网络联盟企业的资源管理研究
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摘要
制造业一直是一个国家经济的原动力和国民经济发展的支柱产业，是国民收入的重要来源。网络经济时代，伴随着信息技术和计算机网络技术的飞速发展以及市场的动态多变性，传统的制造业环境发生了根本性的变化，制造业在全球范围内得到重组。在这种形势下，任何一个国家或企业都不可能完全凭借自己的实力在全球市场竞争中取得胜利，国家或企业之间的联合协同设计、协同生产、协同销售与服务已经成为全球制造业发展的新趋势。这样，就产生了一种适应网络经济时代信息社会的先进制造模式——网络化制造。
网络联盟企业就是适应网络化制造的一种很好的制造组织形式。网络联盟企业利用网络技术，特别是Internet技术，跨越不同的企业之间存在的空间差距，共享知识和资源，协作开展产品设计、制造、销售、采购、管理等一系列制造活动，其目的是实现产品的协同商务运作，以整体的力量为市场提供客户需要的产品，缩短产品的研制周期，降低研制费用，提高整个产业链和制造群体的竞争力。可以说，网络联盟企业是21世纪适应网络经济时代制造业发展方向的一种主流的制造企业组织形式，成为现代经济条件下企业组织形式发展的方向。
目前，对于网络联盟企业管理的研究，大部分还是从管理基础理论或技术实现的角度对某一项课题进行较深入的研究，较缺乏从企业资源计划(ERP)的资源管理角度对网络联盟企业的各类资源如何整合进行集成管理的全面的系统的总体性的研究与论述。本选题正是基于以上认识，在研究阅读大量有关文献的基础上，从面向整个网络联盟企业资源管理的角度着手研究，运用了各种企业管理信息化的思想，提出一种基于整个联盟企业一体化价值链的企业资源计划系统U-ERP，描述了系统的总体架构、特点和总流程，对其核心业务模块(包括协同设计管理模块、协同采购管理模块、协同生产管理模块、市场营销管理模块、物流配送与仓储管理模块、客户关系管理模块、财务模块、人力资源管理模块、知识管理模块九个模块)及其基本原理进行了阐述，在此基础上结合珠三角的实际提出了一种U-ERP在惠州市电子产品制造业中的应用解决方案，最后还重点论述了面向网络联盟企业的业务流程重组(BPR)，从而形成了一套较全面的网络联盟企业资源管理理论。
广东工业大学管理学硕士学位论文
本选题的研究，兼顾了理论和实际，为我国企业提供了一套符合现代企业竞
争特点的基于网络联盟企业的资源管理的管理思想和方法，对于指导制造业企业
特别是中小型企业的信息化建设具有一定的实践指导意义和理论价值。
The manufacturing industry has been a motive power of the development of National Economy and backbone of Economic Development. It is also the important source of national income. With the fast development of Information Technology and dynamic variety of market, traditional environment of manufacturing industry has been under a fundamental change, and the manufacturing resources have been reengineered around the world. Under this kind of situation, every enterprise should not limited his activities only within himself, but should regard himself as one of the nodes of the global network of Integrated Manufacturing Environment. Because of this realization, the enterprise should put more effort into getting and sharing the resources such as knowledge and information, and it should use Information Technology to innovate and strengthen himself, which drives himself to develop with high speed in the whole new era of Networked Economy. And then a kind of advanced manufacturing mode called Networked Manufacturing ca
me into being, and it can adapt to the society of information.
Networked Extended Enterprise is a fantastic organization form to adapt to Networked Manufacturing. Networked Extended Enterprise makes use of the network technology, especially Internet technology to surmount the space obstacle between different enterprises, share knowledge and resources, and collaborate with each other in a serial of manufacturing activities such as Product Design, Production, Marketing, Procurement and Management. By doing this, Networked Extended Enterprise operates in an Environment of Collaborative Commerce, supplies product to meet the customer's requirement, and makes the design cycle of product become short, lower the cost, and eventually upgrade the core competence of the Industry chain. We can say, Networked Extended Enterprise is the mainstream organization form of manufacturing enterprises, and it has become the trend of the development of organization form in the 21st century.
Nowadays, the research on Management of Networked Extended Enterprise mostly concentrates on deep study of fundamental management theories or technology, lacking the study from the point of ERP, which concentrates on
comprehensive and systemic study of the integrated management of all kinds of enterprise resources. Based on above realization, after reading a large quantity of reading materials, the study of this paper concentrates on Resource Management of Networked Extended Enterprise, using a lot of theories of management informatization of enterprise. It put forward a kind of enterprise resource planning system based on Enterprise Union, which is called U-ERP, describing its general framework, characteristics, general process and the 9 key module of U-ERP, including Collaborative Design Management (CDM) , Collaborative Procurement Management (CPM), Collaborative Manufacturing Management (CMM), Marketing Management (MM), Material Delivery & Logistics Management (MD&LM), Customer Relationship Management (CRM), Finance Management (FM) .Human Resource Management (HRM) and Knowledge Management (KM) as well as their fundamental principle. Based on Electronic Manufacturing Industry of Huizhou City, the paper also introduces
a solution of U-ERP. In the end, the paper discusses the subject of BPR of Networked Extended Enterprise. All the above-mentioned discussion of the paper has brought about a set of comprehensive theory of Resource Management of Networked Extended Enterprise.
The study of this paper, giving attention to both theories and practices, has brought about a set of management theories and techniques of Resource Management based on Networked Extended Enterprise, which is suited to the competition condition of modern enterprises. The significance of the research not only lies in the value of the theory, but also lies in the guidance of the informatization construction of enterprises, especially the small and medium-sized enterprises.
网络联盟企业就是适应网络化制造的一种很好的制造组织形式。网络联盟企业利用网络技术，特别是Internet技术，跨越不同的企业之间存在的空间差距，共享知识和资源，协作开展产品设计、制造、销售、采购、管理等一系列制造活动，其目的是实现产品的协同商务运作，以整体的力量为市场提供客户需要的产品，缩短产品的研制周期，降低研制费用，提高整个产业链和制造群体的竞争力。可以说，网络联盟企业是21世纪适应网络经济时代制造业发展方向的一种主流的制造企业组织形式，成为现代经济条件下企业组织形式发展的方向。
目前，对于网络联盟企业管理的研究，大部分还是从管理基础理论或技术实现的角度对某一项课题进行较深入的研究，较缺乏从企业资源计划(ERP)的资源管理角度对网络联盟企业的各类资源如何整合进行集成管理的全面的系统的总体性的研究与论述。本选题正是基于以上认识，在研究阅读大量有关文献的基础上，从面向整个网络联盟企业资源管理的角度着手研究，运用了各种企业管理信息化的思想，提出一种基于整个联盟企业一体化价值链的企业资源计划系统U-ERP，描述了系统的总体架构、特点和总流程，对其核心业务模块(包括协同设计管理模块、协同采购管理模块、协同生产管理模块、市场营销管理模块、物流配送与仓储管理模块、客户关系管理模块、财务模块、人力资源管理模块、知识管理模块九个模块)及其基本原理进行了阐述，在此基础上结合珠三角的实际提出了一种U-ERP在惠州市电子产品制造业中的应用解决方案，最后还重点论述了面向网络联盟企业的业务流程重组(BPR)，从而形成了一套较全面的网络联盟企业资源管理理论。
广东工业大学管理学硕士学位论文
本选题的研究，兼顾了理论和实际，为我国企业提供了一套符合现代企业竞
争特点的基于网络联盟企业的资源管理的管理思想和方法，对于指导制造业企业
特别是中小型企业的信息化建设具有一定的实践指导意义和理论价值。
The manufacturing industry has been a motive power of the development of National Economy and backbone of Economic Development. It is also the important source of national income. With the fast development of Information Technology and dynamic variety of market, traditional environment of manufacturing industry has been under a fundamental change, and the manufacturing resources have been reengineered around the world. Under this kind of situation, every enterprise should not limited his activities only within himself, but should regard himself as one of the nodes of the global network of Integrated Manufacturing Environment. Because of this realization, the enterprise should put more effort into getting and sharing the resources such as knowledge and information, and it should use Information Technology to innovate and strengthen himself, which drives himself to develop with high speed in the whole new era of Networked Economy. And then a kind of advanced manufacturing mode called Networked Manufacturing ca
me into being, and it can adapt to the society of information.
Networked Extended Enterprise is a fantastic organization form to adapt to Networked Manufacturing. Networked Extended Enterprise makes use of the network technology, especially Internet technology to surmount the space obstacle between different enterprises, share knowledge and resources, and collaborate with each other in a serial of manufacturing activities such as Product Design, Production, Marketing, Procurement and Management. By doing this, Networked Extended Enterprise operates in an Environment of Collaborative Commerce, supplies product to meet the customer's requirement, and makes the design cycle of product become short, lower the cost, and eventually upgrade the core competence of the Industry chain. We can say, Networked Extended Enterprise is the mainstream organization form of manufacturing enterprises, and it has become the trend of the development of organization form in the 21st century.
Nowadays, the research on Management of Networked Extended Enterprise mostly concentrates on deep study of fundamental management theories or technology, lacking the study from the point of ERP, which concentrates on
comprehensive and systemic study of the integrated management of all kinds of enterprise resources. Based on above realization, after reading a large quantity of reading materials, the study of this paper concentrates on Resource Management of Networked Extended Enterprise, using a lot of theories of management informatization of enterprise. It put forward a kind of enterprise resource planning system based on Enterprise Union, which is called U-ERP, describing its general framework, characteristics, general process and the 9 key module of U-ERP, including Collaborative Design Management (CDM) , Collaborative Procurement Management (CPM), Collaborative Manufacturing Management (CMM), Marketing Management (MM), Material Delivery & Logistics Management (MD&LM), Customer Relationship Management (CRM), Finance Management (FM) .Human Resource Management (HRM) and Knowledge Management (KM) as well as their fundamental principle. Based on Electronic Manufacturing Industry of Huizhou City, the paper also introduces
a solution of U-ERP. In the end, the paper discusses the subject of BPR of Networked Extended Enterprise. All the above-mentioned discussion of the paper has brought about a set of comprehensive theory of Resource Management of Networked Extended Enterprise.
The study of this paper, giving attention to both theories and practices, has brought about a set of management theories and techniques of Resource Management based on Networked Extended Enterprise, which is suited to the competition condition of modern enterprises. The significance of the research not only lies in the value of the theory, but also lies in the guidance of the informatization construction of enterprises, especially the small and medium-sized enterprises.
引文
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[3] 齐从谦：网络化制造体系结构及其共性关键技术．中国制造业信息化．2003，8：10-14
[4] 付勇：ERP不是信息化的“珠峰”．中国制造业信息化．2003，11：39
[5] 新中大软件股份有限公司：终结ERP．经济科学出版社．2003
[6] 金达仁：意识重于一切——对SCM、ERP和BPR的剖析．中国制造业信息化．2003，6：8-12
[7] 徐晓飞：新一代ERP基于Web的实时ERP．中国制造业信息化．2003，7：11-13
[8] 胡彬，于俭：先进制造管理系统．电子工业出版社．2002
[9] Kotler P. Kotler on Marketing: how to create, win and dominate markets.London: the Free Press, 1999. 173-196
[10] Jagdev, H. S., and Browne: The extended enterprise-a context for manufacturing, Production Planning & Control. Vol. 9, Oct, 1998:216-229
[11] 张曙：分散网络化制造．机械工业出版社．1999
[12] Spekman RE, Forbes TM, Isabella, LA, etc: Alliance management: Aview from the past and a look to the future. Journal of Management Studies. 1998, 35(6): 747-772
[13] 成君忆：水煮三国．中信出版社．2004
[14] 王佑：像咨询顾问一样思考．机械工业出版社．2003
[15] 陈菊红等：灵捷虚拟企业科学管理．西安交通大学出版社．2002
[16] 严隽琪：制造系统信息集成技术．上海交通大学出版社．2001
[17] 新中大软件公司：新中大URP软件互动管理i6系统．http://www.ngsoft.com/products/i6.php3
[18] 罗鸿，王忠民：ERP原理·设计·实施(第2版)．电子工业出版社．2003
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