基于技术标准化的高技术企业联盟绩效影响因素研究
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摘要
随着网络经济时代的到来,经济全球化的步伐越来越快。经济增长模式发生了根本性转变,且发展呈现新的趋势：首先,技术创新是现代经济增长最主要的推动力。近年来,科技资源流动与重组呈现跨国化、网络化趋势,尤其是,跨国公司在世界范围内布局R&D体系,建立技术联盟和合作研发项目,广泛开展技术专利、技术诀窍和技术标准许可活动。其次,技术标准作为实现系统产品各模块之间的契合、兼容,并联接从R&D到市场化的全过程的基本要素成为高技术等产业竞争的焦点,关系到国家产业技术进步和国际竞争力。再次,在高技术等现代产业中,技术复杂性和创新模块性使垄断与竞争并存,合作与联盟成为产业组织的重要形式；产业生态必将表现为技术、产品、环境和谐发展,多环节、多企业、多文化融合共进。
本文基于技术标准化发展的四个环节,即R&D协作网络化、R&D成果专利化、专利技术标准化和技术标准产业化等,构建了技术标准化、联盟治理与高技术企业联盟绩效的结构方程模型。通过对理论分析,本研究构建了一套基于技术标准化的高技术企业联盟绩效影响因素的指标体系,初始问卷共涉及64个变量,最终确定为16个变量,通过对湖南、广东、江苏以及上海等省、直辖市的高技术企业进行问卷调查,对联盟绩效的影响因素进行实证研究。研究结果表明大部分的理论假设得到有效的验证,模型的拟合度较高,这为高技术企业在技术标准联盟中展开技术标准化合作提供一个较新的研究视角。
With the arrival of the ear of network economy, the pace of the globalization is becoming faster and faster. The model of economic has undergone a fundamental change, which presents new trends. First, technological innovation is the main driving force of modern economic growth. The flow and reorganization of scientific and technological resources is international and networking, in particular, multinational companies have built the R&D system all over the world, established the technology alliance and operated R&D with other companies, licensed patent, know-how and technical standards abroad. Second, Technical standards, which is the conjunction of the various modules in the system and the basic elements of the whole process from the R&D to market become the focus of competition in high-tech industries which are related to the national industrial and technological progress and international competitiveness. Third, the technical complexity and innovative module makes the coexistence of monopoly and competition in the high-tech industry, cooperation and alliances become the important industrial organization; industrial ecology will show the technical, product and environment harmonious development, multi-link, multi-enterprise, multi-cultural integrated.
Based on the development of four stages of technical standardization, which are R&D collaboration networks, R&D results of patenting, patented technology standardization and technical standards industrialization, we build the structural equation model of technology standardization, governance and the alliance performance of high-tech enterprises. According to theoretical analysis, we constructed a set of alliance performance influence index system of high-tech enterprises, the initial questionnaire involving 64 indicators, eventually identified 16 variables, and we had taken survey of high-tech enterprises from Hunan, Guangdong, Jiangsu and Shanghai, to study the factors affecting of the alliance performance. The results show that the most effective verification of assumptions is reasonable, we provide a new way for high-tech enterprises in the technical standards alliance for the development of technical standardization cooperation.
本文基于技术标准化发展的四个环节,即R&D协作网络化、R&D成果专利化、专利技术标准化和技术标准产业化等,构建了技术标准化、联盟治理与高技术企业联盟绩效的结构方程模型。通过对理论分析,本研究构建了一套基于技术标准化的高技术企业联盟绩效影响因素的指标体系,初始问卷共涉及64个变量,最终确定为16个变量,通过对湖南、广东、江苏以及上海等省、直辖市的高技术企业进行问卷调查,对联盟绩效的影响因素进行实证研究。研究结果表明大部分的理论假设得到有效的验证,模型的拟合度较高,这为高技术企业在技术标准联盟中展开技术标准化合作提供一个较新的研究视角。
With the arrival of the ear of network economy, the pace of the globalization is becoming faster and faster. The model of economic has undergone a fundamental change, which presents new trends. First, technological innovation is the main driving force of modern economic growth. The flow and reorganization of scientific and technological resources is international and networking, in particular, multinational companies have built the R&D system all over the world, established the technology alliance and operated R&D with other companies, licensed patent, know-how and technical standards abroad. Second, Technical standards, which is the conjunction of the various modules in the system and the basic elements of the whole process from the R&D to market become the focus of competition in high-tech industries which are related to the national industrial and technological progress and international competitiveness. Third, the technical complexity and innovative module makes the coexistence of monopoly and competition in the high-tech industry, cooperation and alliances become the important industrial organization; industrial ecology will show the technical, product and environment harmonious development, multi-link, multi-enterprise, multi-cultural integrated.
Based on the development of four stages of technical standardization, which are R&D collaboration networks, R&D results of patenting, patented technology standardization and technical standards industrialization, we build the structural equation model of technology standardization, governance and the alliance performance of high-tech enterprises. According to theoretical analysis, we constructed a set of alliance performance influence index system of high-tech enterprises, the initial questionnaire involving 64 indicators, eventually identified 16 variables, and we had taken survey of high-tech enterprises from Hunan, Guangdong, Jiangsu and Shanghai, to study the factors affecting of the alliance performance. The results show that the most effective verification of assumptions is reasonable, we provide a new way for high-tech enterprises in the technical standards alliance for the development of technical standardization cooperation.
引文
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[29]Keil T. De-facto standardization through alliances-lessons from bluetooth. Telecommunications Policy,2002,26:205-213
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