不同品种和不同茬口大豆根面及根际的微生物群落结构分析
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摘要
在控制条件下,采用平板稀释法、直接计数法和16S rDNA-DGGE相结合的方法,检测了不同抗病品种大豆根面及根际微生物群落结构的差异,包括抗大豆根腐病(SRR)的绥农10(S10)、抗胞囊线虫病(SCN)的抗线2号(K2)以及易感SRR利SCN的合丰25(H25)。结果表明,三个品种大豆从三叶期到鼓粒初期,根面和根际的可培养细菌总数均随生育期逐渐增加,鼓粒初期达最大值,而成熟期则有明显的下降;大豆根际细菌生物量也存在相同的变化规律,这种变化趋势与前人报道的根分泌物随生育期的变化规律相似;S10和K2大豆的根瘤重明显高于H25;到成熟期H25根际积累的病原生物(镰孢霉Fusarium sp.和大豆胞囊线虫Heterodera glycines的胞囊数)也明显高于S10和K2。通过16S rDNA-DGGE分析表明,不同品种或是不同生育期大豆根面细菌种群均存在差异,而且不可培养细菌在根面占有绝对的优势。上述结果表明大豆根系分泌物对微生物具有选择性的促进或抑制作用,可能由于不同品种和不同生育期大豆根系分泌物的组成和数量不同,从而使大豆根面及根际形成了特定的微生物群落结构。
采用除去了残茬的连作土壤为供试土壤,检测了抗感SRR的两个品种(S10和H25)大豆根分泌物对根面和根际微生物区系的影响。结果表明H25根瘤重明显低于S10;两个品种大豆连作后均造成根面、根际真菌种类单一化,根面细菌数量减少和病原菌(镰孢霉)数量积累,表明根系分泌物对根面和根际微生物有更进一步的选择作用。
在田间长期定位试验(微区和小区)条件下,采用平板稀释法和16S rDNA-DGGE检测了不同茬口(正茬、迎茬和不同连作年限的连作大豆)大豆之间根面及根际微生物群落结构的差异。结果表明,正茬大豆生长状况、干物质积累和外观品质均好于迎茬和连作大豆。但大豆生长状况并非随着连作年限的增加而变差,短期连作(连作4～5年以内)随着连作年限增加,大豆的生长越来越差,而连作6年以上大豆的生长状况又有所改善。土壤中SCN的胞囊量随着连作年限增加也有一个“自然衰退”的现象。在微区试验中,连作和迎茬大豆苗期根面和根际镰孢霉数量均多于正茬大豆,正茬大豆根瘤重均高于连作。在小区试验中,正茬大豆花期根面细菌的多样性(H)高于迎茬,迎茬高于连作,短期连作使根面细菌的H降低,连作6年达到最低,而后又稍有增加。总之,大豆生长状况和干物质积累状况的变化规律与根面、根际镰孢霉和土壤中SCN的胞囊数量的增加、根瘤重以及根面细菌H的减少规律具有一定的相关性,可以推断根面、根际镰孢霉和土壤中胞囊数量的增加、根瘤重和细菌多样性(H)的减少均可能为导致连作障碍的主要因素。
Microbial communities in the rhizoplane, rhizosphere and bulk soil were investigated with three soybean cultivars, including a resistant cultivar ( Kangxian 2, K2) to the soybean cyst nematode (SCN) ,a resistant cultivar (Suinong 10, S10) to the soybean root rot (SRR) . and a susceptible cultivar (Hefeng 25, H25) to both SCN and SRR under the controlled conditions by plate counting, direct counting, and a molecule-based method, 16S rDNA-PCR followed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis ( DGGE) .The total amount of colony forming units ( CFU ) of bacteria in the rhizoplane and rhizosphere increased gradually with time from trifoliate stage to early filling stage, but decreased dramatically at mature stage after its reaching a peak at the early filling stage. Same trends were observed in the variation of bacterial biomass in the rhizosphere of soybean with time by the acridine orange direct counting method (AODC) .These trends above were similar to the changing pattern of root exudates within the growth stages reported previously. The weight of root nodules of S10 and K2 was significantly higher than that of H25. Compared with the resistant cultivars (S10 and K2) , higher amount of pathogenic microbe ( Fusarium sp. and cyst of Heterodera glycines ) in the rhizoplane and rhizosphere of H25 was found at the mature stage. The DGGE patterns showed that the rhizoplane bacteria community among different soybean cultivars and different growth stages varied greatly. Moreover, the variation among different cultivars was bigger than that among growth stages. These results indicated that the component and amount of root exudates varied among different soybean cultivars, and even different growth stages of the same cultivar; exudates from soybean roots had some selective inhibitory or stimulative effects on microorganisms in the rhizoplane and rhizosphere. This leads to the formation of special microflora in the rhizoplane and rhizosphere.The effects of root exudates from two cultivars (S10, SRR resistant cultivar, and H25, SRR susceptible cultivar) on the variation of microflora in the rhizoplane, rhizosphere and bulk soil were studied by using the soil after planted soybean last year eliminated the residual roots and leaves. The results showed the weight of root nodule of H25 was lower than that of S10 significantly. The bacteria populations in the rhizoplane and rhizosphere of both the resistant cultivar and susceptible cultivar were decreased gradually, but the amount of fungi and fusarium was accumulated with time during the growth stage. Compared with bulk soil, the species of fungi in the rhizoplane and rhizosphere of the two cultivars became more single. These results indicated soybean root exudates had further selective inhibitory or stimulative effects on the microorganisms in the rhizoplane and rhizosphere under continuous monocropping soybean condition.Microbial communities in the rhizoplane, rhizosphere and bulk soil under different rotation andcontinuous monocropping systems in two long-term field plots (plot 1 and plot 2) were also tested byplate counting and 16S rDNA-DGGE methods. The treatments consisted of normal rotation soybean(NRS) , alternation of soybean with other crops (ATS) , continuous monocropping soybean (CS)for 2~9 years. Our data showed that the plant growth and seed commodity quality of NRS were better
than those of ATS and CS in the two field plots. Plant growth became worse with the years of continuous monocropping within five years. However, it became better after six years of CS. The sup-oppressiveness of cysts of SCN was found after five years of continuous monoculture of soybean. In plot 1, the numbers of Fusarium in the rhizoplane or rhizosphere of both CS and ATS were higher than that of NRS at the seedling stage. However, the weight of root nodules of NRS was significantly higher than that of CS. At the flowering stage in plot 2, the rhizoplane bacteria diversity of NRS was the richest, and CS the lowest, with that of ATS between them. Moreover, the diversity declined after short-ter
采用除去了残茬的连作土壤为供试土壤,检测了抗感SRR的两个品种(S10和H25)大豆根分泌物对根面和根际微生物区系的影响。结果表明H25根瘤重明显低于S10;两个品种大豆连作后均造成根面、根际真菌种类单一化,根面细菌数量减少和病原菌(镰孢霉)数量积累,表明根系分泌物对根面和根际微生物有更进一步的选择作用。
在田间长期定位试验(微区和小区)条件下,采用平板稀释法和16S rDNA-DGGE检测了不同茬口(正茬、迎茬和不同连作年限的连作大豆)大豆之间根面及根际微生物群落结构的差异。结果表明,正茬大豆生长状况、干物质积累和外观品质均好于迎茬和连作大豆。但大豆生长状况并非随着连作年限的增加而变差,短期连作(连作4～5年以内)随着连作年限增加,大豆的生长越来越差,而连作6年以上大豆的生长状况又有所改善。土壤中SCN的胞囊量随着连作年限增加也有一个“自然衰退”的现象。在微区试验中,连作和迎茬大豆苗期根面和根际镰孢霉数量均多于正茬大豆,正茬大豆根瘤重均高于连作。在小区试验中,正茬大豆花期根面细菌的多样性(H)高于迎茬,迎茬高于连作,短期连作使根面细菌的H降低,连作6年达到最低,而后又稍有增加。总之,大豆生长状况和干物质积累状况的变化规律与根面、根际镰孢霉和土壤中SCN的胞囊数量的增加、根瘤重以及根面细菌H的减少规律具有一定的相关性,可以推断根面、根际镰孢霉和土壤中胞囊数量的增加、根瘤重和细菌多样性(H)的减少均可能为导致连作障碍的主要因素。
Microbial communities in the rhizoplane, rhizosphere and bulk soil were investigated with three soybean cultivars, including a resistant cultivar ( Kangxian 2, K2) to the soybean cyst nematode (SCN) ,a resistant cultivar (Suinong 10, S10) to the soybean root rot (SRR) . and a susceptible cultivar (Hefeng 25, H25) to both SCN and SRR under the controlled conditions by plate counting, direct counting, and a molecule-based method, 16S rDNA-PCR followed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis ( DGGE) .The total amount of colony forming units ( CFU ) of bacteria in the rhizoplane and rhizosphere increased gradually with time from trifoliate stage to early filling stage, but decreased dramatically at mature stage after its reaching a peak at the early filling stage. Same trends were observed in the variation of bacterial biomass in the rhizosphere of soybean with time by the acridine orange direct counting method (AODC) .These trends above were similar to the changing pattern of root exudates within the growth stages reported previously. The weight of root nodules of S10 and K2 was significantly higher than that of H25. Compared with the resistant cultivars (S10 and K2) , higher amount of pathogenic microbe ( Fusarium sp. and cyst of Heterodera glycines ) in the rhizoplane and rhizosphere of H25 was found at the mature stage. The DGGE patterns showed that the rhizoplane bacteria community among different soybean cultivars and different growth stages varied greatly. Moreover, the variation among different cultivars was bigger than that among growth stages. These results indicated that the component and amount of root exudates varied among different soybean cultivars, and even different growth stages of the same cultivar; exudates from soybean roots had some selective inhibitory or stimulative effects on microorganisms in the rhizoplane and rhizosphere. This leads to the formation of special microflora in the rhizoplane and rhizosphere.The effects of root exudates from two cultivars (S10, SRR resistant cultivar, and H25, SRR susceptible cultivar) on the variation of microflora in the rhizoplane, rhizosphere and bulk soil were studied by using the soil after planted soybean last year eliminated the residual roots and leaves. The results showed the weight of root nodule of H25 was lower than that of S10 significantly. The bacteria populations in the rhizoplane and rhizosphere of both the resistant cultivar and susceptible cultivar were decreased gradually, but the amount of fungi and fusarium was accumulated with time during the growth stage. Compared with bulk soil, the species of fungi in the rhizoplane and rhizosphere of the two cultivars became more single. These results indicated soybean root exudates had further selective inhibitory or stimulative effects on the microorganisms in the rhizoplane and rhizosphere under continuous monocropping soybean condition.Microbial communities in the rhizoplane, rhizosphere and bulk soil under different rotation andcontinuous monocropping systems in two long-term field plots (plot 1 and plot 2) were also tested byplate counting and 16S rDNA-DGGE methods. The treatments consisted of normal rotation soybean(NRS) , alternation of soybean with other crops (ATS) , continuous monocropping soybean (CS)for 2~9 years. Our data showed that the plant growth and seed commodity quality of NRS were better
than those of ATS and CS in the two field plots. Plant growth became worse with the years of continuous monocropping within five years. However, it became better after six years of CS. The sup-oppressiveness of cysts of SCN was found after five years of continuous monoculture of soybean. In plot 1, the numbers of Fusarium in the rhizoplane or rhizosphere of both CS and ATS were higher than that of NRS at the seedling stage. However, the weight of root nodules of NRS was significantly higher than that of CS. At the flowering stage in plot 2, the rhizoplane bacteria diversity of NRS was the richest, and CS the lowest, with that of ATS between them. Moreover, the diversity declined after short-ter
引文
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