河南省洛宁县曹嘴沟金矿地质特征及成矿预测
|
摘要
曹嘴沟金矿位于华北地块南缘熊耳山地区,在秦岭北缘后陆逆冲断褶构造带上,其矿化类型主要为构造蚀变岩型。
研究区的Au、Ag矿受断裂构造(尤其拆离断层)的控制作用十分明显。区内线性构造十分发育,按展布方向可分为4组:近NE向、SN向、EW向和NW向,其发育程度明显受到地层和岩性的控制。其中NE向断裂发育程度最高,分布最广,是矿集区控矿构造的主体方向,控制了区内最为重要的矿床类型-构造蚀变岩型矿床。
通过控矿因素、成矿规律的总结,建立了曹嘴沟金矿床找矿模式,其找矿的五个预测依据分别为:⑴已知矿(化)脉、矿点分布位置;⑵Au、Ag品位高值异常区;⑶蚀变发育区;⑷TM卫星遥感影像信息线性交汇区、线环构造交切叠加区、色调异常区;⑸不同方向断裂构造叠加复合部位。根据这些依据,预测到4个找矿靶区:官庄南金银多金属找矿靶区、漫上东金银多金属找矿靶区、寺山庙金银多金属找矿靶区和东麻园金银多金属找矿靶区。
Caozuigou gold deposit is located at the margin of North China block Xiong’er mountain area and the northern margin of Qinling backland thrust fault-fold structure belt, its mineralization type is tectonic altered rock.
It is very obvious that Au and Ag mines of the study area are controlled by fracture structure (detachment fault in particular).Linear structures in the region are well developed, and in accordance with the distribution direction they can be divided into 4 groups: near NE direction; NE direction; EW direction and NW direction, the degree of their development is obviously controlled by strata and lithology. And the NE direction fracture has the highest development degree and widest distribution, and is the main direction of ore-controlling structure and control the most import tectonic altered rock type deposit in this area.
Through the summary of ore-controlling factors and metallogenic regularities, the prospecting model of Caozuigou gold mine is established, the five evidences for prediction of the mineral exploration are: (1) the distribution position of known mineral occurrence and ore veins; (2) anomalous-grade regions and high-content areas of Au and Ag; (3) altered development; (4) linear convergence zones, line and loop tectonic intersection zones and color anomaly zones of TM satellite remote sensing information; (5) the fracture structure superposition parts in different directions. According to these evidences, four prospecting targets are predicted: Au-Ag polymetanic prospecting targets of Guanzhuang, Manshang, Shishan Temple and Dongmayuan.
研究区的Au、Ag矿受断裂构造(尤其拆离断层)的控制作用十分明显。区内线性构造十分发育,按展布方向可分为4组:近NE向、SN向、EW向和NW向,其发育程度明显受到地层和岩性的控制。其中NE向断裂发育程度最高,分布最广,是矿集区控矿构造的主体方向,控制了区内最为重要的矿床类型-构造蚀变岩型矿床。
通过控矿因素、成矿规律的总结,建立了曹嘴沟金矿床找矿模式,其找矿的五个预测依据分别为:⑴已知矿(化)脉、矿点分布位置;⑵Au、Ag品位高值异常区;⑶蚀变发育区;⑷TM卫星遥感影像信息线性交汇区、线环构造交切叠加区、色调异常区;⑸不同方向断裂构造叠加复合部位。根据这些依据,预测到4个找矿靶区:官庄南金银多金属找矿靶区、漫上东金银多金属找矿靶区、寺山庙金银多金属找矿靶区和东麻园金银多金属找矿靶区。
Caozuigou gold deposit is located at the margin of North China block Xiong’er mountain area and the northern margin of Qinling backland thrust fault-fold structure belt, its mineralization type is tectonic altered rock.
It is very obvious that Au and Ag mines of the study area are controlled by fracture structure (detachment fault in particular).Linear structures in the region are well developed, and in accordance with the distribution direction they can be divided into 4 groups: near NE direction; NE direction; EW direction and NW direction, the degree of their development is obviously controlled by strata and lithology. And the NE direction fracture has the highest development degree and widest distribution, and is the main direction of ore-controlling structure and control the most import tectonic altered rock type deposit in this area.
Through the summary of ore-controlling factors and metallogenic regularities, the prospecting model of Caozuigou gold mine is established, the five evidences for prediction of the mineral exploration are: (1) the distribution position of known mineral occurrence and ore veins; (2) anomalous-grade regions and high-content areas of Au and Ag; (3) altered development; (4) linear convergence zones, line and loop tectonic intersection zones and color anomaly zones of TM satellite remote sensing information; (5) the fracture structure superposition parts in different directions. According to these evidences, four prospecting targets are predicted: Au-Ag polymetanic prospecting targets of Guanzhuang, Manshang, Shishan Temple and Dongmayuan.
引文
[1]崔琳.黄金牛市风高浪涨-2005年黄金市场回顾及2006年展望.稀有金属快报,2006,25(5):13-17
[2]河南省地质矿产厅.河南区域地质志.北京:中国地质大学出版社,1989
[3]曹新志,孙华山,徐伯骏.关于成矿预测研究的若千进展.黄金,2003,24(4):11-14
[4]刘石年.成矿预测学.长沙:中南工业大学出版社,1993
[5]卢作祥,范永香.成矿预测研究的几个问题.地球科学,1982,18(3):253-262
[6]赵鹏大.科学找矿及矿床预测基本理论和准则(矿产勘查).武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1990,10-17
[7]P.Laznicka Giant ore depesits:A quantitative approach.Global Tectonics and Metallogcny,1993,88(1)and(2)
[8]P.Laznicka. Quantitive relationships among giant deposits of metals.Economic Geology,1999, 94(4):455-473
[9]赵元艺,马志红,仲崇学.勘查地球化学方法和数据处理综述及发展方向,世界地质,1999,14(1):76-81
[10]谢学锦.进入21世纪的勘查地球化学.中国地质,2001,28(4):11-18
[11]CAMERON E M.Deep-penetrating Geochemistry.CAMIRO-Exploration Divislon,1998,117
[12]KRISTLANSSON K,MALMQVISTL.Evidence for nondiffusive transport of Rn in the ground and a new physical model for the transport.Geophysics,1982,47(1):1444-1452
[13]CLARKEJR,MEIER A L.Enzyme leaching of surficial geochemical samples for defining hydronmorphic trace-element anomalies associated with precious/metal mineralized bedrock buried beneath glacial overburden in northern Minnesota.GOLD,1990,90 :189-207
[14]谢学锦,王学求.深穿透地球化学新进展.地学前缘,2003,10 (1):225-238
[15]齐文秀,刘涛.金属矿物探新方法与新技术.地质与勘探,2005,41(6):62-66
[16]Agterberg FR.Application of lmge Analysis and Multivariate Analysis to Mineral Resource.Economic Geology,1981,76:1016-1031
[17]郭华东.航天飞机雷达SIR-C对西昆仑山新生代火山的探测.科学通报,1997,42(3):335-336
[18]赵震海,况顺达,王成相.黔东南地区遥感构造研究与金矿的关系.中国矿业,2006,15(5):80-84
[19]傅文杰,洪金益,朱谷昌.基于光谱相似尺度的支持向量机蚀变信息提取.地质与勘探,2006,42(2):69-73
[20]万丽,王庆飞,高帮飞等.成矿预测数据统计方法.现代地质,2005,19(4):615-620
[21]胡旺亮,吕瑞英,高怀忠等.矿床统计预测方法流程研究.地球科学,1995,20(2):128-133
[23]张国伟,孟庆仁,于在平等.秦岭造山带的造山过程及其动力学特征.中国科学(D辑),36(3):193～200
[24]张国伟.华北地块南部巨型陆内俯冲带与秦岭造山带岩石圈现今三维结构.高校地质学报,1997,3(2):139～140
[25]卢作祥,范永香,刘辅臣.成矿规律和成矿预测学,中国地质大学出版社,1989
[26]王志光,崔毫,徐孟罗等.华北地块南缘地质构造演化与成矿.北京:冶金工业出版社,1997
[27]栾世伟等,金矿床地质及找矿方法,四川科学技术出版社,1987
[28]张家声,造山带后伸展构造研究的最新进展.地学前缘,1995(2)
[29]范宏瑞、谢奕汉等,河南祁雨沟热液角砾岩体型金矿床成矿流体研究,岩石学报,2000
[30]Wang HH,Chen YJ,Gao XL.The isotope geochemistry of the Kangshan gold deposit,Henan and its illustration of the CPMFmold.Mineral Deposit,2001,20:190-198
[31]Xu G,Zhou J.TheXiaoqin Cu-S-Fe-Au deposit in the Tongling mineral district,China:synorogeni -c genic remobilization of a stratiform sulfide deposit.Ore Geology Reviews,2001,18:77-94
[32]彭恩生,等.河南洛宁嵩坪沟-铁炉坪地区1/10000地质测量及银金多金属矿床成矿预测.中南工业大学科研队,1993
[33]陈旺,郭时然,崔毫.豫西熊耳山铁炉坪、嵩坪沟矿床银铅矿石稳定同位素研究.有色金属矿产与勘查,1996,5(4)213-218
[34]卢欣祥,尉向东,董有等.小秦岭-熊耳山地区金矿特征与地幔流体.北京:地质出版社,2004
[35]范宏瑞,谢亦汉,王英兰.豫西上宫构造蚀变岩型金矿成矿过程中的流体-岩石反应.岩石学报,1998,14(4):529～541
[36]范宏瑞,谢亦汉,赵瑞等.豫西熊耳山地区岩石和金矿床稳定同位素地球化学研究.地质找矿论丛,1994,9:54～64
[37]胡受奚,林潜龙,陈泽铭等.华北与华南古板块拼合带地质与成矿.南京:南京大学出版社,1988
[38]王志光,崔毫,徐孟罗等.华北地块南缘地质构造演化与成矿.北京:冶金工业出版社,1997
[39]李晶,陈衍景,李强之等.东秦岭上宫金矿流体成矿作用:矿物学研究.矿物岩石,2004,24(3):28～35
[40]陈衍景,林治家,Franco PIRAJNO等.东秦岭上宫金矿流体成矿作用:稳定同位素地球化学研究.矿物岩石,2004,24(3):13～21
[41]陈衍景,唐国军,Franco PIRAJNO等.东秦岭上宫金矿流体成矿作用:放射成因同位素地球化学研究.矿物岩石,2004,24(3):22～27
[42]王海华,陈衍景,高秀丽.河南康山金矿同位素地球化学及其对成岩成矿及流体作用模式的印证.矿床地质,2001,20(2):191～198
[43]Helgeson H C.Thermodynamics of hydrothermal systems at elevated temperatures and pressures.Amer.J.Sci.1969,267:729～804
[44]Seward T M.The complexes of gold and the transport of gold in hydrothermal ore solutions.Geochim et Cosmochim.Acta,1973,379～399
[45]Stefansson A,Seward T M.Stablity of chloridogold compelexes in aqueous solution from 300 to 600℃and from 500 to 1800 bar.Geochim Comsmochim Acta,2003,67:4559～4576
[46]Ulrich T.Applications of quantitative single fluid inclusion analysis using laser ablation ICPMS.Earth Science Frontiers,2003,10:379～393
[47]Ulrich T,Guther D,Heinrich C A.Gold concentrations of magmatic brines and the metal buget of porphyry copper deposits.Nature,1999,399:676～679
[48]Seward T M.The hydrothermal geochemistry of gold,In:Foster R P(ed),Gold Metallogeny and Exploration.Glasgow:Blackie,1990,37～62
[49]Rollinson H R.Using geochemical data:evaluation , presentation , interpretation [M].Singapore:Longman Singapore Publishers,1993
[50]Taylor H P.The application of oxygen and hydrogen isotope studies to problems of hydrothermal alteration and ore deposition.Economic Geology,1974,843～883
[51]罗铭玖,王亨治,庞传安.河南金矿概论.北京:地震出版社,1992
[52]张理刚.稳定同位素在地质科学中的应用.西安:陕西科学技术出版社,1985
[53]郑淑惠,候发高,倪葆林.我国大气降水的氢氧同位素研究.科学通报,1983,28(13):801～806
[54]Zartman R E and Doe B R.Plumbotectonics-the model.Tectonophysics,1981,V.75:135～162
[55]刘英俊,马东升.金的地球化学.北京:科学出版社,1991
[56]王奎仁.地球与宇宙成因矿物学.合肥:安微教育出版社,1989
[57]栾世伟,陈尚迪,曹殿春等.金矿床地质及找矿方法.成都:四川科学技术出版社,1987
[58]陈光远,孙岱生,殷辉安.成因矿物学与找矿矿物学.1987
[59]卢欣祥,尉向东,于在平等.小秦岭-熊耳山金成矿作用与区域构造的耦合.黄金,2004,10(1):1～5
[60]毛景文,谢桂清,张作衡等.中国北方中生代大规模成矿作用的期次及其动力学背景.岩石学报,2005,21(1):169～188
[61]郭保健,李永峰,王志光等.熊耳山Au-Ag-Pb-Mo矿集区成矿模式与找矿方向.地质与勘探,2005,41(5):43～47
[62]王世称等,综合信息成矿系列预测的基本思路与方法,中国地质,1992(10)
[63]栾世伟等,金矿床地质及找矿方法,四川科学技术出版社,1987
[2]河南省地质矿产厅.河南区域地质志.北京:中国地质大学出版社,1989
[3]曹新志,孙华山,徐伯骏.关于成矿预测研究的若千进展.黄金,2003,24(4):11-14
[4]刘石年.成矿预测学.长沙:中南工业大学出版社,1993
[5]卢作祥,范永香.成矿预测研究的几个问题.地球科学,1982,18(3):253-262
[6]赵鹏大.科学找矿及矿床预测基本理论和准则(矿产勘查).武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1990,10-17
[7]P.Laznicka Giant ore depesits:A quantitative approach.Global Tectonics and Metallogcny,1993,88(1)and(2)
[8]P.Laznicka. Quantitive relationships among giant deposits of metals.Economic Geology,1999, 94(4):455-473
[9]赵元艺,马志红,仲崇学.勘查地球化学方法和数据处理综述及发展方向,世界地质,1999,14(1):76-81
[10]谢学锦.进入21世纪的勘查地球化学.中国地质,2001,28(4):11-18
[11]CAMERON E M.Deep-penetrating Geochemistry.CAMIRO-Exploration Divislon,1998,117
[12]KRISTLANSSON K,MALMQVISTL.Evidence for nondiffusive transport of Rn in the ground and a new physical model for the transport.Geophysics,1982,47(1):1444-1452
[13]CLARKEJR,MEIER A L.Enzyme leaching of surficial geochemical samples for defining hydronmorphic trace-element anomalies associated with precious/metal mineralized bedrock buried beneath glacial overburden in northern Minnesota.GOLD,1990,90 :189-207
[14]谢学锦,王学求.深穿透地球化学新进展.地学前缘,2003,10 (1):225-238
[15]齐文秀,刘涛.金属矿物探新方法与新技术.地质与勘探,2005,41(6):62-66
[16]Agterberg FR.Application of lmge Analysis and Multivariate Analysis to Mineral Resource.Economic Geology,1981,76:1016-1031
[17]郭华东.航天飞机雷达SIR-C对西昆仑山新生代火山的探测.科学通报,1997,42(3):335-336
[18]赵震海,况顺达,王成相.黔东南地区遥感构造研究与金矿的关系.中国矿业,2006,15(5):80-84
[19]傅文杰,洪金益,朱谷昌.基于光谱相似尺度的支持向量机蚀变信息提取.地质与勘探,2006,42(2):69-73
[20]万丽,王庆飞,高帮飞等.成矿预测数据统计方法.现代地质,2005,19(4):615-620
[21]胡旺亮,吕瑞英,高怀忠等.矿床统计预测方法流程研究.地球科学,1995,20(2):128-133
[23]张国伟,孟庆仁,于在平等.秦岭造山带的造山过程及其动力学特征.中国科学(D辑),36(3):193～200
[24]张国伟.华北地块南部巨型陆内俯冲带与秦岭造山带岩石圈现今三维结构.高校地质学报,1997,3(2):139～140
[25]卢作祥,范永香,刘辅臣.成矿规律和成矿预测学,中国地质大学出版社,1989
[26]王志光,崔毫,徐孟罗等.华北地块南缘地质构造演化与成矿.北京:冶金工业出版社,1997
[27]栾世伟等,金矿床地质及找矿方法,四川科学技术出版社,1987
[28]张家声,造山带后伸展构造研究的最新进展.地学前缘,1995(2)
[29]范宏瑞、谢奕汉等,河南祁雨沟热液角砾岩体型金矿床成矿流体研究,岩石学报,2000
[30]Wang HH,Chen YJ,Gao XL.The isotope geochemistry of the Kangshan gold deposit,Henan and its illustration of the CPMFmold.Mineral Deposit,2001,20:190-198
[31]Xu G,Zhou J.TheXiaoqin Cu-S-Fe-Au deposit in the Tongling mineral district,China:synorogeni -c genic remobilization of a stratiform sulfide deposit.Ore Geology Reviews,2001,18:77-94
[32]彭恩生,等.河南洛宁嵩坪沟-铁炉坪地区1/10000地质测量及银金多金属矿床成矿预测.中南工业大学科研队,1993
[33]陈旺,郭时然,崔毫.豫西熊耳山铁炉坪、嵩坪沟矿床银铅矿石稳定同位素研究.有色金属矿产与勘查,1996,5(4)213-218
[34]卢欣祥,尉向东,董有等.小秦岭-熊耳山地区金矿特征与地幔流体.北京:地质出版社,2004
[35]范宏瑞,谢亦汉,王英兰.豫西上宫构造蚀变岩型金矿成矿过程中的流体-岩石反应.岩石学报,1998,14(4):529～541
[36]范宏瑞,谢亦汉,赵瑞等.豫西熊耳山地区岩石和金矿床稳定同位素地球化学研究.地质找矿论丛,1994,9:54～64
[37]胡受奚,林潜龙,陈泽铭等.华北与华南古板块拼合带地质与成矿.南京:南京大学出版社,1988
[38]王志光,崔毫,徐孟罗等.华北地块南缘地质构造演化与成矿.北京:冶金工业出版社,1997
[39]李晶,陈衍景,李强之等.东秦岭上宫金矿流体成矿作用:矿物学研究.矿物岩石,2004,24(3):28～35
[40]陈衍景,林治家,Franco PIRAJNO等.东秦岭上宫金矿流体成矿作用:稳定同位素地球化学研究.矿物岩石,2004,24(3):13～21
[41]陈衍景,唐国军,Franco PIRAJNO等.东秦岭上宫金矿流体成矿作用:放射成因同位素地球化学研究.矿物岩石,2004,24(3):22～27
[42]王海华,陈衍景,高秀丽.河南康山金矿同位素地球化学及其对成岩成矿及流体作用模式的印证.矿床地质,2001,20(2):191～198
[43]Helgeson H C.Thermodynamics of hydrothermal systems at elevated temperatures and pressures.Amer.J.Sci.1969,267:729～804
[44]Seward T M.The complexes of gold and the transport of gold in hydrothermal ore solutions.Geochim et Cosmochim.Acta,1973,379～399
[45]Stefansson A,Seward T M.Stablity of chloridogold compelexes in aqueous solution from 300 to 600℃and from 500 to 1800 bar.Geochim Comsmochim Acta,2003,67:4559～4576
[46]Ulrich T.Applications of quantitative single fluid inclusion analysis using laser ablation ICPMS.Earth Science Frontiers,2003,10:379～393
[47]Ulrich T,Guther D,Heinrich C A.Gold concentrations of magmatic brines and the metal buget of porphyry copper deposits.Nature,1999,399:676～679
[48]Seward T M.The hydrothermal geochemistry of gold,In:Foster R P(ed),Gold Metallogeny and Exploration.Glasgow:Blackie,1990,37～62
[49]Rollinson H R.Using geochemical data:evaluation , presentation , interpretation [M].Singapore:Longman Singapore Publishers,1993
[50]Taylor H P.The application of oxygen and hydrogen isotope studies to problems of hydrothermal alteration and ore deposition.Economic Geology,1974,843～883
[51]罗铭玖,王亨治,庞传安.河南金矿概论.北京:地震出版社,1992
[52]张理刚.稳定同位素在地质科学中的应用.西安:陕西科学技术出版社,1985
[53]郑淑惠,候发高,倪葆林.我国大气降水的氢氧同位素研究.科学通报,1983,28(13):801～806
[54]Zartman R E and Doe B R.Plumbotectonics-the model.Tectonophysics,1981,V.75:135～162
[55]刘英俊,马东升.金的地球化学.北京:科学出版社,1991
[56]王奎仁.地球与宇宙成因矿物学.合肥:安微教育出版社,1989
[57]栾世伟,陈尚迪,曹殿春等.金矿床地质及找矿方法.成都:四川科学技术出版社,1987
[58]陈光远,孙岱生,殷辉安.成因矿物学与找矿矿物学.1987
[59]卢欣祥,尉向东,于在平等.小秦岭-熊耳山金成矿作用与区域构造的耦合.黄金,2004,10(1):1～5
[60]毛景文,谢桂清,张作衡等.中国北方中生代大规模成矿作用的期次及其动力学背景.岩石学报,2005,21(1):169～188
[61]郭保健,李永峰,王志光等.熊耳山Au-Ag-Pb-Mo矿集区成矿模式与找矿方向.地质与勘探,2005,41(5):43～47
[62]王世称等,综合信息成矿系列预测的基本思路与方法,中国地质,1992(10)
[63]栾世伟等,金矿床地质及找矿方法,四川科学技术出版社,1987