网络化制造中面向过程的系统建模及关键技术研究
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摘要
制造业网络化是现代制造业发展的主要趋势之一。制造系统运行的内在本质是一种资源转换过程，本文从面向过程的角度出发，提出一种能够体现制造系统本质特征的新型网络化制造模式——面向过程的网络化制造系统(PO-NMS)。PO-NMS以过程为主线，侧重于对传统制造系统的组织管理和运作方式进行改变，使得网络化制造系统的资源和技术面向过程进行重构，组织面向过程进行重组，因此是一种更加适应网络化制造需求的制造模式和思想。
本文以某型号飞机机翼的网络化制造过程为应用对象，着重对面向过程的网络化制造系统的系统建模、组织结构优化和过程管理方法等关键技术进行了深入系统的研究。论文的主要研究内容包括：
(1)从分析制造过程的本质特征出发，提出面向过程的网络化制造模式的概念；给出了过程的定义、组成及形式化描述，对网络化制造系统的过程特性进行了分析，进而建立了网络化制造系统的基本过程层次结构。
(2)提出了以过程为核心的网络化制造系统模型框架，并利用可视化对象建模技术UML对网络化制造系统进行建模。首先构建了以控制模型为主，功能模型、资源模型、组织模型和数据模型为辅的三维集成化模型框架，通过控制模型建立起其他几个视图模型之间的内部关联，通过资源模型和组织模型来反映网络化制造系统中组织的分散性和过程对动态资源的调度与分配。采用面向对象的建模技术将各个视图模型共同封装成对象模型，通过对象之间的关联与调用来实现模型视图之间的关联，从而有效解决了多视图模型之间的集成问题。
(3)在面向过程的网络化制造系统模型的基础上，提出PO-NMS的组织模式是以面向过程的虚拟制造联盟为核心的组织模式，并指出可以通过基本组织单元重组，构造虚拟制造团队，完成制造项目的组织和实施。建立了虚拟制造团队的形式化模型，并基于虚拟制造团队对系统组织结构进行了设计。基于该组织模式，对面向过程的虚拟制造联盟生命周期中的虚拟合作模式和协商策略进行了深入研究，并给出了数学模型及其求解算法和求解过程。
(4)提出了一种项目管理与过程管理集成的过程管理方案。采用过程集成的思想对系统过程进行建模，从过程模型的角度分析过程的合理性，同时采用项目管理技术指导项目计划的制定和运行。
(5)针对系统的建模研究通常停留在模型的理论层次，难于进行模型的实例化和仿真的问题，以系统建模的研究为基础，对各个模型视图进行了详细的设计，并给出了核心类的定义。在此基础上，对实现PO-NMS支撑平台的原型系统进行了研究，提出了系统的四层层次结构模型，基于该模型建立了系统的
西北工业大学博士学位论文
一
体系结构、并讨论了系统运行方式。
（6）依托相关项目研究背景，针对当前存在跨区域进行的飞机关键部件网
络化设计制造的需求，以某型号飞机机翼的网络化制造过程为例，将论文前文
中所研究的理论和方法进行了实证研究和应用。首先总结了当前飞机机翼研制
过程的现状和存在的问题，进而提出了面向过程的飞机机翼网络化制造的实施
方案，以过程为核心定义了飞机机翼网络化制造的实施步骤，及其相应的系统
组织模式和资源的调配。初步实践证明面向过程的网络化制造模式是一种符合
现代制造系统发展需要的、可行的先进制造模式。
One of the most important developing trends of manufacturing industry is distributed or networked manufacturing. Based on the theory/viewpoint that the essential feature of a manufacturing process is a kind of manufacturing resource conversion process, this dissertation put forward creatively and systematically a new kind of networked manufacturing schema, named process-oriented networked manufacturing system (PO-NMS). Taking the conversion process as the baseline, the dissertation focuses on the change of the traditional manufacturing schema, reengineering of the organization, and reconfiguration of the resource and technology in the NMS. This research, on the basis of the dipping up advanced manufacturing theory and networked manufacturing supporting technology, plans to optimise the networked manufacturing to become more efficient, flexible and agile.
Exampled on the networked manufacturing process of the certain type of flight airfoil, this dissertation studies the key technologies such as system modelling, organizational structure optimisation, process management and so on. The following subjects have been presented and developed in depth.
(1) The concept of the process-oriented networked manufacturing schema is proposed after the analysis of the essential feature of a manufacturing system. The definition, composition, and the formalisation expression of process are depicted, the process characteristics of networked manufacturing system is studied, and a basic process hierarchical structure, which is considered to be important to show the structure of networked manufacturing system, is given.
(2) Use the traditional enterprise modelling methods and the characteristic of networked manufacturing system for reference, a reference model framework of networked manufacturing system is proposed by means of process concept. Taking advantages of visual Object-Oriented modelling technology named UML, the system is modelled and the basic object class structure model is studied. Process-Oriented Networked Manufacturing System Model (PO-NMSM) is a tri-dimensional integrated framework, which consists of five sub-models, i.e.. control model, function model, resource model, organization model and data model. Control model is the essential and distinguishable component of PO-NMSM, which records the inter-model relationships. The resource model and organization model reflect the organizational dispersibility as well as the scheduling and dispatching of dynamic resources. Visual object-oriented modelling technology is used to encapsulate all the
five views as a series of uniform object model. Thus, through depicting the relationships among views by the association and invocation among objects, the multi-view model integration problem is well solved.
(3) Design of organizational structure is the key factor that makes PO-NMS different from other manufacturing systems. The organization schema of PO-NMS is revolving about the process-oriented Virtual Manufacturing Alliance (PO-VMA). The Virtual Manufacturing Teams (VMTs) can be constructed by the reconfiguration of the basic organization units in PO-VMA. The formal definition of the VMTs is presented. The paper also designs the organization schema by means of VMTs. Based on the proposed organization schema, the virtual cooperation model and negotiation strategy during the lifecycle of PO-VMA are fully discussed, and a mathematical model as well as its solution algorithm and procedure are put forward.
(4) Process management and coordination is an assurance for PO-NMS implementation and operation. Process management consists of the formulation of the process management solution, as well as the monitoring and scheduling of the process operation based on the proposed solution. An integrated process management solution, in which we integrate the project management and process management together, is designed. In this solution, process modeling and rationality analysis can be finished by process model, and at the same time, project management technique is used to co
本文以某型号飞机机翼的网络化制造过程为应用对象，着重对面向过程的网络化制造系统的系统建模、组织结构优化和过程管理方法等关键技术进行了深入系统的研究。论文的主要研究内容包括：
(1)从分析制造过程的本质特征出发，提出面向过程的网络化制造模式的概念；给出了过程的定义、组成及形式化描述，对网络化制造系统的过程特性进行了分析，进而建立了网络化制造系统的基本过程层次结构。
(2)提出了以过程为核心的网络化制造系统模型框架，并利用可视化对象建模技术UML对网络化制造系统进行建模。首先构建了以控制模型为主，功能模型、资源模型、组织模型和数据模型为辅的三维集成化模型框架，通过控制模型建立起其他几个视图模型之间的内部关联，通过资源模型和组织模型来反映网络化制造系统中组织的分散性和过程对动态资源的调度与分配。采用面向对象的建模技术将各个视图模型共同封装成对象模型，通过对象之间的关联与调用来实现模型视图之间的关联，从而有效解决了多视图模型之间的集成问题。
(3)在面向过程的网络化制造系统模型的基础上，提出PO-NMS的组织模式是以面向过程的虚拟制造联盟为核心的组织模式，并指出可以通过基本组织单元重组，构造虚拟制造团队，完成制造项目的组织和实施。建立了虚拟制造团队的形式化模型，并基于虚拟制造团队对系统组织结构进行了设计。基于该组织模式，对面向过程的虚拟制造联盟生命周期中的虚拟合作模式和协商策略进行了深入研究，并给出了数学模型及其求解算法和求解过程。
(4)提出了一种项目管理与过程管理集成的过程管理方案。采用过程集成的思想对系统过程进行建模，从过程模型的角度分析过程的合理性，同时采用项目管理技术指导项目计划的制定和运行。
(5)针对系统的建模研究通常停留在模型的理论层次，难于进行模型的实例化和仿真的问题，以系统建模的研究为基础，对各个模型视图进行了详细的设计，并给出了核心类的定义。在此基础上，对实现PO-NMS支撑平台的原型系统进行了研究，提出了系统的四层层次结构模型，基于该模型建立了系统的
西北工业大学博士学位论文
一
体系结构、并讨论了系统运行方式。
（6）依托相关项目研究背景，针对当前存在跨区域进行的飞机关键部件网
络化设计制造的需求，以某型号飞机机翼的网络化制造过程为例，将论文前文
中所研究的理论和方法进行了实证研究和应用。首先总结了当前飞机机翼研制
过程的现状和存在的问题，进而提出了面向过程的飞机机翼网络化制造的实施
方案，以过程为核心定义了飞机机翼网络化制造的实施步骤，及其相应的系统
组织模式和资源的调配。初步实践证明面向过程的网络化制造模式是一种符合
现代制造系统发展需要的、可行的先进制造模式。
One of the most important developing trends of manufacturing industry is distributed or networked manufacturing. Based on the theory/viewpoint that the essential feature of a manufacturing process is a kind of manufacturing resource conversion process, this dissertation put forward creatively and systematically a new kind of networked manufacturing schema, named process-oriented networked manufacturing system (PO-NMS). Taking the conversion process as the baseline, the dissertation focuses on the change of the traditional manufacturing schema, reengineering of the organization, and reconfiguration of the resource and technology in the NMS. This research, on the basis of the dipping up advanced manufacturing theory and networked manufacturing supporting technology, plans to optimise the networked manufacturing to become more efficient, flexible and agile.
Exampled on the networked manufacturing process of the certain type of flight airfoil, this dissertation studies the key technologies such as system modelling, organizational structure optimisation, process management and so on. The following subjects have been presented and developed in depth.
(1) The concept of the process-oriented networked manufacturing schema is proposed after the analysis of the essential feature of a manufacturing system. The definition, composition, and the formalisation expression of process are depicted, the process characteristics of networked manufacturing system is studied, and a basic process hierarchical structure, which is considered to be important to show the structure of networked manufacturing system, is given.
(2) Use the traditional enterprise modelling methods and the characteristic of networked manufacturing system for reference, a reference model framework of networked manufacturing system is proposed by means of process concept. Taking advantages of visual Object-Oriented modelling technology named UML, the system is modelled and the basic object class structure model is studied. Process-Oriented Networked Manufacturing System Model (PO-NMSM) is a tri-dimensional integrated framework, which consists of five sub-models, i.e.. control model, function model, resource model, organization model and data model. Control model is the essential and distinguishable component of PO-NMSM, which records the inter-model relationships. The resource model and organization model reflect the organizational dispersibility as well as the scheduling and dispatching of dynamic resources. Visual object-oriented modelling technology is used to encapsulate all the
five views as a series of uniform object model. Thus, through depicting the relationships among views by the association and invocation among objects, the multi-view model integration problem is well solved.
(3) Design of organizational structure is the key factor that makes PO-NMS different from other manufacturing systems. The organization schema of PO-NMS is revolving about the process-oriented Virtual Manufacturing Alliance (PO-VMA). The Virtual Manufacturing Teams (VMTs) can be constructed by the reconfiguration of the basic organization units in PO-VMA. The formal definition of the VMTs is presented. The paper also designs the organization schema by means of VMTs. Based on the proposed organization schema, the virtual cooperation model and negotiation strategy during the lifecycle of PO-VMA are fully discussed, and a mathematical model as well as its solution algorithm and procedure are put forward.
(4) Process management and coordination is an assurance for PO-NMS implementation and operation. Process management consists of the formulation of the process management solution, as well as the monitoring and scheduling of the process operation based on the proposed solution. An integrated process management solution, in which we integrate the project management and process management together, is designed. In this solution, process modeling and rationality analysis can be finished by process model, and at the same time, project management technique is used to co
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