白光LED用红色荧光粉钼酸盐的制备及发光性质的研究
摘要
自从蓝光发射的GaNLED合成之后,白光LED越来越引起人们的关注。利用GaNLED发出的蓝光和可被蓝光激发的YAG:Ce~(3+)荧光粉发出的黄光合成白光LED。但是这种白光照明系统是由于缺少红光,其显色指数不好。目前另一种实现白光LED的方法是用近紫外光的LED芯片(NUV-LED)和可被近紫外光有效激发而发射红、绿、蓝三基色的荧光粉结合组成白光LED。但目前尚缺少能够被现有的蓝光和紫外光LED芯片有效激发的高效红色荧光粉,因此开发能够被蓝光和紫外光芯片有效激发的红色荧光粉是白光LED发展的关键因素。本论文的主要研究内容如下:
1.采用共沉淀法制备了不同Eu~(3+)离子掺杂浓度的Gd(1-x)2(MoO_4)3:EuX~(3+)(x=0.05,0.1,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8)纳米发光材料,通过对纳米材料样品的X射线衍射谱(XRD),激发光谱和发射光谱的分析。其结果表明样品的相是α相,通过Gd_2(MoO_4)_3:Eu~(3+)样品的激发光谱,能够观测到在激发光谱中,宽带是由Eu~(3+)→O~(2+)和Mo~(6+)→O~(2-)的电荷迁移带组成,其中Eu~(3+)→O~(2+)的电荷迁移带的中心为266nm , Mo~(6+)→O~(2-)的电荷迁移带的中心为290nm。可见区的窄带为Eu~(3+)的吸收峰。在发射光谱中观测到Eu~(3+):5D0→7FJ(J=0~4)的跃迁。Eu~(3+)的最大摻杂浓度为60%,且色度坐标(0.64,0.35)几乎接近国际标准值(x=0.67,0.33)。有此可见,Eu~(3+)掺杂的Gd_2(MoO_4)_3纳米荧光粉有潜力成为高效的近紫外(蓝光)激发白光LED用红色荧光粉材料。
2.采用共沉淀法制备了YMoO_4:Eux~(3+)(x=0.01,0.05,0.07,0.1,0.12,0.15,0.2)荧光粉,通过对纳米材料样品的X射线衍射谱(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)照片的观察分析,对样品的结构和形貌进行了表征,测量了各样品的发射光谱、激发光谱。计算了样品YMoO_4:Eu0.15~(3+)的色坐标为(0.66,0.33)几乎接近国际标准值(0.67,0.33),样品YMoO_4:Eu0.15~(3+)中Eu~(3+)摻杂离子发光的最大浓度为15%。
3.采用共沉淀法制备了不同Sm~(3+)离子掺杂浓度的CaMoO_4:Eu0.1~(3+),Sm~(3+)x(x=0, 0.01,0.02,0.03,0.04,0.05,0.06,0.08)纳米发光材料,通过对纳米材料样品的X射线衍射谱(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)照片的观察分析,对样品的结构和形貌进行了表征,测量了各样品的发射光谱和激发光谱。分别计算了样品CaMoO_4:Eu0.1~(3+)和CaMoO_4:Eu0.1~(3+),Sm~(3+)0.05的色坐标为(0.661,0.329),(0.667,0.328),其结果接近国际标准值(x=0.67,0.33)。样品CaMoO_4:Eu~(3+)中摻杂Sm~(3+)离子发光的最大浓度为5%,对Sm~(3+)离子掺杂的CaMoO_4:Eu~(3+)纳米发光材料的光致发光性质进行了研究。实验结果表明:Sm~(3+)离子的摻杂能够实现Sm~(3+)和Eu~(3+)之间的能量传递,从而增强Eu~(3+)的红光发射。CaMoO_4:Eu0.1~(3+),Sm~(3+)0.05有潜力成为高效的近紫外(蓝光)激发白光LED用红色荧光粉材料。
Since the realization of GaN-based light emitting diodes,more and more attention has been focused on whitelight-emitting LED phosphors. Whitelight-emitting LED with blue light- emitting GaNLED in combination with a yellow phosphor (YAG:Ce~(3+)) result in a poor color rendering. At present, the combination of a near-UV InGaN chip (380-410 nm) with blue, green and red phosphors is another way to generate white light that will yield a high color rendering index and color reproducibility index. Both applications require red-emitting phosphors, but sofar, very limited work involving them has been reported for potential white LED applitions.Therefore, it is an attractive and challenging research task to develop novel, stable, and inorganic RE ions doped red phosphors that can be excited effectively by the near UV or blue LEDs.
1. Novel red phosphors, Gd(1-x)2 (MoO_4)3: EuX~(3+)(x=0.05,0.1,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8)are synthesized through a simple coprecipitation process and characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), and fluorescent spectrophotometry.The result of XRD shows that the resultant samples areаphase. In the excitation spectra of Gd(1-X)2(MoO_4)3:Eu~(3+) phosphors,by monitoring 613 nm, the charge transfer bands(CTB) of Eu~(3+)→O~(2-) and Mo~(6+)→O~(2-) centering at around 266 and 290 nm。The characteristic red emission is also observed,ascribed to the 5D0→7FJ transition of Eu~(3+)ions, The chromaticity coordinates of Gd_2(MoO_4)_3 are (0.64,0.35) which is very close to the NTSC standard values(x=0.67,0.33). The optimal doping concentration of Eu~(3+)ions is 60%. It is considered to be an efficient red-emitting phosphor for near UV-LED(blue) light emitting diode(LED).
2. In this paper, novel Eu~(3+)-doped YMoO_4:Eux~(3+) (x=0.01, 0.05, 0.07, 0.12, 0.15, 0.2) phosphors was prepared by the co-precipitation method. The structure of sample was determined by using XRD spectrum. The emission spectra and the excitation spectra were measured and investigated. The results indicate that it is considered to be efficient red-emitting phosphors for near UV-LED (blue light).
3. Novel red phosphors,CaMoO_4:Eu0.1~(3+),Sm~(3+)x(x=0,0.01,0.02,0.03,0.04,0.05,0.06,0.08)are synthesized through a simple coprecipitation process and characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and fluorescent spectrophotometry. The chromaticity coordinates of CaMoO_4:Eu0.1~(3+)phosphor and CaMoO_4:Eu0.1~(3+),Sm0.05~(3+)phosphor are (0.661,0.329)and (0.667,0.328) ,But CaMoO_4:Eu0.1~(3+),Sm0.05~(3+)(0.667,0.328) phosphor is very close to the NTSC standard values(x=0.67,0.33). The optimal doping concentration of Sm~(3+) ions is 5%。The energy-transfer transition from Sm~(3+) ions to Eu~(3+) ions is demonstrated to enchance emssion of the red light by the result. It is considered to be an efficient red-emitting phosphor for near UV-LED(blue) light emitting diode(LED).
1.采用共沉淀法制备了不同Eu~(3+)离子掺杂浓度的Gd(1-x)2(MoO_4)3:EuX~(3+)(x=0.05,0.1,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8)纳米发光材料,通过对纳米材料样品的X射线衍射谱(XRD),激发光谱和发射光谱的分析。其结果表明样品的相是α相,通过Gd_2(MoO_4)_3:Eu~(3+)样品的激发光谱,能够观测到在激发光谱中,宽带是由Eu~(3+)→O~(2+)和Mo~(6+)→O~(2-)的电荷迁移带组成,其中Eu~(3+)→O~(2+)的电荷迁移带的中心为266nm , Mo~(6+)→O~(2-)的电荷迁移带的中心为290nm。可见区的窄带为Eu~(3+)的吸收峰。在发射光谱中观测到Eu~(3+):5D0→7FJ(J=0~4)的跃迁。Eu~(3+)的最大摻杂浓度为60%,且色度坐标(0.64,0.35)几乎接近国际标准值(x=0.67,0.33)。有此可见,Eu~(3+)掺杂的Gd_2(MoO_4)_3纳米荧光粉有潜力成为高效的近紫外(蓝光)激发白光LED用红色荧光粉材料。
2.采用共沉淀法制备了YMoO_4:Eux~(3+)(x=0.01,0.05,0.07,0.1,0.12,0.15,0.2)荧光粉,通过对纳米材料样品的X射线衍射谱(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)照片的观察分析,对样品的结构和形貌进行了表征,测量了各样品的发射光谱、激发光谱。计算了样品YMoO_4:Eu0.15~(3+)的色坐标为(0.66,0.33)几乎接近国际标准值(0.67,0.33),样品YMoO_4:Eu0.15~(3+)中Eu~(3+)摻杂离子发光的最大浓度为15%。
3.采用共沉淀法制备了不同Sm~(3+)离子掺杂浓度的CaMoO_4:Eu0.1~(3+),Sm~(3+)x(x=0, 0.01,0.02,0.03,0.04,0.05,0.06,0.08)纳米发光材料,通过对纳米材料样品的X射线衍射谱(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)照片的观察分析,对样品的结构和形貌进行了表征,测量了各样品的发射光谱和激发光谱。分别计算了样品CaMoO_4:Eu0.1~(3+)和CaMoO_4:Eu0.1~(3+),Sm~(3+)0.05的色坐标为(0.661,0.329),(0.667,0.328),其结果接近国际标准值(x=0.67,0.33)。样品CaMoO_4:Eu~(3+)中摻杂Sm~(3+)离子发光的最大浓度为5%,对Sm~(3+)离子掺杂的CaMoO_4:Eu~(3+)纳米发光材料的光致发光性质进行了研究。实验结果表明:Sm~(3+)离子的摻杂能够实现Sm~(3+)和Eu~(3+)之间的能量传递,从而增强Eu~(3+)的红光发射。CaMoO_4:Eu0.1~(3+),Sm~(3+)0.05有潜力成为高效的近紫外(蓝光)激发白光LED用红色荧光粉材料。
Since the realization of GaN-based light emitting diodes,more and more attention has been focused on whitelight-emitting LED phosphors. Whitelight-emitting LED with blue light- emitting GaNLED in combination with a yellow phosphor (YAG:Ce~(3+)) result in a poor color rendering. At present, the combination of a near-UV InGaN chip (380-410 nm) with blue, green and red phosphors is another way to generate white light that will yield a high color rendering index and color reproducibility index. Both applications require red-emitting phosphors, but sofar, very limited work involving them has been reported for potential white LED applitions.Therefore, it is an attractive and challenging research task to develop novel, stable, and inorganic RE ions doped red phosphors that can be excited effectively by the near UV or blue LEDs.
1. Novel red phosphors, Gd(1-x)2 (MoO_4)3: EuX~(3+)(x=0.05,0.1,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8)are synthesized through a simple coprecipitation process and characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), and fluorescent spectrophotometry.The result of XRD shows that the resultant samples areаphase. In the excitation spectra of Gd(1-X)2(MoO_4)3:Eu~(3+) phosphors,by monitoring 613 nm, the charge transfer bands(CTB) of Eu~(3+)→O~(2-) and Mo~(6+)→O~(2-) centering at around 266 and 290 nm。The characteristic red emission is also observed,ascribed to the 5D0→7FJ transition of Eu~(3+)ions, The chromaticity coordinates of Gd_2(MoO_4)_3 are (0.64,0.35) which is very close to the NTSC standard values(x=0.67,0.33). The optimal doping concentration of Eu~(3+)ions is 60%. It is considered to be an efficient red-emitting phosphor for near UV-LED(blue) light emitting diode(LED).
2. In this paper, novel Eu~(3+)-doped YMoO_4:Eux~(3+) (x=0.01, 0.05, 0.07, 0.12, 0.15, 0.2) phosphors was prepared by the co-precipitation method. The structure of sample was determined by using XRD spectrum. The emission spectra and the excitation spectra were measured and investigated. The results indicate that it is considered to be efficient red-emitting phosphors for near UV-LED (blue light).
3. Novel red phosphors,CaMoO_4:Eu0.1~(3+),Sm~(3+)x(x=0,0.01,0.02,0.03,0.04,0.05,0.06,0.08)are synthesized through a simple coprecipitation process and characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and fluorescent spectrophotometry. The chromaticity coordinates of CaMoO_4:Eu0.1~(3+)phosphor and CaMoO_4:Eu0.1~(3+),Sm0.05~(3+)phosphor are (0.661,0.329)and (0.667,0.328) ,But CaMoO_4:Eu0.1~(3+),Sm0.05~(3+)(0.667,0.328) phosphor is very close to the NTSC standard values(x=0.67,0.33). The optimal doping concentration of Sm~(3+) ions is 5%。The energy-transfer transition from Sm~(3+) ions to Eu~(3+) ions is demonstrated to enchance emssion of the red light by the result. It is considered to be an efficient red-emitting phosphor for near UV-LED(blue) light emitting diode(LED).
引文
[1]李建宇.稀土发光材料及其应用.化学工业出版社, 2003: 24～28
[2] S. Nakamura and G. Fasol. The Blue Laser Diode. Springer. 1996: 1～24
[3]刘行仁,薛胜薛,黄德森.白光LED的现状和问题.光源与照明. 2003, 83(3): 4～8
[4]方志烈.发光二极管材料与历史、现状和展望.物理学报. 2003, 32(5): 295～301
[5] A. Zukaurkas, M. S Shur and R. Gaska.Introduction to Solid State Lighting. John Wiley & Sons, inc. 2002: 1～10
[6] F. K. Yam, Z. Hassan. Innovative advances in LED technology. Journal of Microelectronics. 2005, 36(2): 129～13
[7] J. Y. Zhang, Z. T. Zhang, Z. L. Tang, Z. S. Zheng, Y.H.Lin. Synthesis and characterization of BaMgAl10O17: Eu phosphors derived by sol-gel processing. Powder Technology. 2002, 26(2): 161～165
[8] A T. Matsuzawa, Y. Aoki, N. Takeuchi, Y. Murayama. A New Long Phosphorescent Phosphor with High Brightness: SrAl2O_4:Eu2+, Dy~(3+). J. Electrochem. Soc. 1996, 8(143): 2670～2673
[9] J. S. Kim, P. E. Jeon, J. C. Choi, and H. L. Park. Warm-white-light emitting diode utilizing a single-phase full-color Ba3MgSi2O8:Eu2+, Mn2+ phosphor. Applied Physics Letters. 2004, 15(84): 2931～2933
[10]王晓明,郭伟玲,高国,沈光地.LED—新一代照明光源.现代显示. 2005, (7): 15～19
[11]孙晓园.近紫外芯片白光LED用掺Eu2+的硅酸盐荧光粉的制备发光性质研究.中科院博士学位论文. 2008: 8～10
[12]陈力.稀土和过渡族离子掺杂II-VI族半导体发光性质研究.中科院博士学位论文. 2007
[13]刘行仁.白光LED固态照明光转换荧光体.发光学报. 2007, 28 (3): 291～301
[14]苏锵,吴昊,潘跃晓等.稀土发光材料在固体白光LED照明中的应用.中国稀土学报. 2005, 23 (5): 513～517
[15]徐叙瑢,苏勉曾.发光学与发光材料.化学工业出版社.2004:323～325
[16]郝振东.近紫外基白光LED用Ca2P2O7:Eu2+, Mn2+及CaSc2O_4:Eu~(3+)荧光粉发光性质的研究.中科院博士论文. 2009:10～15
[17]张思远,毕宪章.稀土光谱理论.吉林科学技术出版社. 1991.第2章,第9章.
[18]李玮捷,石士考.Y2O3:Eu~(3+)荧光粉的制备方法及性质研究进展.发光学报. 2000, 21(5): 60～63
[19]孙晓园,张家骅,张霞,蒋大鹏,王笑军。新一代白光LED照明用一种适于近紫外光激发的单一白光荧光粉.发光学报. 2005, 3(26): 404～406
[20] H. b. Fu, C. s. Pan, L. w. Zhang. Synthesis Characterization and Photocatalytic Properties of Nanosized Bi2WO6, PbWO_4 and ZnWO_4 Catalysts. Materials Research Bulletin. 2007, 42(4): 696～706
[21] Q. y. Meng, B. j. Chen, W. Xu. Size-dependent excitation spectra and energy transfer in Tb~(3+)-doped Y2O3 nanocrystalline. Journal of Applied Physics. 2007, 102(9): 093505-1～093505-6
[22] B. l. Wang, L. z. Sun, H. d Ju, Sol–gel synthesis of single-phase Ca5MgSi3O12: Eu2+, Mn2+ phosphors for white-lightemitting diodes. Materials Letters. 2009, 63(15): 1329～1331
[23] X. y. Sun, J. h. Zhang, X. Zhang. Effect of retrapping On photostimulated luminescencein Sr3SiO5:Eu2+, Dy~(3+) phosphor. Journal of Applied Physics. 2009, 105(1): 013501-1～013501-4
[24] Zh. D. Hao, J. h. Zhang, X. Zhang. Phase dependent photoluminescence and energy transfer in Ca2P2O7:Eu2+, Mn2+ phosphors for white LEDs. Journal of Luminescence. 2008, 128 (5-6) : 941～944
[25] Q. m. YU, Y. f. LIU, S. WU. Luminescent properties of Ca2SiO_4:Eu~(3+) red phosphor for trichromaticwhite light emitting diodes. Journal of Rare Earths. 2008,26 (6): 783～786
[26] C. K. Chang, T. M. Chen White light generation under violet-blue excitation from tunable green-to-red emitting Ca2MgSi2O7 :Eu, Mn through energy transfer. Applied Physics Letters. 2007, 90 (16): 161901-1–161901-3
[27] Zh. D. Hao, J. h. Zhang, X. Zh. White light emitting diode by using a-Ca2P2O7:Eu2+, Mn2+ phosphor. Applied Physics Letters. 2007, 90 (26): 261113-1～261113-3
[28] Y. g. Wanga , J. f. Ma, J. t. Tao. Low-temperature synthesis of CdWO_4 nanorods via a hydrothermal method. Ceramics International. 2007, 33 (6) : 1125～1128
[29] B. j. Chen, Q. y. Meng, H. y. Zhong, Quantum Efficiency and Surface Passivation Effect of Nanocrystalline Y2O3:Eu~(3+). Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology. 2008, 8(3): 1165–1169
[30] Q. y. Meng, B. j. Chen, X. x. Zhao. Study on UV Excitation Properties of Y2O3: Ln~(3+) (Ln =Eu~(3+) or Tb~(3+)) Luminescent Nanomaterials. Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology. 2008, 8(3): 1443～1448
[31]张俊英,张中太。发光材料的微波合成方法.材料导报.2001, 15(5): 21～22
[32]顾洪洪.人类照明领域的第三次革命———半导体照明.道路交通管理. 2004, 11: 44～46
[33] Y. Pan, M. Wu, Q. Su.Comparative investigation on synthesis and photoluminescence of YAG∶Ce phosphor. Materials Science and Engineering B. 2004, 106(3): 251～256
[34] S. x. Yan, J. h. Zhang, X.Zhang. Enhanced Red Emission in CaMoO_4:Bi~(3+), Eu~(3+). J. Phys. Chem. C. 2007, 111(35): 13256～13260
[35] Y. Tian, X. h. Qi, B. j. Chen. Luminescent Properties of Y2(MoO_4)3:Eu~(3+) Red Phosphors with Flower like Shape Prepared via Coprecipitation Method J. Phys. Chem. C . 2009, 113 (24): 10767～10772
[36]张国有,赵晓霞,孟庆裕.白光LED用红色荧光粉Gd2Mo3O9 :Eu~(3+)的制备和表征.发光学报. 2007, 28(1):57～61
[37] L. Y. Zhou, J. S. Wei, L. H. Yi. Preparation and photoluminescence property of LixSr1-2xMoO_4:Eu~(3+)x for White LEDs. J.Rare earths(稀土学报). 2009, 27(13): 353～356. (in Chinese)
[38]冯晓辉,孟庆裕,孙江亭,吕树臣,孙立男. Eu~(3+)掺杂Gd2W2O9和Gd2(WO_4)4纳米荧光粉发光性质的研究.物理学报.2011, 60(3): 037806-1～037806-9
[39] Y. sh. Hu, W. d. Zhuang, H. q. Ye. A novel red phosphor for white light emitting diodes.Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2005, 390(1-2): 226-229
[40] X.x. Wang, J. Wang, J. Xin. Intense red-emitting phosphors for LED solid-state lighting. Materials research bulletin. 2007, 42(9): 1669～1673
[41] Y. h. Li, G. y. Hong Synthesis and luminescence properties of nanocrystalline YVO_4:Eu~(3+). Journal of Solid State Chemistry. 2005, 178 (3): 645～649
[42] J. g. Wang, X. P. Jing, Ch. H. Yan. Ca1–2xEuxLix MoO_4: A novel red phosphor for solid-state lightingbased on a GaN LED. J. Electro. Chem. Soc. 2005,152 (3): 186～188
[43] J. g. Wang, X. p. Jing, Ch. h. Yan. Photoluminescent properties of phosphors in the system CaxCd1-xMoO_4:Eu~(3+),Li+. Journal of The Electrochemical Society. 2005, 152(7): 534-536
[44] X. Li, Z. P. Yang, L. Guan, Ch. Liu, P. L. Li. Luminescentproperties of Eu~(3+)-doped La2Mo2O9 red phosphor by the flux method. J.Crys. Growth. 2008, 310(12): 3117 -3120
[45] Ch. H. Chiu, M. F. Wang, Ch. Sh. Lee, T. M. Chen. Structural spectroscopic and photoluminescence studies of LiEu(WO_4)2–x(MoO_4)x as a near-UV convertible phosphor . Journal of Solid State Chemistry. 2007, 180(2): 619-627
[46] G. ch. Zhang, P. zh. Fu, G. f. Wang. Synthesis and Spectral Characteristics of Sm~(3+) Doped Na3La2(BO3)3. Chin J. Lumin.(发光学报). 2001, 22(3): 237～242
[47] Y. g. Su, L. p. Li , G. sh. Li. Generation of tunable wavelength lights in core-shell CaWO_4 microspheres via co-doping with Na+ and Ln~(3+)(Ln=Tb, Sm, Dy, Eu). Journal of Materials Chemistry. 2009,19(16): 2316-2322
[48] Y. h. Zhou, J. Lin, S. B. Wang. Energy transfer and upconversion luminescence properties of Y2O3:Sm and Gd2O3:Sm phosphors. Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 2003, 171 (1-2) : 391～395
[49] X. li, Zh. P. Yang, L. Guan. Fabrication and Luminescence Properties of red emitting phosphor Y2O2S:Sm~(3+) for White LED by combustion method. J.Alloys and Compounds. 2008, 464(1-2): 565～568
[50]赵晓霞.白光LED用Eu~(3+)掺杂的钼酸盐红色荧光粉的制备及发光性能研究.中国科学院博士学位论文.2007
[2] S. Nakamura and G. Fasol. The Blue Laser Diode. Springer. 1996: 1～24
[3]刘行仁,薛胜薛,黄德森.白光LED的现状和问题.光源与照明. 2003, 83(3): 4～8
[4]方志烈.发光二极管材料与历史、现状和展望.物理学报. 2003, 32(5): 295～301
[5] A. Zukaurkas, M. S Shur and R. Gaska.Introduction to Solid State Lighting. John Wiley & Sons, inc. 2002: 1～10
[6] F. K. Yam, Z. Hassan. Innovative advances in LED technology. Journal of Microelectronics. 2005, 36(2): 129～13
[7] J. Y. Zhang, Z. T. Zhang, Z. L. Tang, Z. S. Zheng, Y.H.Lin. Synthesis and characterization of BaMgAl10O17: Eu phosphors derived by sol-gel processing. Powder Technology. 2002, 26(2): 161～165
[8] A T. Matsuzawa, Y. Aoki, N. Takeuchi, Y. Murayama. A New Long Phosphorescent Phosphor with High Brightness: SrAl2O_4:Eu2+, Dy~(3+). J. Electrochem. Soc. 1996, 8(143): 2670～2673
[9] J. S. Kim, P. E. Jeon, J. C. Choi, and H. L. Park. Warm-white-light emitting diode utilizing a single-phase full-color Ba3MgSi2O8:Eu2+, Mn2+ phosphor. Applied Physics Letters. 2004, 15(84): 2931～2933
[10]王晓明,郭伟玲,高国,沈光地.LED—新一代照明光源.现代显示. 2005, (7): 15～19
[11]孙晓园.近紫外芯片白光LED用掺Eu2+的硅酸盐荧光粉的制备发光性质研究.中科院博士学位论文. 2008: 8～10
[12]陈力.稀土和过渡族离子掺杂II-VI族半导体发光性质研究.中科院博士学位论文. 2007
[13]刘行仁.白光LED固态照明光转换荧光体.发光学报. 2007, 28 (3): 291～301
[14]苏锵,吴昊,潘跃晓等.稀土发光材料在固体白光LED照明中的应用.中国稀土学报. 2005, 23 (5): 513～517
[15]徐叙瑢,苏勉曾.发光学与发光材料.化学工业出版社.2004:323～325
[16]郝振东.近紫外基白光LED用Ca2P2O7:Eu2+, Mn2+及CaSc2O_4:Eu~(3+)荧光粉发光性质的研究.中科院博士论文. 2009:10～15
[17]张思远,毕宪章.稀土光谱理论.吉林科学技术出版社. 1991.第2章,第9章.
[18]李玮捷,石士考.Y2O3:Eu~(3+)荧光粉的制备方法及性质研究进展.发光学报. 2000, 21(5): 60～63
[19]孙晓园,张家骅,张霞,蒋大鹏,王笑军。新一代白光LED照明用一种适于近紫外光激发的单一白光荧光粉.发光学报. 2005, 3(26): 404～406
[20] H. b. Fu, C. s. Pan, L. w. Zhang. Synthesis Characterization and Photocatalytic Properties of Nanosized Bi2WO6, PbWO_4 and ZnWO_4 Catalysts. Materials Research Bulletin. 2007, 42(4): 696～706
[21] Q. y. Meng, B. j. Chen, W. Xu. Size-dependent excitation spectra and energy transfer in Tb~(3+)-doped Y2O3 nanocrystalline. Journal of Applied Physics. 2007, 102(9): 093505-1～093505-6
[22] B. l. Wang, L. z. Sun, H. d Ju, Sol–gel synthesis of single-phase Ca5MgSi3O12: Eu2+, Mn2+ phosphors for white-lightemitting diodes. Materials Letters. 2009, 63(15): 1329～1331
[23] X. y. Sun, J. h. Zhang, X. Zhang. Effect of retrapping On photostimulated luminescencein Sr3SiO5:Eu2+, Dy~(3+) phosphor. Journal of Applied Physics. 2009, 105(1): 013501-1～013501-4
[24] Zh. D. Hao, J. h. Zhang, X. Zhang. Phase dependent photoluminescence and energy transfer in Ca2P2O7:Eu2+, Mn2+ phosphors for white LEDs. Journal of Luminescence. 2008, 128 (5-6) : 941～944
[25] Q. m. YU, Y. f. LIU, S. WU. Luminescent properties of Ca2SiO_4:Eu~(3+) red phosphor for trichromaticwhite light emitting diodes. Journal of Rare Earths. 2008,26 (6): 783～786
[26] C. K. Chang, T. M. Chen White light generation under violet-blue excitation from tunable green-to-red emitting Ca2MgSi2O7 :Eu, Mn through energy transfer. Applied Physics Letters. 2007, 90 (16): 161901-1–161901-3
[27] Zh. D. Hao, J. h. Zhang, X. Zh. White light emitting diode by using a-Ca2P2O7:Eu2+, Mn2+ phosphor. Applied Physics Letters. 2007, 90 (26): 261113-1～261113-3
[28] Y. g. Wanga , J. f. Ma, J. t. Tao. Low-temperature synthesis of CdWO_4 nanorods via a hydrothermal method. Ceramics International. 2007, 33 (6) : 1125～1128
[29] B. j. Chen, Q. y. Meng, H. y. Zhong, Quantum Efficiency and Surface Passivation Effect of Nanocrystalline Y2O3:Eu~(3+). Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology. 2008, 8(3): 1165–1169
[30] Q. y. Meng, B. j. Chen, X. x. Zhao. Study on UV Excitation Properties of Y2O3: Ln~(3+) (Ln =Eu~(3+) or Tb~(3+)) Luminescent Nanomaterials. Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology. 2008, 8(3): 1443～1448
[31]张俊英,张中太。发光材料的微波合成方法.材料导报.2001, 15(5): 21～22
[32]顾洪洪.人类照明领域的第三次革命———半导体照明.道路交通管理. 2004, 11: 44～46
[33] Y. Pan, M. Wu, Q. Su.Comparative investigation on synthesis and photoluminescence of YAG∶Ce phosphor. Materials Science and Engineering B. 2004, 106(3): 251～256
[34] S. x. Yan, J. h. Zhang, X.Zhang. Enhanced Red Emission in CaMoO_4:Bi~(3+), Eu~(3+). J. Phys. Chem. C. 2007, 111(35): 13256～13260
[35] Y. Tian, X. h. Qi, B. j. Chen. Luminescent Properties of Y2(MoO_4)3:Eu~(3+) Red Phosphors with Flower like Shape Prepared via Coprecipitation Method J. Phys. Chem. C . 2009, 113 (24): 10767～10772
[36]张国有,赵晓霞,孟庆裕.白光LED用红色荧光粉Gd2Mo3O9 :Eu~(3+)的制备和表征.发光学报. 2007, 28(1):57～61
[37] L. Y. Zhou, J. S. Wei, L. H. Yi. Preparation and photoluminescence property of LixSr1-2xMoO_4:Eu~(3+)x for White LEDs. J.Rare earths(稀土学报). 2009, 27(13): 353～356. (in Chinese)
[38]冯晓辉,孟庆裕,孙江亭,吕树臣,孙立男. Eu~(3+)掺杂Gd2W2O9和Gd2(WO_4)4纳米荧光粉发光性质的研究.物理学报.2011, 60(3): 037806-1～037806-9
[39] Y. sh. Hu, W. d. Zhuang, H. q. Ye. A novel red phosphor for white light emitting diodes.Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2005, 390(1-2): 226-229
[40] X.x. Wang, J. Wang, J. Xin. Intense red-emitting phosphors for LED solid-state lighting. Materials research bulletin. 2007, 42(9): 1669～1673
[41] Y. h. Li, G. y. Hong Synthesis and luminescence properties of nanocrystalline YVO_4:Eu~(3+). Journal of Solid State Chemistry. 2005, 178 (3): 645～649
[42] J. g. Wang, X. P. Jing, Ch. H. Yan. Ca1–2xEuxLix MoO_4: A novel red phosphor for solid-state lightingbased on a GaN LED. J. Electro. Chem. Soc. 2005,152 (3): 186～188
[43] J. g. Wang, X. p. Jing, Ch. h. Yan. Photoluminescent properties of phosphors in the system CaxCd1-xMoO_4:Eu~(3+),Li+. Journal of The Electrochemical Society. 2005, 152(7): 534-536
[44] X. Li, Z. P. Yang, L. Guan, Ch. Liu, P. L. Li. Luminescentproperties of Eu~(3+)-doped La2Mo2O9 red phosphor by the flux method. J.Crys. Growth. 2008, 310(12): 3117 -3120
[45] Ch. H. Chiu, M. F. Wang, Ch. Sh. Lee, T. M. Chen. Structural spectroscopic and photoluminescence studies of LiEu(WO_4)2–x(MoO_4)x as a near-UV convertible phosphor . Journal of Solid State Chemistry. 2007, 180(2): 619-627
[46] G. ch. Zhang, P. zh. Fu, G. f. Wang. Synthesis and Spectral Characteristics of Sm~(3+) Doped Na3La2(BO3)3. Chin J. Lumin.(发光学报). 2001, 22(3): 237～242
[47] Y. g. Su, L. p. Li , G. sh. Li. Generation of tunable wavelength lights in core-shell CaWO_4 microspheres via co-doping with Na+ and Ln~(3+)(Ln=Tb, Sm, Dy, Eu). Journal of Materials Chemistry. 2009,19(16): 2316-2322
[48] Y. h. Zhou, J. Lin, S. B. Wang. Energy transfer and upconversion luminescence properties of Y2O3:Sm and Gd2O3:Sm phosphors. Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 2003, 171 (1-2) : 391～395
[49] X. li, Zh. P. Yang, L. Guan. Fabrication and Luminescence Properties of red emitting phosphor Y2O2S:Sm~(3+) for White LED by combustion method. J.Alloys and Compounds. 2008, 464(1-2): 565～568
[50]赵晓霞.白光LED用Eu~(3+)掺杂的钼酸盐红色荧光粉的制备及发光性能研究.中国科学院博士学位论文.2007