1999-2002) [M].北京科学出版社12-31,108-131.
[16]匡耀求,孙大中.珠江三角洲经济区可持续发展的初步评价[J] .中国人口、资源与环境,1998,8 :31-34.
[17]刘求实,沈红.区域可持续发展指标体系与评价方法研究[J].中国人口、资源与环境,1997,12:60-64.
[18]王懿祥,周国模,白尚斌,等.森林可持续发展综合评价的方法系统[J].世界林业研究,2006,19(6):6-10.
[19]陶少军,武来成,陈昌雄.林业可持续发展评价指标体系构建初探[J].林业调查规划, 2009,34(1):95-97.
[20] United Nations.indicators of sustainable development:Framework and Methodologies [R].New York:1996.
[21] OECD.Towards Sustainable Development:Environmental Indicators2001[R].Paris:2001
[22] Prescott-Allen R.The Barometer of Sustainability:a Method of Assessing Progress Towards Sustainable Societies.1995 .
[23] Cataned B E. An index of sustainable economic welfare (ISEW) for Chile[J].Ecological Economics,1999.28:231-244.
[24] UNSD.List of environmental and related socioeconomic indicators[DB/OL].New York:UNSD2002.
[25] Costanza R,d’Arge R,Rudolf de Groot,et al.The value of the world’s ecosystem services and natural capital[J].Nature,1997,387:253~260.
[26] YCELP,2002 Environmental Sustainability Index.An Initiative of the Global Leaders of Tomorrow Environment Task Force ,World Economic Forum[R].New Haven:YCELP,2002.
[27] William E R.Ecological footprint and appropriated carrying capacity: what urban economics leaves out[J].Environ and Unban,1992,4:121-130.
[28] Wackenagel M,William E R. Our Ecological Footprint: Reducing Human Impact on the Earth[M].Gabriola Isoland, New Society Publishers,1996.3-34.
[29]王书玉,卞新民.生态足迹理论方法的改进及应用[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(9):1977-1981.
[30]黄林楠,张伟新,姜翠玲,等.水资源生态足迹计算方法[J].生态学报,2008,28(3):1279-1286.
[31] William E.R. Revisiting carrying-capacity:Area-based indicatiors of sustainability, population and Environmental :a journal of International Interdisciplinary Studies,1997,17(3) .
[32]刘冬梅.可持续积极发展理论框架下的生态足迹研究[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2007:1.
[33]徐中民,程国栋,张志强.生态足迹方法的理论解析[J].中国人口、资源与环境.2006,16(6):69-78.
[34]谢鸿宇,王羚郦,陈贤生.生态足迹评价模型的改进与应用[M].北京:化学工业出版社2008:1.
[35]刘年丰,谢鸿宇,肖波.生态容量及环境价值损失评价[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005.
[36] Wackernagel M,Schulz N B,Deumling D,et al.Tracking the ecological overshoot of the humna economy[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the United States of America. 2002,99(14):9266-9267.
[37]谢新源,陈悠,李振山.国内外生态足迹研究进展[J].四川环境,2008,27 (1):66-72.
[38]王书华.区域生态经济-理论、方法与实践[M].北京:中国发展出版社,2008:61.
[39]易光斌,董瑞斌.生态足迹理论及其应用[J].江西科学,2003,21 (3):260-264
[40]翁伯琦,王义祥,黄毅斌,等.福建省生态足迹和生态承载力的动态变化[J].应用生态学报,2006,17 (11):2153-2157.
[41]王晓明,许玉,綦群高.生态足迹综合法动态分析与组分法的对比研究—以浙江省淳安县为例[J].石河子大学学报(自然科学版),2007,25 (1):12-17.
[42]刘冬梅.生态足迹模型的修正与动态设计—在可持续经济发展理论框架下[J].干旱区资源与环境,2008,22 (3):42-46.
[43]李宏.生态足迹理论及其应用研究[D]兰州:兰州大学,2006.
[44] Wackernagel M,Onisto L,BelloP,et al.National natural capital accounting with the ecological footprints concept[J].Ecological Economics,1999,29:375-390.
[45] Wackernagel M,Onisto L,BelloP, et al.Ecological footprints of nation [J]. Commissioned by the Earth council for the Rio+5Forum.Toronto:International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives ,1997,4-12.
[46] WWF International,UNEP.Redefining Progress et al.Living planet report1998[EB/OL].[2009-8-04].http://www.panda.org/news_facts/ publications/living_ planet_ report/index.cfm.
[47] WWF International,UNEP.Redefining Progress et al.Living planet report2000[EB/OL].[2009-8-04].http://www.panda.org/news_facts/ publications/living_ planet_ report/index.cfm.
[48] WWF International,UNEP.Redefining Progress et al.Living planet report2002[EB/OL].[2009-8-04].http://www.panda.org/news_facts/ publications/living_ planet_ report/index.cfm.
[49] WWF International,UNEP.Redefining Progress et al.Living planet report2004[EB/OL].[2009-8-04].http://www.panda.org/news_facts/ publications/living_ planet_ report/index.cfm.
[50] WWF International,UNEP.Redefining Progress et al.Living planet report2006[EB/OL].[2009-8-04].http://www.panda.org/news_facts/ publications/living_ planet_ report/index.cfm.
[51] WWF International,UNEP.Redefining Progress et al.Living planet report2008[EB/OL].[2009-8-04].http://www.panda.org/news_facts/ publications/living_ planet_ report/index.cfm.
[52]尹璇,倪晋仁,毛小芩.生态足迹研究述评[J].中国人口、资源与环境,2004,14(5):45-51.
[53]徐中民,张志强.中国1999年生态足迹计算与发展能力分析[J].应用生态学报,2003,14(2):280-285.
[54]江泽慧.中国可持续发展总纲第六卷.中国森林资源与可持续发展[M].北京.科学出版社,2007,307.
[55]王开运.生态承载力复合模型系统与应用[M].北京.科学出版社,2007,3.
[56]谷文明,刘瑞楠,徐太海.基于生态足迹供给模型的生态承载力评价[J].环境科学与管理,2009.34(1):149-151.
[57]张志强,徐中民.生态足迹的概念及计算模型[ J].生态经济, 2000, 10: 8211.
[58]吴静和.浙江省森林资源的承载能力[ J].浙江林学院学报,1990,7(3):195~202.
[59]欧阳勋志,彭世揆,廖为明,等.森林承载力评价方法的探讨[J].江西农业大学学报,2003(6):834-838.
[60]联合国粮农组织.粮农组织统计年鉴[M].联合国粮农组织.2007-2008.
[61]中国木业网.世界主要产竹国的竹子生产[EB/OL].[2009-8-23].http://www.wood365.cn/news/html/20051/New_Info82_091011017.html.
[62]包英爽,李智勇.国外竹产业的发展现状及趋势[J].世界竹藤通讯,2005,3(4):40-42.
[63]国家林业局.全国主要木材、竹材产品产量[EB/OL].[2009-8-29].http://www.forestry.gov.cn/data/lytj/2007q/tj-11.htm.
[64]吴正心,庞燕,李正军.绿色物流包装材料的开发前景[ J].物流技术,2006,(7): 68-70.
[65]新华网.油桐介绍[EB/OL].[2009-8-29]. http://www.gz.xinhuanet.com/zfpd/2008-10/14/content_14627466.htm.
[66]新华网.油桐市场价格[EB/OL].[2009-9-11].http://www.gz.xinhuanet.com/zfpd/2008-10/14/content_14627467.htm.
[67]新农网.我国油茶林种植面积[EB/OL].[2009-9-11].http://www.xn--uvwq01bozc.com/News_nr.jsp?newsid=24.
[68]邹积丰,韩联生,王瑛.非木材林产品资源国内外开发利用的现状、发展趋势与瞻望[ J].中国林副特产,2000,(1):35-38.
[69] Goodchild M F.Spatial Autocorrelation[M].Norwich:GeoBooks,1986:5-l2.
[70]朱传耿,顾朝林,马荣华.中国流动人口的影响要素与空间分布[J].地理学报,2001,56(5):549-560.
[71]李粉玲,颉耀文.甘南省民勤县人口空间分布初步研究[J].西北人口,2005(3):59-61.
[72] Griffth,D.A.Spatial Autocorrelation and Spatial Filtering[M].Germany:Springer,2003:3-6.
[73]何彬彬,郭达志.基于空间统计学的空间关联挖掘[J].计算机工程,2006(32):20-22.
[74]陆林,余凤龙.中国旅游经济差异的空间特征分析[J].经济地理,2005,25(3):406-410.
[75] Griffth,D.A.Spatial Autocorrelation and Spatial Filtering[M].Germany:Springer,2003:3-6.
[76]王学军.空间分析技术与地理信息系统的结合[J].地理研究,1997,16(3):70-74.
[77]郭仁忠.空间分析[M].高等教育出版社,2001:29-78.
[78]刘仲刚,李满春.面向离散点的空间权重矩阵生成算法与实证研究[J].地理与地理信息科学,2006(3):53-56.
[79]王劲峰,李连发,葛咏.地理信息空间分析的理论体系探讨[J].地理学报,2000,55(1):92-103.
[80] Odland J.Spatial autocorrelation[M].California:Sage Publications,Inc,1988:23-45.
[81]刘德钦,刘宇.中国人口分布及空间相关分析[J].测绘科学,2004,29 (12):76-79.
[82]沈绿珠.空间关联分析及其应用[J].统计与决策,2006(8):28-30.
[83] Cliff A D,Ord J K.Spatial Autocorrelation[C].London:Pion,1973:11-23.
[84] Cliff A D,Ord J K.Spatialprocesses:Models and Applications[M].London:Pion,1981:8-17.
[85] Getis A,Ord J Keith.The Analysis of Spatial Association By the Use of Distance Statistics[J].Geographical Analysis,1992,(24):189-206.
[86] Dubin,R.A.Spatial Autocorrclation:A Primer[J].Journal of Housing Economies,1998,(7):304-327.
[87]陈斐,杜道生.空间统计分析与GIS在区域经济分析中的应用[J]武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2002,27(4):391-395.
[88]宋鸿,陈晓玲.运用空间自相关分析中国入境旅游增长空间格局[J].世界地理研究,2006,15(1):99-106.
[89] Moran.P.The Interpretation of Statistical Maps[J].Journal of the Royal Statistical Society ,1948,10(2):43-51.
[90]宋洁华,李建松.空间自相关在区域经济统计分析中的应用[J].测绘信息与工程,2006,12(6):24-34.
[91]孟斌,王劲峰,张文忠,等.基于空间分析方法的中国区域差异研究,2005,25 (8):393-400.
[92]柏延臣,李新,冯学智.空间数据分析与空间模型[J].地理研究,1999,18(2):18-23.
[93] Bodson.P and D.Peeters.Estimation of the Coefficients of a Linear Regression in the Presence of Spatial Autocorrelation:An Application to a Belgian Labour—DemandFunction[J].Environment and Planning,1975,7:455-472.
[94] Anselin L.Local Indicators of SpatialAssociation-LISA[J].Geographical Analysis,1995,27(2):93-116.
[95]刘旭华,王劲峰.空间权重矩阵的生成方法分析与实验[J].地球信息科学,2002,2(2):38-44.
[96]潘竟虎,冯兆东,董晓峰.甘肃省区域经济差异时空格局的ESDA-GIS[J].兰州大学学报,2008,44(4):45-50.
[97]王劲峰.空间分析[M].北京:科学出版社,2006:440-444.
[98]俞路,张善余.近年来上海人口分布变动的空间特征分析[J].华东师范大学学报,2006,38(5):10-14.
[2] FAO.Global Forest Resources Assessment 2005 (FAO Forestry Paper,147)[M].Rome:2005.
[3]国家林业局森林资源管理司.第六次全国森林资源清查及森林资源状况[J].绿色中国,2005(02) .
[4]福建省林业厅.福建省森林资源概况[EB/OL].http://www.fjforestry.gov.cn/Index.aspx?NodeID=96&LanMuType=96.
[5]谷树忠,持续发展思想及其对自然资源问题的含义[J].中国人口、资源与环境,1993,3(1):59-62.
[6]赵士洞,王礼茂.可持续发展的概念和内涵[J].自然资源学报,1996,11(3):288-292.
[7]闵庆文,欧阳志云.可持续发展的生态学思考[J].农村生态环境,1998,14(2):40-44.
[8]孙鸿烈,封志明.资源科学研究的现在与未来[J].资源科学,1998,20(1):3-12.
[9]胡仲义,王银海,王立中.中国森林资源可持续发展初探[J].林业资源管理,2002,12(6):14-16.
[10]林业部.中国21世纪议程林业行动计划[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1995.
[11] WCED.our common future[R].Oxford university press.1987.
[12]徐中民,张志强,程国栋.生态经济学理论方法与应用[M].河南:黄河水利出版社,2003:26.
[13]徐中民,张志强,程国栋.可持续发展定量研究的几种新方法[J].中国人口、资源与环境.2000,10(2):60-64.
[14] Hard P,Barg S,Hodge T,et al.Measuring sustainable development:Review of current practices[R].Occasional paper number 17,1997,I1(HSD):1-2,49-51.
[15]中国科学院可持续发展研究组.中国可持续发展战略报告(1999-2002) [M].北京科学出版社12-31,108-131.
[16]匡耀求,孙大中.珠江三角洲经济区可持续发展的初步评价[J] .中国人口、资源与环境,1998,8 :31-34.
[17]刘求实,沈红.区域可持续发展指标体系与评价方法研究[J].中国人口、资源与环境,1997,12:60-64.
[18]王懿祥,周国模,白尚斌,等.森林可持续发展综合评价的方法系统[J].世界林业研究,2006,19(6):6-10.
[19]陶少军,武来成,陈昌雄.林业可持续发展评价指标体系构建初探[J].林业调查规划, 2009,34(1):95-97.
[20] United Nations.indicators of sustainable development:Framework and Methodologies [R].New York:1996.
[21] OECD.Towards Sustainable Development:Environmental Indicators2001[R].Paris:2001
[22] Prescott-Allen R.The Barometer of Sustainability:a Method of Assessing Progress Towards Sustainable Societies.1995 .
[23] Cataned B E. An index of sustainable economic welfare (ISEW) for Chile[J].Ecological Economics,1999.28:231-244.
[24] UNSD.List of environmental and related socioeconomic indicators[DB/OL].New York:UNSD2002.
[25] Costanza R,d’Arge R,Rudolf de Groot,et al.The value of the world’s ecosystem services and natural capital[J].Nature,1997,387:253~260.
[26] YCELP,2002 Environmental Sustainability Index.An Initiative of the Global Leaders of Tomorrow Environment Task Force ,World Economic Forum[R].New Haven:YCELP,2002.
[27] William E R.Ecological footprint and appropriated carrying capacity: what urban economics leaves out[J].Environ and Unban,1992,4:121-130.
[28] Wackenagel M,William E R. Our Ecological Footprint: Reducing Human Impact on the Earth[M].Gabriola Isoland, New Society Publishers,1996.3-34.
[29]王书玉,卞新民.生态足迹理论方法的改进及应用[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(9):1977-1981.
[30]黄林楠,张伟新,姜翠玲,等.水资源生态足迹计算方法[J].生态学报,2008,28(3):1279-1286.
[31] William E.R. Revisiting carrying-capacity:Area-based indicatiors of sustainability, population and Environmental :a journal of International Interdisciplinary Studies,1997,17(3) .
[32]刘冬梅.可持续积极发展理论框架下的生态足迹研究[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2007:1.
[33]徐中民,程国栋,张志强.生态足迹方法的理论解析[J].中国人口、资源与环境.2006,16(6):69-78.
[34]谢鸿宇,王羚郦,陈贤生.生态足迹评价模型的改进与应用[M].北京:化学工业出版社2008:1.
[35]刘年丰,谢鸿宇,肖波.生态容量及环境价值损失评价[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005.
[36] Wackernagel M,Schulz N B,Deumling D,et al.Tracking the ecological overshoot of the humna economy[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the United States of America. 2002,99(14):9266-9267.
[37]谢新源,陈悠,李振山.国内外生态足迹研究进展[J].四川环境,2008,27 (1):66-72.
[38]王书华.区域生态经济-理论、方法与实践[M].北京:中国发展出版社,2008:61.
[39]易光斌,董瑞斌.生态足迹理论及其应用[J].江西科学,2003,21 (3):260-264
[40]翁伯琦,王义祥,黄毅斌,等.福建省生态足迹和生态承载力的动态变化[J].应用生态学报,2006,17 (11):2153-2157.
[41]王晓明,许玉,綦群高.生态足迹综合法动态分析与组分法的对比研究—以浙江省淳安县为例[J].石河子大学学报(自然科学版),2007,25 (1):12-17.
[42]刘冬梅.生态足迹模型的修正与动态设计—在可持续经济发展理论框架下[J].干旱区资源与环境,2008,22 (3):42-46.
[43]李宏.生态足迹理论及其应用研究[D]兰州:兰州大学,2006.
[44] Wackernagel M,Onisto L,BelloP,et al.National natural capital accounting with the ecological footprints concept[J].Ecological Economics,1999,29:375-390.
[45] Wackernagel M,Onisto L,BelloP, et al.Ecological footprints of nation [J]. Commissioned by the Earth council for the Rio+5Forum.Toronto:International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives ,1997,4-12.
[46] WWF International,UNEP.Redefining Progress et al.Living planet report1998[EB/OL].[2009-8-04].http://www.panda.org/news_facts/ publications/living_ planet_ report/index.cfm.
[47] WWF International,UNEP.Redefining Progress et al.Living planet report2000[EB/OL].[2009-8-04].http://www.panda.org/news_facts/ publications/living_ planet_ report/index.cfm.
[48] WWF International,UNEP.Redefining Progress et al.Living planet report2002[EB/OL].[2009-8-04].http://www.panda.org/news_facts/ publications/living_ planet_ report/index.cfm.
[49] WWF International,UNEP.Redefining Progress et al.Living planet report2004[EB/OL].[2009-8-04].http://www.panda.org/news_facts/ publications/living_ planet_ report/index.cfm.
[50] WWF International,UNEP.Redefining Progress et al.Living planet report2006[EB/OL].[2009-8-04].http://www.panda.org/news_facts/ publications/living_ planet_ report/index.cfm.
[51] WWF International,UNEP.Redefining Progress et al.Living planet report2008[EB/OL].[2009-8-04].http://www.panda.org/news_facts/ publications/living_ planet_ report/index.cfm.
[52]尹璇,倪晋仁,毛小芩.生态足迹研究述评[J].中国人口、资源与环境,2004,14(5):45-51.
[53]徐中民,张志强.中国1999年生态足迹计算与发展能力分析[J].应用生态学报,2003,14(2):280-285.
[54]江泽慧.中国可持续发展总纲第六卷.中国森林资源与可持续发展[M].北京.科学出版社,2007,307.
[55]王开运.生态承载力复合模型系统与应用[M].北京.科学出版社,2007,3.
[56]谷文明,刘瑞楠,徐太海.基于生态足迹供给模型的生态承载力评价[J].环境科学与管理,2009.34(1):149-151.
[57]张志强,徐中民.生态足迹的概念及计算模型[ J].生态经济, 2000, 10: 8211.
[58]吴静和.浙江省森林资源的承载能力[ J].浙江林学院学报,1990,7(3):195~202.
[59]欧阳勋志,彭世揆,廖为明,等.森林承载力评价方法的探讨[J].江西农业大学学报,2003(6):834-838.
[60]联合国粮农组织.粮农组织统计年鉴[M].联合国粮农组织.2007-2008.
[61]中国木业网.世界主要产竹国的竹子生产[EB/OL].[2009-8-23].http://www.wood365.cn/news/html/20051/New_Info82_091011017.html.
[62]包英爽,李智勇.国外竹产业的发展现状及趋势[J].世界竹藤通讯,2005,3(4):40-42.
[63]国家林业局.全国主要木材、竹材产品产量[EB/OL].[2009-8-29].http://www.forestry.gov.cn/data/lytj/2007q/tj-11.htm.
[64]吴正心,庞燕,李正军.绿色物流包装材料的开发前景[ J].物流技术,2006,(7): 68-70.
[65]新华网.油桐介绍[EB/OL].[2009-8-29]. http://www.gz.xinhuanet.com/zfpd/2008-10/14/content_14627466.htm.
[66]新华网.油桐市场价格[EB/OL].[2009-9-11].http://www.gz.xinhuanet.com/zfpd/2008-10/14/content_14627467.htm.
[67]新农网.我国油茶林种植面积[EB/OL].[2009-9-11].http://www.xn--uvwq01bozc.com/News_nr.jsp?newsid=24.
[68]邹积丰,韩联生,王瑛.非木材林产品资源国内外开发利用的现状、发展趋势与瞻望[ J].中国林副特产,2000,(1):35-38.
[69] Goodchild M F.Spatial Autocorrelation[M].Norwich:GeoBooks,1986:5-l2.
[70]朱传耿,顾朝林,马荣华.中国流动人口的影响要素与空间分布[J].地理学报,2001,56(5):549-560.
[71]李粉玲,颉耀文.甘南省民勤县人口空间分布初步研究[J].西北人口,2005(3):59-61.
[72] Griffth,D.A.Spatial Autocorrelation and Spatial Filtering[M].Germany:Springer,2003:3-6.
[73]何彬彬,郭达志.基于空间统计学的空间关联挖掘[J].计算机工程,2006(32):20-22.
[74]陆林,余凤龙.中国旅游经济差异的空间特征分析[J].经济地理,2005,25(3):406-410.
[75] Griffth,D.A.Spatial Autocorrelation and Spatial Filtering[M].Germany:Springer,2003:3-6.
[76]王学军.空间分析技术与地理信息系统的结合[J].地理研究,1997,16(3):70-74.
[77]郭仁忠.空间分析[M].高等教育出版社,2001:29-78.
[78]刘仲刚,李满春.面向离散点的空间权重矩阵生成算法与实证研究[J].地理与地理信息科学,2006(3):53-56.
[79]王劲峰,李连发,葛咏.地理信息空间分析的理论体系探讨[J].地理学报,2000,55(1):92-103.
[80] Odland J.Spatial autocorrelation[M].California:Sage Publications,Inc,1988:23-45.
[81]刘德钦,刘宇.中国人口分布及空间相关分析[J].测绘科学,2004,29 (12):76-79.
[82]沈绿珠.空间关联分析及其应用[J].统计与决策,2006(8):28-30.
[83] Cliff A D,Ord J K.Spatial Autocorrelation[C].London:Pion,1973:11-23.
[84] Cliff A D,Ord J K.Spatialprocesses:Models and Applications[M].London:Pion,1981:8-17.
[85] Getis A,Ord J Keith.The Analysis of Spatial Association By the Use of Distance Statistics[J].Geographical Analysis,1992,(24):189-206.
[86] Dubin,R.A.Spatial Autocorrclation:A Primer[J].Journal of Housing Economies,1998,(7):304-327.
[87]陈斐,杜道生.空间统计分析与GIS在区域经济分析中的应用[J]武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2002,27(4):391-395.
[88]宋鸿,陈晓玲.运用空间自相关分析中国入境旅游增长空间格局[J].世界地理研究,2006,15(1):99-106.
[89] Moran.P.The Interpretation of Statistical Maps[J].Journal of the Royal Statistical Society ,1948,10(2):43-51.
[90]宋洁华,李建松.空间自相关在区域经济统计分析中的应用[J].测绘信息与工程,2006,12(6):24-34.
[91]孟斌,王劲峰,张文忠,等.基于空间分析方法的中国区域差异研究,2005,25 (8):393-400.
[92]柏延臣,李新,冯学智.空间数据分析与空间模型[J].地理研究,1999,18(2):18-23.
[93] Bodson.P and D.Peeters.Estimation of the Coefficients of a Linear Regression in the Presence of Spatial Autocorrelation:An Application to a Belgian Labour—DemandFunction[J].Environment and Planning,1975,7:455-472.
[94] Anselin L.Local Indicators of SpatialAssociation-LISA[J].Geographical Analysis,1995,27(2):93-116.
[95]刘旭华,王劲峰.空间权重矩阵的生成方法分析与实验[J].地球信息科学,2002,2(2):38-44.
[96]潘竟虎,冯兆东,董晓峰.甘肃省区域经济差异时空格局的ESDA-GIS[J].兰州大学学报,2008,44(4):45-50.
[97]王劲峰.空间分析[M].北京:科学出版社,2006:440-444.
[98]俞路,张善余.近年来上海人口分布变动的空间特征分析[J].华东师范大学学报,2006,38(5):10-14.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |