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中美关系中的美台军售问题
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摘要
中美建交后,美国对台湾的军火销售问题成了中美关系中最敏感问题之一。因为这是美国将台湾当作独立政治实体的标志,严重侵犯了中国的主权独立和领土完整,阻碍了中国的和平统一与和平崛起。美国的这一政策理所当然遭到中国的谴责和反对。因此,中美双方在美台军售问题上曾多次发生严重的冲突,几欲致中美关系的严重恶化和倒退。幸运的是中美都是大国,在许多问题上存在共同利益和合作,因此双方在这一问题上都有所克制,经过反复交涉后均以妥协告终,中美关系能够继续在冲突中发展。
     30多年来,中美双方在这一问题上存在着默契,美国基本上向台湾提供“防御性”武器,而严格控制“进攻性”武器;美国在作出重大的军售决策前后都会向中国政府通报,以免过分刺激中国;尽管美国一再声称不会与中国磋商售台武器事宜,但是美国实际上不得不考虑中国对该问题的严重关切。美国政府的每一笔军售不论大小多少,都是干涉中国内政、侵犯中国主权和有损中国民族尊严的行为,因而是中国政府难以容忍的,但是中国政府目前更关注美国售台武器是否对中国国安全构成严重威胁这个现实的问题,这是中国在美台军售问题上采取的一种不得已的现实主义政策。
     美国的这一军售政策符合和服务了美国的国家利益。因为30多年来这一政策维持了两岸分裂局面,同时又保证了中美关系不致破裂。因此,美国从来没有积极考虑解决这一问题,美国今后也不可能主动根据中国单方面的要求来解决这个问题。由于美台军售严重损害了中国的核心国家利益,随着时间的推移,中国显然越来越迫切地希望解决这个问题。从根本上讲,中国的发展程度和速度决定这个问题解决的进度和程度。
     在今后一段时间内,中美在美台军售问题上的斗争仍将继续。随着中国军事现代化进程的加速,美国将会继续提升美台军事关系,提高售台武器和军事技术的水平,继续抵消中国统一台湾的努力。不过由于双方在美台军售问题上的“危机管理”机制,中美关系仍有希望避免因之而发生严重危机。
     美台军售问题和每一次危机的出现都是美国方面引起的,因此,本文以卡特以来的五届美国政府为分期,选择每一个阶段中的一个典型的军售事件来研究分析中美在美台军售问题上的斗争经过。文章将每一次斗争都置于当时的中美关系的背景下来考察,详细研究问题的发生到暂时解决的过程。文章认为,中美在美台军售问题上的斗争始终在能够维系中美关系的框架内进行,这也是中美在美台军售问题上有斗争但是始终没有撕破脸和擦枪走火的原因;相信随着中国综合国力的进一步增强,这个问题最终将在维系中美关系平稳发展的框架下解决。
After having established the foreign diplomatic relationship between China and the United States, the issue of America arms sales to Taiwan has been one of the most sensitive problems of Sino- American relations. On our position we regard the arms sales to Taiwan as American’s recognition Taiwan as an independent political entity, which seriously affront to China’s sovereignty and territorial integrity. And also it hinders China’s unity and the Peaceful Rise. China has been always condemning and objecting to the policy of arms sales to Taiwan. It’s occurred several serious conflicts between China and USA, and sometimes nearly led to serious backward and worsen of the foreign relationship between China and United States. Luckily, as two great powers, China and USA have common interests and need cooperation on many important aspects. Thus, they have restrained themselves on the issues and compromising by negotiations to keep a smooth development of Sino-American relations without great damage to the relationship.
     More than 30 years, both sides have been obeyed a tacit agreement on this issue. USA provides Taiwan with“defensive”weapons but not“offensive”weapons. Principally, the USA has notified Chinese government the information on the large arms sales to Taiwan during the process of arms selling decision to avoid stimulating China’s over-reaction. Despite of USA claims not to consult with China on the matter of arms selling to Taiwan again and again, but the USA has to in fact consider Chinese grave concern on the issue. All the USA government’s arms sales to Taiwan is hard for Chinese government to put up with disregarding big or small, because of its intervention Chinese internal affair, infringing upon China's sovereignty and being harmful to Chinese national dignity. But the Chinese government has shown more concern on the possible threaten of the sales, especially if it seriously endangering the safety of China,it is the realism policy that China has adopted on U.S. arms sales to Taiwan.
     The existing American arms sale policy has conformed to and served for American national interests, which has maintained the separation of the cross-strait and kept Sino-American relations from being broken at the same time. Thus the USA has not consider resolving this issue all along, and it is impossible for the USA to actively resolve this issue unilaterally beneficial to Chinese only. The policy of US arms sale to Taiwan having damaged the China’s core national interests gravely, it’s obviously that the Chinese government has felt more and more urgent to resolve the issue with time fading. However, the progress and degree of resolving of the issue was dependent on the development of China.
     The struggle between China and the USA on American arms sales to Taiwan would be continuing in the days to come. With the modernization of Chinese military, the USA will continue to hoist American-Taiwan military relation, and promote the level of the weapons and the military technology to counterbalance China’s efforts on unifying Taiwan. Because of the existence of the“crisis manages”mechanism between China and the USA on the issue, it is possible to avoid the grave crisis between Sino-American relations.
     The USA is the cause of every crisis on the issue, so the article take the time of five USA government since Carter as five periods, choosing a piece of representative event from every administration to study and analysis the struggle between China and the USA on American arms sales to Taiwan. All the struggles being examined are under the frame of the Sino-American relations, and every example was studied in detail from rise to solve temporarily. The article concluded that the struggle between China and the USA on American arms sales to Taiwan has still under the Sino-American relations frame all the time, which is also the key factor of the smooth going of the friendship. It is believed that with Chinese comprehensive national strength promoted, this issue will be resolved without breaking the frame of Sino-American relations.
引文
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    114后来,据伍德科克回忆,整个五月份,中国政府对他的试探保持沉默,他觉得这意味着军售问题将不会成为中美关系正常化的障碍。不过,在美国确信这种想法不是一种误解之前,中国将必须正式阐述这个问题上的立场。Robert S.Ross, Negotiating Cooperation:the United States and China,1969-1989, Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, p.114.
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    121 [美]兹比格纽·布热津斯基著:《实力与原则》,世界知识出版社,1985年,第252页。
    122 [美]容安澜著:《悬崖勒马——美国对台政策与中美关系》,新华出版社,2007年,第61页。
    123 [美]兹比格纽·布热津斯基著:《实力与原则》,世界知识出版社,1985年,第258页。
    124陈敦德著:《中美建交纪实》,解放军文艺出版社, 2007年,第266-267页。
    
    125钱江著:《邓小平与中美建交风云》,中共党史出版社,2005年,第119页。
    126 [美]兹比格纽·布热津斯基著:《实力与原则》,世界知识出版社,1985年,第260页。
    128 [美]容安澜著:《悬崖勒马——美国对台政策与中美关系》,新华出版社,2007年,第61页。
    129 [美]容安澜著:《悬崖勒马——美国对台政策与中美关系》,新华出版社,2007年,第63页。
    130.[美]容安澜著:《悬崖勒马——美国对台政策与中美关系》,新华出版社,2007年,第63页。
    131 [美]容安澜著:《悬崖勒马——美国对台政策与中美关系》,新华出版社,2007年,第64页。
    132 [美]容安澜著:《悬崖勒马——美国对台政策与中美关系》,新华出版社,2007年,第63-64页。
    133 [美]兹比格纽·布热津斯基著:《实力与原则》,世界知识出版社,1985年,第263页。
    134钱江著:《邓小平与中美建交风云》,中共党史出版社,2005年,第128页。
    135 Robert S.Ross, Negotiating Cooperation: the United States and China,1969-1989, Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press,1995, p.134.
    136 Robert S.Ross, Negotiating Cooperation: the United States and China,1969-1989, Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1995, p.135.
    137 Patrick Tyler, A Great Wall: Six Presidents and China: An Investigative History, Public Affairs, 1999, p.258.
    138 U.S Department of State, edited,“Arms Sales to Taiwan,”Department of State Bulletin, December, 1978, p.29.
    139 [美]吉米·卡特著:《忠于信仰:一位美国总统的回忆录》,新华出版社,1985年,第183页。
    140陈敦德著:《中美建交纪实》,解放军文艺出版社,2007年,第275页。
    141 Michel Oksenberg,“A Decade of Sino-American Relations”, Foreign Affairs, 61, No.1 (Fall 1982), p.184.
    142“Top Secect Telegram from Cyrus Vance to Woodcock, November 14, 1978, Brzczinski Collection‘China PRC’Box, 9,”JCLM.转引自杨贤著:《特殊机构:美国驻华联络处始末》,新华出版社,2008年,第241页。
    143 [美]容安澜著:《悬崖勒马——美国对台政策与中美关系》,新华出版社,2007年,第65页。
    144 Patrick Tyler, A Great Wall: Six Presidents and China: An Investigative History, Public Affairs,1999, pp.262-263. 1
    45 Patrick Tyler, A Great Wall: Six Presidents and China: An Investigative History, Public Affairs,1999. p.266. 1461979年2月,美国国防部长布朗在听证会上解释美国同意停售一年的决定的原因。因为(1)美国政府不想造成这样一种印象:美国向台湾提供武器是出于以抵消和北京的正常关系的目的;(2)美国已经批准了包括正在运交的1979年售台武器项目要到1983年才结束,因此,1979年内无需向台湾出售武器;(3)美国政府正在等待建立将来对台湾出售武器的新的法律基础,同时建立与美国同台湾保持的非官方关系相适应的武器销售程序。Taiwan: Hearings before the Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate, February5-22, 1979, pp.35-38.
    147 Sensitive Eyes only Telegram from USLO Peking to Cyrus Vance, December 14, 1978, The White HouseSubject File of China. JCLM.转引自杨贤著:《特殊机构:美国驻华联络处始末》,重庆出版社,,2007年,第247页。
    148 Patrick Tyler, A Great Wall: Six Presidents and China: An investigative History, Public Affairs,1999, p.268.
    149 [美]兹比格纽·布热津斯基著:《实力与原则》,世界知识出版社,1985年,第266页。
    
    150 Patrick Tyler, A Great Wall: Six Presidents and China: An Investigative History, Public Affairs,1999, p.269.
    151 Patrick Tyler, A Great Wall: Six Presidents and China: An Investigative History, Public Affairs,1999, p.269.
    152 [美]兹比格纽·布热津斯基著:《实力与原则》,世界知识出版社,1985年,第266页。
    
    153 Patrick Tyler, A Great Wall: Six Presidents and China: An Investigative History, Public Affairs, 1999, p.270.
    154《华主席就中美建交举行记者招待会》,《人民日报》,1978年12月17日。
    155 [美]容安澜著:《悬崖勒马——美国对台政策与中美关系》,新华出版社,2007年,第68页。
    156“Replies by the Secretary of State to Questions Askend at a Television Interview,”December 17, 1978. Department of State Bulletin, February 1979, p.11.
    157“Replies by the President to Questions Asked at a Television Interview,”December 19, 1978. The Public Papers of the Presidents: Jimmy Carter, 1978, p.2275.
    158 [美]吉米·卡特著:《忠于信仰:一位美国总统的回忆录》,新华出版社,1985年,第194页。
    159 Taiwan Hearing Before the Committee on Foreign Relations,U.S. Senate, February 5-22,1979.
    160钱江著:《邓小平与中美建交风云》,中共党史出版社,2005年,第185页。
    161刘连第编著:《中美关系重要文献资料选编》,时事出版社,1996年,第220页。
    62 Michel Oksenberg,“A Decade of Sino-American Relations,”Foreign Affairs, 61, No.1 (Fall 1982).
    163众议院听证会国驻美大使章文晋答记者问,《参考资料》,1983年5月12日。1
    64中央文献研究室、中央电视台编著:《邓小平》,中央文献出版社,1997年,第220-221页。
    165 Congressional Record, P.H.1286. March 13, 1979.
    166“The Price Is High,”Congressional Record, P.E.837. March 5, 1979.
    167 Barneet A. Doak, The FX Decision: Another Crucial Moment in U.S.-China-Taiwan Relations, Washington, D.C: Brookings Institution, 1981.p.6.
    168 [美]容安澜著:《悬崖勒马——美国对台政策与中美关系》,新华出版社,2007年,第67页。
    169陶文钊:《邓小平与中美关系:1977—1991》,《社会科学研究》,2005年第5期。
    170钱江著:《邓小平与中美建交风云》,中共党史出版社,2005年版,第251页。
    171宫力:《通向建交之路的艰难跋涉:1972—1978年的中国对美政策》,《党的文献》,2002年第2期。
    172 Barnett A. Doak, U.S. Arms Sales: The China—Taiwan Tangle,The Brookings Institution,1982,p.vii.
    173“Sale of Dual-Use Technology and Support Equipment to China,”“We Will Development Our Relations with China on Their Own Merits,”American Foreign Policy: Current Documents, 1977-1980, GPO, 1983. p.1002.
    174中美关系报告小组主编:《中美关系报告:1979—1980》,台北美国文化研究所,1980年,第4页。
    181中美关系报告编辑小组主编:《中美关系报告:1979—1980》,中央研究院美国文化研究所,1980年,第36页。
    182 Unknown,“The‘China Card’: Ace or Deuce? Asian Studies Center Working Group,”http://www.heritage.org/Research/AsiaandthePacific/bg243.cfm
    183 James Mann, About Face: A History of America's Curious Rrelationship with China from Nixon to Clinton, New York: Distributed by Random House, 1999, p.115.
    184 Don Oberdorfer,“Two Top Reagan Advisers Are on Taiwan’s Payroll,”Washington Post, June 6, 1980.
    185 Harry Harding, A Fragile Relationship: The United States and China Since 1972, Brookings Institution, 1992, p.109.
    186 American Foreign Policy: Current Documents,1977-1980, GPO, 1983. p.1012.
    187刘连第:《中美关系的轨迹(1993年-2000年大事纵览)》,时事出版社, 2001年,第25页。
    188《邓小平副主席答美国记者提问》,《人民日报》,1980年11月24日。
    189邓小平著:《邓小平文选》,第2卷,1994年,第375-378页。
    190宫力著:《峰谷间的震荡:1979年以来的中美关系》,中国青年出版社, 1996年,第83页。
    191“The Soviet Union Shows Clear Signs of Historic Decline,”U.S. News and World Report, May 18, 1981.
    
    192 [美]容安澜著:《悬崖勒马——美国对台政策与中美关系》,新华出版社,2007年,第85页。
    193唐正瑞著:《中美棋局中的台湾问题》,上海人民出版社,2000年,第226页。
    194“Review of Relations with Taiwan,”American Foreign Policy: Current Documents,1977-1980, GPO,1983, p.1011.
    195 U.S. Senate, Committee on Foreign Relations, Implementation of the Taiwan Relations Act: The First Year, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1980, pp.8-13.
    196肖元恺著:《百年之结——美国与中国台湾地区关系的历史透视》,人民出版社,2001年,第213页。
    197 Congressional Record, July 23, 1980, p.S9576.
    198 Robert L. Downen, The Tattered China Card: Reality or Illusion in United States Strategy? Washington, D.C. : Council for Social and Economic Studies, 1984, p.77.
    199 Henry Scott Stokes,“Taiwan’s Premier Hopes Reagan will Send New Arms,”New York Times, January 25, 1981.
    200施华:《远东战略形势的新变化》,香港《七十年代》月刊,1982年1月号。
    205《里根柴泽民亲切会谈,双方均强调发展关系》,http://www.takungpao.com/history/history_news.asp?news_id=154064
    206唐正瑞著:《中美棋局中的台湾问题》,上海人民出版社, 2000年,第231页。
    207全国台湾研究会编:《台湾问题重要文献资料》,北京出版社,1993年,第955-956页。
    208“China Critizes Meese on Taiwan,”New York Times, May 15, 1981.
    209 Patrick Tyler, A Great Wall: Six Presidents and China: An Investigative History, Public Affairs,1999. p.308.
    210肖元恺著:《百年之结——美国与中国台湾地区关系的历史透视》,人民出版社,2001年,第221页。
    211这是美国前总统福特在3月提出的建议,里根还专门作了训令。[美]费正清等主编:《剑桥中华人民共和国史(1966—1982)》,1992年,第447页。
    212《美国再向台湾出售武器,我国势必作出强烈反应》,《人民日报》,1981年6月11日。
    213 Michael Weisskopf,“Chinese Indicate Softening on Question of Weapons Sale to Taiwan,”Washington Post, June 10, 1981.
    214 Patrick Tyler, A Great Wall: Six Presidents and China: An Investigative History, Public Affairs,1999,p.298.
    215黄华著:《亲历与见闻——黄华回忆录》,世界知识出版社,2007年,第259页。
    216 [美]容安澜著:《悬崖勒马——美国对台政策与中美关系》,新华出版社,2007年,第93页。
    217James Mann, About Face: A History of America's Curious Relationship with China from Nixon to Clinton, New York: Distributed by Random House, 1999, p.121.为了验证里根政府愿意走多远,中国官员迅速开列了有兴趣购买的美国武器,包括霍克导弹、马克反潜鱼雷和装甲运兵车。
    218 Patrick Tyler, A Great Wall: Six Presidents and China: An Investigative History, Public Affairs,1999, p.299.
    219 [美]亚历山大·黑格著:《黑格回忆录》,时事出版社,1985年,第98页。
    220 Michael Weisskopf,“Haig Visit Expected to Affect China’s Domestic Political Cource,”Washington Post, June 15,1981.
    221“Secretary Haig Visits China: Attends ASEAN and ANZUS Meetings,”Department of State Bulletin, August 1981, pp.35-38.
    222“U.S. Relations with China,”American Foreign Policy: Current Documents, 1981, GPO, 1984, p.956.
    223“Taiwan Assails U.S. Arms Policy,”New York Times, June 18, 1981.
    224“Secretary Haig Interviewed on‘Face the Nation’,”Department of State Bulletin, August 1981, p52.
    225 Patrick Tyler, A Great Wall: Six Presidents and China: An Investigative History, Public Affairs,1999. p.307.
    226 Stephen P. Gibert and William M. Carpenter edited, America and Island China: A Documentary History, Lanham: University Press of America, 1989. p48.
    227“Proposed Sale of Aircraft to Taiwan,”American Foreign Policy: Current Documents,1981, GPO, 1984, p.966.
    228“Jets to Taiwan: From Haig’s Viewpoint, No Urgency,”New York Times, September 4,1981.
    229 John H. Holdridge, Statement before the House Foreign Affairs Committee on July 16, 1981.Department of State Bulletin, October 1981,Vol.81, No.2055, pp.38-40.
    230 [美]亚历山大·黑格著:《黑格回忆录》,时事出版社,1985年,第99页。
    231查良镛:《中共中央副主席邓小平的谈话记录》,《明报》,1981年9月号。
    232前总统卡特的安全事务助理布热津斯基(7月),前总统卡特(8月),前国务卿助理霍尔布鲁克(8月、11月),前能源部长施莱辛格(8月),前国防部长布朗(10月),前副总统蒙代尔(11月)。
    233 James P. Sterba,“Carter, Ending China Trip, Stress Taiwan Issue,”New York Times, September 4, 1981.
    234但是,台湾当局逐条驳斥了叶九条。Martin Lasater, The Taiwan Issue in Sino-American Strategic Relations, Boulder: Westview, 1984, pp.137-139.
    235 Patrick Tyler, A Great Wall: Six Presidents and China: An Investigative History, Public Affairs,1999, p.312.
    236黄华:《亲历与见闻——黄华回忆录》,世界知识出版社,2007年,第261页。
    237 Alexander Haig, Caveat Realism, Reagan, and Foreign Policy, Mcmillan Publishing Company 1984, p210.
    238黄华:《亲历与见闻——黄华回忆录》,世界知识出版社,2007年版,第261页。
    239黄华:《亲历与见闻——黄华回忆录》,世界知识出版社,2007年版,第261-262页。
    240沈剑虹:《使美八年纪要——沈剑虹回忆录》,世界知识出版社,1983年版,第221页。
    241 [美]约翰·H·霍尔德里奇著,杨立义、林均红译:《1945年以来美中外交关系正常化》,上海译文出版社,1997年,第263页。
    242艾伦曾安排日本一家杂志的记者采访里根的夫人南茜,他接受了该记者的1000美元的现金但是没有汇报,丑闻暴料后,艾伦不得不在11月19日请假离职,1982年初正式离开白宫。
    243韩念龙主编:《当代中国外交》,中国社会科学出版社,1990年,第236-237页。
    244 Martin Lasater, The Taiwan Issue in Sino-American Strategic Relations, Boulder: Westview, 1984, p.185.
    245《中国反对美国向台湾出售任何武器》,《人民日报》1981年12月19日。
    246 Martin Lasater, The Taiwan Issue in Sino-American Strategic Relations, Boulder: Westview, 1984, p.185.
    247“Sale of Spare Parts to Taiwan,”American Foreign Policy: Current Documents, 1981, p.967.
    248黄华著:《亲历与见闻——黄华回忆录》,世界知识出版社,2007年版,第262页。
    249刘连第编著:《中美关系重要文献资料选编》,时事出版社,1996年版,第219-220页。
    250 Richard Halloran,“U.S won’t Let Pecking Deter Jet Sale,”New York Times, January 10,1982.
    251 Richard Holbrooke,“A Crisis with China Must be Avoided,”New York Times, January 10,1982.
    252 [美]约翰·H·霍尔德里奇著:《1945年以来美中外交关系正常化》,上海译文出版社,1997年,第269页。
    253 [美]约翰·H·霍尔德里奇著:《1945年以来美中外交关系正常化》,上海译文出版社,1997年,第271页。
    254“No Sale of Advanced Aircraft to Taiwan,”Department of State Bulletin, February 1982, p.39.
    255 [美]容安澜著:《悬崖勒马——美国对台政策与中美关系》,新华出版社,2007年,第97页。
    256 [美]容安澜著:《悬崖勒马——美国对台政策与中美关系》,新华出版社,2007年,第97页。
    257 [美]容安澜著:《悬崖勒马——美国对台政策与中美关系》,新华出版社,2007年,第98页。
    258 [美]容安澜著:《悬崖勒马——美国对台政策与中美关系》,新华出版社,2007年,第98页。
    259唐正瑞著:《中美棋局中的台湾问题》,上海人民出版社,2000年,第246页。
    260《邓小平年谱—1982年2月》,http:// www.china.com.cn/chinese/zhuanti/xp100n/6
    261“10th Anniversary of Shanghai Communique,”U.S. Department of State Bulletin, April 1982, p.60.
    262 Christopher S. Wren,“China Reported Unyielding on Taiwan Arms Issue,”New York Times, March 27, 1982
    272韩念龙主编:《当代中国外交》,中国社会科学出版社, 1990年版,第237—238页。
    273中共中央文献研究室编:《邓小平思想年谱》,中共文献出版社,1998年,第220-221页。
    276 [美]亚历山大·黑格著:《黑格回忆录》,时事出版社,1985年,第105页。
    277 [美]亚历山大·黑格著:《黑格回忆录》,时事出版社,1985年,第105—106页。
    278 James Mann, About Face: A History of America's cCurious Rrelationship with China from Nixon to Clinton, New York: Distributed by Random House, 1999, p.126.
    279中美关系报告小组主编:《中美关系报告(1981—1983)》,台北中央研究院美国文化研究所,1984年,第100-101页。
    280 [美]约翰·H·霍尔德里奇著,杨立义、林均红译:《1945年以来美中外交关系正常化》,上海译文出版社,1997年,第286页。
    281 Hedrick Smith,“U.S. is Said to Adopt a Taiwan Arms Compromise,”New York Times, July 31, 1982.
    282阮虹著:《一个外交家的经历——韩叙传》,世界知识出版社, 2004年版,第250页。
    283黄华著:《亲历与见闻——黄华回忆录》,世界知识出版社,2007年版,第266页。
    284《中华人民共和国和美利坚合众国联合公报》,《人民日报》,1982年8月18日。
    285沈吕巡著:《美国对台军售与中共对策》,风云出版社,1985年,第77页。
    286田增佩主编:《改革开放以来的中国外交》,世界知识出版社,1993年,第389页。
    287“President’s Statement,”US Department of State Bulletin, August 1982, p.21.
    288 James Mann, About Face: A History of America's Curious Relationship with China from Nixon to Clinton, New York: Distributed by Random House, 1999.p.127.
    289 [美]德怀特·L·杜蒙德著,宋新岳译:《现代美国(1896—1946)》,商务印书馆,1984年,第246-247页。
    290 [美]亚历山大·黑格著:《黑格回忆录》,时事出版社,1985年,第106页。
    291 [美]罗纳德·里根著,何力译:《里根回忆录:一个美国人的生平》,新华出版社, 1991年,第167页。
    292 Tad Szulc, The Reagan Administration `s Push Toward China Game from Warsaw, Los Angles Times, January17, 1981; Tad Szulc, Reagan Decided Not to Sell Jet Fighters to Taiwan, Los Angles Times, January 11, 1981.
    293 Fred I. Greenstein edited.,The Reagan Presidency: An Early Assessment, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1983, p.78.
    294 Michael Hunt, Ideology in U.S. Foreign Policy, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1987, p.188.
    295黄华:《亲历与见闻——黄华回忆录》,世界知识出版社,2007年,第269页。
    296[美]亚历山大·黑格著:《黑格回忆录》,时事出版社,1985年,第215页。
    297“The President’s News Conference in Tokyo, Japan,”February 25, 1989, The Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents, Office of the Federal Register February,1989, (OFR), p.246.
    298王堃编著:《布什与中国》,华夏出版社,2007年版,第137页。
    299“Interview with Chinese Televison Journalists in Beijing, China,”February 26, 1989, The Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents, OFR , February ,1989, p.250.
    300 Public Paper of the Presidents of the United States, George Bush, 1991, I, Washington D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1989, p.669.
    301 6月5日布什政府宣布三项制裁措施:(1)暂停中美间一切军售和商售武器出口;(2)暂停两国军事领
    303王堃编著:《布什与中国》,华夏出版社,2007年版,第176页。
    304 Ramon H. Myers edited., A Unique Relationship: The U.S and Republic of China Under the TRA, Hoover Institution Press, Standford University, California 1989,P109.
    305 Don Oberdorfer and David Hoffman,“Scowcroft Warned China of New Hill Sanctions; U.S. Emissiaries Stressed Need for Action by Beijing, Sources Say,”Washington Post, December 15, 1989.
    306 Patrick Tyler, A Great Wall: Six Presidents and China: An Investigative History, New York : Public Affairs, 1999, pp.373-374.
    307 Richard Bush,“Clinton and China: Scenarios for the Future,”The China Business Review, January-February, 1993.
    308“The President Spoke at the Yale University Quadrangle,”May 27, 1991.The Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents, June 3 ,1991, OFR,1991, pp.676-677.
    309《布什私下会见达赖,创下国际先例》,台湾《中央日报》,1991年4月19日。
    310陈锋主编:《中美较量大写真》,中国人事出版社, 1996年,第538页。
    311 James Mann, About Face: A History of America's Curious Relationship with China from Nixon to Clinton, New York: Distributed by Random House, 1999, p.273.
    312 James Mann, About Face: A History of America's Curious Relationship with China from Nixon to Clinton, New York: Distributed by Random House, 1999, p.269.
    313“National Security Strategy of the United States,”August 1991, http://www.fas.org/man/docs/918015-nss.htm
    314《钓鱼台档案》丛书编写组编:《钓鱼台档案:中美之间重大国事风云》,红旗出版社,1998年,第599页。
    315 A Strategic Framework for the Asian Pacific Rim Report to the Congress 1992, http://russia.shaps.hawaii.edu/security/report-92.html
    
    316唐正瑞著:《中美棋局中的台湾问题》,上海人民出版社, 2000年,第306页。
    317《亚洲先进的战斗机比较》,http://www.cnread.net/cnread1/jszl/y/yiming/zgkj/082.htm。
    318 Dennis Van Vranken Hickey, Taiwan's Security in the Changing International System, Boulder, Colo.: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1997.p.85.
    319 Sheryl Wudunn,“China Frets as U.S. Mulls Taiwan Jet-Fighter Deal,”New York Times, August 30, 1992 3
    20 Jim Mann,“Targeting Taiwan for Arms Deals,”Los Angeles Times, March 14, 1992.
    321 Jim Mann,“Targeting Taiwan for Arms Deals,”Los Angeles Times, March 14, 1992.
    322 Harlan W. Jencks,“F-16s to Taiwan: Proliferation Implications,”http://www.nti.org/db/archives/msl/mm/jencks.htm
    323 Michael R. Gordon,“Moscow Is Selling Weapons to China,”New York Times, October 18, 1992.
    324 James Mann, About Face: A History of America's CuriousRrelationship with China from Nixon to Clinton, New York : Distributed by Random House, 1999, pp.264-265.
    325 James Mann, Next Step: Taiwan to U.S.—We’re Back, Los Angles Times, July 28, 1992.
    326 Susumu Awanohara, Election Dynamics, Candidate Bush to Review Aircraft Sale to Taiwan, Far East Economic Review, August 20, 1992.
    327钱其琛著:《外交十记》,世界知识出版社, 2003年,第300-301页。
    328 Michael Richardson,“Taiwan May Turn to Israel for Warplanes,”International Herald Tribune, Monday, May 18, 1992.
    329 Jim Mann,“Targeting Taiwan for Arms Deals,”Los Angeles Times, March 14, 1992.
    330阮虹著:《一个外交家的经历——韩叙传》,世界知识出版社,2004年版,第410-411页。
    331“U .S. Sours on Beijing,”Los Angeles Times, October 1, 1991.
    332 James Lilley,“A Formula for China-Taiwan Relations,”Asian Wall Street Journal, September 6, 1991.
    333 [美]容安澜著:《悬崖勒马——美国对台政策与中美关系》,新华出版社,2007年,第115页。
    334《台报报道美已同意售台16架F-16战斗机》,《台港澳情况》,1992年第20期。
    335《法国国防部长主张售我百架2000型战机》,台湾《联合报》,1992年5月13日。
    336 Michael Richardson,“Taiwan May Turn to Israel for Warplanes,”International Herald Tribune, Monday, May 18, 1992.因为幼狮战斗机的引擎是美国通用电气公司制造的,因此,以色列出售该型战斗机需要得到美国的批准。
    337“Kfirs to Taiwan,”Israeli Foreign Affairs, April 28, 1992, Vol8, No.4. from Robert G. Sutter and William R. Johnson edited , Taiwan in World Affairs, Boulder : Westview Press, 1994. p.107, n.18.
    338南民:《猎鹰?猎犬?最后猎到老狮子?》,台湾《新新闻周刊》,1992年4月26-5月2日。
    339邱铭辉:《丁守中:我们要的是F-16C》,台湾《新新闻周刊》,1992年4月26-5月2日。
    340 Janice Castro,“This Sale Is a Mirage,”Times, July 13, 1992.
    341 James Mann, About Face: A History of America's CuriousRrelationship with China from Nixon to Clinton, New York: Distributed by Random House, 1999, pp.265-266.
    342 James Mann, About Face: A History of America's Curious Relationship with China from Nixon to Clinton, New York: Distributed by Random House, 1999, p.266.
    343 James Mann, About Face: A History of America's Curious Relationship with China from Nixon to Clinton, New York: Distributed by Random House, 1999, p.266.
    344 Patrick Tyler, A Ggreat Wall: Six Presidents and China: An Investigative History, New York : Public Affairs, 1999, p.376.
    345 Ramon H. Myers and Michel C. Oksenberg edited, Making China Policy Lessons from the Bush and Clinton Administrations, Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2001, p.33.
    346宦国苍:《美国大选,谁能入主白宫》,香港《九十年代》月刊,1992年8月号。
    347宦国苍:《美国大选,谁能入主白宫》,香港《九十年代》月刊,1992年8月号。
    348 James Mann, About Face: A History of America's Curious Relationship with China from Nixon to Clinton, New York : Distributed by Random House, 1999, p.267.
    349 Robert P. Steed, Laurence W. Moreland, and Tod A. Baker, The 1992 Presidential Election: Current Patterns of Southern Party and Electoral Politics, Westport, CT: Praeger Publisher, 1994, p.174.
    350 Patrick Tyler, A Great Wall: Presidents and China: An Investigative History, New York: Public Affairs, 1999, p.376.
    351“Urges the President to Support the Interagency Review of the U.S. and China Agreement Regarding Taiwan and the Proposed Sale of F-16’s From the U.S.,”The White House Correspondence Tracking Worksheet, ID#3384.July 17, 1992.
    352 Don Oberdorfer,“1982 Arms Policy with China Victim of Bush Campaign, Texas Lobbying,”Washington Post, September 4, 1992.
    353 James Mann,“Next Step: Taiwn to U.S.—We’re Back,”Los Angles Times, July 28, 1992.
    354“Bush would Reconsider Selling F-16s to Taiwan”, China Post, August 1, 1992.
    355 James Mann, About Face: A History of America's Curious Relationship with China from Nixon to Clinton, New York: Distributed by Random House, 1999, p.267.
    356 Eric Schmitt,“Jet Sales to Saudis and Taiwan Weighted,”New York Times, August 25, 1992.
    357 Laurence Zuckerman,“Taipei May Get Pick of U.S. or French Fighters: From Beggar to Chooser,”International Tribune, Monday, August 10, 1992.
    358 Laurence Zuckerman,“Taipei May Get Pick of U.S. or French Fighters: From Beggar to Chooser,”International Tribune, Monday, August 10, 1992.
    359 Robert L. Suettinger, Beyond Tiananmen: the Politics of U.S.-China Relations, 1989-2000, Brookings Institution Press, 2003, p.141.
    360 James Mann, About Face: A History of America's Curious Relationship with China from Nixon to Clinton, New York : Distributed by Random House, 1999, p.268.
    361“Bush Would Reconsider Selling F-16s to Taiwan,”China Post, August 1, 1992.
    362 Jackie Koszczuk,“Lawmakers Urging Bush to Approve Sale of F-16 to Taiwan,”Fort Worth Star-Telegram, August 19,1992. p.10.
    363“Bush Warned Against Losing Multibillion Dlr Sale to France,”China Post, August 19, 1992.
    364 Taiwan’s Military Modernization, Congressional Record, Senate, August 10, 1992 , P.S. 1971.
    365“Bush Warned against Losing Multibillion Dlr Sale to France,”China Post, August 19, 1992.
    366 T.Y.Wang,“Why Taiwan Should Get F-16s,”Christian Science Monitor, August 13, 1992.
    367 David W. Tsal,“United States Policy toward Taiwan,”Congressional Record, October 5, 1992, PE3110.
    368施克敏:《布希致函李总统,决售我F-16战机》,《联合报》,1992年9月3日。
    369陈世耀:《中美元首密函联系,突破禁忌意义深远》,《联合报》,1992年9月4日。
    370“Urges the President to Approve the Sale of F-16 Aircraft to Taiwan,”The White House Correspondence Tracking Worksheet, ID#346335. August 21, 1992.
    371“Urges the President to Reconsider His Decision and Review His Position on the Sale of Aircraft to Taiwan,”The White House Correspondence Tracking Worksheet, ID#346333. August 21, 1992.
    372“Bentsen Urges OK of F-16 Jet Fighter Sales to Taiwan,”Los Angeles Times, August 23, 1992.
    373 Robert P.Steed, Laurence W. Moreland, and Tod A. Baker, The 1992 Presidential Election: Current Patterns of Southern Party and Electoral Politics, Westport, CT: Praeger Publisher, p.174.
    374 Patrick Tyler, A Great Wall: Six Presidents and China: An Investigative History, New York : Public Affairs, 1999, p.378.
    382 Presdent Bush’Remark to General Dynamics Employees in Fort Worth, Texas, September 2, 1992, Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents, OFR ,1992, pp.1556-1557.
    383 [美]容安澜著:《悬崖勒马——美国对台政策与中美关系》,新华出版社,2007年,第116页。
    384“Bush Approves Sale of F-16s,”China Post, September 3, 1992.
    385《尼克松支持军售案》,《联合报》,1992年9月5日。
    386 Lena H.Sun and Stuart Auerbach,“New Bush Policies Anger China, Trade Partners,”Washington Post, September 4, 1992.
    387髗介华:《林文礼表示希望购买F—16C或D》,《中央日报》, 1992年9月3日。
    388李信宏:《美售我F—16,朝野立委肯定》,《联合报》,1992年9月4日。
    389《布希同意售我战机等于宣告八·一七公报死亡》,《中国时报》,1992年9月3日。
    390《李登辉“假统真独”分裂活动大事记》,http://www.minge.gov.cn/chinese/pplrevo/intro/17958.htm.
    391 Dennis Van Vranken Hicke, United States—Taiwan Security Ties: from Cold War to beyond Containment, Westport, Conn: Praeger, 1994, p168.
    392 Andrew Rosenthal,“Jet Sale to Saudis Approved by Bush, Saving Jobs in U.S.,”New York Times, September 12,1992.
    393 International Committee for Human Rights in Taiwan, Taiwan Communique, International Edition, No.56, December 1992, p.7.
    394王帆:《国际军火贸易》,经济日报出版社,1993年,第261页。
    395 Leslie H. Gelb,“Foreign Affairs; Mr. Bush, Statesman . . .,”New York Times, September 24, 1992.
    396 Thomas Friedman,“Selling Arms to Keep Jobs: The Signals It Sends Abroad,”New York Times, September 20, 1992.
    397 Leslie H. Gelb,“Foreign Affairs; No National Interest,”New York Times, October 18, 1992
    398 Eric Schmitt,“Arms Makers' Latest Tune: 'Over There, Over There',”New York Times, October 4, 1992
    399何汉理:《美军售政策改变,中国政策不会变》,《联合报》,1992年9月5日。
    400“Taiwan's Triumph: F-16 Fighters will be Sold to Taiwan,”The Economist, September 12, 1992 .
    401何新著:《何新政治经济论集》,黑龙江教育出版社, 1995年,第185页。
    402 International Committee for Human Rights in Taiwan, Taiwan Communique, International Edition, No.56. December 1992.pp.9-10.
    403 Andrew B. Brick,“In a Changed World, China Has to Get the Democratic Message,”International Herald Tribune, December 2, 1992.
    404 Michael Richardson,“F-16 Sale to Taiwan 'A 2-Edged Sword,'”International Herald Tribune, September 4, 1992.
    405何新著:《何新政治经济论集》,黑龙江教育出版社, 1995年版,第185-186页。
    406 James McGregor,“Beijing’s Reliance on US Limits Response to Jet Sale,”Asia Wall Street Journal,Septemper 14, 1992.
    407 David Lampton, Same Bed, Different Dream: Managing U.S.-China Relations, 1989-2000, Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001, p.32.
    408“Getting Tougher with China,”Washington Times, September 8, 1992.
    409宦国苍:《中美关系大逆转》,香港《九十年代》月刊,1992年10月号。
    410《中国政府强烈抗议美国政府决定向台湾出售F-16战斗机》,《人民日报》,1992年9月4日。
    411“F-16 Sale to Taiwan to Bolster Peace and Stability.”http://www.fas.org/news/taiwan/1992/920903-taiwan-usia.htm.
    412 David Holley,“China Protests Selling of 150 F-16's to Taiwan,”Los Angeles Times, September 4, 1992.
    413 Barbara Starr,“F-16 Sale Justified by‘Discrepancy,’”Jane’s Defence Weekly, September 12, 1992.
    414“Congress Should Defer F-15, F-16 Decisions,”Arms Sales Monitor, No.17, September 1992.
    415 Thomas L. Friedman,“China Warns U.S. on Taiwan Jet Deal,”New York Times, September 4, 1992.
    416“President Bush and Defense Secretary Cheney both Defended the Administration Decision to Sell 150 F-16 Fighter Aircraft to Taiwan,”http://www.fas.org/news/taiwan/1992/920904-taiwan-usia2.htm
    417“Discussion of the Sale of F-16 Fighters to Taiwan and of China's Adherence to the Missile Technology Control Regime,”http:// www.fas.org/news/taiwan/1992/920904-taiwan-usia.htm.
    418《F-16售台,美代理国务卿:美与中共关系将有困难时期》,《联合报》,1992年9月6日。
    419“Bush Authorizes F-16 Sales to Taiwan,”http://www.fas.org/news/taiwan/1992/920908-taiwan-usia.htm 420 Paul Malamud,“US Aircraft Sale to Taiwan for Defensive Purposes,”http://www.fas.org/news/taiwan/1992/920909-taiwan-usia.htm
    421 Robert L. Suettinger, Beyond Tiananmen: the Politics of U.S.-China Relations, 1989-2000, Brookings Institution Press, 2003, p.143.
    422 Robert L. Suettinger, Beyond Tiananmen: the Politics of U.S.-China Relations, 1989-2000, Brookings Institution Press, 2003, p.142.
    423“Taiwan's Triumph: F-16 Fighters will be Sold to Taiwan,”The Economist, September 12, 1992 .
    424《中共拟停止进口小麦抗议美售我军机》,《中央日报》,1992年9月11日。
    425任东来:《布什与中美关系》,http://www.lanxun.com/bmx/bmx036/nm03602.htm
    426晓轩:《直击台湾:台湾军事观察》,九州出版社,2002年版,第84页。
    427 Thomas Friedman,“Selling Arms to Keep Jobs: The Signals It Sends Abroad,”New York Times, September 20, 1992.
    428 The US Regrets China's Announcement that it will Boycott Talks of the Five Permanent Members of the UN Security Council on Middle East Arms Control. DoS Report. http://www.fas.org/news/taiwan/1992/920916-taiwan-usia.htm.
    429何洪泽:《钱其琛外长谈中美关系》,《人民日报》,1992年9月24日。
    430“Subs to Iran Sale Different from Planes to Taiwan,”http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/library/news/iran/1992/920925-244604.htm
    431“F-16 Sale to Taiwan Dominates US-China Talks,”http:// www.fas.org/news/taiwan/1992/920925-taiwan-usia.htm
    432“Subs to Iran Sale Different from Planes to Taiwan,”http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/library/news/iran/1992/920925-244604.htm
    433 Barbar Opall,“U.S. Tries Sway Taiwan from French Fighter Buy,”Defense News, October 19, 1992, p.2.
    434 9月17日,杜尔曾表示,除非中国同意恢复购买美国小麦,否则他将改变立场在中国最惠国待遇上设置条件。David S. Cloud,“Dole May Oppose China MFN if Wheat Sales Suffer,”Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report, Congressional Quarterly, Inc.,( CQ) , September 19, 1992, p.2795. 9月23日,杜尔再次表示中国如果拒绝购买美国小麦,那么布什总统否决中国最惠国待遇附加条件的决议案就可能遭到国会反否决。Jim Mann,“Dole Riled, Could Sink U.S. China Policy," Los Angeles Times, September 23, 1992.
    435“Foreign Relations Backs China Radio Service,”Congressional Quarteraly Weekly Report, OFR, October 3, 1992., p.3072.
    436 Adam Bryant,“Companies Expect Benefits From U.S.-China Trade Pact,”New York Times, October 12, 1992.
    437 Shery Wudunn,“Chinese Dissident Freed from Prison,”New York Times, November 26, 1992.
    438宦国苍:《中美关系大逆转》,香港《九十年代》月刊,1992年10月号。
    439 Sheryl Wudunn,“Chinese Angered by French Arms Sale to Taiwan,”New York Times, November 20, 1992.
    440 International Committee for Human Rights in Taiwan, Taiwan Communique, International Edition, No.57.December 1992,p.5.
    441 Nicholasd D. Kristof,“The World; It's China Against the World, With a Great Deal at Stake,”New York Times, November 29, 1992
    442 Nicholasd D. Kristof,“The World; It's China Against the World, With a Great Deal at Stake,”New York Times, November 29, 1992.他指的是几乎与此同时中国面临美国售台战斗机、法国售台战斗机、荷兰考虑售台潜艇以及香港的民主问题等棘手的事。
    443钟坚:《第三世界核武化:中共的基因》,《尖端科技》,2004年第3期。
    444王立著:《波兰起伏:中美关系演变的曲折历程》,世界知识出版社,1998年版,第285页。
    445 Stuart Auerbach,“Franklin Defends Costly Trip to China; U.S. Business Benefits, Commerce Secretary Says,”Washington Post, December 23, 1992.
    446“Presidential Decision on Military Sales to China,”US Department of State Dispatch, Vol.4, No. January 4, 1993, p.10.
    447钱其琛著:《外交十记》,世界知识出版社, 2003年版,第302页。
    448“Mirage Deal Now Official,”China Post, January 7, 1993.
    449林正义:《“八·一七公报”后美国对台军售政策》,《欧美研究》,第23卷第3期(1993年9月)。
    450 Alan D. Romberg, Rein in at the Brink of the Precipice: American Policy toward Taiwan and U.S.-PRC Relations, Washington, D.C. : Henry L. Stimson Center, 2003.p.152.
    451 [美]安德鲁·内森,罗伯特·罗斯著,柯雄等译:《长城与空城计:中国对安全的寻求》,新华出版社, 1997年,第80页。
    452“Mr. Bush Sells Out Arms Control,”New York Times, September 29, 1992.
    453“China Warns US Trade is Jeopardizes by Sale of Military Aircraft to Taiwan,”Japan Times, September 9, 1992. 4
    54 James Mann, About Face: A History of America's Curious Relationship with China from Nixon to Clinton, New York: Distributed by Random House, 1999, p.176.
    455 James Mann, About Face: A History of America's Curious Relationship with China from Nixon to Clinton, New York : Distributed by Random House, 1999, pp.270-271.
    456 Patrick Tyler, A Great Wall: Six Presidents and China: An Investigative History , New York : Public Affairs, 1999, p.379.
    457 Robert L. Suettinger, Beyond Tiananmen: the Politics of U.S.-China Relations, 1989-2000, Brookings Institution Press, 2003, pp.143-144.
    
    458骆冰、李祖庆:《116位将军就对美政策上书邓小平》,《争鸣》,1993年6月1日。
    459 Michael Y. M. Kau,“U.S. Visit Fits the Realities of Taiwan,”International Herald Tribune, June 10, 1995.
    464李燕:《小布什对华政策述评》,http://bbs.beida-online.com/zhuanti/sinous/usliyan.php3
    465萨本望:《论“布什主义”》,外交学院学报, 2003年第2期。
    466 Quadrennial Defense Review - May 1997, http://www.cato.org/pubs/pas/pa-317.pdf
    467 Owen Harris,“The Anti-China Syndrome,”National Review, May 1997. http://www.prospect-magazine.co.uk/pdfarticle.php?id=4520
    468李燕:《小布什对华政策述评》,http://bbs.beida-online.com/zhuanti/sinous/usliyan.php3
    469 Steven Mufson,“'Strategic Partnership' Takes a Hit,”Washington Post, May 11,1999.
    470 Jim Hoagland,“Now for an Honest Look at China,”Washington Post, May 13, 1999.
    482 Shirley Kan,“China/Taiwan: Evolution of the‘One China’Policy,”CRS Report, RL30341.
    483 Julian Baum and others, The Crying Game, Far Easter Economic Review, July 16, 1998, p.16.
    484“Taiwan Balancing Act,”Wall Street Journal, October 29, 1999.
    485 Goldstein and Schriver,“An Uncertain Relationship: The United States, Taiwan and the Taiwan Relations Act,”China Quarterly, March 2001, p.163.
    486 Goldstein and Schriver,“An Uncertain Relationship: The United States, Taiwan and the Taiwan Relations Act,”China Quarterly, March 2001, p.163.
    487 Martin Laster, The Changing of the Guard: President Clinton and the Security of Taiwan, Boulder : Westview Press, 1995, p.139.
    488“The Security Situation in the Taiwan Strait,”Report to Congress, February 26, 1999.
    489 Kerry Dumbaugh,“The Taiwan Security Enhancement Act and Underlying Issues in US Policy,”CRS Report, RS20370, March 1,2000.
    490 Richard F. Grimmett,“Conventional Arms Transfers to Developing Nations, 1993-2000,”CRS Report, RL 31083, August 16, 2001.
    496赵连启:《美国少数国会议员对中美关系的阻碍及其原因》,《和平与发展》,2001年第3期。
    497天一:《台湾安全法案如何收场》,《广角镜》月刊, 2000年2月。
    498《揭秘/台湾每年花三百多万美元买美国的支持》,http://www.stnn.cc/hk_taiwan/200708/t20070823_604051.html
    499 David Lampton,“Reducing Taiwan Security Act,”Washington Post, October 31, 1999.
    500汪东:《美国会出笼“加强台湾安全法”的台前幕后》,《光明日报》,2000年2月18日。
    501 United States Congress, Senate, Committee on Foreign Relations, Taiwan: Hearings Before the Committee on Foreign Relations, 96th Congress, 5,6,7,8,21 and 22 February 1979 (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1979), pp. 3–10.http:// www.state.gov/documents/organization/65731.pdf
    502 The Public Papers of the President of the United States: Jimmy Carter, 1979, GPO, 1980, Vol.I, p.257.
    503 Richard C. Bush, At Cross Purposes: U.S.-Taiwan Relations since 1942, Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe, 2004,p.156.
    504“United States Statutes at Large,”96th Congress, 1st Session, Volume 93, GPO, 1981.
    505杜蘅之主编:《台湾关系法及其他》,台湾商务印书馆,1984年,第55页。
    506韩念龙主编:《当代中国外交》,中国社会科学出版社,1993年,第232页。
    507田增佩主编:《改革开放以来的中国外交》,世界知识出版社,1993年,第386页。
    508田增佩主编:《改革开放以来的中国外交》,世界知识出版社,1993年,第386页。
    509夏立平:《美台军事关系发展评述》,《国际问题研究》,2001年第4期。
    510 Taiwan Security Enhancement Act (H. R. 1838), House International Relations Committee, October 26, 1999, http://taiwansecurity.org/IS/IS-991026-TSEA.htm
    511唐正瑞著:《中美棋局中的台湾问题》,上海人民出版社,第591页。
    512陈少廷:《对“加强台湾安全法”的商榷——同FAPA同仁的对话》,http://taup.yam.org.tw/comm/comm9907/t008.htm
    513 Robert G. Kaiser and Steven Mufson,“White House Opposes Bill on Taiwan, Business Lobbyists Join Bid to Stop Security Measure That Could Anger China,”Washington Post, October. 3, 1999.
    514“United States-Taiwan Relations: The 20th Anniversary of the Taiwan Relations Act ,”Hearing Before the Committee on Foreign on Foreign Relations United States Senate, One Hundred Sixth Congress, First Session, March 25, 1999.
    515 Stanley O. Roth,“The Taiwan Relations Act at Twenty -- and Beyond,”Address to the Woodrow Wilson Center and the American Institute in Taiwan, Washington, DC, March 24, 1999.16“United States-Taiwan Relations: The 20th Anniversary of the Taiwan Relations Act ,”Hearing Before the Committee on Foreign on Foreign Relations United States Senate, One Hundred Sixth Congress, First Session, March 25, 1999.
    517“United States-Taiwan Relations: The 20th Anniversary of the Taiwan Relations Act ,”Hearing Before the Committee on Foreign on Foreign Relations United States Senate, One Hundred Sixth Congress, First Session, March 25, 1999.
    518“United States-Taiwan Relations: The 20th Anniversary of the Taiwan Relations Act ,”Hearing Before the Committee on Foreign on Foreign Relations United States Senate, One Hundred Sixth Congress, First Session, March 25, 1999.
    519“United States-Taiwan Relations: The 20th Anniversary of the Taiwan Relations Act ,”Hearing Before the Committee on Foreign on Foreign Relations United States Senate, One Hundred Sixth Congress, First Session, March 25, 1999.
    520“United States-Taiwan Relations: The 20th Anniversary of the Taiwan Relations Act ,”Hearing Before the Committee on Foreign on Foreign Relations United States Senate, One Hundred Sixth Congress, First Session, March 25, 1999.
    521 Jesse Helms,“Engagement with China Doesn’t Work. Now What?”Wall Street Journal, July 8, 1999.
    
    522 Mary S. Dairymple,“Taiwanese President’s Comment Inspires GOP to Review Attack on Cliton’s‘One China’Policy,”Congressional Quarteraly Weekly Report, OFR, July 24, 1999.
    523 U.S. Department of State Dispatch, August 3, 1999.
    524 Hearing before the Committee on Foreign Relations United States Senate, One Hundred Sixth Congress, First Session, August 4. http://www.access.gpo.gov/congress/senate.
    525 Testimony of Susan Shirk before the House International Relation Committee on September 15, 1999.
    526 Dr. Kurt Campbell, Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs Asian and Pacific Affairs Statement Before the House International Relations Committee , September 15,1999, http://www.nti.org/db/china/engdocs/camp0999.htm
    527 Robert G. Kaiser and Steven Mufson,“White House Opposes Bill on Taiwan, Business Lobbyists Join Bid toStop Security Measure That Could Anger China,”Washington Post, October 3, 1999.
    528 Kerry Dumbaugh,“The Taiwan Security Enhancement Act and Underlying Issue in US Policy,”CRS Report, RS20370, March 1, 20000, p.3.
    529曾建徽著:《议会外交:交流与交锋——曾建徽与外国议员和政要的对话》,五洲传播出版社,2006年,第91页。
    530“The Taiwan Security Enhancement,”A Nixon Center Briefing Act, http://www.nixoncenter.org/publications/Program%20Briefs/vol5no25TSEA.htm.
    531 H.R.1838, The Taiwan Security Enhancement Act, Markup Before the Committee on International Relations House of Representatives, One Hundred Sixth Congress, First Session. Tuesday, October 26, 1999.
    532 Congressional Committee passes Taiwan Security Enhancement Act, Washington, 26 October 1999 . http://www.taiwandc.org/nws-9940.htm
    533 H.R.1838, The Taiwan Security Enhancement Act, Markup Before the Committee on International Relations House of Representatives, One Hundred Sixth Congress, First Session. Tuesday, October 26, 1999.
    534胡晓明:《美政府反对<加强台湾安全法案>》,《人民日报》,1999年10月29日。
    535 US Government Still Opposes Modified Taiwan Security Enhancement Act, CNA , Oct. 27, 1999, http://www.fas.org/news/taiwan/1999/991029p2.htm.
    536胡晓明:《<加强台湾安全法案>将带来严重后果》,《人民日报》,1999年10月30日。
    537 David M. Lampton,“The Taiwan Security Reduction Act,”Washington Post, October 31, 1999.
    538 William Ide,“Taiwan security act put on back burner,”http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/1999/11/03/9198
    539 Chen Meiqin:“Defense of Taiwan : Letters to the Editor,”http://www.iht.com/articles/1999/11/04/edlet.t_2.php
    540曾建徽著:《议会外交:交流与交锋——曾建徽与外国议员和政要的对话》,五洲传播出版社,2006年,第99-100页。
    541 Nelson Chung , U.S. Lawmakers Urged to Support Taiwan Security Enhancement Act, Washington, Jan. 31 (CNA), http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/library/news/taiwan/2000/e-02-01-00-6.htm
    542“US House Passes Taiwan Security Enhancement Act, Opposition to PNTR for China Takes Shape Security Enhancement Act,”http://www.hktdc.com/alert/us0003c.htm.
    543潇溟:《切莫在两岸间走钢丝:“加强台湾安全法”的实质及危害》,http://www.people.com.cn/GB/channel7/35/20000409
    544刘江:《美众议员反对国会审议<加强台湾安全法案>》,《人民日报海外版》,2000年2月2日。
    545“Spokesperson on the Upcoming Vote of the Taiwan Security Enhancement Act by the US Congress,”http://china-embassy.org/eng/ztlt/TaiwanIssue/t113026.htm
    546汪东:《美国会出笼“加强台湾安全法”的台前幕后》,《光明日报》,2000年2月18日。
    547“Congresswoman Nancy Pelosi,Statement Supporting The Taiwan Security Enhancement Act,H.R. 1838,”http://www.house.gov/pelosi/fltaisea.htm. 5
    48 Policy Chairman Hails Passage of Taiwan Security Enhancement Act, Washington, D.C. February 1, 2000, http://www.fas.org/news/taiwan/2000/0201tseapasses.htm 5
    49 Gilman Challenges Clinton over Taiwan. House International Relations Committee Press Release, February 1, 2000, Washington File, February 3, 2000. www.fas.org/news/taiwan/2000/000201-taiwan-usia11.htm
    550《美众院通过加强台湾安全法》,www.zaobao.com/zaobao/special/china/sino.
    551 Eric Schmitt,“House Approves Expansion of Ties to Taiwan Army,”New York Times, February 2, 2000.
    552刘连第:《中美关系的轨迹:1993年—2000年大事纵览》,时事出版社, 2001年,第288-289。
    553 Unofficial Tanscript: Security Advisor February 2 Remarks on China, Washington File, February 3, 2000. pp.32-33. http://www.fas.org/news/china/2000/000208-prc-usia1.htm.
    554 Eric Schmitt,“House Approves Expansion of Ties to Taiwan Army,”New York Times, February 2, 2000.
    555刘江:《克林顿反对<加强台湾安全法>法案》,《解放军报》,2000年2月7日。
    556胡晓明:《莱文说美众院通过<加强台湾安全法>法案是愚蠢和危险的》,http://www.chinamil.com.cn/item/twwt/old/d20000207_06.htm.
    557 Greg May,“Really Chick: House Enhances Tensions, Not Taiwan's Security,”http://www.nixoncenter.org/publications/Reality%20Check/2_2_00TSEA.htm.
    558朱幸福:《<加强台湾安全法案>是多余的》,《文汇报》,2000年3月3日。
    559 Stephen J. Yates,“Time to Act on Taiwan Security,”http://www.heritage.org/Research/AsiaandthePacific/EM651.cfm.
    560薛福康:《美参议院临时议长和农业部长表示反对“加强台湾安全法”法案》,《光明日报》,2000年2月13日。
    561薛福康:《李肇星笔战赫尔姆斯》,《光明日报》,2000年2月16日。
    562《朱邦造称美如果通过<台湾安全法>百害无一利》,http://news.sina.com.cn/china/2000-2-18/62803.html
    563 Jane Perle,“Warning by China to Taiwan Poses Challenge to U.S.,”New York Times,February 27, 2000钱其琛副总理会见美国副国务卿塔尔博特一行,http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/chn/wjb/zzjg/bmdyzs/gjlb/1948/1951/t7542.htm
    564曾建徽著:《议会外交:交流与交锋——曾建徽与外国议员和政要的对话》,五洲传播出版社,2006年,第104-105页。
    565《一个中国的原则与台湾问题》,http://www.gwytb.gov.cn/bps/bps_yzyz.htm
    566 In Support of the Taiwan Security Enhancement Act, Floor Statement by Senator Tim Hutchinson , R-AZ on February 22, 2000, Congressional Record: February 22, 2000 (Senate),p.S654-S655.
    567 Erik Hotmire,“Brownback Statement on China and Taiwan,”March 3, 2000, http://brownback.senate.gov/pressapp/record.cfm?id=175796
    568潘筱颖:《迟浩田、傅全有分别会见美军太平洋总部司令》,http://web.peopledaily.com.cn/zdxw/19/20000229/2
    569马世琨、张勇:《美军太平洋总部司令反对<加强台湾安全法>法》,《人民日报》,2000年3月10日。
    570彭树杰:《江泽民主席在会见美常驻联合国代表时强调切实维护中美关系基础不受损害至关重要美方应在实际行动上坚持一个中国的政策》,《人民日报》,2000年3月22日,第1版。
    571唐家璇外长与美总统国家安全事务助理伯杰会谈,http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/chn/wjb/zzjg/bmdyzs/gjlb/1948/1951/t7550.htm
    572 Joseph Kahn and Erik Eckholm,“Senate Republicans Try to Delay Vote on Taiwan Security Bill,”New York Times ,April 28, 2000.
    73 Jane Perlez,“Mindful of China, U.S. Agrees To Weapons Deal for Taiwan,”New York Times, April 18, 2000
    574 Goldstein and Schriver,“An Uncertain Relationship: The United State, Taiwan, and the Relations Act,”China Quarterly, March 2001, p.169.
    575 Kevin Sack,“For the South, GOP Security Defense Bounty,”New York Times, November 18, 1997.
    576 Jane Perlez,“Mindful of China, U.S. Agrees To Weapons Deal for Taiwan,”New York Times, April 18, 2000
    577 Christopher Marquis,“G.O.P. Criticizes White House on Aid for Taiwan,”New York Times, April 19, 2000
    578 Christopher Marquis,“G.O.P. Criticizes White House on Aid for Taiwan,”New York Times, April 19, 2000
    579 Joseph Kahn and Erik Eckholm,“Senate Republicans Try to Delay Vote on Taiwan Security Bill,”New York
    582 Bill Gertz,“Senate Report Urges Arms for Taiwan,”Washington Times, March 13, 2001
    583 George·W·Bush,“A Distinctly American Internationalism,”November 19, 1999. http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/bush/wspeech.htm
    584《就布什州长有关中美关系和台湾问题的言论,外交部发言人发表评论》,《人民日报》,1999年11月24日。
    585《布什智囊诠释“中美竞争对手关系”》,www.luckup.net/mag1/n2/subart321.htm.
    586 Henry Hyde,“"A Congressional Perspective on Asia at the Outset of the Bush Administration "Address to the Asia Society”
    587“George W. Bush on China,”http://www.issues2000.org/frontline/issues/George_W__Bush_China.htm
    588贺冲:《小布什上台后美对华政策会否大变样》,http://www.sxet.com.cn/ecolook/macro/mf204.htm.
    589《中国冀美恪守一中,唐家璇称布什当总统对华政策料保持》,http://pdf.sznews.com/hkcd/2000/1216/newsfile/n1-7.htm
    590《中国冀美恪守一中,唐家璇称布什当总统对华政策料保持》,http://pdf.sznews.com/hkcd/2000/1216/newsfile/n1-7.htm
    591“Online NewsHour: GOP Platform 2000,”http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/election/july-dec00/platform7.html
    602朱显龙:《台湾海军发展战略及武器系统评估》,http://www.china.com.cn/chinese/2002/Aug/191830.htm
    603陈建:《钱其琛抵美访问美对台军售将成会晤焦点》,http://www.people.com.cn/GB/junshi/420285.html
    604“Patriot TMD,”http://www.globalsecurity.org/space/systems/patriot.htm
    605“Patriot Advanced Capability-3 (PAC-3) ,”http:// www.globalsecurity.org/space/systems/patriot-ac-3.htm
    606阎学通著:《美国霸权与中国安全》,天津人民出版社, 2000年,第146页。
    607思俊:《揭开台湾潜艇部队的面纱》,《军事文摘》, 2002年第12期
    608思俊:《揭开台湾潜艇部队的面纱》,《军事文摘》, 2002年第12期。
    609李巨泰主编:《台湾军事力量实说》,长征出版社,2000年,第85-86页。
    610高智阳:《胎死腹中的台阿潜艇军购秘辛》,《凤凰周刊》,2005年第23期。
    611 Shirley A. Kan,“Taiwan: Major U.S. Arms Sales Since 1990,”CRS Report for Congress, RL30957. Updated July 5, 2005, http:// fpc.state.gov/documents/organization/50162.pdf.
    612曼朵:《台湾宙斯盾美梦又没成》,《青年参考》,2001年4月27日。
    613《中国外交攻势力阻美售台武器》,http://military.china.com/zh_cn/important/64/20010304/131578.html
    614伊然:《从美国军火公司进驻台湾看美台关系》,香港《镜报》,2001年9月号。
    615彭慧、席雪莲:《中国外交攻势力阻美售台武器》,http://military.china.com/zh_cn/important/64/20010304/131578.html
    616朱显龙:《台湾大买攻击性武器》,《环球时报》,2001年3月6日。
    617丁宝忠:《一个中国原则有利于解决台湾问题》,《人民日报》,2001年2月22日。
    618杜平:《杨洁篪出使美国与中美关系》,《联合早报》,2001年3月12日。
    619《外交部长唐家璇答记者问》,《人民日报》,2001年3月7日。
    620《点名莫售台神盾舰等先进武器,唐家璇促美悬崖勒马》,http://pdf.sznews.com/hkcd/2001/0307/newsfile/n1-4.htm.
    621 Alan D. Romberg, Rein in at the Brink of the Precipice: American Policy toward Taiwan and U.S.-PRC Relations, Washington, D.C. : Henry L. Stimson Center, 2003.p.2.
    622《美正仔细揣度中国的警告》,http://military.china.com/zh_cn/important/64/20010308/136255.html.
    623《鲍威尔:对台军售不会与大陆协商》,http://military.china.com/zh_cn/news/568/20010310/138175.html.
    624《美国誓言履行对台防卫承诺》,http://military.china.com/zh_cn/news/568/20010307/134722.html.
    625 Greg Jaffe and Charles Hutzler,“U.S. Weapons Sales to Taiwan Turn into Politics-Driven Debate,”Mar 13, 2001, http://www.nautilus.org/archives/napsnet/dr/0103/MAR14.html.
    626 Bill Gertz,“Senate Report Urges Arms for Taiwan,”Washington Times, March 13, 2001.
    627 Jon Dougherty,“Taiwan Questions Release of Arms‘Wish List’,”http://www.worldnetdaily.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=22096
    628彭鸣:《台当局自己捅出采武清单》,《环球时报》,2001年03月20日。
    629 Michael Gorden,“Secret U.S. Study Concludes Taiwan Needs New Arms,”New York Times, January 13, 2001.
    630 Wade Boese:“China Opposes Prospective U.S. Arms Sales to Taiwan,”http://www.armscontrol.org/act/2001_04/taiwan
    631吴献斌:《TMD与台湾问题》,《当代亚太》,2002年第4期。
    632李诗佳:《迟浩田:中国政府关注美售台武器和NMD问题》,http://www.people.com.cn/GB/junshi/60/20010316/418421.html.李诗佳:《迟浩田:中国政府坚决反对美对台军售》,http://www.people.com.cn/GB/junshi/420827.html.
    633 Jane Perlez,“White House Reveals Plans For New Taiwan Arms Sale,”New York Times, March 17, 2001
    634 Jon Dougherty,“U.S. killed Aegis sale?”http://www.wnd.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=22158 6
    35赵连启:《美国少数国会议员对中美关系的阻碍及其原因》,《和平与发展》,2001年第3期。
    636 Erick Guyot and Jason Dean,“As U.S.-China Standoff Simmers, Taiwan Backers Push Their Cause,”Wall Street Journal, April 11, 2001.
    637 John Pomfret, "China Lobbies to Block an Arms Sale to Taiwan," Washington Post, 3 March 2001.
    638《中国将以经济制裁美售武公司?》,http://military.china.com/zh_cn/important/64/20010317/145263.html.
    639 Greg Jaffe,“U.S. Navy, Industry Push Aegis Radar for Taipei --- Lobbying Is Complicating Hard Political Decisions White House Must Make,”Wall Street Journal, Mar 21, 2001.
    640 Kenneth Lieberthal,“U.S. Policy toward China,”Brookings Policy Brief Series, No.72, March, 2001.
    641 Jane Perlez,“White House Reveals Plans for New Taiwan Arms Sale,”New York Times, March 17, 2001.
    642 Craig S. Smith,“Visiting Chinese to Urge Bush Not to Sell Arms to Taiwan,”New York Times, March 12, 2001.
    643任毓骏、葛立德:《钱副总理访美成功,台湾买不成宙斯盾》,《环球时报》,2001年3月27日。
    644“China Comes Calling,”New York Times, March 21, 2001.
    645林凌:《关键时刻─钱其琛访美之行重要》,http://military.china.com/zh_cn/critical2/23/20010320/147772.html.
    646钱其琛赴美三方军售角力开战http://military.china.com/zh_cn/news/568/20010319/146511.html
    647《伍世文指美对台军售计划不变》,http://military.china.com/zh_cn/news/568/20010306/133398.html.
    648林凌:《关键时刻─钱其琛访美之行重要》,http://military.china.com/zh_cn/critical2/23/20010320/147772.html.
    649《鲍威尔:对台军售不会与大陆协商》,http://military.china.com/zh_cn/news/568/20010310/138175.html.
    650《美官员:不与钱其琛谈军售问题》,military.china.com/zh_cn/news/568/2001031.
    651 Steven Mufson and Robert G. Kaiser,“China Warns U.S. on Warship Sale to Taiwan,”Washington Post, March 21, 2001.
    652 George Gedda,“Chinese Leader Opposes Weapons Sale,”http://www.infobeat.com/cgi-bin/WebObjects/IBFrontEnd.woa/wa/fullStory?article=406462626.
    653 Jon Dougherty,“Lawmakers Urge Aegis Sale to Taiwan,”http://www.wnd.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=22118
    654 House Concurrent Resolution, HCR 67, March 20, 2001, http://www.fapa.org/Aegis/andrewsbill/text.html.
    655 Greg Jaffe,“U.S. Navy, Industry Push Aegis Radar for Taipei --- Lobbying Is Complicating Hard Political Decisions White House Must Make,”Wall Street Journal, Mar 21, 2001.
    656 Jon Dougherty,“Lawmakers Urge Aegis Sale to Taiwan,”http://www.wnd.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=22118
    657 Jon Dougherty,“Lawmakers Urge Aegis Sale to Taiwan,”http://www.wnd.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=22118
    658 Steven Mufson and Robert G. Kaiser,“China Warns U.S. on Warship Sale to Taiwan,”Washington Post, March 21, 2001.
    659 Gerald F. Seib,“Taiwan Tussle: Bush's China Test Is About to Begin,”Wall Street Journal, Mar 21, 2001.
    660 Jon Dougherty,“U.S. killed Aegis sale?”http://www.wnd.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=22158
    661贺冲:《美台军售新交易将严重损害中美关系》,www.chinanews.com.cn/2001-04-25/26/87953.html.
    662任毓骏、葛立德:《钱副总理访美成功台湾买不成宙斯盾》,《环球时报》,2001年3月27日。
    663任毓骏、王如君:《钱其琛副总理出席美国会早餐会》,http://www.people.com.cn/GB/shizheng/16/20010323/424420.html
    664“Rep Robert Wexler Urges President Bush to Bolster Taiwan’s Self-Defense,”http://www.fapa.org/Aegis/wexler.html
    665“Remarks Prior to Discussions with Vice Premier Qian Qichen of China and Exchange with Reporters,”March
    622, 2001, Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents, OFR , March, 2001.p.492.
    666 Marclacey and David E. Sanger,“First Meeting: China Testing Firmer Way of Bush Team,”New York Times, March 23, 2001.
    667 Andrea Koppel,“Interview with China's Vice-premier Qian Qichen,”http://archives.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/asiapcf/east/03/23/china.qian.koppel.transcript
    668刘江、严锋:《钱其琛在美中关系全国委员会等机构联合举办的午餐会上发表演讲》,http://www.people.com.cn/GB/shizheng/16/20010324/424635.html
    669 Willy Wo-Lap Lam,“Qian Fails in His Mission,”http://edition.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/asiapcf/east/03/23/willy.qian/index.html
    670“China to Arm if U.S. Sells to Taiwan,”http://archives.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/asiapcf/east/03/24/china.jiang/index.html.
    671“China to Arm if U.S. Sells to Taiwan,”http://archives.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/asiapcf/east/03/24/china.jiang/index.html.
    672 Michael R. Gordon,“Secret U.S. Study Concludes Taiwan Needs New Arms,”New York Times, April 1, 2001.
    673 Michael R. Gordon,“Secret U.S. Study Concludes Taiwan Needs New Arms,”New York Times, April 1, 2001.
    674 David E. Sanger,“Collision with China: The Overview; U.S. Shies Away From Threats in Plane Standoff with China,”New York Times, April 10, 2001.
    675 David E. Sanger,“Bush Is Offering Taiwan Some Arms But Not the Best,”New York Times, April 24, 2001.
    676 David E. Sanger,“Collision with China: The Overview; U.S. Shies Away From Threats in Plane Standoff with China,”New York Times, April 10, 2001.
    677 David E. Sanger,“Collision with China: The Overview; U.S. Shies Away From Threats in Plane Standoff with China,”New York Times, April 10, 2001.
    678 David E. Sanger and Stevenlee Myers,“Collision With China: Washington; Delicate Diplomatic Dance Ends Bush's First Crisis,”New York Times, April 12, 2001. 6
    79 Joseph Kahn,“Collision with China: News Analysis Taiwan Arms Sales and China's W.T.O. Application Will Test a Relationship,”New York Times, April 12, 2001.
    680 Miles A. Pomper and Pat Towell,“Lawmakers Warn of Backlash against Beijing’s Detention of Navy Plane’s Crew,”Congressional Quarteraly Weekly Report, OFR, April 7, 2001.
    681张清敏著:《美国对台军售政策研究:决策的视角》,世界知识出版社, 2006年版,第295页。6
    82 Alison Mitchell,“Collision with China: Capital Hill; Anti-China Coalition in Congress Is Emboldened,”New York Times, April 5, 2001. 6
    83 Alison Mitchell,“Collision with China: Capital Hill; Anti-China Coalition in Congress Is Emboldened,”New York Times, April 5, 2001.
    684 Alison Mitchell,“Collision with China: Capital Hill; Anti-China Coalition in Congress Is Emboldened,”New York Times, April 5, 2001.
    685 Alison Mitchell,“Collision with China: Capital Hill; Anti-China Coalition in Congress Is Emboldened,”New York Times, April 5, 2001.
    686 Robert G. Torricelli,“Sending A Signal by Aegis,”Washington Times, April 8, 2001
    687 David E. Sanger,“Collision with China: The Overview; U.S. Shies Away From Threats In Plane Standoff With China,”New York Times, April 10, 2001.
    688 Pat Towell,“Republicians, Who Wanted a Stronger U.S. Stance, will Push for More Arms to Taiwan,”Congressional Quarteraly Weekly Report, April 14, 2001.
    689“U.S.-China Diplomatic Crisis Could Impact Arms Sale to Taiwan, Says Powell,”http://taiwansecurity.org/TSR-Collision.htm
    690 David E. Sanger,“Collision with China: The Overview; U.S. Shies Away From Threats In Plane Standoff With China,”New York Times, April 10, 2001.
    691 Erick Guyot and Jason Dean,“As U.S.-China Standoff Simmers, Taiwan Backers Push Their Cause,”Wall Street Journal, April 11, 2001.
    692 Thomas J. Christensen,“New Challenges and Opportunities in the Taiwan Strait: Defining America’s Role,”An Executive Summary of the Report of the National Committee on United States–China Relations Conference on U.S. Policy Toward Relations Across the Taiwan Strait, Pocantico Conference Center, August 8-10,2003.
    693“Taiwan: Plane Shouldn't Affect Sales,”http://taiwansecurity.org/AP/2001/AP-040901.htm
    694“Taiwan Arms Sales the Next Hurdle,”cnn.com/2001/WORLD/asiapcf/east/04/12/taiwan.spyplane02.
    695“Naval Chief in US for Talks,”Taipei Times, April 12, 2001.
    696“Taiwanese Leader Urges U.S. Arms Sale,”New York Times, April 15, 2001.
    698 Joseph Kahn,“Collision with China: News Analysis Taiwan Arms Sales and China's W.T.O. Application Will Test a Relationship,”New York Times, April 12, 2001.
    699 David E. Sanger and Eric Schmitt,“U.S. May Withhold Main Radar Item on Taiwan’s List,”New York Times, April 18, 2001.
    700“Debate on China Complicated by Standoff,”http://usatoday.com/news/washdc/2001-04-15-us-china.htm
    701 John Feffer,“Taiwan: No Farewell to Arms, but Sales Slow,”http://www.atimes.com/atimes/China/FE08Ad02.html
    702“Congress Pressing US on Taiwan Arms,”Associate Press, April 13, 2001, http://taiwansecurity . org /AP/2001/AP-041301.htm.
    703 Michael R. Gordon,“Collision With China: The Issue; Dispute Grows Over Providing Arms to Taiwan,”New York Times, April 15, 2001.
    704曾建徽著:《议会外交:交流与交锋——曾建徽与外国议员和政要的对话》,五洲传播出版社,2006年,第217页。
    705“Taiwanese Leader Urges U.S. Arms Sale,”New York Times, April 15, 2001.
    706 Jon Dougherty,“Aegis Decision Linked to U.S.-China Standoff?”http://www.worldnetdaily.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=22494
    707 Jon Dougherty,“Aegis Decision Linked to U.S.-China Standoff?”http://www.worldnetdaily.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=22494
    708 David E. Sanger and Eric Schmitt,“U.S. May Withhold Main Radar Item on Taiwan’s List,”New York Times, April 18, 2001.
    709 Michael R. Gordon,“Breathing Room for Taiwan: U.S. Weapons Can Stave Off Threat,”New York Times, April 25, 2001.
    710“Weapons for Taiwan,”New York Times, April 19, 2001.
    711“Bush Defers Taiwan's Request for High-Tech Destroyers,”http://archives.cnn.com/2001/ALLPOLITICS/04/23/bush.taiwan.03/index.html David E. Sanger,“Bush is Offering Taiwan Some Arms, But Not the Best,”New York Times, April 24, 2001.
    712 David E. Sanger and Eric Schmitt,“U.S. May Withhold Main Radar Item on Taiwan’s List,”New York Times, April 18, 2001.
    713 Roscoe Bartlett and Bob Schaffer,“Letter to President Bush: Urging Him to Approve the Sale of Aegis Destroyers to Taiwan,”http://johnshadegg.house.gov/rsc/defarchives.htm.
    714《张援远:售台神盾后果为“毁灭性的冲击”》,military.china.com/zh_cn/news/568/2001042.
    715《张援远:售台神盾后果为“毁灭性的冲击”》,http://military.china.com/zh_cn/news/568/20010421/167917.html.
    716《美对台军售,中国已构想报复方法》,military.china.com/zh_cn/news/568/2001042.
    717《外媒:美若售台神盾舰两岸开战》,http://military.china.com/zh_cn/news/568/20010423/168257.html.
    718《中国驻美大使馆就美对台军售提出严厉警告》,www.smth.edu.cn/bbsanc.php?path=/groups/s.
    719“Remarks on National Panks Week and National Volunteer Week and An Exchange with Reprt,”Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents, April 23, 2001, OFR, 2001, p.655.
    720“Weapons the United States will Sell Taiwan,”Associated Press, April 23, 2001, http://taiwansecurity . org /AP/2001/AP-042301.htm.
    721《美对台军售创40亿新高,赚取中国人钱财制造中国人不和》,http://pdf.sznews.com/hkcd/2001/0425/newsfile/n52-1.htm.
    722 Gary Schmitt & Thomas Donnelly,“Arms and Taiwan: Our Interests Lie With Theirs,”The Washington Post April 23, 2000.
    723《发言人就即将举行的美台军售会议发表谈话》,http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/chn/xwfw/fyrth/1056/t3964.htm
    724 John King,“U.S. Official: Taiwan Arms Sale Will Address Imbalance,”CNN, April 23, 2001. http://edition.cnn.com/2001/ALLPOLITICS/04/23/bush.taiwan.04/index.html=1
    725“US Says Arms Package Influenced by China Missiles”, Wall Street Journal, April 24, 2001.
    726 Dana Milbank and Mike Allen,“Bush to Drop Annual Review of Weapons Sales to Taiwan,”Washington Post, April 25, 2001.
    727 Erik Eckholm,“China Expresses Concern Over Arms Sale to Taiwan,”New York Times, April 25, 2001.
    728 Kelly Wallace,“China Registers Diplomatic Protest to U.S.,”http://edition.cnn.com/2001/ALLPOLITICS/04/25/bush.taiwan.01
    729“US Says Arms Package Influenced by China Missiles”, Wall Street Journal, April 24, 2001.
    730任毓骏:布什政府对台军售有变本加厉之势,http://www.cctv.com/news/world/20010426/292.html.
    731 Miles A. Pomper and Pat Towell,“Democrats Decry Lack of Consultation, But Both Parties Praise Judiciousness of Arms Sales,”Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report, CQ , April 28, 2001.
    732任毓骏:布什政府对台军售有变本加厉之势,http://www.cctv.com/news/world/20010426/292.html.
    733“Getting It Right on Taiwan,”New York Times, April 25, 2001.
    734“China Has 'Serious Soncerns' about U.S. Arms for Taiwan,”http://edition.cnn.com/2001/ALLPOLITICS/04/24/bush.taiwan
    735 Mark Landler,“People in Streets of Taiwan Are Underwhelmed by It All,”New York Times, April 25, 2001.
    736 Jon Dougherty,“Brass in Taipei Object to Kidd Purchase,”http://www.worldnetdaily.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=22598
    737 Mark Landler,“People in Streets of Taiwan Are Underwhelmed by It All,”New York Times,April 25, 2001
    738 Jim Mann,“U.S. Promised Subs to Taiwan It Doesn’t Have,”Los Angels Times, July 15, 2001.
    750 George Bush, All the Best, My Life in Letters and Other Writings, New York : Touchstone, 2000, pp.226-227.
    751 Wendell Minnick,“U.S. Freezes $12B in Arms Sales to Taiwan,”Defense News, June 9, 2008. Glenn Kessler,“Top U.S. Officials Stalling Taiwan Arms Package,”Washington Post, June 12, 2008.
    752 Wendell Minnick,“U.S. Freezes $12B in Arms Sales to Taiwan,”Defense News, June 9, 2008.
    757《美冻结军售?马:没这回事》,《台湾时报》,2008年7月12日。
    758《基廷证实美暂停对台军售强调无碍协防台湾》,http://www.stnn.cc/america/200807/t20080717_814489.html
    759“U.S. Policy on Arms Sales to Taiwan Unchanged,”Defense News, July 19, 2008.
    760《港澳情势周报》,第101期(2008.0730-0805),http://www.fhkma.org.tw/resource/paper/101.doc
    761 Dan Blumenthal, et,“Bush Should Keep His Word on Taiwan,”Wall Street Journal, July 19, 2008.
    762《港澳情势周报》,第101期(2008.0730-0805),http://www.fhkma.org.tw/resource/paper/101.doc
    763这里所谓的7项军购案,指的是“阿帕奇”武装直升机、反坦克导弹、“爱国者-3”导弹、潜艇先期规划案、预警机升级计划、“鱼叉”导弹及“黑鹰”直升机,但不包括台空军梦寐以求的F-16C/D战机(考虑到2006-2007美国三次拒绝售台F-16C/D型战斗机,2008年台湾当局干脆没有申购该项目)。
    764《台港澳情况》,2000年第18期,第43页。
    765Thom Shanker,“Arms Deal to Taiwan Riles China”, New York Times, October 4, 2008.
    766“Congress Pressing US on Taiwan Arms,”Associated Press (Washington) April 13, 2001, http://taiwansecurity. org/AP/2001/AP-041301.htm.
    767 Bonnie Glaser,“U.S.-China Relations: Bilateral Stability, but Challenges on China’s Borders,”http://www.csis.org/media/csis/pubs/0801qus_china.pdf.
    768 Office of the Secretary of Defense,“Annual Report to Congress, Military Power of the People’s Republic of China 2008,”http://asiaing.com/military-power-of-the-people-s-republic-of-china-2008.html.
    769“Barack Obama - Council on Foreign Relations,”http://www.cfr.org/bios/11603/barack_obama.html
    770《美国参议员,麦凯恩》,http://tw.myblog.yahoo.com/jkt921/article?mid=438
    771John McCain,“An Enduring Peace Built on Freedom Securing America's Future,”Foreign Affairs, November/December, 2007.
    772“Obama Statement Congratulating Taiwanese President-Elect Ma Ying-Jeou,”http://www.barackobama.com/2008/03/22/statement_congratulating_taiwa.php
    773《美国参议员约翰,麦凯恩》,http://tw.myblog.yahoo.com/jkt921/article?mid=438
    774《美国参议员约翰,麦凯恩》,http:// tw.myblog.yahoo.com/jkt921/article?mid=438.
    775《美国参议员约翰,麦凯恩》,http://tw.myblog.yahoo.com/jkt921/article?mid=438.
    776 Statement By John McCain On The Presidential Election In Taiwan, http://www.johnmccain.com/informing/news/PressReleases/3884de58-2b05-4fe0-b1bc-3463b8d9851f.htm
    777《美国忧两岸关系“过热”,借军售“敲打”马英九?》,http://www.chinanews.com.cn/tw/gjgc/news/2008/07
    778康子仁:《军购九月未过,将受美国总统大选牵动》,http://www.stnn.cc/taiwan_forum/200807/t20080731_838786.html
    779《马英九主张尽量开放小三通,反对台湾发展核武器》,http://www.ce.cn/xwzx/gnsz/gdxw/200706/19/t20070
    780《马英九提不统、不独、不武政策下追求台海和平》,http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/hqzg/2007-11/22/con
    781《马英九提安全政见:采守势防务,不发展攻击性武器》,http://tw.people.com.cn/GB/14812/14875/6930973.html
    782《马谢辩论,谢:采购防卫性武器;马:续向美军购》,http://news.ifeng.com/taiwan/1/200803/0309351432380.shtml
    783《台湾马英九:两岸统一此生无望》,http:// chinese.wsj.com/gb/20080516/BCH023085.asp
    784萧师言:《强化台美关系,采购必要的防卫性武器》,http://www.cdns.com.tw/20080521/news/zyxw/733240
    785《马英九:台会与美国维系关系,编"合理"防务预算》,http://www.chinanews.com.cn/tw/twyw/news/2008/06
    786《马英九首度主持台五所军事院校联合毕业典礼》,http://www.chinatv01.com/?action-viewnews-itemid-16362
    787张文生:《马英九军事政策的新特点》,http://blog.china.com.cn/sp1/zhangwensheng/210113287711.shtml.
    788 Bonnie Glaser,“U.S.-China Relations: Bilateral Stability, but Challenges on China’s Borders,”http://www.csis.org/media/csis/pubs/0801qus_china.pdf.
    789“China-US Hotline could Stay Cool,”http://www.janes.com/news/security/countryrisk/jid/jid080501_2_n.shtml
    790 Wendell Minnick,“China Threatens U.S. Defense Contractors Over Taiwan,”Defense News, May 12, 2008.
    791 Wendell Minnick,“$12B in Taiwan Arms Deals Suspended for Talks,”Defense News, June 16, 2008.
    792 Wendell Minnick,“China Wields New Diplomatic Skills Against Taiwan,”Defense News, July 7, 2008.布莱尔表示台湾要想与北京谈判成功,就必须保持强大军力。他表示,随着中美关系不断改善,华盛顿出现一种趋向,认为不要对台售武以免挑衅中国。他说:“我们必须作出调整,走在他们的外交前面。”
    793 Wendell Minnick,“China Wields New Diplomatic Skills against Taiwan,”Defense News, July 7, 2008.
    794 Wendell Minnick,“China Threatens U.S. Defense Contractors Over Taiwan,”Defense News, May 12, 2008
    795 Wendell Minnick,“China Threatens U.S. Defense Contractors Over Taiwan,”Defense News, May 12, 2008
    796林淑玲:《专访黄光国:马无定见,军购让美予取予求》,http://www.eulam.com/html/200807/29/95743.html
    
    797《中美俄三国学者看美台军售》,http://www.kanwa.com/free/2001/04/c4024c.htm.
    798《中美关系不能简化为竞争对手战略伙伴》,http://news.sina.com.cn/o/2004-12-24/00184610834
    799《中美俄三国学者看美台军售》,http://www.kanwa.com/free/2001/04/c4024c.htm.
    800《中美俄三国学者看美台军售》,http://www.kanwa.com/free/2001/04/c4024c.htm.
    801《一国两制重要文献选编》,中央文献出版社,1997年,第31页。
    802温家宝:《关于社会主义初级阶段的历史任务和我国对外政策的几个问题》, http://www.southcn.com/nflr/ldjh/200702270241.htm.
    803 [美]理查德·尼克松著,庸安等译:《透视新世界》,言实出版社,2001年版,第76页。
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    3.Andrew J.Pierre, Arms Transfers and America Foreign Policy, New York University Press, 1977.
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    29.Henry A. Kissinger, White House Years, Boston, MA: Little, Brown and Co., 1979.
    30.Herbert Wulf edited., Arms Industry Limited, Solna, Sweden: sipri ; New York: OxfordUniversity Press, 1993.
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    32.Michael H. Hunt, Ideology and U.S. Foreign Policy, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1987.
    33.James A. Nathan, Foreign Policy Making and the American Political System, Boston: Little, Brown, 1983.
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    1.Adam Bryant,“Companies Expect Benefits From U.S.-China Trade Pact,”New York Times, October 12, 1992.
    2.Ajay Singh and Laurence Eyton,“Feared Nerves in Taiwan: Despite Promises, Taipei Fears A U.S. Shift,”Asia Week, July 10, 1999.
    3.Alan M. Wachman,“Challenge and Opportunities in the Taiwan Strait: Defining America’s Role,”July 14-16, 2000.
    4.Alison Mitchell,“Collision with China: Capital Hill; Anti-China Coalition in Congress Is Emboldened,”New York Times, April 5, 2001.
    5.Andrew B. Brick,“In a Changed World, China Has to Get the Democratic Message,”International Herald Tribune, December 2, 1992.
    6.Andrea Koppel,“Interview with China's Vice-premier Qian Qichen,”http://archives.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/asiapcf/east/03/23/china.qian.koppel.transcript
    7.Andrew Rosenthal,“Jet Sale to Saudis Approved by Bush, Saving Jobs in U.S,”New York Times, September 12, 1992.
    8.Barbar Opall,“U.S. Tries Sway Taiwan from French Fighter Buy,”Defense News, October 19, 1992.
    9.Barbara Starr,“F-16 Sale Justified by‘Discrepancy,’”Jane’s Defence Weekly, September 12, 1992.
    10.Barbara Star and John Botman,“US Reconsiders F-16 Sale Ban,”Jane’s Defence Weekly, August 8, 1992.
    11.Bernard Gwertzman,“Haig Meets with China Officials to Discuss Arms Sales to Taiwan,”New York Times, April 6, 1982.
    12.“Bentsen Urges OK of F-16 Jet Fighter Sales to Taiwan,”Los Angeles Times, August 23, 1992.
    13.Bill Gertz,“Senate Report Urges Arms for Taiwan,”Washington Times, March 13, 2001.
    14.Bonnie Glaser,“U.S.-China Relations: Bilateral Stability, but Challenges on China’s Borders,”http://www.csis.org/media/csis/pubs/0801qus_china.pdf.
    15.“Bush Approves Sale of F-16s,”China Post, September 3, 1992.
    16.“China Warns US Trade is Jeopardizes by Sale of Military Aircraft to Taiwan,”Japan Times, September 9, 1992.
    17.Christopher Marquis,“G.O.P. Criticizes White House on Aid for Taiwan,”New York Times, April 19, 2000
    18.“Congress Should Defer F-15, F-16 Decisions,”Arms Sales Monitor, No.17, September 1992.
    19.Craig S. Smith,“Visiting Chinese to Urge Bush Not to Sell Arms to Taiwan,”New York Times, March 12, 2001.
    20.Dan Blumenthal, et,“Bush Should Keep His Word on Taiwan,”Wall Street Journal, July 19, 2008.
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    23.David E. Sanger,“Collision with China: The Overview; U.S. Shies Away From Threats In Plane Standoff with China,”New York Times, April 10, 2001.
    24.David E. Sanger,“Bush Is Offering Taiwan Some Arms But Not the Best,”New York Times, April 24, 2001.
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    32.Don Oberdorfer,“Advisers Failed to Soften Reagan’s Taiwan Stand,”Washington Post. August 20, 1980.
    33.Don Oberdorfer and David Hoffman,“Scowcroft Warned China of New Hill Sanctions; U.S. Emissiaries Stressed Need for Action by Beijing, Sources Say,”Washington Post, December 15, 1989.
    34.Don Oberdorfer,“1982 Arms Policy with China Victim of Bush Campaign, Texas Lobbying,”Washington Post, September 4, 1992.
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    37.Eric Eckholm and Steven Lee Myers,“Taiwan Asks U.S. to Let It Obtain Top- Fight Arms,”New York Times, March 1, 2000.
    38.Erick Guyot and Jason Dean,“As U.S.-China Standoff Simmers,Taiwan Backers Push Their Cause,”Wall Street Journal, April 11, 2001.
    39.Eric Schmitt,“Arms Makers' Latest Tune:‘Over Here, Over There’,”New York Times, October 4, 1992.
    40.Eric Schmitt,“Jet Sales to Saudis and Taiwan Weighted,”New York Times, August 25, 1992.
    41.Glenn Kessler,“Top U.S. Officials Stalling Taiwan Arms Package,”Washington Post, June 12, 2008
    42.Gerald F. Seib,“Taiwan Tussle: Bush's China Test Is About to Begin,”Wall Street Journal, Mar 21, 2001.
    43.“Getting It Right on Taiwan,”New York Times, April 25, 2001.
    44.Goldstein and Schriver,“An Uncertain Relationship: The United States, Taiwan ,and the Taiwan Relations Act,”China Quarterly, March 2001.
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    46.Greg Jaffe,“U.S. Navy, Industry Push Aegis Radar for Taipei --- Lobbying Is Complicating Hard Political Decisions White House Must Make,”Wall Street Journal, Mar 21, 2001.
    47.Greg Jaffe and Charles Hutzler,“Plane Talk: As China Tension Rises, Bush Faces Wide Divide Over Policy Inside GOP,”Wall Street Journal, April 4, 2001.
    48.Greg Jaffe and Charles Hutzler,“U.S. Weapons Sales to Taiwan Turn into Politics-Driven Debate,”Mar 13, 2001, http://www.nautilus.org/archives/napsnet/dr/0103/MAR14.html.
    49.Harlan W. Jencks,“F-16s to Taiwan: Proliferation Implications,”http://www.nti.org/db/archives/msl/mm/jencks.htm.
    50.Hedrick Smith,“U.S. is Said to Adopt a Taiwan Arms Compromise,”New York Times, July 31, 1982.
    51.Henry Scott Stokes,“Taiwan’s Premier Hopes Reagan Will Send New Arms,”New York Times, January 25, 1981.
    52.Jackie Koszczuk,“Lawmakers Urging Bush to Approve Sale of F-16 to Taiwan,”Fort Worth Star-Telegram, August 19,1992.
    53.James Lilley,“A Formula for China-Taiwan Relations,”Asian Wall Street Journal, September 6, 1991.
    54.James McGregor,“Beijing’s Reliance on US Limits Response to Jet Sale,”Asia Wall Street Journal (Eeekly Edition), Septemper 14, 1992.
    55.James Mann,“Clinton 1st to OK China,Taiwan 3‘No’s’,”Los Angeles Times, July 8, 1998.
    56.James Mann,“Next Step:Taiwan to U.S.—We’re Back,”Los Angles Times, July 28, 1992.
    57.Janice Castro,“This Sale Is a Mirage,”Times, July 13, 1992.
    58.Jane Perlez,“White House Reveals Plans For New Taiwan Arms Sale,”New York Times, March 17, 2001.
    59.Jesse Helms.“Engagement' With China Doesn't Work. Now What?”Wall Street Journal, July 8, 1999.
    60.Jim Hoagland,“Now for an Honest Look at China,”Washington Post, May 13, 1999.
    61.Jim Mann,“Dole Riled, Could Sink U.S. China Policy,”Los Angeles Times, September 23, 1992.
    62.Jim Mann,“Targeting Taiwan for Arms Deals,”Los Angeles Times, March 14, 1992.
    63.Jim Mann,“U.S. Promised Subs to Taiwan It Doesn’t Have,”Los Angels Times, July 15, 2001.
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    66.John McCain,“An Enduring Peace Built on Freedom Securing America's Future,”Foreign Affairs, November/December,2007.
    67.John P. McClaran, U.S. Arms Sales to Taiwan: Implications for the Future of the Sino-U.S. Re;ationship, Asia Survey, Vol. 40, N..4.(July-August., 2000).
    68.John Pomfret,“Beijing Alarmed by U.S. Ties With Neighbors,”Washington Post, June 11, 1999.
    69.John Pomfret, "China Lobbies to Block an Arms Sale to Taiwan," Washington Post, 3 March 2001.
    70.John Pomfret and Philip P. Pan,“U.S. Sharply expands military ties with Taiwan,”the San Francisco Chronicle, October 30, 2003.
    71.Joseph Kahn,“Collision with China: News Analysis Taiwan Arms Sales and China's W.T.O. Application Will Test a Relationship,”New York Times, April 12, 2001.
    72.Joseph Kahn and Erik Eckholm,“Senate Republicans Try to Delay Vote on Taiwan Security Bill,”New York Times, April 28, 2000
    73.Julian Baum and others,“The Crying Game,”Far Easter Economic Review, July 16, 1998, p.16.
    74.Kenneth Lieberthal,“U.S. Policy Toward China,”Brookings Policy Brief Series, No.72, March, 2001.
    75.Laurence Zuckerman,“Taipei May Get Pick of U.S. or French Fighters: From Beggar to Chooser,”International Herald Tribune, Monday, August 10, 1992.
    76.Lena H.Sun and Stuart Auerbach,“New Bush Policies Anger China, Trade Partners,”Washington Post, September 4, 1992.
    77.Leslie H. Gelb,“Foreign Affairs; Mr. Bush, Statesman . . .,”New York Times, September 24, 1992.
    78.Leslie H. Gelb,“Foreign Affairs; No National Interest,”New York Times,October 18, 1992
    79.Marclacey and David E. Sanger, First Meeting: China Testing Firmer Way of Bush Team, New York Times, March 23, 2001.
    80.Mark Landler,“People in Streets of Taiwan Are Underwhelmed by It All,”New York Times, April 25, 2001.
    81.Mark Tran,“US-Taiwan Arms Deal Takes Middle Ground,”Guardian Unlimited, Tuesday April 24, 2001.
    82.Martin Kettle,“US Blocks Sale of Hi-Tech Warships to Taiwan,”Guardian Unlimited, Tuesday April 24, 2001.
    83.Michel Oksenberg,“A Decade of Sino-American Relations,”Foreign Affairs, 61, No.1 (Fall 1982).
    84.Michel Oksenberg,“The China Problem,”Foreign Affairs, Summer 1991, Vol.70, No.3.
    85.Michael Richardson,“Taiwan May Turn to Israel for Warplanes,”International Herald Tribune, May 18, 1992.
    86.Michael R. Gordon,“Breathing Room for Taiwan: U.S. Weapons Can Stave Off Threat,”NewYork Times, April 25, 2001.
    87.Michael R.Gordon,“Moscow Is Selling Weapons to China,”New York Times, October 18, 1992.
    88.Michael R.Gorden,“Secret U.S. Study Concludes Taiwan Needs New Arms,”New York Times, January 13, 2001.
    89.Michael Richardson,“F-16 Sale to Taiwan 'A 2-Edged Sword,'”International Herald Tribune, September 4, 1992.
    90.Michael Weisskopf,“Chinese Indicate Softening on Question of Weapons Sale to Taiwan,”Washington Post, June 10, 1981.
    91.Michael Wine,“The 1992 Campaign: The Republicans,”New York Times, September 3, 1992.
    92.Michael Y. M. Kau,“U.S. Visit Fits the Realities of Taiwan,”International Herald Tribune, June 10, 1995.
    93.“Mr. Bush Sells Out Arms Control,”New York Times, September 29, 1992.
    94.Narvin Stone,“Defense Dollars Save Many a City,”U.S. News & World Report, May 10,1982.
    95.Nicholas Kristof,“Stung by Sale of Jets to Taiwan, China Tells France to Close Office,”New York Times, December 24, 1992.
    96.Owen Harris,“The Anti-China Syndrome,”National Review, May 1997.
    97.Paul Malamud,“US Aircraft Sale to Taiwan for Defensive Purposes,”http://www.fas.org/news/taiwan/1992/920909-taiwan-usia.htm
    98.Richard Bush,“Clinton and China: scenarios for the future,”The China Business Review, January-February, 1993.
    99.Richard Halloran,“U.S won’t Let Pecking Deter Jet Sale,”New York Times, January 10,1982.
    100.Richard Holbrooke,“A Crisis with China Must be Avoided,”New York Times, January 10,1982.
    101.Robert G. Kaiser and Steven Mufson,“White House Opposes Bill on Taiwan, Business Lobbyists Join Bid to Stop Security Measure That Could Anger China,”Washington Post, Oct. 3, 1999.
    102.Robert G. Torricelli,“Sending a signal by Aegis,”Washington Times, April 8, 2001.
    103.Roscoe Bartlett and Bob Schaffer,“Letter to President Bush: Urging Him to Approve the Sale of Aegis Destroyers to Taiwan,”http://johnshadegg.house.gov/rsc/defarchives.htm.
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    105.“Senior U.S. Congresswoman Seeks Support for Taiwan Srms Sales,”China Post, July 25, 2008.
    106.Sheryl Wudunn,“China Frets as U.S. Mulls Taiwan Jet-Fighter Deal,”New York Times,August 30, 1992.
    107.Sheryl Wudunn,“Chinese Dissident Freed from Prison,”New York Times, November 26, 1992.
    108.Steven Mufson,“'Strategic Partnership' Takes a Hit,”Washington Post, May. 11, 1999.
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    11o.Steven M. Goldstein,“Randall Schriver, An Unique Relationship: The United States, Taiwan and the Taiwan Relations,”China Quarterly, March 2001.
    111.Stuart Auerbach,“Franklin Defends Costly Trip to China; U.S. Business Benefits, Commerce Secretary Says,”Washington Post, December 23, 1992.
    112.Susan V. Lawrence,“China’s Fury,”Far Eastern Economic Review, May 18, 2000.
    113.“Suggesting‘Decisive Battle Outside the Territory’: Abstract of President Chen’s Address at Army Academy,”Taiwan Defense Affairs, Vol. 1, No. 1(October 2000)
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    127.“US Says Arms Package Influenced by China Missiles,”Wall Street Journal, April 24, 2001.
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    25.[美]孔华润著,张静尔译:《美国对中国的反应——中美关系的历史剖析》,复旦大学出版社,1980年。
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    2.http://www.gpoaccess.gov/index.html
    3.http://www.access.gpo.gov/congress/senate.
    4.http://www.house.gov/pelosi/fltaisea.htm.
    5. http://www.yhoo.com
    6.http://www.defenselink.mil
    7.http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ho/frus
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    9.http://www.washtimes.com
    10.http://www.washingtonpost.com
    11.http://online.wsj.com/public/us
    12.http://www.defensenews.com
    13.http://www.feer.com
    14.http://www.janes.com
    15.http://www.latimes.com
    16.http://www.chinapost.com.tw/guidepost
    17.http://www.iht.com
    18.http://www.taipeitimes.com
    19.http://taiwansecurity.org
    20.http://www.cnn.com

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