武汉市建筑工人艾滋病健康教育干预评价
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摘要
目的本研究是在了解武汉市部分建筑工人艾滋病知识、态度和行为现况的前提下,对该人群采取系列的艾滋病健康教育干预措施,并对教育效果进行评价,旨在探索建筑工人群体艾滋病健康教育干预的有效方法,为将来从事相关工作积累经验。
方法采取整群随机抽样的方法,并结合自愿的原则,在武汉市抽取了三个建筑工地相对固定的360名建筑工人作为本研究的干预对象。采用自制的问卷分别进行干预前后的问卷调查,获取2008年10月～2009年4月间建筑工人艾滋病相关知识、态度、行为状况的变化情况;在此期间,我们对该群体采用面对面宣教(发放宣教手册、展出宣教图板、举办知识讲座、观看宣教录像及举行知识竞赛五种手段)和同伴教育等方式进行健康教育干预。回收问卷统一运用Epidata 3.0建立数据库,并采用SPSS11.5软件,进行描述性统计、卡方检验和相关回归分析。
结果本次调查获得有效问卷360份,有效绩效问卷254份。建筑工人平均年龄36.2岁,初中及以下文化占71.1%,已婚占76.11%。在艾滋病知识方面,建筑工人UNAIDS推荐核心指标知晓率从干预前的6.94%提高到了干预后的33.1,提高了26.1%;三条传播途径全知率由干预前的50.7%提高到了干预后的63.8%,提高了13.1%。态度方面,认为“应该关心和帮助艾滋病病毒感染者和病人”由干预前的55.2上升到干预后的71.2%;“您会与HIV感染者或病人交往吗”由干预前的33.5%上升到干预后的55.6%;“想了解预防艾滋病的知识”由干预前的77.5%升到干预后的85.6%。行为方面,“与妻子外女人发生关系时每次使用安全套”从干预前14.3%升到干预后的48.5%“与妻子发生关系时从不使用安全套”从干预前的67.6%下降到51.7%;“与妻外女人发生关系时从不使用安全套”从干预前的37.1%下降到30.3%。建筑工人对艾滋病防治知识的需求类型主要是预防知识、疾病症状和国家政策等;艾滋病知识需求途径依次为电视、报纸杂志、宣传栏/板报和宣传品。建筑工人的文化程度和年龄是影响他们艾滋病相关知识掌握程度的最重要因素;而影响他们使用安全套的主要因素是文化程度和知识得分。
结论干预前建筑工人对艾滋病知识知晓率偏低,态度缺乏理性,且欠缺有效的相关防治行为;通过采用面对面宣教和同伴教育等综合方式进行艾滋病健康教育干预效果较为明显。
Objective This study aims to evaluate knowledge, attitude and behavior of construction workers on AIDS in Wuhan, conducted series of intervention measures for AIDS health education in groups of construction workers and carried out evaluation of the Intervention effectiveness, to find the effective intervention methods for AIDS education and to accumulate experience for related work for construction workers in the future.
Methods Using the approach of cluster random sampling and based on the principle of volunteering, the study selects 360 workers from three construction sites as the subject. We use the self-designed questionnaire to obtain knowledge, attitude and behavior of construction workers about AIDS from October, 2008 to April, 2009 in pre-intervention and post-intervention. During this period of time, the intervention methods takes the form of face-to-face teaching (five different methods including delivering pamphlets, exhibiting poster, organizing lectures and contests, and watching videos) and partner education. The questionnaires collected are made into database through Epidata 3.0. SPSS 11.5 software is used to carry out descriptive analysis, chi-square test and correlation or regression analysis. Results The research collected 360 effective baseline questionnaires and 254 effective performance questionnaires. The workers are aged 36.2 on average. Among them, 71.1% have the education level of or under junior high school and 76.1% are married. In terms of AIDS knowledge, UNAIDS index awareness of the workers has increased from 6.9% to 33.1, improved 26.1%; the awareness of the three infection ways has risen from 50.7% to 63.8%, improved 13.1%. In terms of their attitude, the percentage of those who think“people should care and help HIV infectors and patients”rises from 55.2 to 71.2%; the percentage of those who are“willing to get along with HIV infectors and patients”rises from 33.5% to 55.6%; the percentage of those who want to“know about AIDS prevention measures”rises from 77.5%to 85.6%. In terms of their behavior, the percentage of those who decide to“use condoms every time they have sex with women other than their wives”rises from 14.3 to 48.5% the percentage of those who“never use condoms when they have affairs with women other than their wives”decreases from 37.1% to 30.3%. The demand of AIDS knowledge by the workers can be categorized into prevention knowledge, disease symptom and national policy; the means of obtaining AIDS knowledge are television, newspaper and magazine, bulletin and publicity materials. The education level and age of the workers are the most important factors influencing their knowledge of AIDS, while the major factors influencing theirs use of condoms are their education level and knowledge score.
Conclusion Before the intervention, the construction workers have little knowledge of AIDS, lack rationality in their attitude and have no effective prevention behaviors. By an integrated method of face-to-face teaching and partner teaching, knowledge, attitude and behavior of construction workers on AIDS make improvement.
方法采取整群随机抽样的方法,并结合自愿的原则,在武汉市抽取了三个建筑工地相对固定的360名建筑工人作为本研究的干预对象。采用自制的问卷分别进行干预前后的问卷调查,获取2008年10月～2009年4月间建筑工人艾滋病相关知识、态度、行为状况的变化情况;在此期间,我们对该群体采用面对面宣教(发放宣教手册、展出宣教图板、举办知识讲座、观看宣教录像及举行知识竞赛五种手段)和同伴教育等方式进行健康教育干预。回收问卷统一运用Epidata 3.0建立数据库,并采用SPSS11.5软件,进行描述性统计、卡方检验和相关回归分析。
结果本次调查获得有效问卷360份,有效绩效问卷254份。建筑工人平均年龄36.2岁,初中及以下文化占71.1%,已婚占76.11%。在艾滋病知识方面,建筑工人UNAIDS推荐核心指标知晓率从干预前的6.94%提高到了干预后的33.1,提高了26.1%;三条传播途径全知率由干预前的50.7%提高到了干预后的63.8%,提高了13.1%。态度方面,认为“应该关心和帮助艾滋病病毒感染者和病人”由干预前的55.2上升到干预后的71.2%;“您会与HIV感染者或病人交往吗”由干预前的33.5%上升到干预后的55.6%;“想了解预防艾滋病的知识”由干预前的77.5%升到干预后的85.6%。行为方面,“与妻子外女人发生关系时每次使用安全套”从干预前14.3%升到干预后的48.5%“与妻子发生关系时从不使用安全套”从干预前的67.6%下降到51.7%;“与妻外女人发生关系时从不使用安全套”从干预前的37.1%下降到30.3%。建筑工人对艾滋病防治知识的需求类型主要是预防知识、疾病症状和国家政策等;艾滋病知识需求途径依次为电视、报纸杂志、宣传栏/板报和宣传品。建筑工人的文化程度和年龄是影响他们艾滋病相关知识掌握程度的最重要因素;而影响他们使用安全套的主要因素是文化程度和知识得分。
结论干预前建筑工人对艾滋病知识知晓率偏低,态度缺乏理性,且欠缺有效的相关防治行为;通过采用面对面宣教和同伴教育等综合方式进行艾滋病健康教育干预效果较为明显。
Objective This study aims to evaluate knowledge, attitude and behavior of construction workers on AIDS in Wuhan, conducted series of intervention measures for AIDS health education in groups of construction workers and carried out evaluation of the Intervention effectiveness, to find the effective intervention methods for AIDS education and to accumulate experience for related work for construction workers in the future.
Methods Using the approach of cluster random sampling and based on the principle of volunteering, the study selects 360 workers from three construction sites as the subject. We use the self-designed questionnaire to obtain knowledge, attitude and behavior of construction workers about AIDS from October, 2008 to April, 2009 in pre-intervention and post-intervention. During this period of time, the intervention methods takes the form of face-to-face teaching (five different methods including delivering pamphlets, exhibiting poster, organizing lectures and contests, and watching videos) and partner education. The questionnaires collected are made into database through Epidata 3.0. SPSS 11.5 software is used to carry out descriptive analysis, chi-square test and correlation or regression analysis. Results The research collected 360 effective baseline questionnaires and 254 effective performance questionnaires. The workers are aged 36.2 on average. Among them, 71.1% have the education level of or under junior high school and 76.1% are married. In terms of AIDS knowledge, UNAIDS index awareness of the workers has increased from 6.9% to 33.1, improved 26.1%; the awareness of the three infection ways has risen from 50.7% to 63.8%, improved 13.1%. In terms of their attitude, the percentage of those who think“people should care and help HIV infectors and patients”rises from 55.2 to 71.2%; the percentage of those who are“willing to get along with HIV infectors and patients”rises from 33.5% to 55.6%; the percentage of those who want to“know about AIDS prevention measures”rises from 77.5%to 85.6%. In terms of their behavior, the percentage of those who decide to“use condoms every time they have sex with women other than their wives”rises from 14.3 to 48.5% the percentage of those who“never use condoms when they have affairs with women other than their wives”decreases from 37.1% to 30.3%. The demand of AIDS knowledge by the workers can be categorized into prevention knowledge, disease symptom and national policy; the means of obtaining AIDS knowledge are television, newspaper and magazine, bulletin and publicity materials. The education level and age of the workers are the most important factors influencing their knowledge of AIDS, while the major factors influencing theirs use of condoms are their education level and knowledge score.
Conclusion Before the intervention, the construction workers have little knowledge of AIDS, lack rationality in their attitude and have no effective prevention behaviors. By an integrated method of face-to-face teaching and partner teaching, knowledge, attitude and behavior of construction workers on AIDS make improvement.
引文
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