历史文化名城阆中古城街区街道空间分析
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摘要
阆中于1986年12月被国务院批准为第二批国家历史文化名城,古城山、水、城相互映衬,形成良好的人居环境。现在,阆中城区还保留着主要的历史街区和传统风貌,保存下来的古街巷达110条之多,而古院落更是数以千计,总面积达1.78平方公里。
东西向和南北向的棋盘式街道骨架,构成了古城的历史街区,从而形成了古城区。因此,本文主要以历史街区和街道、街巷作为研究对象,探寻古城的形成及演变过程；总结其选址布局(风水、人居环境)特点；对街巷空间形态(界面、比例尺度),街巷节点及其节点形态进行分析,进而探索其空间形态及街区形成原因和特色。
古城传统街区的街道空间是人性化空间,与自然的无计划性的空间相对应,它是满足人的意图,符合人的尺度空间。我们按照图底关系把街区空间当作图来处理,确定空间外围边界并向内侧整顿秩序,表现出空间的积聚性。另一个方面,街道空间又有延伸性,因为城市营建是在古代建城思想和风水理论的基础上开展的,每条街道通过中心的中天楼统一起来,但是最终街道的视线消失在其相对的城市外围空间景观中,这也是古城的最大特色。
本文把街道空间要素分为实体要素和行为要素进行分析,重点通过对街道空间的实体要素的分析,发现其空间特色；并对街道空间尺度进行了简单的分析,阆中街巷的尺度小巧,给人带来的是一种私密、亲切之感,这也恰好能说明人们向心内聚、追求安定亲切的交往空间的心理要求。
本文的最后,将阆中与四川其他地区的小城镇进行了一定的比较分析,并提出传统街道空间给现代城市街道设计所带来的启示,强调我们应该努力创造一种真正意义上“人性化”的街道空间。
LangZhong is approved as the second batch of national famous historical and cultural city by the state council,in December,1986.Water, mountain and the ancient city all form a good living environment.Now, the main LangZhong city still retained historical neighborhoods and traditional features,preserved ancient streets as many as 110 and thousands of old courtyard,a total area of 2.1 square kilometers.
The east-west and south-north chessboard type,constitutes the city streets skeleton of the historical block, thus formed the ancient city. Therefore,this paper mainly take historical blocks and streets and lanes as the research object, explored the formation and evolution of ancient city, Summarize the layout (geomancy, residential environment) characteristics,For street space form (interface,proportion and scale), street nodes were analyzed,and then shape node to explore its spatial form and blocks that the formation causes and characteristics.
The traditional block street space has such featuer that humanality and naturly.It's also the corresponding misplannings space, it is to meet people's intentions,the space with people.According to the relationship between our space block diagram,a figure to handle to the outer boundary of space and rectify order, showing the accumulation of space.In another aspect, the street space and urban construction is extensibility, because in the ancient city of thoughts and geomancy theory basis,every street through the center of the transit floor unified, but eventually disappear in the sight of the streets of relative urban periphery in landscape,this is the biggest characteristic of city.
This element of the street space is analized by dividing into physical factors and behavioral factors.Focusing on the physical elements of street space analysis showed that the spatial characteristics;And on the street space scale,a simple analysis of the small scale LangZhong street.It gives a person the private,and the kind of feeling.It just show the psychological demands that people gather in heart, the pursuit of stability of the kind of communication space.
In the article,finally, there is some comparative analysis between LangZhong and other areas in sichuan province, then it concluded the inspiration that the traditional street space brought for the design of modern city streets,and emphasize that we should strive to create a kind of Truly "humanity" street space.
东西向和南北向的棋盘式街道骨架,构成了古城的历史街区,从而形成了古城区。因此,本文主要以历史街区和街道、街巷作为研究对象,探寻古城的形成及演变过程；总结其选址布局(风水、人居环境)特点；对街巷空间形态(界面、比例尺度),街巷节点及其节点形态进行分析,进而探索其空间形态及街区形成原因和特色。
古城传统街区的街道空间是人性化空间,与自然的无计划性的空间相对应,它是满足人的意图,符合人的尺度空间。我们按照图底关系把街区空间当作图来处理,确定空间外围边界并向内侧整顿秩序,表现出空间的积聚性。另一个方面,街道空间又有延伸性,因为城市营建是在古代建城思想和风水理论的基础上开展的,每条街道通过中心的中天楼统一起来,但是最终街道的视线消失在其相对的城市外围空间景观中,这也是古城的最大特色。
本文把街道空间要素分为实体要素和行为要素进行分析,重点通过对街道空间的实体要素的分析,发现其空间特色；并对街道空间尺度进行了简单的分析,阆中街巷的尺度小巧,给人带来的是一种私密、亲切之感,这也恰好能说明人们向心内聚、追求安定亲切的交往空间的心理要求。
本文的最后,将阆中与四川其他地区的小城镇进行了一定的比较分析,并提出传统街道空间给现代城市街道设计所带来的启示,强调我们应该努力创造一种真正意义上“人性化”的街道空间。
LangZhong is approved as the second batch of national famous historical and cultural city by the state council,in December,1986.Water, mountain and the ancient city all form a good living environment.Now, the main LangZhong city still retained historical neighborhoods and traditional features,preserved ancient streets as many as 110 and thousands of old courtyard,a total area of 2.1 square kilometers.
The east-west and south-north chessboard type,constitutes the city streets skeleton of the historical block, thus formed the ancient city. Therefore,this paper mainly take historical blocks and streets and lanes as the research object, explored the formation and evolution of ancient city, Summarize the layout (geomancy, residential environment) characteristics,For street space form (interface,proportion and scale), street nodes were analyzed,and then shape node to explore its spatial form and blocks that the formation causes and characteristics.
The traditional block street space has such featuer that humanality and naturly.It's also the corresponding misplannings space, it is to meet people's intentions,the space with people.According to the relationship between our space block diagram,a figure to handle to the outer boundary of space and rectify order, showing the accumulation of space.In another aspect, the street space and urban construction is extensibility, because in the ancient city of thoughts and geomancy theory basis,every street through the center of the transit floor unified, but eventually disappear in the sight of the streets of relative urban periphery in landscape,this is the biggest characteristic of city.
This element of the street space is analized by dividing into physical factors and behavioral factors.Focusing on the physical elements of street space analysis showed that the spatial characteristics;And on the street space scale,a simple analysis of the small scale LangZhong street.It gives a person the private,and the kind of feeling.It just show the psychological demands that people gather in heart, the pursuit of stability of the kind of communication space.
In the article,finally, there is some comparative analysis between LangZhong and other areas in sichuan province, then it concluded the inspiration that the traditional street space brought for the design of modern city streets,and emphasize that we should strive to create a kind of Truly "humanity" street space.
引文
[1]冉云明,李文明.阆中古城：建筑文化的奇葩.中国建设报,2002-11-2
[2]安定,西部中小历史文化名城可持续保护的现实困境与对策研究.博士论文,2005，45-75
[3]李凌岚.“城市经营”理念下的历史文化名城保护机制研究.硕士论文,2004,23-25
[4]Mum.Lewis.The City in History:Its Origins,its Prospects.New York:Harcourt, Brace & World,1961,37-39
[5]聂真,曹珂.历史街区构成要素的类型学思考,山西建筑,2008,29(34)：51-52
[6]徐雷.重塑失落的场所—由天台县城关镇传统街区保护、更新和开发研究引发的思考.华中建筑,2000,4(18)：95-96
[7]王艳.秩序与意义的重构—对当前历史街区保护的思考.规划师2006,9(22)：73-74
[8]四川省第十届人民代表大会常务委员会.四川省阆中古城保护条例,2004,10
[9]刘佳,卢海林.四川古镇发展之探讨——以阆中古城为例.四川建筑,2007,4(27)：18-19
[10]阆中县志编修委员会.阆中县城乡建设环境保护局.阆中地理志,1987,78
[11]史幼波.阆中.中国风水文化之都.中国西部,2004,3,10-15
[12]百度百科.阆中灿烂的多元文化.baike.baidu.com/view/5034.htm
[13]史为乐.阆中地名含义试解.中国地名,2008,12：5
[14]潘谷西.中国建筑史.北京,中国建筑工业出版社,2007,138
[15]杨文衡.中国古代风水与城市选址和规划.www.aifengshui.com/YAZFS/Sho wArticle.asp?ArticleID=251,2008,5
[16]问红光.中国古代建城思想研究：[硕士学位论文].西安：西北大学,2009,29
[17]刘涛,李秀,邓奕.四川阆中古城空间形态分析.规划师,2005,5(21I)：116-118
[18]戚珩,范为.古城阆中风水格局——浅释风水理论与古城环境意象.王其亨.风水理论研究.天津：天津大学出版社,1998,48-66
[19]李小波,文绍琼.四川阆中风水意象解构及其规划意义.规划师.2005,8(21)：84-85
[20]俞孔坚.理想的景观探源——风水的文化意义.北京：商务印书馆,1998： 42-61
[21]阆中在线文史频道.阆中古城风水文化及其旅游http://www.lz520.net /2008/1112/355.html,2009-07-22
[22]刘沛林.风水：中国人的环境观.上海：三联书店,1995,25-28
[23]Hans Stimman.The City in Black.Time Architecture,2004,77(3):32-47
[24]Kevin Lynch.The Image of the City. MIT Press,1960,12,47
[25]JaneJacobs.Death and Life of American Cities.Vintage,1992-12-01
[26]John MorriS Pixon.FAIA.URBAN SPACES.Visual Reference Publications.Inc, 1999,19-41
[27]Marcus Vitruvius Pollio.De Architectura Libri Decem.Wissenschaftl. Buchgesell,2008,1,44-48
[28]董美宁,刘怡.阆中古城传统建筑的气候适应性分析研究.山西建筑,2009,7(19)：3-4
[29]Keyin Lynch.A Theory of Good City Form.Cambridge.MIT Press,1981, 66-79
[30]周孜孜.传统街道空间更新模式研究：[硕士学位论文].济南：山东建筑大学,2008，12-14
[31]赵志生.西安城市住区街道的规划设计研究：[硕士学位论文].西安：西安建筑科技大学,2009,34-38
[32]Larry S.Internal Structure of The City.Oxford University Press,1982,64-68
[33]滑福鸽.城市街道边界形态研究：[硕士学位论文].武汉：华中科技大学,2003，22-23
[34]赖曦凌.线型情感空间—巷的研究：[硕士学位论文].成都：西南交通大学,2006，18-19
[35]Naoki Mukoda.Street Furniture.Tokyo.Japan:Bijutsu Shuppansha,1990, 137-139
[36]肇新宇,孔令龙.传统街区街道空间解析.山西建筑,2008,6(34)：31
[37]William H Whyte.The Social Life of Small Urban Spaces.Project for Public Spaces,1980,78
[38]李进.湖北谷城老街历史地段研究：[硕士学位论文].武汉：武汉理工大学,2008，39
[39]林建力.解析与探讨四川地域性居住区空间结构与形态：[硕士学位论文].成都：四川大学,2003,2-3
[40]肖瑜.现象学视野中的历史性街道空间形态——以四川盆地历史性街道为例：[硕士学位论文].成都：西南交通大学,2006,43
[2]安定,西部中小历史文化名城可持续保护的现实困境与对策研究.博士论文,2005，45-75
[3]李凌岚.“城市经营”理念下的历史文化名城保护机制研究.硕士论文,2004,23-25
[4]Mum.Lewis.The City in History:Its Origins,its Prospects.New York:Harcourt, Brace & World,1961,37-39
[5]聂真,曹珂.历史街区构成要素的类型学思考,山西建筑,2008,29(34)：51-52
[6]徐雷.重塑失落的场所—由天台县城关镇传统街区保护、更新和开发研究引发的思考.华中建筑,2000,4(18)：95-96
[7]王艳.秩序与意义的重构—对当前历史街区保护的思考.规划师2006,9(22)：73-74
[8]四川省第十届人民代表大会常务委员会.四川省阆中古城保护条例,2004,10
[9]刘佳,卢海林.四川古镇发展之探讨——以阆中古城为例.四川建筑,2007,4(27)：18-19
[10]阆中县志编修委员会.阆中县城乡建设环境保护局.阆中地理志,1987,78
[11]史幼波.阆中.中国风水文化之都.中国西部,2004,3,10-15
[12]百度百科.阆中灿烂的多元文化.baike.baidu.com/view/5034.htm
[13]史为乐.阆中地名含义试解.中国地名,2008,12：5
[14]潘谷西.中国建筑史.北京,中国建筑工业出版社,2007,138
[15]杨文衡.中国古代风水与城市选址和规划.www.aifengshui.com/YAZFS/Sho wArticle.asp?ArticleID=251,2008,5
[16]问红光.中国古代建城思想研究：[硕士学位论文].西安：西北大学,2009,29
[17]刘涛,李秀,邓奕.四川阆中古城空间形态分析.规划师,2005,5(21I)：116-118
[18]戚珩,范为.古城阆中风水格局——浅释风水理论与古城环境意象.王其亨.风水理论研究.天津：天津大学出版社,1998,48-66
[19]李小波,文绍琼.四川阆中风水意象解构及其规划意义.规划师.2005,8(21)：84-85
[20]俞孔坚.理想的景观探源——风水的文化意义.北京：商务印书馆,1998： 42-61
[21]阆中在线文史频道.阆中古城风水文化及其旅游http://www.lz520.net /2008/1112/355.html,2009-07-22
[22]刘沛林.风水：中国人的环境观.上海：三联书店,1995,25-28
[23]Hans Stimman.The City in Black.Time Architecture,2004,77(3):32-47
[24]Kevin Lynch.The Image of the City. MIT Press,1960,12,47
[25]JaneJacobs.Death and Life of American Cities.Vintage,1992-12-01
[26]John MorriS Pixon.FAIA.URBAN SPACES.Visual Reference Publications.Inc, 1999,19-41
[27]Marcus Vitruvius Pollio.De Architectura Libri Decem.Wissenschaftl. Buchgesell,2008,1,44-48
[28]董美宁,刘怡.阆中古城传统建筑的气候适应性分析研究.山西建筑,2009,7(19)：3-4
[29]Keyin Lynch.A Theory of Good City Form.Cambridge.MIT Press,1981, 66-79
[30]周孜孜.传统街道空间更新模式研究：[硕士学位论文].济南：山东建筑大学,2008，12-14
[31]赵志生.西安城市住区街道的规划设计研究：[硕士学位论文].西安：西安建筑科技大学,2009,34-38
[32]Larry S.Internal Structure of The City.Oxford University Press,1982,64-68
[33]滑福鸽.城市街道边界形态研究：[硕士学位论文].武汉：华中科技大学,2003，22-23
[34]赖曦凌.线型情感空间—巷的研究：[硕士学位论文].成都：西南交通大学,2006，18-19
[35]Naoki Mukoda.Street Furniture.Tokyo.Japan:Bijutsu Shuppansha,1990, 137-139
[36]肇新宇,孔令龙.传统街区街道空间解析.山西建筑,2008,6(34)：31
[37]William H Whyte.The Social Life of Small Urban Spaces.Project for Public Spaces,1980,78
[38]李进.湖北谷城老街历史地段研究：[硕士学位论文].武汉：武汉理工大学,2008，39
[39]林建力.解析与探讨四川地域性居住区空间结构与形态：[硕士学位论文].成都：四川大学,2003,2-3
[40]肖瑜.现象学视野中的历史性街道空间形态——以四川盆地历史性街道为例：[硕士学位论文].成都：西南交通大学,2006,43
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