风口上置置换通风系统在办公类建筑中的应用研究
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摘要
自从上世纪70年代能源危机以来,许多国家开始重视建筑节能研究。为减少空调建筑的能耗,人们就在不断的寻找各种节能措施,如提高建筑物的密闭性,减少空调新风量等,但同时也产生了一系列的问题,其中室内空气品质就是一个很突出的问题。为了解决这一矛盾,置换通风系统作为解决手段之一被越来越广泛的应用于公共建筑和民用建筑,因为它不仅能提供更好的空气品质,同时也具有一定的节能效果。但是由于传统的置换通风系统送风速度及送风温差较小,导致其制冷量偏低,应用范围受到限制。在这种情况下人们提出了风口上置置换通风空调系统,该系统可以增大送风温差及送风速度,进而可以提高该系统的制冷量,扩大置换通风的应用范围。
本文针对某开敞式办公室的一个典型区域,采用风口上置置换通风系统,建立了数学物理模型,利用计算流体力学(CFD)软件Airpak,首先对典型工况下室内速度场、温度场、PMV-PPD、空气龄、CO2浓度场进行了模拟计算,分析表明在冷负荷比较大的场合应用该系统是可行的;其次分析研究了送风温度、送风速度、送风口位置等因素对室内空气速度场、温度场及通风效率的影响;最后对风口上置置换通风与混合通风的通风效果进行了对比研究,与混合通风相比,风口上置置换通风不仅能够提供更好的室内空气品质,而且具有一定的节能优势。
本文对风口上置置换通风空调系统进行的模拟研究,对该系统的设计、评价和优化有一定的现实意义,并有助于其在我国的推广应用。
Since the energy crisis in 70s of last century, many countries began to think much of study on building energy saving. To reduce the energy of air-conditioned building, people have been searching for a variety of measures to save energy, such as improving airtightness of buildings and reducing fresh air of air conditioning. However, the steps have caused some problems. Among them,the indoor air quality (IAQ) has been catching more sights. To solve this problem, displacement ventilation system as a measure has been widely used in public buildings and office buildings because it not only can provide better indoor air quality, but also is a energy saving ventilation system. But because of the low air supply velocity and temperature difference, the cooling capacity of traditional displacement ventilation system is small, so the application range of the system has been restricted. In that case, up-fixing diffuser of displacement ventilation (UFDDV) is put forward. This system can increase air supply velocity and temperature difference, so the cooling capacity of UFDDV can be improved and the application range of displacement ventilation can be enlarged.
In the article, the physical and mathematical model for the typical region of an open style office with UFDDV system is established. Firstly, the velocity field, temperature field, PMV-PPD, mean age of air and CO2 concentration field of the typical condition in the room are simulated by the software airpak, analysis shows that the UFDDV system can be used in high cooling load occasion. Secondly, the impacts of air supply temperature, velocity and different high location of the diffuser on the velocity field, temperature field, ventilation efficiency are analyzed. Finally, the UFDDV and mixture ventilation's effect is discussed. Analysis shows that not only better indoor-air quality, but also energy saving advantages can be supplied by UFDDV.
The simulation of the UFDDV has directly meaningful for the design, evaluation and optimization of the system, and it will benefit to the development of the UFDDV system in China.
本文针对某开敞式办公室的一个典型区域,采用风口上置置换通风系统,建立了数学物理模型,利用计算流体力学(CFD)软件Airpak,首先对典型工况下室内速度场、温度场、PMV-PPD、空气龄、CO2浓度场进行了模拟计算,分析表明在冷负荷比较大的场合应用该系统是可行的;其次分析研究了送风温度、送风速度、送风口位置等因素对室内空气速度场、温度场及通风效率的影响;最后对风口上置置换通风与混合通风的通风效果进行了对比研究,与混合通风相比,风口上置置换通风不仅能够提供更好的室内空气品质,而且具有一定的节能优势。
本文对风口上置置换通风空调系统进行的模拟研究,对该系统的设计、评价和优化有一定的现实意义,并有助于其在我国的推广应用。
Since the energy crisis in 70s of last century, many countries began to think much of study on building energy saving. To reduce the energy of air-conditioned building, people have been searching for a variety of measures to save energy, such as improving airtightness of buildings and reducing fresh air of air conditioning. However, the steps have caused some problems. Among them,the indoor air quality (IAQ) has been catching more sights. To solve this problem, displacement ventilation system as a measure has been widely used in public buildings and office buildings because it not only can provide better indoor air quality, but also is a energy saving ventilation system. But because of the low air supply velocity and temperature difference, the cooling capacity of traditional displacement ventilation system is small, so the application range of the system has been restricted. In that case, up-fixing diffuser of displacement ventilation (UFDDV) is put forward. This system can increase air supply velocity and temperature difference, so the cooling capacity of UFDDV can be improved and the application range of displacement ventilation can be enlarged.
In the article, the physical and mathematical model for the typical region of an open style office with UFDDV system is established. Firstly, the velocity field, temperature field, PMV-PPD, mean age of air and CO2 concentration field of the typical condition in the room are simulated by the software airpak, analysis shows that the UFDDV system can be used in high cooling load occasion. Secondly, the impacts of air supply temperature, velocity and different high location of the diffuser on the velocity field, temperature field, ventilation efficiency are analyzed. Finally, the UFDDV and mixture ventilation's effect is discussed. Analysis shows that not only better indoor-air quality, but also energy saving advantages can be supplied by UFDDV.
The simulation of the UFDDV has directly meaningful for the design, evaluation and optimization of the system, and it will benefit to the development of the UFDDV system in China.
引文
1龙惟定.建筑节能与建筑能效管理.北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2005:7~8
2王昭,赵加宁,刘京.室内空气环境.北京:化学工业出版社, 2006: 139~141
3李强民,邓峥,魏书麟.置换通风在中国的应用.暖通空调技术,上海市暖通空调技术交流网, 2000, (2): 15~20
4陈光,王东伟,方正平.置换通风的发展及研究现状.建筑热能通风空调, 2007, 26(2): 23~27
5 Yuan. X, Q. Chen, L R. Glicksman. A Critical Review of Displacement Ventilation. ASHRAE Transactions, 1998, 104(1 A): 78~90
6 Rees, Havas. A Nodal Model for Displacement Ventilation and Chilled Ceiling Systems in Office Spaces. Building and Environment, 2001, (36): 753~762
7 Loveday, D. L, K. C. Parsons, A. H. Taki, S. G.Hodder. Displacement-Ventilation Environments with Chilled Ceilings: Thermal Comfort Design within the Context of the BS EN IS07730 Versus Adaptive Debate. Energy and Buildings, 2002, (34): 573~579
8 Sandberg, C. Blomqvist. Displacement Ventilation Systems in Office Rooms. ASHRAE Transactions, 1989, 95(2): 1041~1049
9 Svensson, A. CzL.Nordic Experience of Displacement Ventilation Systems. ASHRAE Transactions, 1989, 95(2): 1013~1017
10魏京胜.上置置换通风风口特性及气流组织实验研究.西安建筑科技大学硕士论文. 2005: 5~7
11陆亚俊,马最良,邹平华.暖通空调.北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2002: 245~246
12 Q. Chen. Indoor Airflow with Cooled Panel and Radiative Heat Source. ASHARE Trans. 1992, 86(5): 33~42
13 Qingyan Chen. Measurements and Computations of Room Airflow with Displacement Ventilation. ASHRAE Trans1999, 105(1): 340~352
14 Lisabeth Mundt. Ventilation Systems-Convection Flows and Temperature Gradients. Building and Environment. 1995, (30): 750~760
15 T. VJacobsen. Numerical Modeling of Thermal Environment in a Displacement Ventilated Room. Proceeding of the Indoor Air. 1993, 93(5): 115~130
16 Holland. The affect of Location of a Convective Heat Sourceon ventilation: CFD Study. Buildings and Environment, 2001, (36): 883~889
17 T. Karimipanah, H. B. Awbi. Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of Impinging Jet Ventilation and Comparison with Wall Displacement Ventilation. Building and Environment. 2002, (37): 1329~1342
18 T.Karimipanah, H. B. Awbi. Investigation of Air Quality, Comfort Parameters and Effectiveness for Two Floor-Level Air Supply Systems in Classrooms. Building and Environment. 2007, (42): 647~655
19 Youngjun Cho. The Oretical and Experimental Investigation of Wall Confluent Jets Ventilation and Comparison with Wall Displacement Ventilation Building and Environment. 2007, (43): 1091~1100
20朱能,刘珊.置换通风与冷却顶板的热舒适性研究. 2000, (4 ): 64~70
21马仁民,连之伟.置换通风几个问题的讨论.暖通空调. 2000, 30(4): 18~22
22马仁民.末端装置特性对置换通风工作区速度场与温度场的影响.暖通空调, 2003, 33 (3) : 12~16
23倪波.置换通风的实验研究.暖通空调. 2000, 30(5): 2~4
24倪波.双热源置换通风的实验研究.暖通空调, 2002, 32(5): 17~19
25赵建博.风口上置置换通风机理及系统性能实验研究.西安建筑科技大学硕士论文. 2005: 44~45
26赵建博,王智伟.风口上置置换通风的实验研究.建筑节能, 2007, 35(3): 15~17
27魏京胜,王智伟,马仁民.风口上置置换通风及风口选型实验研究.建筑热能通风, 36(3): 10~14
28刘传聚,周林光.置换通风的数值模拟.通风除尘, 1998, (2): 4~7
29鞠硕华,姜允涛,周祖东.置换通风空调房间气流组织的数值模拟.低温建筑技术, 2001, (2): 41~45
30那艳玲,涂光备,于松波.冷却顶板对置换通风的影响:CFD研究.暖通空调, 2005, 35(1): 11~14
31王哓娇.冷却顶板加置换通风空调系统的CFD研究.哈尔滨工程大学硕士文. 2006: 53~54
32王雪.冷却顶板和太阳辐射对置换通风系统的影响与分析.哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文, 2005: 15~16
33王福军.计算流体动力学分析.北京:清华大学出版社, 2004: 2~3, 116~123
34傅斌.地下商业街室内CO2浓度的数值模拟与分析.哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文, 2002: 12~13
35樊洪明.失流洁净室数值模拟与实验研究.哈尔滨建筑大学硕士论文, 1993: 15~16
36郭蓉.流线型送风口顶送洁净室气流组织的数值研究.哈尔滨建筑大学硕士论文, 1997: 14~16
37陶文铨.数值传热学.西安交通大学出版社, 2002: 334~360, 392~398, 194~231
38 Qingyan Chen, Weiran Xu. A Zero-Equation Turbulence Model for Indoor Airflow Simulation. Energy and Buildings, 1998, 2(28): 137~144
39 Jelena Srebric, Qingyan Chen, Leon R. Glicksman. Validation of a Zero-Equation Turbulence Model for Complex Indoor Airflow Simulation. ASHRAE Trans. 1999, 105(2): 414~426
40郭宽良.数值计算传热学.安徽科学技术出版社, 1987: 7~19, 51~53
41章梓雄,董曾南.粘性流体力学.清华大学出版社, 1998: 25~30
42 Chen Q. Comparison of Different k-εModels for Indoor Airflow Computations. Numerical Heat Transfer, Part B, Fundamentals, 1995, (28): 353~369
43 Muller D, U. Renz. Measurements and Prediction of Room Airflow Patterns Using Different Turbulence Models. Proceeding of Roomvent, 1998, (8): 109~116
44 Nieslen P. V. The Selection of Turbulence Models for Prediction of Room Airflow. ASHRAE Trans. 1998, 104(1): 1119~1127
45 Weiran Xu, Qingyan Chen. A Two-Layer Turbulence Model for Simulating Indoor Airflow Part 1: Model Development. Energy and Buildings, 2001, (33): 613~625.
46 Weiran Xu, Qingyan Chen. A Two-Layer Turbulence Model for Simulating Indoor Airflow. Part 2: Applications. Energy and Buildings, 2001, (33): 627~639
47赵彬,李先庭,彦启森.用零方程湍流模型模拟通风空调室内空气流动.清华大学学报(自然科学版), 2001, 41(10): 109~113
48王丽娜.洁净手术室局部顶送单向流形式的数值模拟与改进探讨.哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文,2004: 22~23
49 Airpak英文帮助文件: 55~60
50赵彬,李先庭,胡斌,彦启森.计算流体力学在暖通空调中的应用.制冷空调与电力机械, 2001, (4): 10~14
51姚征,陈康明. CFD通用软件综述.上海理工大学学报, 2002, 24(2): 137~144
52袁峰.顶板辐射-置换通风复合空调室内热环境研究.西安建筑科技大学硕士论文, 2007: 17~18
53熊进华.小空间置换通风空调系统室内空气品质的研究.南京理工大学硕士学位论文, 2006: 19~20
54闵凯.置换通风系统室内流场的实验研究和数值模拟.天津商业大学硕士学位论文, 2007: 19~21
55秦孟昊.置换通风系统在中国的应用问题研究.东华大学硕士学位论文, 2002: 15~20
56董雷.碰撞式射流在办公类建筑中应用的探讨.哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文, 2006: 31~32
57曹建伟.置换通风空调室内空气品质的数值模拟研究.北京交通大学硕士学位论文, 2007: 40
2王昭,赵加宁,刘京.室内空气环境.北京:化学工业出版社, 2006: 139~141
3李强民,邓峥,魏书麟.置换通风在中国的应用.暖通空调技术,上海市暖通空调技术交流网, 2000, (2): 15~20
4陈光,王东伟,方正平.置换通风的发展及研究现状.建筑热能通风空调, 2007, 26(2): 23~27
5 Yuan. X, Q. Chen, L R. Glicksman. A Critical Review of Displacement Ventilation. ASHRAE Transactions, 1998, 104(1 A): 78~90
6 Rees, Havas. A Nodal Model for Displacement Ventilation and Chilled Ceiling Systems in Office Spaces. Building and Environment, 2001, (36): 753~762
7 Loveday, D. L, K. C. Parsons, A. H. Taki, S. G.Hodder. Displacement-Ventilation Environments with Chilled Ceilings: Thermal Comfort Design within the Context of the BS EN IS07730 Versus Adaptive Debate. Energy and Buildings, 2002, (34): 573~579
8 Sandberg, C. Blomqvist. Displacement Ventilation Systems in Office Rooms. ASHRAE Transactions, 1989, 95(2): 1041~1049
9 Svensson, A. CzL.Nordic Experience of Displacement Ventilation Systems. ASHRAE Transactions, 1989, 95(2): 1013~1017
10魏京胜.上置置换通风风口特性及气流组织实验研究.西安建筑科技大学硕士论文. 2005: 5~7
11陆亚俊,马最良,邹平华.暖通空调.北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2002: 245~246
12 Q. Chen. Indoor Airflow with Cooled Panel and Radiative Heat Source. ASHARE Trans. 1992, 86(5): 33~42
13 Qingyan Chen. Measurements and Computations of Room Airflow with Displacement Ventilation. ASHRAE Trans1999, 105(1): 340~352
14 Lisabeth Mundt. Ventilation Systems-Convection Flows and Temperature Gradients. Building and Environment. 1995, (30): 750~760
15 T. VJacobsen. Numerical Modeling of Thermal Environment in a Displacement Ventilated Room. Proceeding of the Indoor Air. 1993, 93(5): 115~130
16 Holland. The affect of Location of a Convective Heat Sourceon ventilation: CFD Study. Buildings and Environment, 2001, (36): 883~889
17 T. Karimipanah, H. B. Awbi. Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of Impinging Jet Ventilation and Comparison with Wall Displacement Ventilation. Building and Environment. 2002, (37): 1329~1342
18 T.Karimipanah, H. B. Awbi. Investigation of Air Quality, Comfort Parameters and Effectiveness for Two Floor-Level Air Supply Systems in Classrooms. Building and Environment. 2007, (42): 647~655
19 Youngjun Cho. The Oretical and Experimental Investigation of Wall Confluent Jets Ventilation and Comparison with Wall Displacement Ventilation Building and Environment. 2007, (43): 1091~1100
20朱能,刘珊.置换通风与冷却顶板的热舒适性研究. 2000, (4 ): 64~70
21马仁民,连之伟.置换通风几个问题的讨论.暖通空调. 2000, 30(4): 18~22
22马仁民.末端装置特性对置换通风工作区速度场与温度场的影响.暖通空调, 2003, 33 (3) : 12~16
23倪波.置换通风的实验研究.暖通空调. 2000, 30(5): 2~4
24倪波.双热源置换通风的实验研究.暖通空调, 2002, 32(5): 17~19
25赵建博.风口上置置换通风机理及系统性能实验研究.西安建筑科技大学硕士论文. 2005: 44~45
26赵建博,王智伟.风口上置置换通风的实验研究.建筑节能, 2007, 35(3): 15~17
27魏京胜,王智伟,马仁民.风口上置置换通风及风口选型实验研究.建筑热能通风, 36(3): 10~14
28刘传聚,周林光.置换通风的数值模拟.通风除尘, 1998, (2): 4~7
29鞠硕华,姜允涛,周祖东.置换通风空调房间气流组织的数值模拟.低温建筑技术, 2001, (2): 41~45
30那艳玲,涂光备,于松波.冷却顶板对置换通风的影响:CFD研究.暖通空调, 2005, 35(1): 11~14
31王哓娇.冷却顶板加置换通风空调系统的CFD研究.哈尔滨工程大学硕士文. 2006: 53~54
32王雪.冷却顶板和太阳辐射对置换通风系统的影响与分析.哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文, 2005: 15~16
33王福军.计算流体动力学分析.北京:清华大学出版社, 2004: 2~3, 116~123
34傅斌.地下商业街室内CO2浓度的数值模拟与分析.哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文, 2002: 12~13
35樊洪明.失流洁净室数值模拟与实验研究.哈尔滨建筑大学硕士论文, 1993: 15~16
36郭蓉.流线型送风口顶送洁净室气流组织的数值研究.哈尔滨建筑大学硕士论文, 1997: 14~16
37陶文铨.数值传热学.西安交通大学出版社, 2002: 334~360, 392~398, 194~231
38 Qingyan Chen, Weiran Xu. A Zero-Equation Turbulence Model for Indoor Airflow Simulation. Energy and Buildings, 1998, 2(28): 137~144
39 Jelena Srebric, Qingyan Chen, Leon R. Glicksman. Validation of a Zero-Equation Turbulence Model for Complex Indoor Airflow Simulation. ASHRAE Trans. 1999, 105(2): 414~426
40郭宽良.数值计算传热学.安徽科学技术出版社, 1987: 7~19, 51~53
41章梓雄,董曾南.粘性流体力学.清华大学出版社, 1998: 25~30
42 Chen Q. Comparison of Different k-εModels for Indoor Airflow Computations. Numerical Heat Transfer, Part B, Fundamentals, 1995, (28): 353~369
43 Muller D, U. Renz. Measurements and Prediction of Room Airflow Patterns Using Different Turbulence Models. Proceeding of Roomvent, 1998, (8): 109~116
44 Nieslen P. V. The Selection of Turbulence Models for Prediction of Room Airflow. ASHRAE Trans. 1998, 104(1): 1119~1127
45 Weiran Xu, Qingyan Chen. A Two-Layer Turbulence Model for Simulating Indoor Airflow Part 1: Model Development. Energy and Buildings, 2001, (33): 613~625.
46 Weiran Xu, Qingyan Chen. A Two-Layer Turbulence Model for Simulating Indoor Airflow. Part 2: Applications. Energy and Buildings, 2001, (33): 627~639
47赵彬,李先庭,彦启森.用零方程湍流模型模拟通风空调室内空气流动.清华大学学报(自然科学版), 2001, 41(10): 109~113
48王丽娜.洁净手术室局部顶送单向流形式的数值模拟与改进探讨.哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文,2004: 22~23
49 Airpak英文帮助文件: 55~60
50赵彬,李先庭,胡斌,彦启森.计算流体力学在暖通空调中的应用.制冷空调与电力机械, 2001, (4): 10~14
51姚征,陈康明. CFD通用软件综述.上海理工大学学报, 2002, 24(2): 137~144
52袁峰.顶板辐射-置换通风复合空调室内热环境研究.西安建筑科技大学硕士论文, 2007: 17~18
53熊进华.小空间置换通风空调系统室内空气品质的研究.南京理工大学硕士学位论文, 2006: 19~20
54闵凯.置换通风系统室内流场的实验研究和数值模拟.天津商业大学硕士学位论文, 2007: 19~21
55秦孟昊.置换通风系统在中国的应用问题研究.东华大学硕士学位论文, 2002: 15~20
56董雷.碰撞式射流在办公类建筑中应用的探讨.哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文, 2006: 31~32
57曹建伟.置换通风空调室内空气品质的数值模拟研究.北京交通大学硕士学位论文, 2007: 40