高压断路器永磁操动机构优化设计的研究
|
摘要
智能电网已经成为当今世界电力系统发展变革的最新方向,同时智能配电网又是研究的重点。永磁机构真空断路器作为配电网中系统控制、保护的重要设备,其智能化一直是关注的热点。其要求断路器能更快速动作,分散性更小,可靠性更高,最终达到同步关合的要求。同时操动机构是决定断路器操控性能的重要部件之一,本文以现有永磁操动机构的结构为基础,优化设计一种新型分相单稳态永磁机构,适应了断路器未来发展的需要。
文中首先介绍了真空断路器及永磁操动机构特点与发展现状,并详细阐述目前国内外关于永磁操动机构优化研究现状,同时提出采用遗传算法优化设计永磁机构的思想。二至五章为论文主体部分,确定了配真空断路器单稳态永磁操动机构理论研究方法。以现有柱上开关为研究对象,通过搭建的试验平台,验证了理论研究方法的准确性。依据新的工作原理初步设计了一台新型分相单稳态永磁机构,并定性分析初步设计的新型永磁机构结构对性能参数的影响。分析结果表明通过调整新型机构的部件结构,性能有较大的提高。同时为适应智能电网对断路器的更高要求,对初步设计的新型永磁操动机构进行优化设计研究,包括机构与断路器本体传动环节的优化;机构与真空灭弧室采用完全对称设计,采用直动连接,省去过多传动部件,机构的可靠性大大提高。应用遗传算法对新型分相永磁机构本体进行优化,建立了以机构总体积为目标函数的目标数学优化模型,选择了合适的优化变量和约束条件,所得优化结果表明,机构总体积有较大减小。本文最终对优化设计结果进行了动态仿真,并研制样机将其配在户外真空断路器本体上进行试验、分析及适当的调试,使其达到规定的试验指标。并依据实验数据对新型分相永磁机构控制系统进行了初步研究。
The intelligent electrical network has already become the newest development direction of the world electrical power system,simultaneously it is the research focus of intelligent distribution network.The intellectualization of vacuum circuit breaker for permanent magnetic machanism has been the attention hot spot.It is requests that the circuit breaker have the faster movement, the smaller dispersivity and the higher reliability. Finally it meets the requirements of synchronization.Actuator is the important parts which decide the performance of circuit breaker.
According to the structure of the existing permanent magnetic actuator, a kind of new phase splitting monostable permanent magnetic machanism is optimum designed the paper the optimization design organization, met the future development of circuit breaker,in this paper.The characteristic and the development present situation of the vacuum circuit breaker for permanent magnetic actuator is introduced. The optimization research situation is formulated,simultaneously proposed that the thought of optimum design with the genetic algorithm for permanent magnetic .Two to five chapters for the paper is main part.The fundamental research method of the vacuum circuit breaker for the monostable permanent magnetic actuator. Take the existing column switch as the study object, through the build experimental platform, has confirmed the fundamental research method accuracy. Then the ZW32A-12/D630-20 vacuum circuit breaker is improved.The processing prototype test result indicated that the performance has the big enhancement.
The higher request of the circuit breaker is applied in the intelligence electrical network. The improved permanent magnetic actuator is optimizaed include the drive gear, internal structure. The new phase splitting permanent magnetic mechanism is optimized using the genetic algorithm and establish the mathematical model, at the same time has chosen the appropriate optimized variable and the constraints.the obtained optimized result indicated that the volume of the machanism and is reduced greatly.it have a dynamic simulation based on optimization design result in this paper. The experimental target is achieved by the the experiment, the analysis and the suitable debugging. the entire measuring process and the data record is recorded by the memory oscilloscope.the control system of the new phase splitting permanent magnetic mechanism is researched based on the empirical data .
文中首先介绍了真空断路器及永磁操动机构特点与发展现状,并详细阐述目前国内外关于永磁操动机构优化研究现状,同时提出采用遗传算法优化设计永磁机构的思想。二至五章为论文主体部分,确定了配真空断路器单稳态永磁操动机构理论研究方法。以现有柱上开关为研究对象,通过搭建的试验平台,验证了理论研究方法的准确性。依据新的工作原理初步设计了一台新型分相单稳态永磁机构,并定性分析初步设计的新型永磁机构结构对性能参数的影响。分析结果表明通过调整新型机构的部件结构,性能有较大的提高。同时为适应智能电网对断路器的更高要求,对初步设计的新型永磁操动机构进行优化设计研究,包括机构与断路器本体传动环节的优化;机构与真空灭弧室采用完全对称设计,采用直动连接,省去过多传动部件,机构的可靠性大大提高。应用遗传算法对新型分相永磁机构本体进行优化,建立了以机构总体积为目标函数的目标数学优化模型,选择了合适的优化变量和约束条件,所得优化结果表明,机构总体积有较大减小。本文最终对优化设计结果进行了动态仿真,并研制样机将其配在户外真空断路器本体上进行试验、分析及适当的调试,使其达到规定的试验指标。并依据实验数据对新型分相永磁机构控制系统进行了初步研究。
The intelligent electrical network has already become the newest development direction of the world electrical power system,simultaneously it is the research focus of intelligent distribution network.The intellectualization of vacuum circuit breaker for permanent magnetic machanism has been the attention hot spot.It is requests that the circuit breaker have the faster movement, the smaller dispersivity and the higher reliability. Finally it meets the requirements of synchronization.Actuator is the important parts which decide the performance of circuit breaker.
According to the structure of the existing permanent magnetic actuator, a kind of new phase splitting monostable permanent magnetic machanism is optimum designed the paper the optimization design organization, met the future development of circuit breaker,in this paper.The characteristic and the development present situation of the vacuum circuit breaker for permanent magnetic actuator is introduced. The optimization research situation is formulated,simultaneously proposed that the thought of optimum design with the genetic algorithm for permanent magnetic .Two to five chapters for the paper is main part.The fundamental research method of the vacuum circuit breaker for the monostable permanent magnetic actuator. Take the existing column switch as the study object, through the build experimental platform, has confirmed the fundamental research method accuracy. Then the ZW32A-12/D630-20 vacuum circuit breaker is improved.The processing prototype test result indicated that the performance has the big enhancement.
The higher request of the circuit breaker is applied in the intelligence electrical network. The improved permanent magnetic actuator is optimizaed include the drive gear, internal structure. The new phase splitting permanent magnetic mechanism is optimized using the genetic algorithm and establish the mathematical model, at the same time has chosen the appropriate optimized variable and the constraints.the obtained optimized result indicated that the volume of the machanism and is reduced greatly.it have a dynamic simulation based on optimization design result in this paper. The experimental target is achieved by the the experiment, the analysis and the suitable debugging. the entire measuring process and the data record is recorded by the memory oscilloscope.the control system of the new phase splitting permanent magnetic mechanism is researched based on the empirical data .
引文
[1]林莘,高会军,铁韧永磁操动机构磁场数值计算.高压电器,2000,36(3):3-6.
[2]林莘.永磁机构与真空断路器[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002.
[3]游一民,郑军,罗文科.永磁机构及其发展动态.高压电器,2001,37(1):44-47.
[4]窦晓锋.真空断路器磁力驱动装置.电气时代,2000,(7):20-22.
[5]朱思河.永磁机构断路器的工作原理.煤炭技术,2006,25(6):49-50.
[6]沙声强,王岩,孙世忠.配网自动化系统柱上开关的特点与选型.农村电工,2004,(9):20.
[7]高会军.中压断路器永磁操动机构的研制及动态特性计算与分析:(硕士学位论文).沈阳:沈阳工业大学,2001.
[8]马云涌,王伟.中压真空断路器永磁操动机构的研究.电气时代,2003,(5):106.
[9]谭东现.永磁操动机构设计与动态分析软件开发:(硕士学位论文).沈阳:沈阳工业大学,2006.
[10]崔寒.真空断路器永磁操动机构优化设计研究:(硕士学位论文).沈阳:沈阳工业大学,2006.
[11]于千松.永磁真空断路器的发展.哈尔滨轴承,2006,27(2):49-51.
[12]张月存.真空断路器永磁操动机构的应用与发展.黑龙江电力,2006,28(4):254-255.
[13]孙岗.配网开关设备的几点动向.电器工业,2005,(8):36-38.
[14]林莘.永磁机构与真空断路器.北京:机械工业出版社,2002.17-106.
[15]费鸿俊,张冠生.电磁机构动态特性分析与计算.北京:机械工业出版社,1993.1-10.
[16]金建铭.电磁场有限元方法.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,1998.1-354.
[17]章名涛,肖如鸿.电机的电磁场.北京:机械工业出版社,1988.388-545.
[18]胡之光.电机电磁场的分析与计算.北京:机械工业出版社,1982.183-191.
[19]盛剑霓.电磁场数值分析.西安:西安交通大学出版社,1991.1-274.
[20]王海峰,徐建源.永磁操动机构磁场数值计算和结构分析.高压电器,2002,38(1):11-13.
[21]王海峰.具有机械运动耦合的非线性瞬态磁场的研究:(硕士学位论文).沈阳:沈阳工业大学,2002.
[22]李建基.中压真空断路器的世界市场.电气时代,2002,(12):30-31.
[23] P.Cam pbell,M.V.K.Chari,J.D.Angeio.Tree-dimensional Finite Element Solution of Permanent Magnet Machines.IEEE Trans on MAG.1981,17(6):2997-2999.
[24]方彦.基于永磁机构的智能选相真空断路器的研究和应用:(硕士学位论文).天津:天津大学,2005.
[25]尹华杰,金振荣.有限元方法中永磁励磁的自动处理.微特电机,1993,(4):9-10.
[26]李景天,郑勤红等.用等效磁荷法计算永磁体磁场.云南师范大学学报,1999,19(2):33-36.
[27]汤双清,陈习坤,唐波.永磁体空间磁场的分析计算及其在永磁磁力轴承中的应用.大学物理,2005,24(3):32-36.
[28]尹华杰,何云.永磁电机永磁体的等效模型.微电机,2004,37(6):14-18.
[29]孟庆龙,颜威利.电器数值分析.北京:机械工业出版社,1993.74-292.
[30] K.Reichert,H.Ferudl,W.Vogt.The Calculation of Forces and Torques Within Numerical Magnetic Field Calculation Methods.Proc.Conf.on Computation of Magnetic Field.Oxford,1976:506-509.
[31]高会军,林莘,蔡志远.永磁操动机构磁场计算及动特性分析.沈阳工业大学学报,2000,22(4):490-493.
[32] Reyne G,CSabonnadiere J,Coulomb J L,A Survey of The Main Aspects of Magnetic Forces and Mechanical Behavior of Ferromagnetic Materials Under Magnetization.IEEE Transaction on Magnetics,1987,23(5):3240-3242.
[33] Coulomb J L.A Methology for The Determination of Global Electromechanical Quantities Form A Finite Element Analysis and Its Application to the Evaluation of Magnetic Forces,Torques and StilTness.IEEE Transaction on magnetics,1983,19(6):2514-2519.
[34]张龙.中压断路器永磁操动机构的研究:(硕士学位论文).河北:河北工业大学,2003.
[35] Ren Z,Razek A.A Strong Coupled Model for analyzing Dynamic Behaviours of Non-linear Electro-mechanical Systems.IEEE Transaction on magnetics,1994,30(5):3252-3255.
[36] Ren Z,Razek A.Modeling of dynamical Behaviors of Electromagneto-Mechanical Coupled Systems.IEEE conference,second international conference on computation in electromagnetic,Nottingham.1994,(1):12-14.
[37] Nowak L,Kowalski K.The 3D coupled field-circuit simulation of trasients in nonlinear systems.IEEE Transaction on Magnetics,1996,32(3):1078-1081.
[38]符曦.系统最优化及控制,北京:机械工业出版社,1998.305-374.
[39]席少霖.最优化计算方法,上海:上海科学技术出版社,1983.103-200.
[40]赵进尚.高压真空开关新型操动机构的动特性研究:(硕士学位论文).北京:华北电力大学,2003.
[41]沈忠威,薛培鑫.浅谈真空断路器触头自闭力与合闸弹跳.高压电器,2004,40(5):385-387.
[42] Z Li,L A Renforth,D K Auckland,et al.Computer aided optimal design of magnetic actuator for auto-recloser application,Trends in distribution switchgear.IEE Conference Publication,10-12 November,1998:80-85.
[43] A J K Lammers,P P Leufkens,G C Schoorenberg.MV vacuum switchgear based on magnetic actuator,Trends in distribution swiechgear.IEE Conference Publication, 10-12 November,1998:86-90.
[44]张志良.高压断路器触头的动态计算.上海电器技术,1993,(2):1-7.
[45]楼家法.高压开关机构设计.北京:机械工业出版社,1981. 17-43.
[46]徐国政等.高压断路器原理和应用.北京:清华大学出版社,2000.417-430.
[47]林莘,徐建源,高会军.永磁操动机构动态特性计算与分析.中国电机工程学报,2002,22(6):85-88.
[48] Lin Xin,Gao Huijun,Xu Jianyuan.Calculation an Analysis of the Coupled Problem in the Permanent Magnetic Actuator for Vacuum Circuit Breaker.IEEE CEFC2000.Mil waukeee,USA,2000,6:487-490.
[49]厉雷,高劭鸿.真空开关电器运动特性的计算.电气开关,1998,(1):28-36.
[50]厉雷,高劭鸿.真空开关电器运动特性的计算(续).电气开关,1998,(2):40-45.
[51]汪倩,陈德桂,李兴文等.一种分析多连杆永磁操动机构动态特性的方法.中国电机工程学报,2006,26(7):128-133.
[2]林莘.永磁机构与真空断路器[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002.
[3]游一民,郑军,罗文科.永磁机构及其发展动态.高压电器,2001,37(1):44-47.
[4]窦晓锋.真空断路器磁力驱动装置.电气时代,2000,(7):20-22.
[5]朱思河.永磁机构断路器的工作原理.煤炭技术,2006,25(6):49-50.
[6]沙声强,王岩,孙世忠.配网自动化系统柱上开关的特点与选型.农村电工,2004,(9):20.
[7]高会军.中压断路器永磁操动机构的研制及动态特性计算与分析:(硕士学位论文).沈阳:沈阳工业大学,2001.
[8]马云涌,王伟.中压真空断路器永磁操动机构的研究.电气时代,2003,(5):106.
[9]谭东现.永磁操动机构设计与动态分析软件开发:(硕士学位论文).沈阳:沈阳工业大学,2006.
[10]崔寒.真空断路器永磁操动机构优化设计研究:(硕士学位论文).沈阳:沈阳工业大学,2006.
[11]于千松.永磁真空断路器的发展.哈尔滨轴承,2006,27(2):49-51.
[12]张月存.真空断路器永磁操动机构的应用与发展.黑龙江电力,2006,28(4):254-255.
[13]孙岗.配网开关设备的几点动向.电器工业,2005,(8):36-38.
[14]林莘.永磁机构与真空断路器.北京:机械工业出版社,2002.17-106.
[15]费鸿俊,张冠生.电磁机构动态特性分析与计算.北京:机械工业出版社,1993.1-10.
[16]金建铭.电磁场有限元方法.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,1998.1-354.
[17]章名涛,肖如鸿.电机的电磁场.北京:机械工业出版社,1988.388-545.
[18]胡之光.电机电磁场的分析与计算.北京:机械工业出版社,1982.183-191.
[19]盛剑霓.电磁场数值分析.西安:西安交通大学出版社,1991.1-274.
[20]王海峰,徐建源.永磁操动机构磁场数值计算和结构分析.高压电器,2002,38(1):11-13.
[21]王海峰.具有机械运动耦合的非线性瞬态磁场的研究:(硕士学位论文).沈阳:沈阳工业大学,2002.
[22]李建基.中压真空断路器的世界市场.电气时代,2002,(12):30-31.
[23] P.Cam pbell,M.V.K.Chari,J.D.Angeio.Tree-dimensional Finite Element Solution of Permanent Magnet Machines.IEEE Trans on MAG.1981,17(6):2997-2999.
[24]方彦.基于永磁机构的智能选相真空断路器的研究和应用:(硕士学位论文).天津:天津大学,2005.
[25]尹华杰,金振荣.有限元方法中永磁励磁的自动处理.微特电机,1993,(4):9-10.
[26]李景天,郑勤红等.用等效磁荷法计算永磁体磁场.云南师范大学学报,1999,19(2):33-36.
[27]汤双清,陈习坤,唐波.永磁体空间磁场的分析计算及其在永磁磁力轴承中的应用.大学物理,2005,24(3):32-36.
[28]尹华杰,何云.永磁电机永磁体的等效模型.微电机,2004,37(6):14-18.
[29]孟庆龙,颜威利.电器数值分析.北京:机械工业出版社,1993.74-292.
[30] K.Reichert,H.Ferudl,W.Vogt.The Calculation of Forces and Torques Within Numerical Magnetic Field Calculation Methods.Proc.Conf.on Computation of Magnetic Field.Oxford,1976:506-509.
[31]高会军,林莘,蔡志远.永磁操动机构磁场计算及动特性分析.沈阳工业大学学报,2000,22(4):490-493.
[32] Reyne G,CSabonnadiere J,Coulomb J L,A Survey of The Main Aspects of Magnetic Forces and Mechanical Behavior of Ferromagnetic Materials Under Magnetization.IEEE Transaction on Magnetics,1987,23(5):3240-3242.
[33] Coulomb J L.A Methology for The Determination of Global Electromechanical Quantities Form A Finite Element Analysis and Its Application to the Evaluation of Magnetic Forces,Torques and StilTness.IEEE Transaction on magnetics,1983,19(6):2514-2519.
[34]张龙.中压断路器永磁操动机构的研究:(硕士学位论文).河北:河北工业大学,2003.
[35] Ren Z,Razek A.A Strong Coupled Model for analyzing Dynamic Behaviours of Non-linear Electro-mechanical Systems.IEEE Transaction on magnetics,1994,30(5):3252-3255.
[36] Ren Z,Razek A.Modeling of dynamical Behaviors of Electromagneto-Mechanical Coupled Systems.IEEE conference,second international conference on computation in electromagnetic,Nottingham.1994,(1):12-14.
[37] Nowak L,Kowalski K.The 3D coupled field-circuit simulation of trasients in nonlinear systems.IEEE Transaction on Magnetics,1996,32(3):1078-1081.
[38]符曦.系统最优化及控制,北京:机械工业出版社,1998.305-374.
[39]席少霖.最优化计算方法,上海:上海科学技术出版社,1983.103-200.
[40]赵进尚.高压真空开关新型操动机构的动特性研究:(硕士学位论文).北京:华北电力大学,2003.
[41]沈忠威,薛培鑫.浅谈真空断路器触头自闭力与合闸弹跳.高压电器,2004,40(5):385-387.
[42] Z Li,L A Renforth,D K Auckland,et al.Computer aided optimal design of magnetic actuator for auto-recloser application,Trends in distribution switchgear.IEE Conference Publication,10-12 November,1998:80-85.
[43] A J K Lammers,P P Leufkens,G C Schoorenberg.MV vacuum switchgear based on magnetic actuator,Trends in distribution swiechgear.IEE Conference Publication, 10-12 November,1998:86-90.
[44]张志良.高压断路器触头的动态计算.上海电器技术,1993,(2):1-7.
[45]楼家法.高压开关机构设计.北京:机械工业出版社,1981. 17-43.
[46]徐国政等.高压断路器原理和应用.北京:清华大学出版社,2000.417-430.
[47]林莘,徐建源,高会军.永磁操动机构动态特性计算与分析.中国电机工程学报,2002,22(6):85-88.
[48] Lin Xin,Gao Huijun,Xu Jianyuan.Calculation an Analysis of the Coupled Problem in the Permanent Magnetic Actuator for Vacuum Circuit Breaker.IEEE CEFC2000.Mil waukeee,USA,2000,6:487-490.
[49]厉雷,高劭鸿.真空开关电器运动特性的计算.电气开关,1998,(1):28-36.
[50]厉雷,高劭鸿.真空开关电器运动特性的计算(续).电气开关,1998,(2):40-45.
[51]汪倩,陈德桂,李兴文等.一种分析多连杆永磁操动机构动态特性的方法.中国电机工程学报,2006,26(7):128-133.