岩石SHPB实验技术数值模拟分析
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摘要
本文介绍了岩石动态压缩力学性能方面的有关研究进展,并对SHPB实验装置与原理进行了简单的叙述,应用ANSYS/LS-DYNA有限元平台建立了SHPB实验装置的三维有限元模型,并从有限元原理、单元选取、沙漏控制、网格划分、接触设置以及初始加载以及等几方面进行了讨论。在此基础上对SHPB实验技术中若干关键问题进行了数值模拟分析。主要包括如下内容:
1)对比分析了传统矩形波和改进的半正弦波加载下,不同直径入射杆,不同加载率,不同传播距离的波形弥散情形,显示并验证了SHPB半正弦加载波受杆径,加载率、及传播距离的影响很小,不会产生弥散现象,进一步证明了半正弦波加载方式是用于岩石类脆性材料大直径SHPB测试的理想形式。
2)对比分析了SHPB试验中半正弦入射波和传统的矩形入射波加载条件下试样早期应力均匀化过程。从试样达到应力平衡所需时间的快慢来考虑,验证了半正弦入射波加载方式对于岩石类脆性材料动态特性的测试具有显著优势。
3)在加载应变率方面,分析得出了半正弦波加载条件下波形应力峰值、持续时间、SHPB杆径、试样长径比与试样加载平均应变率之间的关系。
4)利用半正弦波加载得到了与试验结果比较吻合的应力-应变关系曲线,并分析了不同加载条件下试样的力学特性。采用H-J-C模型模拟岩石破碎过程,研究了不同应变率下的岩石破坏形态。
5)利用数值模拟验证了波的传播、以及早期应力均匀性并不受轴向预应力影响,模拟分析了一维波理论在动静组合实验中的适用性。
The development and present state of the study on the dynamic compression mechanics properties of rock by SHPB are reviewed and described in the paper. With the help of software ANSYS/LS-DYNA, the three dimensional numerical simulation of the feasibility of measure of rock dynamic properties by SHPB is presented. The finite element theory, the element selection, the hourglass control, the mesh divide, the contact control, and initial loading are discussed in detail. On this basis, numerical modeling for several key problems about the SHPB test on rocks are given as follows:
1) Wave dispersion of different diameters input bar, different loading rates, and the different propagation distances in SHPB with rectangle and half-sine wave-loading are analyzed by using the 3D non-linear dynamic finite element code. The results show that the dispersion effect on the diameter of input bar, loading rate, and propagation distance is very small for half-sine waveform loading Compared with the rectangle wave loading. It is validated further that the half-sine wave should be a relatively perfect loading waveform in the test for rock-like materials.
2) The stress uniformity process under rectangle and half-sine input wave loading were compared in SHPB tests and the time required for stress uniformity is calculated for the above different loadings. It is confirmed that the half-sine pulse loading method can realized the stress uniformity more easily than the rectangle pulse loading and has significant advantages in the dynamic test of rock-like materials.
3) The effect of pulse amplitude and duration, SHPB diameter, specimens’aspect ratio on the average strain rate was analyzed under half-sine input waves loading.
4) The stress-strain curves well fitted with the experimental results are obtained under the half-sine input wave loading by using the software. The mechanics properties are analysis under different loading conditions. The HOLMQUIST-JOHNSON-CONCRETE constitutive model is introduced to simulate the failure mechanism in this numerical, and failure and fragmentation characteristics of rock under different strain rates.
5) It is demonstrated the axial pre-compression stress has no impact on the wave propagation in the bars and the stress equilibrium in early stage specimen, and it is also found that 1-D stress wave theory is valid for coupled static and dynamic loads on SHPB.
1)对比分析了传统矩形波和改进的半正弦波加载下,不同直径入射杆,不同加载率,不同传播距离的波形弥散情形,显示并验证了SHPB半正弦加载波受杆径,加载率、及传播距离的影响很小,不会产生弥散现象,进一步证明了半正弦波加载方式是用于岩石类脆性材料大直径SHPB测试的理想形式。
2)对比分析了SHPB试验中半正弦入射波和传统的矩形入射波加载条件下试样早期应力均匀化过程。从试样达到应力平衡所需时间的快慢来考虑,验证了半正弦入射波加载方式对于岩石类脆性材料动态特性的测试具有显著优势。
3)在加载应变率方面,分析得出了半正弦波加载条件下波形应力峰值、持续时间、SHPB杆径、试样长径比与试样加载平均应变率之间的关系。
4)利用半正弦波加载得到了与试验结果比较吻合的应力-应变关系曲线,并分析了不同加载条件下试样的力学特性。采用H-J-C模型模拟岩石破碎过程,研究了不同应变率下的岩石破坏形态。
5)利用数值模拟验证了波的传播、以及早期应力均匀性并不受轴向预应力影响,模拟分析了一维波理论在动静组合实验中的适用性。
The development and present state of the study on the dynamic compression mechanics properties of rock by SHPB are reviewed and described in the paper. With the help of software ANSYS/LS-DYNA, the three dimensional numerical simulation of the feasibility of measure of rock dynamic properties by SHPB is presented. The finite element theory, the element selection, the hourglass control, the mesh divide, the contact control, and initial loading are discussed in detail. On this basis, numerical modeling for several key problems about the SHPB test on rocks are given as follows:
1) Wave dispersion of different diameters input bar, different loading rates, and the different propagation distances in SHPB with rectangle and half-sine wave-loading are analyzed by using the 3D non-linear dynamic finite element code. The results show that the dispersion effect on the diameter of input bar, loading rate, and propagation distance is very small for half-sine waveform loading Compared with the rectangle wave loading. It is validated further that the half-sine wave should be a relatively perfect loading waveform in the test for rock-like materials.
2) The stress uniformity process under rectangle and half-sine input wave loading were compared in SHPB tests and the time required for stress uniformity is calculated for the above different loadings. It is confirmed that the half-sine pulse loading method can realized the stress uniformity more easily than the rectangle pulse loading and has significant advantages in the dynamic test of rock-like materials.
3) The effect of pulse amplitude and duration, SHPB diameter, specimens’aspect ratio on the average strain rate was analyzed under half-sine input waves loading.
4) The stress-strain curves well fitted with the experimental results are obtained under the half-sine input wave loading by using the software. The mechanics properties are analysis under different loading conditions. The HOLMQUIST-JOHNSON-CONCRETE constitutive model is introduced to simulate the failure mechanism in this numerical, and failure and fragmentation characteristics of rock under different strain rates.
5) It is demonstrated the axial pre-compression stress has no impact on the wave propagation in the bars and the stress equilibrium in early stage specimen, and it is also found that 1-D stress wave theory is valid for coupled static and dynamic loads on SHPB.
引文
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