祁雨沟角砾岩型金矿蚀变类型及其形成的动力学过程
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摘要
对豫西熊耳山地区祁雨沟金矿床区几个主要含金角砾岩筒开展了角砾岩岩相学、结构构造和含矿性研究,将含矿角砾岩分为三类:1)锯齿状—网脉状构造角砾岩,角砾可拼贴性强,角砾之间没有很大的位移;2)角砾和基质支撑构造的角砾岩,角砾之间基质由岩粉、小角砾和热液蚀变物组成的,角砾之间有一定程度的位移;3)流体化构造的角砾岩,角砾呈圆状、半圆状,成分混杂,角砾位移大。这些角砾岩构造的形成与流体化作用具有—致性。祁雨沟含金角砾岩的形成经历了膨胀、气泡聚集、节涌、沟流和喷涌等流体化作用过程。膨胀和气泡聚集、节涌等流体化作用分别形成了锯齿状网脉状角砾岩和角砾支撑角砾岩。
通过野外地质、岩相学、拉曼光谱和电子探针分析,在祁雨沟2号和4号含金角砾岩筒中首次发现了冰长石—方解石蚀变矿物组合。含金角砾岩筒成矿作用分为两期,面状矿化和脉状矿化。面状矿化的蚀变早期为阳起石、绿色黑云母、绿帘石和绿泥石化和少量的绢云母化,晚期为冰长石、碳酸盐化。脉状矿化蚀变为硅化、绢云母化和少量的碳酸盐化。对角砾岩筒的蚀变与成矿作用关系研究,认为冰长石—方解石蚀变与含金角砾岩金成矿作用是同期,从而确定祁雨沟含金角砾岩筒是一个典型的低硫型浅成低温热液型金矿床。同时这一蚀变组合也代表了祁雨沟含金角砾岩筒形成温度低于320℃,深度小于1500米的沸腾带。
在空间上,冰长石—方解石蚀变通常发育于流体化节涌作用形成的减压振动角砾岩、角砾支撑角砾岩等上方附近的空隙中,并与细脉浸染状、网脉状矿化伴生。绿色黑云母化+绿帘石化+绿泥石化蚀变通常位于上述角砾岩的下部,或穿切角砾岩的裂隙中,或发育于流体化构造的角砾岩中,与浸染状矿化伴生。冰长石—方解石组合形成于近中性流体沸腾条件下。减压振动角砾岩则是代表了流体化中流体聚集与膨胀、到节涌过程中流体突然减压的过程。突然减压是触发流体沸腾有效机制。这种蚀变、减压振动角砾岩空间分布特征,反映了冰长石—方解石蚀变组合是流体化的膨胀到节涌过程的必然产物。
最后,根据同位素年龄数据、本区构造和花岗质岩石演化特征、斑岩型Mo矿和角砾岩型金矿床等特征,建立了本区136Ma—105Ma期间的斑岩型Mo矿—角砾岩型金矿的岩浆热液系统的演化模式。
Field, petrographic work, microscope observations carried out on samples from the Qiyugou Au-bearing breccia pipes. Evidences from macro- and micro-textures suggest that the style of breccias in the area can be grouped into three types: 1) Type 1 with jigsaw fit - stockwork texture, in which the interval between clasts is marked by fractures or filled with calcite or quartz vein;in this type a little movement is observed between the clasts;2) Type 2 with that the larger breccias are supported by smaller breccias, rock flour and alteration materials;in this type clasts moved for a distinguishable distance, creating open spaces;3) Type 3 with fluidized texture: here the clasts are of different lithologies have rounded shapes and lesser domino texture. The large distant movement is observed between clasts. Gold mineralization occurs as disseminations, in stockwork veins, openspace infills. The ore zones form subparallel sheets that are nearly perpendicular to the walls of the pipes. These observations are consistent with those resulting from experiments on fluidization processes reported in the literature. These results strongly suggest that fluidization is an important geological process in formation of the Qiyugou Au-bearing breccia pipes and gold mineralization. Processes of expandion, bubbling, slugging, channeling and spouting of fluidization must have contributed to the formation in Qiyugou breccia pipes and were conducive to the development of gold mineralization.Based on results obtained from field observations, petrographic analysis, laser Raman microspectroscopy and microprobe analysis carried out on samples from the Au-bearing Qiyugou breccia pipes, new discovery of an adularia-calcite assemblage is recognized in the breccia gold deposit. Two stages of gold mineralization in the breccia pipes, pervasive and vein, are distinguished. The pervasive alteration of actionlite, green biote, epidote, chlorite and minor sericite in early replace the breccias and rock flour, and follow sequence of adularia and calcite filling the openspace. Vein ores associated with quartz, sericite, and minor calcite alteration occurs in NE-trending fault that cut pervasive ores. These results suggest that adularia-calcite alteration is paragenetic with gold mineralization. And New discovery of
adularia-calcite assemblage in the area suggest that the Qiyugou pipes are of low-sulphidation epithermal in nature This assemblage of adularia-calcite is also indicative of boiling zone within the level of lower temperature than 320°C, <1500m in depth for the formation of Qiyugou Au-bearing breccia pipes.The adularia-calcite assemblage is commonly located above the decompressive shock and clast - surpport breccias in spatial. The biotite + epidote alteration is predominated below the decopressive shock and clast - surpport breccias. The adularia-calcite with chlorite alteration forms in boiling condition of near-neutral hydrothermal. The decompressive shock breccia is representative of the hydrostatic process of abruptly lowing pressure during fluidization from expanding, bubbling to slugging. The abruptly lowing pressure is an effective mechanism for boiling. Therefore, this characteristics reflect the assemblage of adularia-calcite is an inevitable product of the fluidization process from expanding, bubbling to slugging.Lastly, a historic and genetic model of the Qiyugou Au-bearing breccia pipes and link with the porphyry Leimengou Mo deposit are proposed on the basis of the age data of granitoid, breccia pipe and mineralization events in the area.
通过野外地质、岩相学、拉曼光谱和电子探针分析,在祁雨沟2号和4号含金角砾岩筒中首次发现了冰长石—方解石蚀变矿物组合。含金角砾岩筒成矿作用分为两期,面状矿化和脉状矿化。面状矿化的蚀变早期为阳起石、绿色黑云母、绿帘石和绿泥石化和少量的绢云母化,晚期为冰长石、碳酸盐化。脉状矿化蚀变为硅化、绢云母化和少量的碳酸盐化。对角砾岩筒的蚀变与成矿作用关系研究,认为冰长石—方解石蚀变与含金角砾岩金成矿作用是同期,从而确定祁雨沟含金角砾岩筒是一个典型的低硫型浅成低温热液型金矿床。同时这一蚀变组合也代表了祁雨沟含金角砾岩筒形成温度低于320℃,深度小于1500米的沸腾带。
在空间上,冰长石—方解石蚀变通常发育于流体化节涌作用形成的减压振动角砾岩、角砾支撑角砾岩等上方附近的空隙中,并与细脉浸染状、网脉状矿化伴生。绿色黑云母化+绿帘石化+绿泥石化蚀变通常位于上述角砾岩的下部,或穿切角砾岩的裂隙中,或发育于流体化构造的角砾岩中,与浸染状矿化伴生。冰长石—方解石组合形成于近中性流体沸腾条件下。减压振动角砾岩则是代表了流体化中流体聚集与膨胀、到节涌过程中流体突然减压的过程。突然减压是触发流体沸腾有效机制。这种蚀变、减压振动角砾岩空间分布特征,反映了冰长石—方解石蚀变组合是流体化的膨胀到节涌过程的必然产物。
最后,根据同位素年龄数据、本区构造和花岗质岩石演化特征、斑岩型Mo矿和角砾岩型金矿床等特征,建立了本区136Ma—105Ma期间的斑岩型Mo矿—角砾岩型金矿的岩浆热液系统的演化模式。
Field, petrographic work, microscope observations carried out on samples from the Qiyugou Au-bearing breccia pipes. Evidences from macro- and micro-textures suggest that the style of breccias in the area can be grouped into three types: 1) Type 1 with jigsaw fit - stockwork texture, in which the interval between clasts is marked by fractures or filled with calcite or quartz vein;in this type a little movement is observed between the clasts;2) Type 2 with that the larger breccias are supported by smaller breccias, rock flour and alteration materials;in this type clasts moved for a distinguishable distance, creating open spaces;3) Type 3 with fluidized texture: here the clasts are of different lithologies have rounded shapes and lesser domino texture. The large distant movement is observed between clasts. Gold mineralization occurs as disseminations, in stockwork veins, openspace infills. The ore zones form subparallel sheets that are nearly perpendicular to the walls of the pipes. These observations are consistent with those resulting from experiments on fluidization processes reported in the literature. These results strongly suggest that fluidization is an important geological process in formation of the Qiyugou Au-bearing breccia pipes and gold mineralization. Processes of expandion, bubbling, slugging, channeling and spouting of fluidization must have contributed to the formation in Qiyugou breccia pipes and were conducive to the development of gold mineralization.Based on results obtained from field observations, petrographic analysis, laser Raman microspectroscopy and microprobe analysis carried out on samples from the Au-bearing Qiyugou breccia pipes, new discovery of an adularia-calcite assemblage is recognized in the breccia gold deposit. Two stages of gold mineralization in the breccia pipes, pervasive and vein, are distinguished. The pervasive alteration of actionlite, green biote, epidote, chlorite and minor sericite in early replace the breccias and rock flour, and follow sequence of adularia and calcite filling the openspace. Vein ores associated with quartz, sericite, and minor calcite alteration occurs in NE-trending fault that cut pervasive ores. These results suggest that adularia-calcite alteration is paragenetic with gold mineralization. And New discovery of
adularia-calcite assemblage in the area suggest that the Qiyugou pipes are of low-sulphidation epithermal in nature This assemblage of adularia-calcite is also indicative of boiling zone within the level of lower temperature than 320°C, <1500m in depth for the formation of Qiyugou Au-bearing breccia pipes.The adularia-calcite assemblage is commonly located above the decompressive shock and clast - surpport breccias in spatial. The biotite + epidote alteration is predominated below the decopressive shock and clast - surpport breccias. The adularia-calcite with chlorite alteration forms in boiling condition of near-neutral hydrothermal. The decompressive shock breccia is representative of the hydrostatic process of abruptly lowing pressure during fluidization from expanding, bubbling to slugging. The abruptly lowing pressure is an effective mechanism for boiling. Therefore, this characteristics reflect the assemblage of adularia-calcite is an inevitable product of the fluidization process from expanding, bubbling to slugging.Lastly, a historic and genetic model of the Qiyugou Au-bearing breccia pipes and link with the porphyry Leimengou Mo deposit are proposed on the basis of the age data of granitoid, breccia pipe and mineralization events in the area.
引文
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