川西石棉大水沟碲矿床构造控矿规律及找矿预测
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摘要
四川省石棉县大水沟碲矿床是迄今为止发现的世界首例独立碲矿床,本文通过搜集以往矿区资料和实地考察工作,运用矿床学、构造地质学、地球化学等学科的研究方法,首次对该矿床的构造控矿规律进行了初步的研究,主要得到以下几点认识：
1、大水沟碲矿表现出受区域韧性剪切带和深部岩浆热隆双重控制的特点,根据矿区地层中Te含量远远高于其地壳中克拉克值(300—15000倍),表现出在古生代地层中Te进行了先期富集。
2、区域上自三叠纪以来构造应力主要经历了南北向挤压(碰撞造山)→南北向伸展滑脱→东西向收缩挤压(剪切)→东西向伸展拉张的构造演化过程。
3、在成矿期和成矿后,由于区域上应力场不断转变(逆冲推覆、滑脱剪切带活动),致使矿体发生扭动和拉张,表现为先成矿体发生S型和反S型弯曲,在走向上出现尖灭再现,在剖面上出现分枝复合,局部膨大。其主应力方向表现为NE—SW挤压→SN和EW收缩→EW伸展的演化过程。
4、构造控矿规律为：区域上的安宁河断裂为导矿构造,西油坊和滨东两条韧性剪切带为配矿兼导矿构造,矿区内近南北向的次级裂隙为主要的容矿构造。根据No1矿脉的平面和剖面米克吨等值线图分析,在走向上约50m-70m出现一个峰值,但有逐渐尖灭的趋势,在剖面上表现出向NE向倾伏的特点。
5.、通过对F1断裂的构造定向薄片的石英组构分析,大水沟矿区矿物变形比较强烈,既有脆性变形也有韧性变形,结果显示和宏观判断的主应力方向一致。
6、基于构造控矿规律、层控特征和矿区Bi的化探异常区,运用Mapgis的空间分析功能,在矿区圈定了5个比较有利的成矿远景地段,指导下一步的找矿勘探工作。
To date Dashuigou tellurium deposit, is the sole example of tellurium-demainted deposit in the word. Under the data mining and open country geological investgations, this paper studied the structural ore-controlling regularity by using the research methods of mineral deposits, structural geology and geochemistry,we obtain the following several understandings.
1. Dashuigou Te Ore is dual controlled by regional ductile shear zone and deep magma upwelling microstructure. According to mining strata Te is much higher than the Clark value of the crust (300-15000 times), showing the Paleozoic strata in the Te enrichment carried out in advance.
2.Since the Triassic tectonic, the regional stress field experienced a north-south compression→north-south extensional detachment (thrust)→east-west contraction extrusion (shear)→east-west extensional tectonic evolution.
3. In mineralization and mineralization, due to the changing of regional stress field (thrust, slip shear zone activities), resulting in twisting and stretching occur ore, ore bodies occur as S-type and anti-S-bend, appears to pinch out in the reappearance of a partial enlargement of the profile. The principal stress direction of compression performance for the NE-SW contraction→SN and EW→EW extension of the evolutionary process.
4. Structural control laws:The Anning River fault is the structure for the lead mines, the two ductile shear zone with ore and lead ore for the construction, mining area near north-south crack to the main sub-The ore-hosting structure. According to Mick NO1 tons of veins plane and profile contour analysis, of about 50m-70m to a peak, but gradually pinch the trend shown in the section on the north to the collapse of the characteristics of the East
5. By analyzing the quartz flakes of construction of directional fabric of F1 fault, mining mineral deformation is stronger in Dashuigou mining area, it showes consistention with the macro-judgments.
6. Using Mapgis spatial,We delineated five prospecting areas to guide the work of prospecting and exploration for the next step.
1、大水沟碲矿表现出受区域韧性剪切带和深部岩浆热隆双重控制的特点,根据矿区地层中Te含量远远高于其地壳中克拉克值(300—15000倍),表现出在古生代地层中Te进行了先期富集。
2、区域上自三叠纪以来构造应力主要经历了南北向挤压(碰撞造山)→南北向伸展滑脱→东西向收缩挤压(剪切)→东西向伸展拉张的构造演化过程。
3、在成矿期和成矿后,由于区域上应力场不断转变(逆冲推覆、滑脱剪切带活动),致使矿体发生扭动和拉张,表现为先成矿体发生S型和反S型弯曲,在走向上出现尖灭再现,在剖面上出现分枝复合,局部膨大。其主应力方向表现为NE—SW挤压→SN和EW收缩→EW伸展的演化过程。
4、构造控矿规律为：区域上的安宁河断裂为导矿构造,西油坊和滨东两条韧性剪切带为配矿兼导矿构造,矿区内近南北向的次级裂隙为主要的容矿构造。根据No1矿脉的平面和剖面米克吨等值线图分析,在走向上约50m-70m出现一个峰值,但有逐渐尖灭的趋势,在剖面上表现出向NE向倾伏的特点。
5.、通过对F1断裂的构造定向薄片的石英组构分析,大水沟矿区矿物变形比较强烈,既有脆性变形也有韧性变形,结果显示和宏观判断的主应力方向一致。
6、基于构造控矿规律、层控特征和矿区Bi的化探异常区,运用Mapgis的空间分析功能,在矿区圈定了5个比较有利的成矿远景地段,指导下一步的找矿勘探工作。
To date Dashuigou tellurium deposit, is the sole example of tellurium-demainted deposit in the word. Under the data mining and open country geological investgations, this paper studied the structural ore-controlling regularity by using the research methods of mineral deposits, structural geology and geochemistry,we obtain the following several understandings.
1. Dashuigou Te Ore is dual controlled by regional ductile shear zone and deep magma upwelling microstructure. According to mining strata Te is much higher than the Clark value of the crust (300-15000 times), showing the Paleozoic strata in the Te enrichment carried out in advance.
2.Since the Triassic tectonic, the regional stress field experienced a north-south compression→north-south extensional detachment (thrust)→east-west contraction extrusion (shear)→east-west extensional tectonic evolution.
3. In mineralization and mineralization, due to the changing of regional stress field (thrust, slip shear zone activities), resulting in twisting and stretching occur ore, ore bodies occur as S-type and anti-S-bend, appears to pinch out in the reappearance of a partial enlargement of the profile. The principal stress direction of compression performance for the NE-SW contraction→SN and EW→EW extension of the evolutionary process.
4. Structural control laws:The Anning River fault is the structure for the lead mines, the two ductile shear zone with ore and lead ore for the construction, mining area near north-south crack to the main sub-The ore-hosting structure. According to Mick NO1 tons of veins plane and profile contour analysis, of about 50m-70m to a peak, but gradually pinch the trend shown in the section on the north to the collapse of the characteristics of the East
5. By analyzing the quartz flakes of construction of directional fabric of F1 fault, mining mineral deformation is stronger in Dashuigou mining area, it showes consistention with the macro-judgments.
6. Using Mapgis spatial,We delineated five prospecting areas to guide the work of prospecting and exploration for the next step.
引文
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[2]Thompson TB,Tripple AD,and Dwelley PC Mineralized veins And breccias of the cripple creek ditrict, Colorado,Econ,Geol,1985,80:1669-1688.
[3]骆耀南,付德明,周绍东等.四川省石棉县大水沟碲矿床地质与成因[J].四川地质学报,1994,14(2)：101-110.
[4]银剑钊,陈毓川,周剑雄,世界首例独立碲矿床赋矿围岩的地质地球化学研究[J].长春地质学院学报,1996,26(3)：322-326.
[5]毛景文、魏家秀,大水沟碲矿床流体包裹体的He、Ar同位素组成及其示踪成矿流体的来源[J].地球学报,2000,17(1)：58-61
[6]李保华,曹志敏,温春齐,大水沟碲矿床矿脉特征及包裹体类型[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2000,19(4)：346-347.
[7]马东,四川石棉碲矿床成矿的地球化学机理[D].成都理工大学硕士论文.2007.
[8]许志琴,侯立伟,松潘甘孜造山带的造山过程[M].北京地质出版社
[9]涂光炽等,分散元素地球化学及成矿机制[M].地质出版社.2004.2.
[10]西油坊幅区域地质调查报告.四川地质矿产勘查开发局区域地质调查队.1996.5.
[11]刘家铎,张成江,扬子地台西南缘成矿规律及找矿方向[M].北京：地质出版社,2004.
[12]Nie S,Yin A,Rowley D B,Jin Y.Exhumation of Dabie Shanultra-high-pressure rocks and accumulation of songpan-Ganzi flysh sequence, central China[J].Geology,1994,22(11):999-1002.
[13]石棉幅区域地质调查报告.四川地矿局区域地质调查队.1974.1.
[14]陈新跃,铧厂沟金矿床构造特征及其对金矿的控制作用[D],长安大学,2003.
[15]曹志敏,大水沟碲矿床成矿条件与碲的成矿机理研究[D].成都理工大学博士论文,1995.
[16]毛景文,陈毓川,周剑雄等,四川省石棉县大水沟碲矿床地质、矿物学 和地球化学[J].地球学报,1995(3)：276-290.
[17]曹志敏,骆耀南,四川石棉碲铋矿床地质特征与物质组分[A].第五届全国矿床会议论文集[C]北京地质出版社.1993,476-478.
[18]王汝成,陆建军,陈小明,四川石棉大水沟碲矿床成因探讨[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2000,19(4)：348-349.
[19]夏廷高,孙传敏,尹建忠,四川挖角坝地区辉绿岩脉岩石学特征及成因研究[J],地质与勘探,2005,41(4)：57-61.
[20]郭建强,游在平,王大可.松潘—甘孜造山带东侧变形变质作用[J].中国区域地质,1999,312-319.
[21]翟裕生,关于控矿构造研究的思考[J].矿床地质,1994,13(增刊)：117-119.
[22]翟裕生,成矿构造的问题和展望[J].地质轮平,2002,48(3)：140-160.
[23]翟裕生,林新多.矿田构造学[M].北京：地质出版社,1993
[24]陈国达,成矿构造研究[M].北京：地质出版社,1985：1-5.
[25]SengSr A M C.Tectonic subdivisions and evolution of Asia[J]. Bull Techn UnivIstanb,1985:46:355-435.
[26]张云湘,骆耀南,杨崇喜,攀西裂古成矿带[M].北京：地质出版社,1988.
[27]单文琅、宋鸿林等,构造变形分析的理论、方法和实践.中国地质大学出版社.1991.
[28]R.G.J.Streens.The physics and chemistry of minerals and rocks.New Yorkr:Wiley,1-976.
[29]Hong JP and Miyata T. Strike-slip origin of Cretaceous Mazhan Basin,Tan-lu fault zone[J],Shandong,east China.The Island Arc.1999. 130-149.
[30]Dobra J L The Us gold industry 1996.Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology.Special Publication 21.1997.
[31]刘忠民,剪切带流体与蚀变和金矿成矿作用[J].地学前缘,2001,20(4)：271-275.
[32]李四光,地质力学概论.北京：地质出版社,19.73,10-100.
[33]罗孝桓,断裂几何学、运动学特征及其对金矿体就位控制研究—以黔西南卡琳型金矿为例[J].贵州地质,1997a,14(1)：46-54.
[34]Bayanova N.N.and Ryzerenko B.N.,Computer simulation of the Au-Cl-Na-H2O system in relation to the transport and deposition of gold in hydrothermal processes[J],Geo-chemistry Internationl.1981.
[35]胡玲,显微构造地质学概论[M].北京：地质出版社.1998.
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