GETM12P60永磁同步曳引机的机械性能分析
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摘要
电梯是解决垂直方向升降运载作业的工具,是目前支撑城市向空中延伸的科技手段。现代电梯主要由轿厢、曳引机、对重和滑轮几部分组成,“曳引机是电梯的心脏”,而永磁同步曳引机更是代表着曳引机新的技术和发展潮流,是电梯强劲有力并且节能环保的心脏。传统的永磁同步曳引机有着效率高等优点,但是编码器放置在外面,造成曳引机体积庞大,又使编码器不易安装并且容易损坏。经过改装设计把曳引机的主轴设计成空心主轴,把编码器后置放置在空心主轴内可以有效解决上述问题。
本文以东奥电梯公司的GETM12P60永磁同步曳引机为原型,在参照其实物图的基础上建立永磁同步曳引机的二维图纸,然后建立力学模型为静力分析做准备,利用Pro/E软件建立起永磁同步曳引机的三维结构模型,将其三维模型导入有限元分析软件ANSYS中,采用通用化有限元分析软件ANSYS作为分析工具。为了研究改装后永磁同步曳引机强度和刚度问题是否满足要求,对永磁同步曳引机进行整体静力分析,同时永磁同步曳引机在工作环境下不可避免的会受到各种形式的振动和冲击,为了检验优化后的永磁同步曳引机不仅要满足静态要求,还要满足永磁同步曳引机的动态要求,对永磁同步曳引机进行整体模态分析,通过对永磁同步曳引机在外界激励下的固有特性分析,发现虽然永磁同步曳引机在各个方向上存在一定的弯曲与扭转,但仍然满足使用要求。
本文的研究工作,为解决永磁同步曳引机体积庞大、编码器容易损坏的问题提供了一种新思路,为永磁同步曳引机的优化设计提供了理论依据。对永磁同步曳引机的模态分析也为永磁同步曳引机进一步的动态分析奠定了基础。
Elevator, the tool to resolve the vertical direction lifting transport, is the scientific and technological means currently supporting city extending to the upper air. Modern elevator mainly consists of cage, traction machine, counter weight and chain wheel.“Traction machine is the heart of lift.”Toothless permanent magnet synchronous traction machine can ensure that lift is strong powerful, and achieve the effect of energy and environment conservation. It represents the traction machine new technological direction and development trends. Although traditional permanent magnet synchronous traction machine has high transfer efficiency, the encoder which placed on the outside will make the traction machine size huge and also easy damage itself. According refit design, hollow spindle as the main axis of the traction machine, and putting the encoder in it, can effectively solve the aforesaid problem.
This study based on the OTIS elevator company’s GETM12P60 permanent magnet synchronous traction machine prototype. Referring to the picture of real products, draft the 2D graphics, and establish the mechanical model for the preparation of static analysis. Then using Pro/E software establish 3D structure model which is imported to the finite element analysis software ANSYS. In order to study the modified permanent magnet synchronous traction machine whether conform to the strength and rigidity requirements, using generalization finite element analysis software ANSYS as the analytical tool, an overall static analysis is carried out. The working permanent magnet synchronous traction machine will be inevitable suffered the various forms of vibration and shock. In order to test the meeting static demands optimized rack whether to meet the dynamic characteristic, an overall modal analysis for permanent magnet synchronous traction machine is carried on. Through the inherent characteristic analysis under external motivation for the permanent magnet synchronous traction machine, there is a certain degree of bending and torsion in every direction, but it still meets the use requirement.
This research provides a new method to solve the problems for the huge size permanent magnet synchronous traction machine and easily damaged encoder. Meanwhile, optimal design of the permanent magnet synchronous traction machine has found a theoretical basis. The modal analysis of the permanent magnet synchronous traction machine lays the foundation for the further dynamic analysis.
本文以东奥电梯公司的GETM12P60永磁同步曳引机为原型,在参照其实物图的基础上建立永磁同步曳引机的二维图纸,然后建立力学模型为静力分析做准备,利用Pro/E软件建立起永磁同步曳引机的三维结构模型,将其三维模型导入有限元分析软件ANSYS中,采用通用化有限元分析软件ANSYS作为分析工具。为了研究改装后永磁同步曳引机强度和刚度问题是否满足要求,对永磁同步曳引机进行整体静力分析,同时永磁同步曳引机在工作环境下不可避免的会受到各种形式的振动和冲击,为了检验优化后的永磁同步曳引机不仅要满足静态要求,还要满足永磁同步曳引机的动态要求,对永磁同步曳引机进行整体模态分析,通过对永磁同步曳引机在外界激励下的固有特性分析,发现虽然永磁同步曳引机在各个方向上存在一定的弯曲与扭转,但仍然满足使用要求。
本文的研究工作,为解决永磁同步曳引机体积庞大、编码器容易损坏的问题提供了一种新思路,为永磁同步曳引机的优化设计提供了理论依据。对永磁同步曳引机的模态分析也为永磁同步曳引机进一步的动态分析奠定了基础。
Elevator, the tool to resolve the vertical direction lifting transport, is the scientific and technological means currently supporting city extending to the upper air. Modern elevator mainly consists of cage, traction machine, counter weight and chain wheel.“Traction machine is the heart of lift.”Toothless permanent magnet synchronous traction machine can ensure that lift is strong powerful, and achieve the effect of energy and environment conservation. It represents the traction machine new technological direction and development trends. Although traditional permanent magnet synchronous traction machine has high transfer efficiency, the encoder which placed on the outside will make the traction machine size huge and also easy damage itself. According refit design, hollow spindle as the main axis of the traction machine, and putting the encoder in it, can effectively solve the aforesaid problem.
This study based on the OTIS elevator company’s GETM12P60 permanent magnet synchronous traction machine prototype. Referring to the picture of real products, draft the 2D graphics, and establish the mechanical model for the preparation of static analysis. Then using Pro/E software establish 3D structure model which is imported to the finite element analysis software ANSYS. In order to study the modified permanent magnet synchronous traction machine whether conform to the strength and rigidity requirements, using generalization finite element analysis software ANSYS as the analytical tool, an overall static analysis is carried out. The working permanent magnet synchronous traction machine will be inevitable suffered the various forms of vibration and shock. In order to test the meeting static demands optimized rack whether to meet the dynamic characteristic, an overall modal analysis for permanent magnet synchronous traction machine is carried on. Through the inherent characteristic analysis under external motivation for the permanent magnet synchronous traction machine, there is a certain degree of bending and torsion in every direction, but it still meets the use requirement.
This research provides a new method to solve the problems for the huge size permanent magnet synchronous traction machine and easily damaged encoder. Meanwhile, optimal design of the permanent magnet synchronous traction machine has found a theoretical basis. The modal analysis of the permanent magnet synchronous traction machine lays the foundation for the further dynamic analysis.
引文
[1]吴国政.电梯原理使用维护[M].北京:电子工业出版社,1999.
[2]朱昌明..电梯与自动扶梯.上海:上海交通大学出版社,1995.
[3]电梯行业.永磁曳引机发展技术高层论坛.http://dt.shejis.com/cpzt/200905/article_19920_1.html 2009-05-30
[4] YanLH,LeungTP,LiDB,etal.Theoretical and experimental study of modal strain analysis[J].J Sound and Vibration,1996,191(2) : 251-260.
[5]任兴权.控制系统计算机仿真与辅助设计,沈阳:东北大学出版社,1986.
[6] Hetch_Nielson R.Theory of the back propagation netural network.Proceedings of International Conference netural networks,1989: 593-603.
[7] Rahman M F Zhong L,Hu W Y, et al. An Investigation of Direct and Indirect Torque Controllers for PM Synchronous Motor Drives[C].Proc. of Intemational Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems,1997.
[8]李柱国.机械设计与理论[M]..北京:科学出版社,2004.
[9]王武.永磁同步无齿轮曳引电梯[J].中国电梯.2008.
[10]朱伯芳.有限单元法原理与应用(第二版).北京:中国水利水电出版社,1998.
[11]龙志飞,岑松.有限元法新论原理·程序·进展.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2001.
[12] V.B.Venkayya,N.S.Knot,V.S.Reddy.Optimization of structure based on the Study of strain energy distribution.AFFDL-TR-68-150,1998:111-153.
[13]刘惟信.机械最优化设计.北京:清华大学出版社,2002.
[14]高峰.用田口质量管理方法在电梯曳引机研发中的应用:(硕士论文) .沈阳:沈阳工业大学.2007.
[15]余俊主.中国机械设计大典.江西:江西科学技术出版社, 2002.
[16]覃文洁,左正兴,刘玉桐等.机床整机的动态特性分析.北京:机械设计,2000(10) :10-12.
[17]龚曙光.ANSYS基础应用及范例解析.北京:机械工业出版社,2003.
[18]马迅.轻型客车车身结构刚度与模态的有限元分析.西安:机械科学与技术,2002(1) :86-88.
[19]薛守义.有限单元法.北京:中国建材工业出版社,2008.
[20] Rahman M F Zhong L,Hu W Y, et al. An Investigation of Direct and Indirect Torque Controllers for PM Synchronous Motor Drives[C].Proc. of Intemational Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems,1997.
[21]芮斌,王惠玉.用ANSYS软件对柴油机摇臂轴座进行计算分析.大连:内燃机车,2008(8) :19-21.
[22] LeeJaehyung,ThompsonDJ,YooHongHee,LeeJangMoo.Vibration analysis of avehicle body and suspension system using as ub structure synthesis method[J].2000,24.
[23]陈志平,施浒立.三维实体建模与有限元分析的关系.南京:电子机械工程,2002,18(3) :21-22.
[24]钱令希.关于结构力学发展的思考.计算结构力学及应用,1994, (11):1-8.
[25]杜平安.结构有限元分析的形状处理方法.贵阳:机械与电子,2000(1):26-27.
[26]王涛,朱文坚.摩擦制动器—原理、结构和设计.广州:华南理工大学出版社,1996.
[27]李世芸,李功宇,张曙红.ANSYS10.0基础及应用实例.北京:中国科学文化出版社,2005.
[28]侯秀珍.机械系统设计.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2001.
[29]陈波,刘延林.轻型客车车架动态应力应变特性分析.洛阳:洛阳大学学报,2002,17(4) :76~81.
[30]张智明,李预斌.精通PRO/ENGINEER中文野火版.北京:中国青年出版社,2004.
[31]黄祖瑗,耿长青.有限元动力分析非线性分析应注意的问题.郑州:机械强度,2000.
[32]王庆五,胡仁喜.ANSYS10.0机械设计高级应用实例[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2007.
[33] Hani M.Negma,Karam Y.Maalawib,Structural design optimization of wind turbine towers. Computers and Structures,2000.
[34] Sellgren U,Colfsson U.Application of a constitutive model for microslip in finite element analysis[J].Comput Mech Appl Mesh Engng,1999.
[35] E.Rohan,J.R.Whiteman.Shape optimization of elasto-plastic structures and continua.Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering.2000(187) :261-288.
[36]陈精一,蔡国忠.电脑辅助工程分析ANSYS使用指南[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2001.
[37]傅永华.有限元分析基础[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2003.
[38]王勖成,邵敏.有限单元法基本原理和数值方法[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2007.
[39]许素强,夏人伟.结构优化方法研究综述[J] .北京:航空学报,1995(4) :385-396.
[40]赵先琼,杨晓红.ANSYS有限元分析与10节点块单元.岳阳:岳阳师范学院学报.2001(3) :29-31.
[41]赵波,龚勉,屠建中.PRO/E CAD实用教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
[42]李黎明.ANSYS有限元分析实用教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2007.
[43] Jason Carter. FEA Coupled With Design. Mechanical Engineering, 2005(1) :19-21.
[44] ANSYS5.5,ANSYS APDL Guide,ANSYS.Inc,1998.
[45] Susnne C Bernner,L Ridgway Scott. The Mathematical Theory of Finite Element Methods. Springer-Verlag,1998.
[46] ANSYS5.5,ANSYS Advanced Alysis Techniques Guide,ANSYS.Inc,1998.
[47]朱伯芳.有限单元法原理和应用[M],第二版.北京:中国水利电力出版社,1998.
[2]朱昌明..电梯与自动扶梯.上海:上海交通大学出版社,1995.
[3]电梯行业.永磁曳引机发展技术高层论坛.http://dt.shejis.com/cpzt/200905/article_19920_1.html 2009-05-30
[4] YanLH,LeungTP,LiDB,etal.Theoretical and experimental study of modal strain analysis[J].J Sound and Vibration,1996,191(2) : 251-260.
[5]任兴权.控制系统计算机仿真与辅助设计,沈阳:东北大学出版社,1986.
[6] Hetch_Nielson R.Theory of the back propagation netural network.Proceedings of International Conference netural networks,1989: 593-603.
[7] Rahman M F Zhong L,Hu W Y, et al. An Investigation of Direct and Indirect Torque Controllers for PM Synchronous Motor Drives[C].Proc. of Intemational Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems,1997.
[8]李柱国.机械设计与理论[M]..北京:科学出版社,2004.
[9]王武.永磁同步无齿轮曳引电梯[J].中国电梯.2008.
[10]朱伯芳.有限单元法原理与应用(第二版).北京:中国水利水电出版社,1998.
[11]龙志飞,岑松.有限元法新论原理·程序·进展.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2001.
[12] V.B.Venkayya,N.S.Knot,V.S.Reddy.Optimization of structure based on the Study of strain energy distribution.AFFDL-TR-68-150,1998:111-153.
[13]刘惟信.机械最优化设计.北京:清华大学出版社,2002.
[14]高峰.用田口质量管理方法在电梯曳引机研发中的应用:(硕士论文) .沈阳:沈阳工业大学.2007.
[15]余俊主.中国机械设计大典.江西:江西科学技术出版社, 2002.
[16]覃文洁,左正兴,刘玉桐等.机床整机的动态特性分析.北京:机械设计,2000(10) :10-12.
[17]龚曙光.ANSYS基础应用及范例解析.北京:机械工业出版社,2003.
[18]马迅.轻型客车车身结构刚度与模态的有限元分析.西安:机械科学与技术,2002(1) :86-88.
[19]薛守义.有限单元法.北京:中国建材工业出版社,2008.
[20] Rahman M F Zhong L,Hu W Y, et al. An Investigation of Direct and Indirect Torque Controllers for PM Synchronous Motor Drives[C].Proc. of Intemational Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems,1997.
[21]芮斌,王惠玉.用ANSYS软件对柴油机摇臂轴座进行计算分析.大连:内燃机车,2008(8) :19-21.
[22] LeeJaehyung,ThompsonDJ,YooHongHee,LeeJangMoo.Vibration analysis of avehicle body and suspension system using as ub structure synthesis method[J].2000,24.
[23]陈志平,施浒立.三维实体建模与有限元分析的关系.南京:电子机械工程,2002,18(3) :21-22.
[24]钱令希.关于结构力学发展的思考.计算结构力学及应用,1994, (11):1-8.
[25]杜平安.结构有限元分析的形状处理方法.贵阳:机械与电子,2000(1):26-27.
[26]王涛,朱文坚.摩擦制动器—原理、结构和设计.广州:华南理工大学出版社,1996.
[27]李世芸,李功宇,张曙红.ANSYS10.0基础及应用实例.北京:中国科学文化出版社,2005.
[28]侯秀珍.机械系统设计.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2001.
[29]陈波,刘延林.轻型客车车架动态应力应变特性分析.洛阳:洛阳大学学报,2002,17(4) :76~81.
[30]张智明,李预斌.精通PRO/ENGINEER中文野火版.北京:中国青年出版社,2004.
[31]黄祖瑗,耿长青.有限元动力分析非线性分析应注意的问题.郑州:机械强度,2000.
[32]王庆五,胡仁喜.ANSYS10.0机械设计高级应用实例[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2007.
[33] Hani M.Negma,Karam Y.Maalawib,Structural design optimization of wind turbine towers. Computers and Structures,2000.
[34] Sellgren U,Colfsson U.Application of a constitutive model for microslip in finite element analysis[J].Comput Mech Appl Mesh Engng,1999.
[35] E.Rohan,J.R.Whiteman.Shape optimization of elasto-plastic structures and continua.Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering.2000(187) :261-288.
[36]陈精一,蔡国忠.电脑辅助工程分析ANSYS使用指南[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2001.
[37]傅永华.有限元分析基础[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2003.
[38]王勖成,邵敏.有限单元法基本原理和数值方法[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2007.
[39]许素强,夏人伟.结构优化方法研究综述[J] .北京:航空学报,1995(4) :385-396.
[40]赵先琼,杨晓红.ANSYS有限元分析与10节点块单元.岳阳:岳阳师范学院学报.2001(3) :29-31.
[41]赵波,龚勉,屠建中.PRO/E CAD实用教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
[42]李黎明.ANSYS有限元分析实用教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2007.
[43] Jason Carter. FEA Coupled With Design. Mechanical Engineering, 2005(1) :19-21.
[44] ANSYS5.5,ANSYS APDL Guide,ANSYS.Inc,1998.
[45] Susnne C Bernner,L Ridgway Scott. The Mathematical Theory of Finite Element Methods. Springer-Verlag,1998.
[46] ANSYS5.5,ANSYS Advanced Alysis Techniques Guide,ANSYS.Inc,1998.
[47]朱伯芳.有限单元法原理和应用[M],第二版.北京:中国水利电力出版社,1998.