茄子体内糖苷生物碱的含量分布特征及其化学生态学功能研究
|
摘要
本文通过显色法、薄层层析法、分光光度法和高效液相色谱法来综合分析与鉴定茄子中糖苷生物碱的主要成分。以高效液相色谱法作为定量手段,研究不同的提取纯化条件对于茄子中α-茄碱提取率的影响,应用超声波提取技术及高效液相色谱法对茄子体内α-茄碱含量分布的规律进行研究,通过模拟茄子糖苷生物碱的释放过程从而研究其释放途径。采用室内生物测定和室外盆栽相结合的方式,通过糖苷生物碱对病菌生长和致病性、黄瓜和甜瓜幼苗抗性生理以及根际微生物种群数量的影响等方面研究,探讨茄子糖苷生物碱在防御蔬菜病原真菌方面的重要作用及作用机理,并且评价茄子糖苷生物碱对自身和其它作物的化感作用,从而为今后更好的利用茄子中糖苷生物碱进行医疗保健及化学生态活性研究、提高茄子自身营养品质和抗病性提供理论依据。为作物抗病育种及天然食品防腐剂和新型生物源农药的开发与利用提供了潜在资源,为进一步完善不同蔬菜作物间合理的间、混、套作提供理论基础。主要研究结果如下:
1.本研究建立了以Waters Nova-pak C_(18)柱为色谱柱;乙腈-0.05 mol·L~(-1)K_2HPO_4(70:30,H_3PO_4调pH值到4.5)为流动相;0.7 mL·min~(-1)流速;25℃柱温;205 nm检测波长;10μL进样量的茄子中α-茄碱的HPLC检测方法。并证明,该方法精密度高、准确性好,适用于茄子中糖苷生物碱的定性与定量分析。
2.本研究建立了以超声波技术为提取手段,以10倍量的70%甲醇为提取剂,以50℃下提取60 min为提取条件的茄子中α-茄碱的提取方法,并确定了以无水乙醚液-液萃取为纯化手段,提取过程中最佳酸溶pH为2-3,最佳碱沉pH为10-11。该方法α-茄碱平均回收率为98.0%,RSD为1.23%(n=3),说明该提取方法提取率和精密度高、稳定性好,合理可行。
3.明确了茄子中糖苷生物碱的含量分布特征。不同器官中α-茄碱含量大小顺序为:种子＞果实＞叶片＞根系＞侧枝＞主茎:叶片和主茎中α-茄碱含量的最高值出现在5月份左右,而根系则出现在6月份。不同品种类型的茄子果实中α-茄碱含量不同,紫茄中α-茄碱含量显著高于绿茄,门茄果实中α-茄碱含量显著高于对茄、四面斗等其它时期的果实,未成熟的果实中α-茄碱含量显著高于成熟的茄子果实,果肉中α-茄碱含量显著高于果皮。
4.阐明了茄子糖苷生物碱释放途径。茄子可通过根系分泌、残体分解和种子萌发的途径向环境中释放糖苷生物碱,其中残体分解和种子萌发是主要途径,根系只能主动分泌极少量的糖苷生物碱,雨水淋溶或浸泡几乎不会使茄子植株中糖苷生物碱释放到环境中。从茄苗现蕾到四面斗果实成熟是根系分泌糖苷生物碱的主要时期,门茄坐果至对茄成熟,茄子根际土壤中α-茄碱含量增加最显著。植株不同部位残茬腐解后释放出的糖苷生物碱量大小顺序为:叶＞根＞茎,随着残株分解时间的延长,根际土壤中茄碱含量显著增高。茄子种子萌发过程释放的生物碱含量与种子萌发密切相关,该生物碱可抑制茄子种子萌发。
5.明确了茄子糖苷生物碱对蔬菜病原菌的抗性。茄子糖苷生物碱对黄瓜枯萎菌和甜瓜枯萎菌具有较显著的抑制作用,对于辣椒枯萎菌和番茄灰霉菌抑制作用较弱、而对于茄子黄萎菌未表现抑制作用,对于黄瓜和甜瓜枯萎菌的抑制作用主要表现在抑制菌体生长和致病性两方面。茄子糖苷生物碱在中性至弱碱性条件下抑菌活性最强,在长时间高温条件下失去抑菌活性;无论是抗病还是感病品种,茄子糖苷生物碱对于黄瓜枯萎病和甜瓜枯萎病具有较好的预防效果,但对抗病品种的预防效果要好于感病品种。糖苷生物碱水解后的产物抑菌活性显著下降,说明糖苷生物碱结构与抑菌活性关系密切。
6.研究了茄子糖苷生物碱对自身和其它蔬菜的化感作用。茄子糖苷生物碱对于茄科蔬菜作物种子萌发具有显著的抑制作用,而对瓜类和菜豆种子萌发则呈现“低促高抑”的双重浓度效应,糖苷生物碱对于五种蔬菜的化感抑制效应大小顺序为:茄子＞番茄＞菜豆＞黄瓜＞甜瓜。茄子糖苷生物碱对于茄科蔬菜作物种子萌发生理活动和生理代谢具有较显著的抑制作用,而对瓜类和菜豆种子的影响较小。茄子糖苷生物碱对其它蔬菜生长的影响主要体现在种子萌发阶段,对幼苗生长无显著影响,高浓度糖苷生物碱会抑制茄子幼苗生长;茄子糖苷生物碱可通过影响黄瓜和甜瓜幼苗抗性生理来提高自身抗病性。
7.明确了茄子糖苷生物碱对黄瓜根际土壤生物活性的影响。茄子糖苷生物碱处理植株同对照相比根际放线菌和细菌数量增加,真菌数量减少,A/F比值和B/F比值均升高,土壤微生物总量增加。茄子糖苷生物碱对黄瓜苗期根际微生物的作用效果显著大于初花期,初花期根际微生物数量显著多于苗期。茄子糖苷生物碱处理使黄瓜根际真菌种群总数和有害种群数量减少,但有益真菌种群数量增加。茄子糖苷生物碱处理可以提高黄瓜苗期根际土壤过氧化氢酶、多酚氧化酶、脲酶和酸性磷酸酶活性,从而提高黄瓜幼苗抗病性。
综上所述,本试验通过研究确定了茄子中糖苷生物碱的提取测定方法,从而为大量生产茄碱工艺的开发提供技术参数;分析了糖苷生物碱在不同茄子品种和不同部位中的含量分布特征,从而为寻找高糖苷生物碱含量的种质资源提供理论依据;明确了茄子糖苷生物碱的化学生态学功能,为开发安全、环保的天然防腐剂及生物农药提供潜在资源,为进一步研究、改善茄子栽培生态环境提供理论依据。
Different methods which include coloration method,TLC method,spectrophotography method and HPLC method was designed to comprehensive analysis and consultation the composition of glycoalkaloid in eggplant.Ultrasonic wave extraction and HPLC were used to study regulation that theα-solanine content distributes in eggplant.Release pathway of glycoalkaloid from eggplant was studied by imitating release process of glycoalkaloid from eggplant.Adopt the indoor living creature measurement and outdoor potted plant combines together.By the research that influence of glycoalkaloid on germ growth,pathogenicity, resistance physiology of cucumber and melon's seedling and rhizosphere microorganisms population,we discussed the function and mechanism of glycoalkaloid in eggplant on vegetable germ defense,and evaluated the allelopathy of glycoalkaloid in eggplant on itself and other plant.Thus glycoalkaloid in eggplant can be used in medical care and chemical ecology,and made the nutritional quality and disease resistance of eggplant increased.It also can provide potential resources and theoretical basis to the crop resistance breeding, development and utilization of food preservative,bio-pesticide and intercropping between different vegetable.
1.We established a HPLC detection method ofα-solanine in eggplant which used Waters Nova-pak C_(18) as chromatographic column,acetonitrile-0.05 mol·L~(-1)K_2HPO_4(70:30,the pH of H_3PO_4 was adapted to 4.5) as mobile phase,velocity of flow was 0.7 mL·min~(-1).Column temperature was 25℃.Detection wavelength was 205 um.Injection volume was 10μL.This technique has been proved to be good precision and accuracy and adapt to qualitative and quantitative analysis of glycoalkaloid in eggplant.
2.Our study established the extraction method of from eggplant using ultrasonic.Extraction solvent was 10 times amount 70%methanol.The extraction process last 60 min under 50℃. Anhydrous aether extraction was used to be purification ofα-solanine.The best pH during the process thatα-solanine dissolve in acid was 2 to 3.The best pH during the process whichα-solanine deposit in aqueous alkali was 10 to 11.The average recovery ofα-solanine was 98.0%.RSD was 1.23%(n=3).All of the above proved the ultrasonic extraction has good precision and accuracy.
3.The content ofα-solanine in eggplant has been studied in this research.And content order ofα-solanine in different organs is seeds>fruits>leave>roots>lateral branch> main stem.The maximum content ofα-solanine in leave and main stem appeared at May.The roots' appear at June.There was some difference about content ofα-solanine among different type of eggplant fruits.Content ofα-solanine in purple eggplant was significantly higher than green eggplant. Content ofα-solanine in first fruit was significantly higher than second fruit and third fruit. Content ofα-solanine in immature fruit was significantly higher than mature fruit.And the content ofα-solanine in flesh was significantly higher than the pericarp.
4.Release path of glycoalkaloid in eggplant was clarified.The glycoalkaloid in eggplant can be released through root exudation,remnants body decomposition and seed germination. Main path to release glycoalkaloid are remnants body decomposition and seed germination. Only a little glycoalkaloid was released through root exudation.Rainwater eluviate almost couldn't make glycoalkaloid in eggplant released to environment.The main period of glycoalkaloid release from eggplant root was from seedling alabastrum to the mature of the third eggplant.Content ofα-solanine in the soil around eggplant root significantly increase at the period which from the first fruit to the second fruit.The content order of released glycoalkaloid from remnants body at different part of eggplant was leaf>root>stem.Along with remnants decompose,glycoalkaloid content in soil which around roots significantly increased.The content of glycoalkaloid which released through seed germination closely related to seed germination.That glycoalkaloid can inhibit eggplant seed to germinate.
5.The resistance of glycoalkaloid in eggplant on vegetable phytopathogen was studied.There is significant inhibition which glycoalkaloid in eggplant acted on F.omysporum cucumerinum and F.oxysporum melonis,and poor inhibition on F.oxysporum vasinfectum and Botrytis cinerea.There is almost none inhibition which glycoalkaloid in eggplant acted on Verticillium dahliae.The inhibition on F.omysporum cucumerinum and F.oxysporum melonis expressed in hypha growth and pathogenicity.The inhibition of glycoalkaloid in eggplant appeared the strongest at neutrality and alkalescence.But it would lost inhibition at high temperature for long time.Glycoalkaloid in eggplant has better prevention on F.omysporum cucumerinum and F.oxysporum melonis whatever the eggplant was resistant variety or not.But the prevention effect of resistant variety was better than susceptible variety.The inhibition of glycoalkaloid significantly decreased after hydrolysis.So that structure of glycoalkaloid closely related to the inhibition.
6.Allelopathy which glycoalkaloid in eggplant acted on itself and other vegetable had been studied.The glycoalkaloid in eggplant had significant inhibition on seed germination of solanaceous vegetable.However,the seed germination of melon and bean were promoted by glycoalkaloid at lower concentration but inhibited at higher concentration.The strength order of allelopathy which glycoalkaloid acted on other five vegetable is eggplant>tomato>bean >cucumber>melon.Physiological activity and metabolism of solanaceous vegetable seed germination was significantly inhibited by glycoalkaloid in eggplant.And the inhibition on melon and bean was lower than solanaceous vegetable.The affection which glycoalkaloid in eggplant acted on other vegetable mainly expressed at seed germination and no significant affection on seedling growth.Higher concentration of glycoalkaloid could inhibit seedling growth of eggplant.Disease resistance of glycoalkaloid increased through affect the resistance physiology of cucumber and melon.
7.Affection that glycoalkaloid in eggplant acted on biological activity in rhizosphere soil of cucumber.By the treatment of glycoalkaloid in eggplant,content of actinomyces and bacterium in rhizosphere soil increased,fungi content decreased,ratio of A/F and B/F increased,microorganism content in soil increased.Action of glycoalkaloid in eggplant on rhizosphere microorganism at seedling stage of cucumber was significant higher than initial bloom stage.Microorganism content at initial bloom stage was significantly higher than seedling stage.Fungi and harmful colony population of rhizosphere were decreased by glycoalkaloid in eggplant treatment.And beneficial fungi population increased.Activity of catalase,polyphenoloxidase,urase and phenol at seedling stage were increased by glycoalkaloid in eggplant treatment.So that disease resistance of cucumber seedling increased.
In summary,the extracting and determinating method of glycoalkaloid in eggplant were determined in this study,which will provide technical parameters for development of glycoalkaloid production process.The content distribution in different cultivars and positions of eggplant was analyzed,which will provide theoretical basis for searching for germplasms with high glycoalkaloid content.The chemical ecology functions of glycoalkaloid in eggplant were cleared,which will provide potential sources for developing safe and environmental natural preservative and biological agrochemical,which will also provide theoretical basis for further research and improvement of ecological environment of eggplant cultivation.
1.本研究建立了以Waters Nova-pak C_(18)柱为色谱柱;乙腈-0.05 mol·L~(-1)K_2HPO_4(70:30,H_3PO_4调pH值到4.5)为流动相;0.7 mL·min~(-1)流速;25℃柱温;205 nm检测波长;10μL进样量的茄子中α-茄碱的HPLC检测方法。并证明,该方法精密度高、准确性好,适用于茄子中糖苷生物碱的定性与定量分析。
2.本研究建立了以超声波技术为提取手段,以10倍量的70%甲醇为提取剂,以50℃下提取60 min为提取条件的茄子中α-茄碱的提取方法,并确定了以无水乙醚液-液萃取为纯化手段,提取过程中最佳酸溶pH为2-3,最佳碱沉pH为10-11。该方法α-茄碱平均回收率为98.0%,RSD为1.23%(n=3),说明该提取方法提取率和精密度高、稳定性好,合理可行。
3.明确了茄子中糖苷生物碱的含量分布特征。不同器官中α-茄碱含量大小顺序为:种子＞果实＞叶片＞根系＞侧枝＞主茎:叶片和主茎中α-茄碱含量的最高值出现在5月份左右,而根系则出现在6月份。不同品种类型的茄子果实中α-茄碱含量不同,紫茄中α-茄碱含量显著高于绿茄,门茄果实中α-茄碱含量显著高于对茄、四面斗等其它时期的果实,未成熟的果实中α-茄碱含量显著高于成熟的茄子果实,果肉中α-茄碱含量显著高于果皮。
4.阐明了茄子糖苷生物碱释放途径。茄子可通过根系分泌、残体分解和种子萌发的途径向环境中释放糖苷生物碱,其中残体分解和种子萌发是主要途径,根系只能主动分泌极少量的糖苷生物碱,雨水淋溶或浸泡几乎不会使茄子植株中糖苷生物碱释放到环境中。从茄苗现蕾到四面斗果实成熟是根系分泌糖苷生物碱的主要时期,门茄坐果至对茄成熟,茄子根际土壤中α-茄碱含量增加最显著。植株不同部位残茬腐解后释放出的糖苷生物碱量大小顺序为:叶＞根＞茎,随着残株分解时间的延长,根际土壤中茄碱含量显著增高。茄子种子萌发过程释放的生物碱含量与种子萌发密切相关,该生物碱可抑制茄子种子萌发。
5.明确了茄子糖苷生物碱对蔬菜病原菌的抗性。茄子糖苷生物碱对黄瓜枯萎菌和甜瓜枯萎菌具有较显著的抑制作用,对于辣椒枯萎菌和番茄灰霉菌抑制作用较弱、而对于茄子黄萎菌未表现抑制作用,对于黄瓜和甜瓜枯萎菌的抑制作用主要表现在抑制菌体生长和致病性两方面。茄子糖苷生物碱在中性至弱碱性条件下抑菌活性最强,在长时间高温条件下失去抑菌活性;无论是抗病还是感病品种,茄子糖苷生物碱对于黄瓜枯萎病和甜瓜枯萎病具有较好的预防效果,但对抗病品种的预防效果要好于感病品种。糖苷生物碱水解后的产物抑菌活性显著下降,说明糖苷生物碱结构与抑菌活性关系密切。
6.研究了茄子糖苷生物碱对自身和其它蔬菜的化感作用。茄子糖苷生物碱对于茄科蔬菜作物种子萌发具有显著的抑制作用,而对瓜类和菜豆种子萌发则呈现“低促高抑”的双重浓度效应,糖苷生物碱对于五种蔬菜的化感抑制效应大小顺序为:茄子＞番茄＞菜豆＞黄瓜＞甜瓜。茄子糖苷生物碱对于茄科蔬菜作物种子萌发生理活动和生理代谢具有较显著的抑制作用,而对瓜类和菜豆种子的影响较小。茄子糖苷生物碱对其它蔬菜生长的影响主要体现在种子萌发阶段,对幼苗生长无显著影响,高浓度糖苷生物碱会抑制茄子幼苗生长;茄子糖苷生物碱可通过影响黄瓜和甜瓜幼苗抗性生理来提高自身抗病性。
7.明确了茄子糖苷生物碱对黄瓜根际土壤生物活性的影响。茄子糖苷生物碱处理植株同对照相比根际放线菌和细菌数量增加,真菌数量减少,A/F比值和B/F比值均升高,土壤微生物总量增加。茄子糖苷生物碱对黄瓜苗期根际微生物的作用效果显著大于初花期,初花期根际微生物数量显著多于苗期。茄子糖苷生物碱处理使黄瓜根际真菌种群总数和有害种群数量减少,但有益真菌种群数量增加。茄子糖苷生物碱处理可以提高黄瓜苗期根际土壤过氧化氢酶、多酚氧化酶、脲酶和酸性磷酸酶活性,从而提高黄瓜幼苗抗病性。
综上所述,本试验通过研究确定了茄子中糖苷生物碱的提取测定方法,从而为大量生产茄碱工艺的开发提供技术参数;分析了糖苷生物碱在不同茄子品种和不同部位中的含量分布特征,从而为寻找高糖苷生物碱含量的种质资源提供理论依据;明确了茄子糖苷生物碱的化学生态学功能,为开发安全、环保的天然防腐剂及生物农药提供潜在资源,为进一步研究、改善茄子栽培生态环境提供理论依据。
Different methods which include coloration method,TLC method,spectrophotography method and HPLC method was designed to comprehensive analysis and consultation the composition of glycoalkaloid in eggplant.Ultrasonic wave extraction and HPLC were used to study regulation that theα-solanine content distributes in eggplant.Release pathway of glycoalkaloid from eggplant was studied by imitating release process of glycoalkaloid from eggplant.Adopt the indoor living creature measurement and outdoor potted plant combines together.By the research that influence of glycoalkaloid on germ growth,pathogenicity, resistance physiology of cucumber and melon's seedling and rhizosphere microorganisms population,we discussed the function and mechanism of glycoalkaloid in eggplant on vegetable germ defense,and evaluated the allelopathy of glycoalkaloid in eggplant on itself and other plant.Thus glycoalkaloid in eggplant can be used in medical care and chemical ecology,and made the nutritional quality and disease resistance of eggplant increased.It also can provide potential resources and theoretical basis to the crop resistance breeding, development and utilization of food preservative,bio-pesticide and intercropping between different vegetable.
1.We established a HPLC detection method ofα-solanine in eggplant which used Waters Nova-pak C_(18) as chromatographic column,acetonitrile-0.05 mol·L~(-1)K_2HPO_4(70:30,the pH of H_3PO_4 was adapted to 4.5) as mobile phase,velocity of flow was 0.7 mL·min~(-1).Column temperature was 25℃.Detection wavelength was 205 um.Injection volume was 10μL.This technique has been proved to be good precision and accuracy and adapt to qualitative and quantitative analysis of glycoalkaloid in eggplant.
2.Our study established the extraction method of from eggplant using ultrasonic.Extraction solvent was 10 times amount 70%methanol.The extraction process last 60 min under 50℃. Anhydrous aether extraction was used to be purification ofα-solanine.The best pH during the process thatα-solanine dissolve in acid was 2 to 3.The best pH during the process whichα-solanine deposit in aqueous alkali was 10 to 11.The average recovery ofα-solanine was 98.0%.RSD was 1.23%(n=3).All of the above proved the ultrasonic extraction has good precision and accuracy.
3.The content ofα-solanine in eggplant has been studied in this research.And content order ofα-solanine in different organs is seeds>fruits>leave>roots>lateral branch> main stem.The maximum content ofα-solanine in leave and main stem appeared at May.The roots' appear at June.There was some difference about content ofα-solanine among different type of eggplant fruits.Content ofα-solanine in purple eggplant was significantly higher than green eggplant. Content ofα-solanine in first fruit was significantly higher than second fruit and third fruit. Content ofα-solanine in immature fruit was significantly higher than mature fruit.And the content ofα-solanine in flesh was significantly higher than the pericarp.
4.Release path of glycoalkaloid in eggplant was clarified.The glycoalkaloid in eggplant can be released through root exudation,remnants body decomposition and seed germination. Main path to release glycoalkaloid are remnants body decomposition and seed germination. Only a little glycoalkaloid was released through root exudation.Rainwater eluviate almost couldn't make glycoalkaloid in eggplant released to environment.The main period of glycoalkaloid release from eggplant root was from seedling alabastrum to the mature of the third eggplant.Content ofα-solanine in the soil around eggplant root significantly increase at the period which from the first fruit to the second fruit.The content order of released glycoalkaloid from remnants body at different part of eggplant was leaf>root>stem.Along with remnants decompose,glycoalkaloid content in soil which around roots significantly increased.The content of glycoalkaloid which released through seed germination closely related to seed germination.That glycoalkaloid can inhibit eggplant seed to germinate.
5.The resistance of glycoalkaloid in eggplant on vegetable phytopathogen was studied.There is significant inhibition which glycoalkaloid in eggplant acted on F.omysporum cucumerinum and F.oxysporum melonis,and poor inhibition on F.oxysporum vasinfectum and Botrytis cinerea.There is almost none inhibition which glycoalkaloid in eggplant acted on Verticillium dahliae.The inhibition on F.omysporum cucumerinum and F.oxysporum melonis expressed in hypha growth and pathogenicity.The inhibition of glycoalkaloid in eggplant appeared the strongest at neutrality and alkalescence.But it would lost inhibition at high temperature for long time.Glycoalkaloid in eggplant has better prevention on F.omysporum cucumerinum and F.oxysporum melonis whatever the eggplant was resistant variety or not.But the prevention effect of resistant variety was better than susceptible variety.The inhibition of glycoalkaloid significantly decreased after hydrolysis.So that structure of glycoalkaloid closely related to the inhibition.
6.Allelopathy which glycoalkaloid in eggplant acted on itself and other vegetable had been studied.The glycoalkaloid in eggplant had significant inhibition on seed germination of solanaceous vegetable.However,the seed germination of melon and bean were promoted by glycoalkaloid at lower concentration but inhibited at higher concentration.The strength order of allelopathy which glycoalkaloid acted on other five vegetable is eggplant>tomato>bean >cucumber>melon.Physiological activity and metabolism of solanaceous vegetable seed germination was significantly inhibited by glycoalkaloid in eggplant.And the inhibition on melon and bean was lower than solanaceous vegetable.The affection which glycoalkaloid in eggplant acted on other vegetable mainly expressed at seed germination and no significant affection on seedling growth.Higher concentration of glycoalkaloid could inhibit seedling growth of eggplant.Disease resistance of glycoalkaloid increased through affect the resistance physiology of cucumber and melon.
7.Affection that glycoalkaloid in eggplant acted on biological activity in rhizosphere soil of cucumber.By the treatment of glycoalkaloid in eggplant,content of actinomyces and bacterium in rhizosphere soil increased,fungi content decreased,ratio of A/F and B/F increased,microorganism content in soil increased.Action of glycoalkaloid in eggplant on rhizosphere microorganism at seedling stage of cucumber was significant higher than initial bloom stage.Microorganism content at initial bloom stage was significantly higher than seedling stage.Fungi and harmful colony population of rhizosphere were decreased by glycoalkaloid in eggplant treatment.And beneficial fungi population increased.Activity of catalase,polyphenoloxidase,urase and phenol at seedling stage were increased by glycoalkaloid in eggplant treatment.So that disease resistance of cucumber seedling increased.
In summary,the extracting and determinating method of glycoalkaloid in eggplant were determined in this study,which will provide technical parameters for development of glycoalkaloid production process.The content distribution in different cultivars and positions of eggplant was analyzed,which will provide theoretical basis for searching for germplasms with high glycoalkaloid content.The chemical ecology functions of glycoalkaloid in eggplant were cleared,which will provide potential sources for developing safe and environmental natural preservative and biological agrochemical,which will also provide theoretical basis for further research and improvement of ecological environment of eggplant cultivation.
引文
1.蔡淑娴.2005.白英(Solanum Lyratum)糖苷甾体生物碱提取、纯化、检测技术与灭螺效果研究.湖南农业大学硕士学位论文:14-15
2.柴墙.2003.化感物质对间作复合群体微生物及土壤酶的影响研究.甘肃农业大学博士论文:95-96
3.陈建勋,王晓峰.2006.植物生理学实验指导(第二版),广州:华南理工大学出版社,28-31,57-58
4.陈捷.1994.植物病理生理学.沈阳:辽宁科学技术出版社,66-74
5.陈军,蔡宝昌,沈春云,胡巍.2007.马钱子总生物碱的含量测定.中药新药与临床药理,18(6):468-471
6.陈汝盛,厉将斌,郭晓健,张志宏,郭应禄,陈晓光.2004.猪苓龙葵水提物的抗肿瘤药效.中国中药杂志,29(51):481-482
7.董金皋,樊慕贞,韩建民,刘书华,曹丽慧.1999.芸苔链格孢毒素对白菜细胞膜透性、SOD酶和POD酶活性的影响.植物病理学报,29(2):138-141
8.段光明,冯彩萍.1992.马铃薯糖苷生物碱.植物生理学通讯,28(6):457-461
9.段光明,冯育林,叶荩.1995.马铃薯糖苷生物碱的薄层层析及扫描测定.生物化学杂志,11(3):368-369
10.段光明,周晓梅.1994.马铃薯糖苷生物碱对人血胆碱酯酶的抑制.生物化学杂志,10(5):575-578.
11.段光明,宗会.1993.不同溶剂系统对马铃薯糖苷生物碱的提取效果.植物生理学通讯,29(5):368-370
12.段江燕,冯军军,武志洋,袁丽环,张金红.2005.番茄碱对环核苷酸磷酸二酯酶活性的影响.植物保护学报,32(3):335-336
13.段江燕,张金红.2004.番茄碱对人红细胞膜Na-K-ATPase的影响.西北植物学报,24(8):1424-1426
14.段江燕.2006.番茄碱对棉铃虫的毒性作用机理初探.西北植物学报,26(1):117-120
15.段学武,庞学群,张昭其,季作梁.2002.冷激处理对香蕉高温下生理变化的影响.热带作物学报,23(2):31-35.
16.段志芳,黄丽华.2008.少花龙葵化学成分预试及抑制亚硝化反应研究.时针国医国药,19(8):1192-1194
17.樊绍钵,邓明鲁,段维和,张丰熙.1995.吉林药材图志(续集).北京:中医古籍出版社,95-96
18.冯红贤,杨逞,李欣允,王明祖.2004.蔬菜连作对土壤生物化学性质的影响.长江蔬菜,(11):40-43
19.高洪敏,宁家林,于兵,陈捷.2000.玉米茎腐病菌毒素的致病机制(Ⅰ).辽宁农业科学,(6):6-9
20.高俊凤.2006.植物生理学实验指导,北京:高等教育出版社,214
21.高世勇,邹翔,汲晨锋,王宏亮.2007.龙葵碱诱导HepG2细胞凋亡的观察.哈尔滨商业大学学报(自然科学版),23(6):644-650
22.高世勇,邹翔,王宏亮,季宇彬.2007.龙葵碱对HePG2细胞内[Ca~(2+)]i的影响.哈尔滨商业大学学报(自然科学版),23(5):514-516,519
23.耿广东,程智慧,孟焕文.2005.西瓜化感作用及其机理研究.果树学报,22(3):247-251.
24.顾美英,徐万里,茆军,梁智,张志东,房世杰.2009.连作对新疆绿洲棉田土壤微生物数量及酶活性的影响.干旱地区农业研究,27(1):1-5
25.郭荣君,刘杏忠,杨怀文.1998.大豆根际细菌Ⅰ拮抗大豆根腐病菌研究.大豆科学,17(1):53-58
26.郭孝武.1996.超声波提取法提取益母草中的总生物,声学技术,15(4):195-197
27.韩庆华,马永清.1994.小麦秸秆中生化他感化合物的研究概况.生态农业研究,2(4):71-76
28.郝建军,刘延吉.2001.植物生理学实验技术,沈阳:辽宁科学技术出版社,175-180,162-166,100
29.何华勤,林文雄.水稻化感作用生理生化特性研究.中国生态农业学报,2001,9(3):56-57.
30.何军,祝林,奉建芳.2003.附子总生物碱含量测定方法比较.现代中药研究与实践,17(6):20-22
31.何梅,夏之宁,郭宝元,王力.2002.分离技术中超声波的应用现状.化学通报,65(3):1-4
32.胡景江,朱玮,文建雷.1999.杨树细胞壁HRGP和木质素的诱导积累与其对溃疡病抗性的关系.植物病理学报,29(2):151-156.
33.黄新培.1986.植物源信息素的研究.世界农业,(6):27-29
34.霍权恭,朱之光,周展明,方云,李辉.1996.马铃薯中配糖生物碱总量测定方法研究.分析试验室,15(6):39-41
35.霍星华,赵宝玉,王建军,万学攀,龙安丽.2008.镰形棘豆化学成分预试及生物碱成分薄层色谱分析.西北农业学报,17(2):24-28,32
36.季宇彬,高世勇.2008.龙葵碱诱导HepG2细胞凋亡的线粒体通路研究.中国药学杂志,43(4):272-275
37.季宇彬,王宏亮,高世勇.龙葵碱对荷瘤小鼠肿瘤细胞DNA和RNA的影响.中草药,2005,36 (8):1200-1202.
38.季宇彬,徐丽丽,高世勇.2008.龙葵碱对HepG2细胞磷脂酰丝氨酸及断裂DNA研究.哈尔滨商业大学学报(自然科学版),24(3):268-273
39.蒋红云,张燕宁,冯平章,张恒.石蒜对萝卜、黄瓜、番茄和油菜幼苗的化感效应.应用生态学报,2006,17(9):1655-1659
40.蒋新宇,杨辉,赵宇.2006.龙葵中甾体类生物总碱的含量测定.食品科学,27(8):224-227
41.靳利娥,闫果兰,谢鲜梅,常丽萍.2007.茄秆中生物总碱提取条件的研究.生物质化学工程,41(5):42-44
42.孔垂华,胡飞.2001.植物化感(相生相克)作用及其应用.北京:中国农业出版社,8-16,94-115,126-191,227-264
43.孔垂华,徐涛,胡飞.1998.胜红蓟化感作用研究Ⅱ.主要化感物质的释放途径和活性.应用生态学报,9(3):257-260
44.来爱萍,张启嫒,姚永祥,王护民.2002.植物灭螺剂黄果茄原粉LD50的测定.中国血吸虫病防治杂志,14(4):251-252
45.黎开强,吴卫,郑有良,代勇,牟兰,廖凯.2008.温度对川贝母生理指标、鳞茎产量及总生物碱含量的影响.中国中药杂志,33(16):1948-1951
46.李丹,王平全,张楠森.1996.龙葵碱类生物碱的研究进展及临床应用.中草药,27(5):308-310
47.李明慧,孙世顷,曹亮,刘世聪,丁岗,刘景晶.2008.龙葵甾体类生物碱对S_(180)及Lewis肺癌移植瘤小鼠的影响.中国天然药物,6(3):223-226
48.李绍文.2001.生态生物化学.北京:北京大学出版社,94-247
49.李盛钰,赵雪淞,何大俊,周义发.2007.茄科植物糖苷生物碱的药物活性研究进展.中草药,38(1):147-150
50.李文新,黄雪英,祁超,刘实,Kodama O.,Utaka K.2007.黄果茄果实杀螺成分的分离和结构解析.农药,46(9):591-593
51.李晓晔,柳巍,吴红,许兵,宋振顺,许自超.2000.高压液相色谱法测定兔缺血再灌注肝ATP 含量.现代科学仪器,(2):28-29
52.李兴,何凤发,张建佳.2009.地不容总生物碱提取工艺研究.西南大学学报(自然科学版),31(1):127-131
53.李洲,程溪,王春静,李桂玲,夏淑贞,魏凤华.2005.黄果茄杀灭钉螺有效成分的分离提纯及其效果观察.中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志,23(4):206-208
54.梁丹,李志伟,李明,张建夫.2007.天然生物碱的研究与应用.安徽农业科学,35(35): 11340-11342
55.梁生旺.1998.薄层扫描法测定龙葵中澳洲茄胺的含量.中国药学杂志,32(8):494-495
56.林文雄,何华勤,郭玉春等.水稻化感作用及其生理生化特性的研究,应用生态学报,2001,12(6):871-875.
57.刘春安,彭明.1994.抗癌中药大辞典.武汉:湖北科学技术出版社,294-297
58.刘洪升,宋秋华,李凤民.2002.根分泌物对根际矿物营养及根际微生物的效应.西北植物学报,22(3):693-702
59.刘会梅,张天宇.2008.土壤真菌研究进展.山东农业大学学报(自然科学版),39(2):326-330
60.刘建新,胡浩斌,赵国林.多裂骆驼蓬的生物碱对黄瓜种子萌发的影响.植物生理学通讯,2007,43(2):250-254
61.刘覃,陈晓青,蒋新宇,吴升德.2005.微波辅助提取龙葵中总生物碱的研究.天然产物研究与开发,17(1):65-69
62.卢旭.2007.生物碱提取技术研究及进展.天津化工,21(3):4-6
63.鲁长虎.2005.果实(种子)化学防御与食果实动物的适应对策.生态学杂志,24(5):567-572
64.马永清,韩庆华.1993.不同玉米品种对麦秸覆盖引起的生化他感作用的差异性分析.生态农业研究,1(4):65-69
65.马永清,毛仁钊,刘孟雨,刘小京,张玉铭.1993.小麦秸秆的生化他感效应.生态学杂志,12(5):36-38
66.马云华,王秀峰,魏珉,亓延凤,李天来.2005.黄瓜连作土壤酚酸类物质积累对土壤微生物和酶活性的影响.应用生态学报,16(11):2149-2153
67.饶雪琴,李人柯.1999.苦瓜枯萎病菌滤液鉴定苗期抗病性的初步探讨.江西农业大学学报,21(3):367-369.
68.上海植物生理研究所细胞生理室.1976.分离植物原生质体的纤维素酶的制备及性质.生物化学与生物物理学报,8(4):341-349
69.申卫收,林先贵,张华勇,尹睿,段增强,施卫明.2008.不同栽培条件下蔬菜塑料大棚土壤氮磷生物转化特征.农业工程学报,24(2):199-203
70.宋亮,潘开文,王进闯,马玉红.酚酸类物质对苜蓿种子萌发及抗氧化物酶活性的影响.生态学报,2006,26(20):3393-3403
71.孙广宇,宗兆锋.2002.植物病理学实验技术,北京:中国农业出版社,112-115
72.唐咏,梁成华,刘志恒,须湘成.1999.日光温室蔬菜栽培对土壤微生物和酶活性的影响.沈阳农业大学学报(自然科学版),30(1):16-19
73.唐裕芳,张妙玲,刘忠义,邓孝平.2004.荷叶生物碱的提取及其抑菌活性研究.广州食品工业科技,20(2):51-52
74.陶永霞,刘洪海,王忠民,于志涛,李岷.2006.番茄碱的研究现状及应用前景.现代食品科技,22(2):253-256
75.陶永霞,刘洪海,王忠民,黄静,张海燕.2006,番茄生物碱粗提物抑菌作用的研究.天然产物研究与开发,18:438-440.
76.汪云松,李祖强,杨靖华.1998.刺天茄化学成分研究.云南大学学报(然科学版),20:396-398
77.汪鋆植,叶红.1999.茄子根总生物碱活血止痛作用的是研究.中国中医药科技,6(6):381-382
78.王大力.1998.水稻化感作用研究综述.生态学报,18(3):326-334
79.王德强.2008.石蒜中生物碱的提取条件优化.食品与生物技术学报,6(27):53-56
80.王伏林,吴关庭,郎春秀,陈锦清.2006.植物中的乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(AACase).植物生理学通讯,42(1):10-14
81.王理达,胡迎庆.2001.13种生药提取物及化学成分的抗真菌活性筛选.中草药,32(3):241-244
82.王璞,赵秀琴.几种化感物质对棉花种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响.中国农业大学学报,2001,6(3):26-31
83.王如平,石雪萍,张卫明,张宇思.2008.花椒总生物碱提取条件研究.食品科学,29(10):273-276
84.王守兰,朱佳.1996.高效液相色谱法测定马铃薯中α-茄碱含量.食品科学,6:60-61
85.王彦章,卞生珍.2000.番茄成熟过程中番茄碱含量的变化及其抑菌作用.新疆农业大学学报,23(2):35-37
86.王张杰.2008.黄果茄中生物碱的提取分离、结构剖析及生物活性研究.华中师范大学硕士学位论文:33-44
87.卫扬斗,朱振东,周茂繁.1990.生物碱的抑菌特性与黄连白绢病菌致病性关系的研究,植物病理学报,20(4):297-302
88.魏风华,徐兴建,刘建兵,戴裕海,杨先祥,李文新,赵利琴,盛桂莲.2000.黄果茄植物灭螺成份的提取及灭螺效果研究.中国人兽共患病杂志,16(6):58-60
89.沃勒,诺瓦茨基.1984.生物碱的生物学及其在植物中的代谢作用.北京:科学出版社,127-132
90.吴凤芝,黄彩红,赵凤艳.酚酸类物质对黄瓜幼苗生长及保护酶活性的影响.中国农业科学,2002,35(7):821-825
91.吴凤芝,潘凯,马凤鸣,王学东.苯丙烯酸对黄瓜幼苗光合作用和细胞超微结构的影响.园艺学报,2004,31(2):183-188
92.谢纲,李冲.2006.茄属植物化学成分和生物活性.国外医药(植物药分册),21(2):63-65
93.谢启梅.1995.龙葵在肿瘤治疗中的运用.江西中医药,27(2):116-117
94.徐美娟,管致和.1994.番茄植株中生物碱类对菜青虫(Pieris rapae L.)活性组分的分离及提纯.北京农业大学学报,20(4):153-156
95.许勇,朱其杰,陈晓莉.1993.镰刀菌酸对黄瓜不同品种的致萎力与枯萎病菌致病力的相关性.中国蔬菜,(1):19-20
96.许勇华,饶琼,王沫.2007.杀虫生物碱研究概述.农药研究与应用,11(5):12-16
97.颜启传.2001.种子检验原理和技术.杭州:浙江大学出版社,2,66,102
98.颜秋生,殳邦英,黄世英.1978.植物细胞壁降解酶的制备.遗传与育种,(6):28-29
99.杨辉,陈晓青,赵宇,薛小娟.2006.龙葵甾体类生物碱的表征及其在该植物体内的形成、变化.精细化工,23(04):258-361
100.杨满业,贺新生,林明.1995.黄果茄生物碱的初步研究.绵阳农专学报,12(4):9-12
101.杨文宇,万德光.2008.桑树总生物碱分析方法与提取方法的探讨.时针国医国药,19(5):1043-1045
102.杨秀伟.2004.生物碱.北京:化学工业出版社,393
103.姚新生.1994.天然药物化学.北京:人民卫生出版社,3-48
104.余永婷.2008.超声波提取苦豆子生物碱的工艺研究.中国食品添加剂,(3):69-72
105.张成义,李霜,陈曦,王春梅.2002.龙葵总生物碱抗喘作用机制的实验研究.中国医学理论与实践基础,(4):488-489
106.张继,马君义,姚建,杨永利,黄爱仑,姬小花.2003.黑沙蒿资源的综合开发利用研究.中国野生植物资源,22(1):27-29
107.张金红,张国环.1995.番茄碱对人红细胞ca~(2+)-Mg~(2+)ATPase活性影响的研究.南开大学学报(自然科学),28(3):107-109
108.张薇,文雄,潘双银,熊兴耀.2008.微波辅助提取马铃薯龙葵素.园艺学报,35(9):1393-1396
109.张薇,熊兴耀,李霞.2006.马铃薯中龙葵素的提取方法.湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版),32(6):665-667
110.张宇.2003.珍蔬-茄子.上海蔬菜,(2):43-44
111.张志良,瞿伟菁.2003.植物生理学实验指导(第3版).北京:高等教育出版社,135-137,274-277
112.赵骥民.2006.茄科植物糖苷生物碱Chaconine,Solanine和Tomatine抗真菌的防御作用及生态意义.东北师范大学博士学位论文:2
113.赵声兰,陈朝银,段家贵.仙人掌提取物的抑菌作用研究.食品工业科技,2003,24(5):40-43.
114.赵雪淞,孙芳,郭永键,周义发.2007.糖苷生物碱化学生态学研究进展.生态学杂志,26(6):948-953
115.赵雪淞.2006.龙葵糖苷生物碱Solamargme和Solasonine的提取分离及其抗真菌作用研究.东北师范大学硕士学位论文:1-2
116.钟惠民,袁瑾,张书圣.2002.野生植物刺天茄和鸡蛋参的营养成分分析.云南大学学报(自然科学版),24(6):457-458
117.周琴音.2007.龙葵总生物碱提取方法的考察.当代医学(学术版),(10):136-138
118.周吴萍,韦媛嫒,李军生,阎柳娟,赖雪芬.2008.广西一点红总生物碱的提取和抗菌活性研究.时针国医国药,19(8):1835-1837
119.朱卫丰,廖梅香.2008.异甾体类生物碱的研究进展.亚太传统医药,4(1):40-43
120.Ahmed K.M.1996.Constituents of the some Solanum melongena varieties.Egyptian Journal of Pharmarmaceutieal Sciences,37:37-44
121.Alison M.F.,James G.Roddick.1993.Interactive antifungal activity of the glycoalkaloid solanine and chaconine.Phytochemistry,33(2):323-328
122.Alison M.F.,James G.,Roddick and Weissenberg,M.1994.Interactions between the glycoalkaloids solasonine and solamargine in relation to inhibition of fungal growth.Phytochemistry,37(7):1007-1011
123.Alison M.Fewell and James G.Roddick.1993,Interactive antifungal activity of the glycoalkaloid solanine and chaconine.Phytochemistry,33(2):323-328.
124.Alison M.Fewell,James G.Roddick and Martin Weissenberg.1994,Interactions between the glycoalkaloids solasonine and solamargine in relation to inhibition of fungal growth.Phytochcmistry,37(7):1007-1011.
125.Allen,E.H.and K(?)c J.1968.α-Solanine and α-chaconine as fungitoxic compounds in extracts of Irish potato tubers.Phytopathology,58:776-781
126.Alphonse W.W.,Sumesh C.,Gerald M.,Wilson N.and Paul K.T.2003.Molluscicidal and antimicrobial activity of Solanum aculcastrum.Fitoterapia,74(3):298-301
127.Alzerreca A.and Hart G.1982.Molluscicidal steroid glycoalkaloids possession stereoisomeric spirosolane structures.Toxicology Letters,12:151-155
128.Andrivon D.,Corbi(?)re R.,Lucas J.M.,Pasco C.,Gravoucille J.M.,Pell(?) R.,Dantcc J.P.and Elliss(?)chc D.2003.Resistance to late blight and soft rot in six potato progenies and glycoalkaloid contents in the tubers.American Journal of Potato Research,80(2):125-134
129.Balashova I.T.,Verderevskaya T.D.and Kintya,P.K.1984.Antiviral activity of steroid glycosides on a model of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) .Sel'skokhozyaistvennaya Biologiya,5:83-86
130.Barbour J.D.and Kennedy G G 1991.Role of steroidal glycolalkaloid ct-tomatine in host-plant resistance of tomato to Colorado potato beetle.Journal of Chemical Ecology,17:989-1005
131.Baybum J.R.,Bantle J.A.and Friedman M.1994.Role of carbohydrate side chains of potato glycoalkaloids in developmental toxicity.Journal of Agricultural and Food Chem istry,42:1511 - 1515
132.Bazivamakenga,R R,Leroux,G D and Simard,R R.Effects of benzonic and cinnamic on membrane permeability of soybean roots.Journal of Chemical Ecology,1995,21:1271-1285
133.Blumer A.and Watt S.M.1984.Homeostasis of mucosal cholesterol in the small intestine of the rat.Lipids,19:721-727
134.Bradow JM,Connick WJ.1990.Volatile seed germination inhibitors from plant residues.J.Chem.Ecol,16 (5):645-666
135.Bulluck III H L.R and Ristaino J.B.2002.Effect of synthetic and organic soil fertility amendments on southern blight,soil microbial communities and yield of processing tomatoes.Phytopathology,92:181-189
136.Bushway R.J.,Barden E.S.and Bushway A W.1979.High-performance liquid chromatographic separation of potato glycoalkaloids.Journal of chromatography,178 (2):533-539
137.Bushway R.J.,Barden E.S.and Wilson A.M.1980b.Analysis of potato glycoalkaloids by high-performance liquid chromatography.Journal of food science,45:1088-1089
138.Bushway R.J.,Bureau J.L.and King J.1986.Modification of the rapid high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of potato glycoalkaloids.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry,34:277-279
139.Calam D.H.and Callow R.K.1964.Histamine protection produced by plant tumour extracts.The active principle of tomato plants infected with grown-gall.British journal of pharmacology,22:486-498
140.Carman A.S.,Kuan S.S.,Francis O.J.and Kirschenheuter G P.1986.Rapid HPLC determination of the potato glycoalkaloid alpha-solanine and alpha-chaconine.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry,34:279-282
141.Cham B.E.1994.Solasodine glycosides as anti-cancer agents:preclinical and clinical studies.Asia Pacific Journal of Pharmacology,9:113-118
142.Christopher A.,Hobby H.T.and Cipollini M.2006.Efficacy and Mechanisms of a-Solasonine and a-Solamargine-Induced Cytolysis on Two Strains of Trypanosoma cruzi.Journal of Chemical Ecology,32:2405-2416
143.Csiky L.and Hansson L.1986.High performance liquid affinity chromatography (HPLAC) of sterols with tomatine chemically bonded to microparticulate silica.Journal of liquid chromatography,9:876-886
144.Dao L and Friedman M.1996.Comparison of glycoalkaloid content of fresh and freeze-dried potato leaves determined by HPLC and colormetry.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry,44 (8):2287-2291
145.Dao L.and Friedman M.1994.Chlorophll,chlorogenic acid,glycoalkaloid,and protease inhibitor content of fresh and green potatoes.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry,42:633-639
146.Dinkins C.L.,Peterson R.K.D.,Gibson J.E.,Hu Q.and Weaver D.2008.Glycoalkaloid responses of potato to Colorado potato beetle defoliation.Food and Chemical Toxicology,46 (8 ):2832-2836
147.Djurdjevie L,Dinic A,Pavlovic P,Mitrovic M,Karadzic B,Tesevic V.Allelopathic potential of Alliumursinum L.Biochemical Systematics and Ecology,2004,32:533-544.
148.Ebadi M.2007.Pharmacodynamic Basis of Herbal Medicine,Second Edition.US:CRC Press,309
149.Edwards E.J.and Cobb A.H.1996.Improved high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the analysis of potato (Solarium tuberosum)Glycoalkaloids.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry,44:2705-2709
150.Edwards E.J.and Cobb A.H.1997.Effect of temperature on glycoalkaloid and chlorophyll accumulation in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.Cv.King Edward) stored at low photon flux density,including preliminary modeling using an artificial neural network.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry,45 (4):1032-1038
151.Ehmke A.,Ohmstede E.and Eilert U.1995.Steroidal glycoalkaloids in cell and shoot teratoma cultures of Solanum dulcamara.Plant Cell,Tissue and Organ Culture,45:191 -197
152.Elmore C.D.1980.Free amino acid from Abutilon theophrastii seed.Weed Reserch,20:61-63
153.Esteves A.,Sarmento T.M.,and Alves C.C.F.2002.Cytotoxic activities against Ehrlich carcinoma and human K562 leukemia of alkaloids and flavonoid from two Solanum species.Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society,13:838-842
154.Fewell A.M.and Roddick J.G.1993.Interactive antifungal activity of the glycoalkaloid solanine and chaconine.Phytochemistry,33 (2):323 - 328
155.Filadelfi M.A.and Zitnak A.1983.A simple TLC standard for the identification of potato glycoalkaloids.Canadian Institute of Food Science and Technology Journal,16:151-153
156.Filderman R.B.and Kovacs B.A.1969.Antiinflammatory activity of the steroid alkaloid glycoside,tomatine.British journal of pharmacology,37:748-755
157.Friedman M.2006.Potato Glycoalkaloids and metabolites:roles in the plant and in the diet.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry,54(23):8655-8681
158.Friedman M.and Lan D.1992.Distribution of glycoalkaloids in potato plant and commercial potato products.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry,40:419-423
159.Friedman M.and Levin C.E.1995.α-Tomatine content in tomato and tomato products determined by HPLC with pulsed amperometric detection.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry,43:1507-1511
160.Friedman M.and Levin C.E.1998.Dehydrotomatine content in tomatoes.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry,46:4571-4576
161.Friedman M.,Fitch T.E.and Vokoyama W.E.2003.Lowering of plasma LDL cholesterol in hamsters by the tomato glycoalkaloid Tomatine.Food Chemical Toxicology,38:549-553
162.Friedman M.,Fitch T.E.,Levin C.E.2000.Feeding tomatoes to hamsters reduces their plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides.Journal of food science,65:897-900
163.Friedman M.,Levin C.E and McDonald G.M.1994.α-Tomatine determination in tomatoes by HPLC using pulsed amperometrie detection.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry,42:1959-1964
164.Fukuhara K.and Kubo L.1991.Isolation of steroidal glyeoalkaloids from Solarium ineanum by two countereurrent chromatographic methods.Phytochemistry,30:685-687
165.Fukuhara K.,Shimizu K.and Kubo L.2004.Arudonine,an allelopathic steroidal glycoalkaloid from the root bark of Solanum arundo Mattei.Phytoehemistry,65:1283-1286
166.Gao S.Y.,Wang Q.J.and Ji YB.2006.Effect of solanine on the membrane potential of mitochondria in HepG_2 cells and[Ca~(2+)]i in the cells.World journal of gastroenterology,12(21):3359-3367
167.Gatti R.,Gioia M.G.and Cavrini V.2004.Determination of Cinchona alkaloids and Vitamin B6 by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection.Analytica Chimica Acta,,512:85-91.
168.Goodwin T.W.1988.植物生物化学导论(汪沛洪译).杨陵:天则出版社,451-550
169.Gubarev M.I.,Enioutina E.Y.,Taylor J.L.,Visic D.M.and Daynes R.A.1998.Plant-derived glycoalkaloids protect mice against lethal infection with Salmonella typhimurium.Phytotherapy Research,12(2):79-88
170.Gy(o|¨)rgy Z.,Tolonen A.,Pakonen M,Neubauer P.and Hohtola A.2004.Enhancing the production of cinnamyl glycosides in compact callus aggregate cultures of Rhodiola rosea by biotransformation of cinnamyl alcohol.Plant Science,166 (1):229-236
171.Hammerschmidt R.1982.Association of enhanced perocidase activity with induced systemic resistance of cucumber to collectotrichum lagenarium.Physiological plant pathology,20:73-82
172.Heal K.G,Sheikh N.A.,Hollingdale M.R.,Morrow W.W.and Taylor-Robinson A.W.2001.Potentiation by a novel alkaloid glycoside adjuvant of a protrctive cytotoxic T cell immune response specific for a preerythroytic malaria vaccine candidate antigen.Vaccine,19:4153-4161
173.Hellenas K.1986.A simplified procedure for the quantification of potato glycoalkaloids in tuber extracts by HPLC;comparison with ELISA and a colorimetric method.Journal of the science of food and agriculture,37:776-782
174.Hiromichi Y.,Sunao K.and Tsuguo H.1998.Effects of compost application on bacterial wilt development and calcium uptake of tomato seedlings.Japanese Journal of Soil and Fertilizer,69 (1):76-78
175.H (o|¨)gy.P and Fangmeier A.2009.Atmospheric CO_2 enrichment affects potatoes:2 Tuber quality traits.European Journal of Agronomy,30 (2):85-94
176.Hopkins J.1995.The glycoalkaloids:Naturally of interest (but a hot potato?) .Food and Chemical Toxicology,33 (4):323-339
177.Hsieha C.C,Fangb H.L.and Lina W.C.2008.Inhibitory effect of solarium nigrum on thioacetamide-induced liver fibrosis in mice.Journal of Ethnopharmacology,119 (1-2):117-121
178.Hu K.,Kobyashi H.,Dong A.,Jing Y,Iwasaki S.and Yao X.1999.Antineoplastic agents Ⅲ:steroidal glycosides from Solanum nigrum.Planta medica.,65:35-38
179.Inbar E.,Green S.J.,Hadar Y.and Minz D.2005.Competing factors of compost concentration and proximity to root affect the distribution of streptomycetes.Microbial Ecology,50:73-81
180.Inderjit.1996.Plant phenolics in allelopathy.The Botanical Reriew,62 (2):186-202
181.Irving G W.,Fontaine T.D and Doolittle S.P.1945.Lycopercicon,a fungistatic substance from tomato ptant.Science,102:9-11
182.Janvier C,Villeneuve F.,Alabouvetie C,Edel-Hermann V.,Mateille T.and Steinberg C.2007.Soil health through soil disease suppression:Which indicators? Soil Biology and Biochemistry,39:1-23
183.John P.M.and Anne E.O.1999.Fungal Resistance to Plant Antibiotics as a Mechanism of pathogenesis.Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews,63:708-724.
184.Jonker H.H.,Koops A.J.and Hoogendoorn J.C.1992.A rapid method for the quantification of steroidal glycoalkaloids by reversed phase HPLC.Potato Research,35:451-455
185.Juvik J.A.and Stevens M.A.1982.Inheritance of foliar R-tomatine content in tomatoes.Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science,107:1061 -1065
186.Juvik J.A.,Stevens M.A.and Rick C.M.1982.Survy of the genus Lycopersicon for variability in R-tomatine content.Hort Science,17:764-766
187.Kabulov B.D.and Yakonov A.L.D.1999.High-performance liquid chromatography of alkaloids.Chemistry of Natural Compounds,27 (5):521-540
188.Kathiresan R.M.2000.Allelopathic potential of native plant against water hyacinth.Crop Protection,19:705-708
189.Katsifas E.A.,Koraki T.G and Karagouni A.D.2000.Determination of metabolic aetivity of streptomycetes in soil microcosms.Journal of Applied Microbiology,89:178-184
190.Keukens E.A.J.,Vrije T,Boom C,de Waard P.,Plasman H.H.,Thiel F.,Chupin V.,Jongen WM.and de Kruijff B.1995.Molecular basis of glycoalkaloid induced membrane disruption.Biochimica et BiophysicaActa-Biomembranes,1240 (2):216-228.
191.Kittipongpatana N.,Porter J.R.and Hock R.S.1999.An improve high performance liquid chromatographic method for the quantification of solasodine.Phytochemical analysis,10:26-31
192.Kodamatani H.,Saito K.,Niina N.,Yamazaki S.and TanakaY.2005.Simple and sensitive method for determination of glycoalkaloids in potato tubers by high-performance liquid chromatography with chemiluminescence detection.Journal of Chromatography A,1100 (2005):26-31
193.Kohara A.,Nakajima C,Hashimoto K.,Ikenaga T.,Tanaka H.,Shoyama Y,Yoshida S.and Muranaka T.2005.A novel glucosyltransferase involved in steroid saponin biosynthesis in Solanum aculeatissimum.Plant Molecular Biology,57:225-239
194.Konishi T.,Shinohara K.and Saski Y.1996.Acctyl-CoAcrboxylase in higher plants:most plants other than Gramineae have both the prokaryotic and the eukaryotic forms of this enzyme.Plant cell physiology,37:117-122
195.Kou W.,Kou S.H.H.,Yun P.L.2000.Anticancer activity evaluation of the Solarium glycoalkaloid Solamargine.Biochemical Pharmacology,60:1865-1873
196.Kozukue N.E.and Yamashita H.S.1994.a-Tomatine purification and quantification in tomatoes by HPLC.Journal of Food Science,59:1211-1212
197.Kozukue N.E.,Yoon K.S.,Byun G I.,Misoo S.,Levin C.E.and Friedman M.2008.Distribution of glycoalkaloids in potato tubers of 59 accessions of two wild and five cultivated solanum Species.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry,56 (24 ):11920-11928
198.Kuske C.R.,Ticknor L.O.,Miller M.E.,Dunbar J.M.,Davis J.A.,Barns S.M.and Belnap J.2002.Comparison of soil baeterial communities in rhizospheres of three plant species and the inter spaeces in an arid grassland.Applied and Environmental Microbiology,68:1854-1863
199.Kutchan T.M.1995.Alkaloid biosynthesis-the basis for metabolic engineering of medicinal plants.Plant Cell,7:1059-1070
200.Kvasnicka R,Price K.R.,Ng K.and Fenwick G R.1994.Determination of potato glycoalkaloids using isotachophoresis and comparison with a HPLC method.Journal of liquid chromatography,17:1941-1951
201.Langkilde S.,Schr(?)der M.,Stewart D.,Meyer O.,Conner S.,Davies H.and Poulsen M.2008.Acute toxicity of high doses of the glycoalkaloids,a-solanine and a-chaconine,in the Syrian golden hamster.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry,56 (18):8753-8760
202.Laterra P.Brazzalo.Seed-to-seed allelopathyic effects between two invaders of burned Pampa grasslands.Weed Res,1999,39:297-308
203.Laurila J.,Laakso L.,V(a|¨)(a|¨)n(a|¨)nen T.,Kuronen P.,Huopalahti R.and Pehu E.1999.Determination of solanidine-and tomatidine-type glycoalkaloid aglycons by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry,47 (7):2738-2742
204.Lee K.R.,Kozukue N.,Han J.S.,Park J.H.,Chang E.Y.,Baek E.J.,Chang J.S.and Friedman M.2004.Glycoalkaloids and metabolites inhibit the growth of human colon (ht29) and liver (hepg2) cancer cells.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry,52:2832-2839
205.Li S.Y.,He D.J.,Zhang X.,Ni W.H.,Zhou Y.F.and Zhang L.P.2007.Modification of sugar chains in glycoalkaloids and variation of anticancer activity.Chemical Research in Chinese Universities,23 (3):303-309
206.L(?)kra S.,Helland M.H.,Claussenand I.C,Strastkvern K.Q.and Egelandsdal B.2008.Chemical characterization and functional properties of a potato protein concentrate prepared by large-scale expanded bed adsorption chromatography.LWT - Food Science and Technology,41 (6 ):1089-1099
207.Lüning H.U.,Waiyaki B.G and Schl(o|¨)sser E.2008.Role of saponins in antifungal resistance.Journal of Phytopathology,92 (4):338-345
208.Machado R.M.D.,Toledo M.C.F.and Garcia L.C.2007.Effect of light and temperature on the formation of glycoalkaloids in potato tubers.Food Control,18 (5):503-508
209.Manka M.and Fruzynska J.D.1996.Biocontrol of greenhouse carnation Fusarium wilt with saprophytic forest soil fungi.Folia Horticulturae,8 (1):93-105
210.McCue K.F.,Allen P.V.,Shepherd L.V.T.,Blake A.,Maccree M.M.,Rockhold D.R.,Novy R.G,Stewart D.,Davies H.V.and Belknap W.R.2007.Potato glycosterol rhamnosyltransferase,the terminal step in triose side-chain biosynthesis.Phytochemistry,68 (3 ):327-334
211.Morillo M.,Lequart V.,Grand E.,Goethals G,Usubillaga A.,Villa P.and Martin P.2001.Synthesis of pamacetylated chacotriose.Carbohydrate research,334:281-287
212.Morrissey J.P.and Osbourn A.E.1999.Fungal resistance to plant antibiotics as a mechanism of pathogenesis.Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews,63:708 - 724
213.Mulinacci N.,Ieri F.,Giaccherini C,Innocenti M,Andrenelli L,Canova G,Saracchi M and Casiraghi M C.2008.Effect of cooking on the anthocyanins,phenolic acids,glycoalkaloids,and resistant starch content in two pigmented cultivars of Solarium tuberosum L.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry,56 (24):11830-11837
214.Niemeyer H.M.and Perez F.J.1995.Potential of hydroxamic acids in the control of cereal pests,diseases,and weed.ACS symposium series.American Chemical Society,582:260-270
215.Norma F.H.,Luz Mar(?)a R.V.and Daniel G M.2008.Computational note on the calculation of the dipole moment,polarizability and hyperpolarizability of solanidine.Journal of Molecular Structure:Theochem,849 (30):122-123
216.Pandey DK,Kauraw LP,Bhan VM.Inhibition effect of parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus L.) resiudue on growth of water hyacinth.I .Effect of leaf resiudue.J Chem Ecol,1993,19 (11):2651-2662
217.Pankhurst C.E.,MeDonald H.J.,Hawke B.G and Kirkby C.A.2002.Effcet of tillage and stubble management on chemical and microbiological properties and the development of suppression towards cereal root disease in soil from two sites in NSW,Australia.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,34:833-840
218.Peksa A.,Golubowska G,Aniotowski K.,Lisinska G and Rytel E.2006.Changes of glycoalkaloids and nitrate contents in potatoes during chip processing.Food Chemistry,97 (1):151 -156
219.Peng H.X.,Sivasithamparam K.and Turner D.W.1999.Chlamydospore germination and Fusarium wilt of banana plantlets in suppressive and conducive soils are affected by physical and chemical factors.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,31:1363-1374
220.Pesewua G A.,Cutlera R.R.and Humbera D.P.2008.Antibacterial activity of plants used in traditional medicines of Ghana with particular reference to MRSA.Journal of Ethnopharmacology,116 (1):102-111
221.Pingulkar K.,Kamat A.and Bongirwar D.2001.Microbiological quality of fresh leafy vegetables,salad component sand ready-to-eat salads:an evidence of inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes in tomatoes.International journal of food sciences and nutrition,52:15-23
222.Postma J.,Geraats B.P.J.,Pastoor R.and van Elsas J.D.2005.Characterization of the microbial community involved in the suppression of Pythium aphanidermatum in cucumber grown on rockwool.Phytopathology,95:808-818
223.Postma J.,Willemsen-de K.M.,and van Elsas J.D.2000.Effect of the indigenous microflora on the development of root and crown rot caused by Pythium aphanidermatum in cucumber grown on rockwool.Phytopathology,90:125-133
224.Prokoshev S.M.,Petrochenko E.I.and Baranova V.Z.1952.Inheritance of glycoalkaloids by interspecific hybrids of the potato [in Russian].Doklady Akademii Nauk,83:457-460
225.Putalun W.,Tanaka H.and Ikenaka T.2001.Distribution of solasodine glycosides in Solanum khasianum fruiting stage determined by ELISA and western blotting.Natural medicines,55 (5):243-246
226.Rajananthanan P.and Attard G S.1999.Novel aggregate structure adjuvants modulate lymphocyte proliferation and Th1 and Th2 cytokine profiles in ovalbumin immunized mice.Vaccinem,18:140-152
227.Rice.Allelopathy (2nded) .Academic Press Inc.1984,1-5;309-315
228.Ripperger H.1995.Steroid alkaloid glycosides from Solanum robustum.Pytochemistry,39 (6):1475-1477
229.Roddick J.G 1975.Effect of a-tomatine on permeability of plants toraget issues.Environmental and experimental botany,26:221 -227
230.Roddick J.G 1989.The acetylcholinesterase:Inhibitory activity of steroidal glycoalkaloids and their aglycons.Phytochemistry,28:2631 -2634
231.Roshchina V V,Roshchina V D.1993.The Excretory Function of Higher Plant,New York:Springeriing,213-215
232.Saito K.,Horie M.,Hoshino Y,Nose N.and Nakazawa H.1990.High performance liquid chromatographic determination of glycoalkaloids in potato products.Journal of Chromalogruphy,508:141-143
233.Schuerger A.C.1994.Biocompatibility of wheat and tomato in a dual culture hydropoine system. Hortscience,29:1164-1165
234.Shelton A.L.2000.Variable chemical defenses in plants and their effects on herbivore behavior.Evolutionary Ecology Research,2:231 -249
235.Sinden S.L.,Sanford L.L.and Osman S.F.1980.Glycoalkaloids and resistance to the Colorado potato beetle in Solanum chacoense bitter.American potato journal,57:329-331
236.Smalla K.,Wieland G,Buehner A.,Zoek A.,Parzy J.,Kaiser S.,Roskot N.,Heuer H.and Berg G.2001.Bulk and rhizosPhere soil baeterial communities studied by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis:Plant-dependent enriehment and seasonal shifts revealed.Applied and Environmental Microbiology,67:4742-4751
237.Son Y.O.,Kim J.,Lim J.C,Chung Y,Chung G H.and Lee J.C.2003.Ripe fruits of Solomon nigrium L.inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis MCF-7 cells.Food and Chemical Toxicology,41:1421-1428
238.Sotelo A.and Serrano B.2000.HPLC determination of the glycoalkaloids solanine and chaconine in 12 commercial varieties of Mexican potato.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry,48 (6):2472-2475
239.Surak J.G and Schifanella A.V.1979.The toxicity of R-tomatine to Tetrahymena pyriformis.Food and cosmetics toxicology,17:61 -67
240.Tang C S.and Young C.C.1982.Collection and identification of allelopathic compounds from the undisturved root system of bigalta limograss.Journal of plant physiology,69:155-160
241.Tang C.S.,Cai W.F.,Kohl K.and Nishimoto R.K.1995.Plant stress and allelopathy.ACS symposium series.American Chemical Society,582:142-147
242.Thome H.V.,Clarke G F.and Skuce R.1985.The inactivation of herpes simplex virus by some Solanaceae glycoalkaloids.Antiviral Research,5:335-343
243.Tibbitts T.W.,Cao W.and Wheeler R.M.1994.rowth of potato for celss,NASA center,180-183
244.Tsutomu O.2001.Oxidation of phenolic acid derivatives by soil and its relevance to allelopathic activity.Journal of Environmental Quality,30 (5):1631-1635
245.Tukalo E.A.and Okorokov A.N.1980.Determination of blood serum cholesterol esters with the use of tomatine in chronic liver diseases.Laboratornoe delo,5:295-297
246.Tukr M A.Tawaha A M.AlleloPathic effect of black mustard (Brassicanigra L.) on germination and growth of wild oat (Avena fatua L.) .Crop Protection,2003,22:673-677
247.Udalova Z.V.,Zinoveva S.V.,Vasieva I.S.,and Paseshnichenko V.A.2004.Correlation between the structure of plant steroids and their effects on phytoparasitic nematodes.Applied biochemistry and microbiology,40:93-97
248.Waller G R,Cheng C.S,Chou C.H,Kim D.,Yang C.F.,Huang S.C.and Lin Y.F.1995.Allelopathic activity of naturally occurring compounds from mung beans (Vigna radiata) and surrounding soil.ACS symposium series.American Chemical Society,582:242-259
249.Waller G R,Kumari D.and Friendman N.1986.Caffeine autotoxicity in coffea arabical.Science of Allelopathy (Ed by Putnam AR,Tang CS,John Wiley&Sons) ,New York,243-265
250.Weissenberg M.2001.Isolation of solasodine and other steroidal alkaloids and sapogenins by direct hydrolysis-extraction of Solarium plants or glycosides therefrom.Phytochemistry,58:501-508
251.Weissenberg M.,Levy A.,James A.and Ishaaya I.1998.The effect of some solanum steroidal alkaloids and glycoalkaloids on larvae of the red flour beetle,tribolium castaneum,and the tobacco homworm,manducas exta.Phytochemistry,47 (2):203-209
252.Wen C.Y,Hao W,Zhao S.X.and Che C T.2001.Steroidal glycoside and glycoalkaloid from Solarium lyratum.Biochemical Systematics and Ecology,29:421-423
253.Wiliem W.A.and Alink G M.1986.Toxic effect of the glycoalkaloids solanine and tomatine on cultured rat heart cells.Toxicology Letters,6:29-42
254.Wu L,Guo X.1998.Allelopathic effects of phenolic acids detected in buffalograss (Buchloe dactyloides) clippings on growth of annual bluegrass (Poa annua) and buffalograss seedlings.Environ Expert Botany,39:159-167
2.柴墙.2003.化感物质对间作复合群体微生物及土壤酶的影响研究.甘肃农业大学博士论文:95-96
3.陈建勋,王晓峰.2006.植物生理学实验指导(第二版),广州:华南理工大学出版社,28-31,57-58
4.陈捷.1994.植物病理生理学.沈阳:辽宁科学技术出版社,66-74
5.陈军,蔡宝昌,沈春云,胡巍.2007.马钱子总生物碱的含量测定.中药新药与临床药理,18(6):468-471
6.陈汝盛,厉将斌,郭晓健,张志宏,郭应禄,陈晓光.2004.猪苓龙葵水提物的抗肿瘤药效.中国中药杂志,29(51):481-482
7.董金皋,樊慕贞,韩建民,刘书华,曹丽慧.1999.芸苔链格孢毒素对白菜细胞膜透性、SOD酶和POD酶活性的影响.植物病理学报,29(2):138-141
8.段光明,冯彩萍.1992.马铃薯糖苷生物碱.植物生理学通讯,28(6):457-461
9.段光明,冯育林,叶荩.1995.马铃薯糖苷生物碱的薄层层析及扫描测定.生物化学杂志,11(3):368-369
10.段光明,周晓梅.1994.马铃薯糖苷生物碱对人血胆碱酯酶的抑制.生物化学杂志,10(5):575-578.
11.段光明,宗会.1993.不同溶剂系统对马铃薯糖苷生物碱的提取效果.植物生理学通讯,29(5):368-370
12.段江燕,冯军军,武志洋,袁丽环,张金红.2005.番茄碱对环核苷酸磷酸二酯酶活性的影响.植物保护学报,32(3):335-336
13.段江燕,张金红.2004.番茄碱对人红细胞膜Na-K-ATPase的影响.西北植物学报,24(8):1424-1426
14.段江燕.2006.番茄碱对棉铃虫的毒性作用机理初探.西北植物学报,26(1):117-120
15.段学武,庞学群,张昭其,季作梁.2002.冷激处理对香蕉高温下生理变化的影响.热带作物学报,23(2):31-35.
16.段志芳,黄丽华.2008.少花龙葵化学成分预试及抑制亚硝化反应研究.时针国医国药,19(8):1192-1194
17.樊绍钵,邓明鲁,段维和,张丰熙.1995.吉林药材图志(续集).北京:中医古籍出版社,95-96
18.冯红贤,杨逞,李欣允,王明祖.2004.蔬菜连作对土壤生物化学性质的影响.长江蔬菜,(11):40-43
19.高洪敏,宁家林,于兵,陈捷.2000.玉米茎腐病菌毒素的致病机制(Ⅰ).辽宁农业科学,(6):6-9
20.高俊凤.2006.植物生理学实验指导,北京:高等教育出版社,214
21.高世勇,邹翔,汲晨锋,王宏亮.2007.龙葵碱诱导HepG2细胞凋亡的观察.哈尔滨商业大学学报(自然科学版),23(6):644-650
22.高世勇,邹翔,王宏亮,季宇彬.2007.龙葵碱对HePG2细胞内[Ca~(2+)]i的影响.哈尔滨商业大学学报(自然科学版),23(5):514-516,519
23.耿广东,程智慧,孟焕文.2005.西瓜化感作用及其机理研究.果树学报,22(3):247-251.
24.顾美英,徐万里,茆军,梁智,张志东,房世杰.2009.连作对新疆绿洲棉田土壤微生物数量及酶活性的影响.干旱地区农业研究,27(1):1-5
25.郭荣君,刘杏忠,杨怀文.1998.大豆根际细菌Ⅰ拮抗大豆根腐病菌研究.大豆科学,17(1):53-58
26.郭孝武.1996.超声波提取法提取益母草中的总生物,声学技术,15(4):195-197
27.韩庆华,马永清.1994.小麦秸秆中生化他感化合物的研究概况.生态农业研究,2(4):71-76
28.郝建军,刘延吉.2001.植物生理学实验技术,沈阳:辽宁科学技术出版社,175-180,162-166,100
29.何华勤,林文雄.水稻化感作用生理生化特性研究.中国生态农业学报,2001,9(3):56-57.
30.何军,祝林,奉建芳.2003.附子总生物碱含量测定方法比较.现代中药研究与实践,17(6):20-22
31.何梅,夏之宁,郭宝元,王力.2002.分离技术中超声波的应用现状.化学通报,65(3):1-4
32.胡景江,朱玮,文建雷.1999.杨树细胞壁HRGP和木质素的诱导积累与其对溃疡病抗性的关系.植物病理学报,29(2):151-156.
33.黄新培.1986.植物源信息素的研究.世界农业,(6):27-29
34.霍权恭,朱之光,周展明,方云,李辉.1996.马铃薯中配糖生物碱总量测定方法研究.分析试验室,15(6):39-41
35.霍星华,赵宝玉,王建军,万学攀,龙安丽.2008.镰形棘豆化学成分预试及生物碱成分薄层色谱分析.西北农业学报,17(2):24-28,32
36.季宇彬,高世勇.2008.龙葵碱诱导HepG2细胞凋亡的线粒体通路研究.中国药学杂志,43(4):272-275
37.季宇彬,王宏亮,高世勇.龙葵碱对荷瘤小鼠肿瘤细胞DNA和RNA的影响.中草药,2005,36 (8):1200-1202.
38.季宇彬,徐丽丽,高世勇.2008.龙葵碱对HepG2细胞磷脂酰丝氨酸及断裂DNA研究.哈尔滨商业大学学报(自然科学版),24(3):268-273
39.蒋红云,张燕宁,冯平章,张恒.石蒜对萝卜、黄瓜、番茄和油菜幼苗的化感效应.应用生态学报,2006,17(9):1655-1659
40.蒋新宇,杨辉,赵宇.2006.龙葵中甾体类生物总碱的含量测定.食品科学,27(8):224-227
41.靳利娥,闫果兰,谢鲜梅,常丽萍.2007.茄秆中生物总碱提取条件的研究.生物质化学工程,41(5):42-44
42.孔垂华,胡飞.2001.植物化感(相生相克)作用及其应用.北京:中国农业出版社,8-16,94-115,126-191,227-264
43.孔垂华,徐涛,胡飞.1998.胜红蓟化感作用研究Ⅱ.主要化感物质的释放途径和活性.应用生态学报,9(3):257-260
44.来爱萍,张启嫒,姚永祥,王护民.2002.植物灭螺剂黄果茄原粉LD50的测定.中国血吸虫病防治杂志,14(4):251-252
45.黎开强,吴卫,郑有良,代勇,牟兰,廖凯.2008.温度对川贝母生理指标、鳞茎产量及总生物碱含量的影响.中国中药杂志,33(16):1948-1951
46.李丹,王平全,张楠森.1996.龙葵碱类生物碱的研究进展及临床应用.中草药,27(5):308-310
47.李明慧,孙世顷,曹亮,刘世聪,丁岗,刘景晶.2008.龙葵甾体类生物碱对S_(180)及Lewis肺癌移植瘤小鼠的影响.中国天然药物,6(3):223-226
48.李绍文.2001.生态生物化学.北京:北京大学出版社,94-247
49.李盛钰,赵雪淞,何大俊,周义发.2007.茄科植物糖苷生物碱的药物活性研究进展.中草药,38(1):147-150
50.李文新,黄雪英,祁超,刘实,Kodama O.,Utaka K.2007.黄果茄果实杀螺成分的分离和结构解析.农药,46(9):591-593
51.李晓晔,柳巍,吴红,许兵,宋振顺,许自超.2000.高压液相色谱法测定兔缺血再灌注肝ATP 含量.现代科学仪器,(2):28-29
52.李兴,何凤发,张建佳.2009.地不容总生物碱提取工艺研究.西南大学学报(自然科学版),31(1):127-131
53.李洲,程溪,王春静,李桂玲,夏淑贞,魏凤华.2005.黄果茄杀灭钉螺有效成分的分离提纯及其效果观察.中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志,23(4):206-208
54.梁丹,李志伟,李明,张建夫.2007.天然生物碱的研究与应用.安徽农业科学,35(35): 11340-11342
55.梁生旺.1998.薄层扫描法测定龙葵中澳洲茄胺的含量.中国药学杂志,32(8):494-495
56.林文雄,何华勤,郭玉春等.水稻化感作用及其生理生化特性的研究,应用生态学报,2001,12(6):871-875.
57.刘春安,彭明.1994.抗癌中药大辞典.武汉:湖北科学技术出版社,294-297
58.刘洪升,宋秋华,李凤民.2002.根分泌物对根际矿物营养及根际微生物的效应.西北植物学报,22(3):693-702
59.刘会梅,张天宇.2008.土壤真菌研究进展.山东农业大学学报(自然科学版),39(2):326-330
60.刘建新,胡浩斌,赵国林.多裂骆驼蓬的生物碱对黄瓜种子萌发的影响.植物生理学通讯,2007,43(2):250-254
61.刘覃,陈晓青,蒋新宇,吴升德.2005.微波辅助提取龙葵中总生物碱的研究.天然产物研究与开发,17(1):65-69
62.卢旭.2007.生物碱提取技术研究及进展.天津化工,21(3):4-6
63.鲁长虎.2005.果实(种子)化学防御与食果实动物的适应对策.生态学杂志,24(5):567-572
64.马永清,韩庆华.1993.不同玉米品种对麦秸覆盖引起的生化他感作用的差异性分析.生态农业研究,1(4):65-69
65.马永清,毛仁钊,刘孟雨,刘小京,张玉铭.1993.小麦秸秆的生化他感效应.生态学杂志,12(5):36-38
66.马云华,王秀峰,魏珉,亓延凤,李天来.2005.黄瓜连作土壤酚酸类物质积累对土壤微生物和酶活性的影响.应用生态学报,16(11):2149-2153
67.饶雪琴,李人柯.1999.苦瓜枯萎病菌滤液鉴定苗期抗病性的初步探讨.江西农业大学学报,21(3):367-369.
68.上海植物生理研究所细胞生理室.1976.分离植物原生质体的纤维素酶的制备及性质.生物化学与生物物理学报,8(4):341-349
69.申卫收,林先贵,张华勇,尹睿,段增强,施卫明.2008.不同栽培条件下蔬菜塑料大棚土壤氮磷生物转化特征.农业工程学报,24(2):199-203
70.宋亮,潘开文,王进闯,马玉红.酚酸类物质对苜蓿种子萌发及抗氧化物酶活性的影响.生态学报,2006,26(20):3393-3403
71.孙广宇,宗兆锋.2002.植物病理学实验技术,北京:中国农业出版社,112-115
72.唐咏,梁成华,刘志恒,须湘成.1999.日光温室蔬菜栽培对土壤微生物和酶活性的影响.沈阳农业大学学报(自然科学版),30(1):16-19
73.唐裕芳,张妙玲,刘忠义,邓孝平.2004.荷叶生物碱的提取及其抑菌活性研究.广州食品工业科技,20(2):51-52
74.陶永霞,刘洪海,王忠民,于志涛,李岷.2006.番茄碱的研究现状及应用前景.现代食品科技,22(2):253-256
75.陶永霞,刘洪海,王忠民,黄静,张海燕.2006,番茄生物碱粗提物抑菌作用的研究.天然产物研究与开发,18:438-440.
76.汪云松,李祖强,杨靖华.1998.刺天茄化学成分研究.云南大学学报(然科学版),20:396-398
77.汪鋆植,叶红.1999.茄子根总生物碱活血止痛作用的是研究.中国中医药科技,6(6):381-382
78.王大力.1998.水稻化感作用研究综述.生态学报,18(3):326-334
79.王德强.2008.石蒜中生物碱的提取条件优化.食品与生物技术学报,6(27):53-56
80.王伏林,吴关庭,郎春秀,陈锦清.2006.植物中的乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(AACase).植物生理学通讯,42(1):10-14
81.王理达,胡迎庆.2001.13种生药提取物及化学成分的抗真菌活性筛选.中草药,32(3):241-244
82.王璞,赵秀琴.几种化感物质对棉花种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响.中国农业大学学报,2001,6(3):26-31
83.王如平,石雪萍,张卫明,张宇思.2008.花椒总生物碱提取条件研究.食品科学,29(10):273-276
84.王守兰,朱佳.1996.高效液相色谱法测定马铃薯中α-茄碱含量.食品科学,6:60-61
85.王彦章,卞生珍.2000.番茄成熟过程中番茄碱含量的变化及其抑菌作用.新疆农业大学学报,23(2):35-37
86.王张杰.2008.黄果茄中生物碱的提取分离、结构剖析及生物活性研究.华中师范大学硕士学位论文:33-44
87.卫扬斗,朱振东,周茂繁.1990.生物碱的抑菌特性与黄连白绢病菌致病性关系的研究,植物病理学报,20(4):297-302
88.魏风华,徐兴建,刘建兵,戴裕海,杨先祥,李文新,赵利琴,盛桂莲.2000.黄果茄植物灭螺成份的提取及灭螺效果研究.中国人兽共患病杂志,16(6):58-60
89.沃勒,诺瓦茨基.1984.生物碱的生物学及其在植物中的代谢作用.北京:科学出版社,127-132
90.吴凤芝,黄彩红,赵凤艳.酚酸类物质对黄瓜幼苗生长及保护酶活性的影响.中国农业科学,2002,35(7):821-825
91.吴凤芝,潘凯,马凤鸣,王学东.苯丙烯酸对黄瓜幼苗光合作用和细胞超微结构的影响.园艺学报,2004,31(2):183-188
92.谢纲,李冲.2006.茄属植物化学成分和生物活性.国外医药(植物药分册),21(2):63-65
93.谢启梅.1995.龙葵在肿瘤治疗中的运用.江西中医药,27(2):116-117
94.徐美娟,管致和.1994.番茄植株中生物碱类对菜青虫(Pieris rapae L.)活性组分的分离及提纯.北京农业大学学报,20(4):153-156
95.许勇,朱其杰,陈晓莉.1993.镰刀菌酸对黄瓜不同品种的致萎力与枯萎病菌致病力的相关性.中国蔬菜,(1):19-20
96.许勇华,饶琼,王沫.2007.杀虫生物碱研究概述.农药研究与应用,11(5):12-16
97.颜启传.2001.种子检验原理和技术.杭州:浙江大学出版社,2,66,102
98.颜秋生,殳邦英,黄世英.1978.植物细胞壁降解酶的制备.遗传与育种,(6):28-29
99.杨辉,陈晓青,赵宇,薛小娟.2006.龙葵甾体类生物碱的表征及其在该植物体内的形成、变化.精细化工,23(04):258-361
100.杨满业,贺新生,林明.1995.黄果茄生物碱的初步研究.绵阳农专学报,12(4):9-12
101.杨文宇,万德光.2008.桑树总生物碱分析方法与提取方法的探讨.时针国医国药,19(5):1043-1045
102.杨秀伟.2004.生物碱.北京:化学工业出版社,393
103.姚新生.1994.天然药物化学.北京:人民卫生出版社,3-48
104.余永婷.2008.超声波提取苦豆子生物碱的工艺研究.中国食品添加剂,(3):69-72
105.张成义,李霜,陈曦,王春梅.2002.龙葵总生物碱抗喘作用机制的实验研究.中国医学理论与实践基础,(4):488-489
106.张继,马君义,姚建,杨永利,黄爱仑,姬小花.2003.黑沙蒿资源的综合开发利用研究.中国野生植物资源,22(1):27-29
107.张金红,张国环.1995.番茄碱对人红细胞ca~(2+)-Mg~(2+)ATPase活性影响的研究.南开大学学报(自然科学),28(3):107-109
108.张薇,文雄,潘双银,熊兴耀.2008.微波辅助提取马铃薯龙葵素.园艺学报,35(9):1393-1396
109.张薇,熊兴耀,李霞.2006.马铃薯中龙葵素的提取方法.湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版),32(6):665-667
110.张宇.2003.珍蔬-茄子.上海蔬菜,(2):43-44
111.张志良,瞿伟菁.2003.植物生理学实验指导(第3版).北京:高等教育出版社,135-137,274-277
112.赵骥民.2006.茄科植物糖苷生物碱Chaconine,Solanine和Tomatine抗真菌的防御作用及生态意义.东北师范大学博士学位论文:2
113.赵声兰,陈朝银,段家贵.仙人掌提取物的抑菌作用研究.食品工业科技,2003,24(5):40-43.
114.赵雪淞,孙芳,郭永键,周义发.2007.糖苷生物碱化学生态学研究进展.生态学杂志,26(6):948-953
115.赵雪淞.2006.龙葵糖苷生物碱Solamargme和Solasonine的提取分离及其抗真菌作用研究.东北师范大学硕士学位论文:1-2
116.钟惠民,袁瑾,张书圣.2002.野生植物刺天茄和鸡蛋参的营养成分分析.云南大学学报(自然科学版),24(6):457-458
117.周琴音.2007.龙葵总生物碱提取方法的考察.当代医学(学术版),(10):136-138
118.周吴萍,韦媛嫒,李军生,阎柳娟,赖雪芬.2008.广西一点红总生物碱的提取和抗菌活性研究.时针国医国药,19(8):1835-1837
119.朱卫丰,廖梅香.2008.异甾体类生物碱的研究进展.亚太传统医药,4(1):40-43
120.Ahmed K.M.1996.Constituents of the some Solanum melongena varieties.Egyptian Journal of Pharmarmaceutieal Sciences,37:37-44
121.Alison M.F.,James G.Roddick.1993.Interactive antifungal activity of the glycoalkaloid solanine and chaconine.Phytochemistry,33(2):323-328
122.Alison M.F.,James G.,Roddick and Weissenberg,M.1994.Interactions between the glycoalkaloids solasonine and solamargine in relation to inhibition of fungal growth.Phytochemistry,37(7):1007-1011
123.Alison M.Fewell and James G.Roddick.1993,Interactive antifungal activity of the glycoalkaloid solanine and chaconine.Phytochemistry,33(2):323-328.
124.Alison M.Fewell,James G.Roddick and Martin Weissenberg.1994,Interactions between the glycoalkaloids solasonine and solamargine in relation to inhibition of fungal growth.Phytochcmistry,37(7):1007-1011.
125.Allen,E.H.and K(?)c J.1968.α-Solanine and α-chaconine as fungitoxic compounds in extracts of Irish potato tubers.Phytopathology,58:776-781
126.Alphonse W.W.,Sumesh C.,Gerald M.,Wilson N.and Paul K.T.2003.Molluscicidal and antimicrobial activity of Solanum aculcastrum.Fitoterapia,74(3):298-301
127.Alzerreca A.and Hart G.1982.Molluscicidal steroid glycoalkaloids possession stereoisomeric spirosolane structures.Toxicology Letters,12:151-155
128.Andrivon D.,Corbi(?)re R.,Lucas J.M.,Pasco C.,Gravoucille J.M.,Pell(?) R.,Dantcc J.P.and Elliss(?)chc D.2003.Resistance to late blight and soft rot in six potato progenies and glycoalkaloid contents in the tubers.American Journal of Potato Research,80(2):125-134
129.Balashova I.T.,Verderevskaya T.D.and Kintya,P.K.1984.Antiviral activity of steroid glycosides on a model of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) .Sel'skokhozyaistvennaya Biologiya,5:83-86
130.Barbour J.D.and Kennedy G G 1991.Role of steroidal glycolalkaloid ct-tomatine in host-plant resistance of tomato to Colorado potato beetle.Journal of Chemical Ecology,17:989-1005
131.Baybum J.R.,Bantle J.A.and Friedman M.1994.Role of carbohydrate side chains of potato glycoalkaloids in developmental toxicity.Journal of Agricultural and Food Chem istry,42:1511 - 1515
132.Bazivamakenga,R R,Leroux,G D and Simard,R R.Effects of benzonic and cinnamic on membrane permeability of soybean roots.Journal of Chemical Ecology,1995,21:1271-1285
133.Blumer A.and Watt S.M.1984.Homeostasis of mucosal cholesterol in the small intestine of the rat.Lipids,19:721-727
134.Bradow JM,Connick WJ.1990.Volatile seed germination inhibitors from plant residues.J.Chem.Ecol,16 (5):645-666
135.Bulluck III H L.R and Ristaino J.B.2002.Effect of synthetic and organic soil fertility amendments on southern blight,soil microbial communities and yield of processing tomatoes.Phytopathology,92:181-189
136.Bushway R.J.,Barden E.S.and Bushway A W.1979.High-performance liquid chromatographic separation of potato glycoalkaloids.Journal of chromatography,178 (2):533-539
137.Bushway R.J.,Barden E.S.and Wilson A.M.1980b.Analysis of potato glycoalkaloids by high-performance liquid chromatography.Journal of food science,45:1088-1089
138.Bushway R.J.,Bureau J.L.and King J.1986.Modification of the rapid high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of potato glycoalkaloids.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry,34:277-279
139.Calam D.H.and Callow R.K.1964.Histamine protection produced by plant tumour extracts.The active principle of tomato plants infected with grown-gall.British journal of pharmacology,22:486-498
140.Carman A.S.,Kuan S.S.,Francis O.J.and Kirschenheuter G P.1986.Rapid HPLC determination of the potato glycoalkaloid alpha-solanine and alpha-chaconine.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry,34:279-282
141.Cham B.E.1994.Solasodine glycosides as anti-cancer agents:preclinical and clinical studies.Asia Pacific Journal of Pharmacology,9:113-118
142.Christopher A.,Hobby H.T.and Cipollini M.2006.Efficacy and Mechanisms of a-Solasonine and a-Solamargine-Induced Cytolysis on Two Strains of Trypanosoma cruzi.Journal of Chemical Ecology,32:2405-2416
143.Csiky L.and Hansson L.1986.High performance liquid affinity chromatography (HPLAC) of sterols with tomatine chemically bonded to microparticulate silica.Journal of liquid chromatography,9:876-886
144.Dao L and Friedman M.1996.Comparison of glycoalkaloid content of fresh and freeze-dried potato leaves determined by HPLC and colormetry.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry,44 (8):2287-2291
145.Dao L.and Friedman M.1994.Chlorophll,chlorogenic acid,glycoalkaloid,and protease inhibitor content of fresh and green potatoes.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry,42:633-639
146.Dinkins C.L.,Peterson R.K.D.,Gibson J.E.,Hu Q.and Weaver D.2008.Glycoalkaloid responses of potato to Colorado potato beetle defoliation.Food and Chemical Toxicology,46 (8 ):2832-2836
147.Djurdjevie L,Dinic A,Pavlovic P,Mitrovic M,Karadzic B,Tesevic V.Allelopathic potential of Alliumursinum L.Biochemical Systematics and Ecology,2004,32:533-544.
148.Ebadi M.2007.Pharmacodynamic Basis of Herbal Medicine,Second Edition.US:CRC Press,309
149.Edwards E.J.and Cobb A.H.1996.Improved high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the analysis of potato (Solarium tuberosum)Glycoalkaloids.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry,44:2705-2709
150.Edwards E.J.and Cobb A.H.1997.Effect of temperature on glycoalkaloid and chlorophyll accumulation in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.Cv.King Edward) stored at low photon flux density,including preliminary modeling using an artificial neural network.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry,45 (4):1032-1038
151.Ehmke A.,Ohmstede E.and Eilert U.1995.Steroidal glycoalkaloids in cell and shoot teratoma cultures of Solanum dulcamara.Plant Cell,Tissue and Organ Culture,45:191 -197
152.Elmore C.D.1980.Free amino acid from Abutilon theophrastii seed.Weed Reserch,20:61-63
153.Esteves A.,Sarmento T.M.,and Alves C.C.F.2002.Cytotoxic activities against Ehrlich carcinoma and human K562 leukemia of alkaloids and flavonoid from two Solanum species.Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society,13:838-842
154.Fewell A.M.and Roddick J.G.1993.Interactive antifungal activity of the glycoalkaloid solanine and chaconine.Phytochemistry,33 (2):323 - 328
155.Filadelfi M.A.and Zitnak A.1983.A simple TLC standard for the identification of potato glycoalkaloids.Canadian Institute of Food Science and Technology Journal,16:151-153
156.Filderman R.B.and Kovacs B.A.1969.Antiinflammatory activity of the steroid alkaloid glycoside,tomatine.British journal of pharmacology,37:748-755
157.Friedman M.2006.Potato Glycoalkaloids and metabolites:roles in the plant and in the diet.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry,54(23):8655-8681
158.Friedman M.and Lan D.1992.Distribution of glycoalkaloids in potato plant and commercial potato products.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry,40:419-423
159.Friedman M.and Levin C.E.1995.α-Tomatine content in tomato and tomato products determined by HPLC with pulsed amperometric detection.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry,43:1507-1511
160.Friedman M.and Levin C.E.1998.Dehydrotomatine content in tomatoes.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry,46:4571-4576
161.Friedman M.,Fitch T.E.and Vokoyama W.E.2003.Lowering of plasma LDL cholesterol in hamsters by the tomato glycoalkaloid Tomatine.Food Chemical Toxicology,38:549-553
162.Friedman M.,Fitch T.E.,Levin C.E.2000.Feeding tomatoes to hamsters reduces their plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides.Journal of food science,65:897-900
163.Friedman M.,Levin C.E and McDonald G.M.1994.α-Tomatine determination in tomatoes by HPLC using pulsed amperometrie detection.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry,42:1959-1964
164.Fukuhara K.and Kubo L.1991.Isolation of steroidal glyeoalkaloids from Solarium ineanum by two countereurrent chromatographic methods.Phytochemistry,30:685-687
165.Fukuhara K.,Shimizu K.and Kubo L.2004.Arudonine,an allelopathic steroidal glycoalkaloid from the root bark of Solanum arundo Mattei.Phytoehemistry,65:1283-1286
166.Gao S.Y.,Wang Q.J.and Ji YB.2006.Effect of solanine on the membrane potential of mitochondria in HepG_2 cells and[Ca~(2+)]i in the cells.World journal of gastroenterology,12(21):3359-3367
167.Gatti R.,Gioia M.G.and Cavrini V.2004.Determination of Cinchona alkaloids and Vitamin B6 by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection.Analytica Chimica Acta,,512:85-91.
168.Goodwin T.W.1988.植物生物化学导论(汪沛洪译).杨陵:天则出版社,451-550
169.Gubarev M.I.,Enioutina E.Y.,Taylor J.L.,Visic D.M.and Daynes R.A.1998.Plant-derived glycoalkaloids protect mice against lethal infection with Salmonella typhimurium.Phytotherapy Research,12(2):79-88
170.Gy(o|¨)rgy Z.,Tolonen A.,Pakonen M,Neubauer P.and Hohtola A.2004.Enhancing the production of cinnamyl glycosides in compact callus aggregate cultures of Rhodiola rosea by biotransformation of cinnamyl alcohol.Plant Science,166 (1):229-236
171.Hammerschmidt R.1982.Association of enhanced perocidase activity with induced systemic resistance of cucumber to collectotrichum lagenarium.Physiological plant pathology,20:73-82
172.Heal K.G,Sheikh N.A.,Hollingdale M.R.,Morrow W.W.and Taylor-Robinson A.W.2001.Potentiation by a novel alkaloid glycoside adjuvant of a protrctive cytotoxic T cell immune response specific for a preerythroytic malaria vaccine candidate antigen.Vaccine,19:4153-4161
173.Hellenas K.1986.A simplified procedure for the quantification of potato glycoalkaloids in tuber extracts by HPLC;comparison with ELISA and a colorimetric method.Journal of the science of food and agriculture,37:776-782
174.Hiromichi Y.,Sunao K.and Tsuguo H.1998.Effects of compost application on bacterial wilt development and calcium uptake of tomato seedlings.Japanese Journal of Soil and Fertilizer,69 (1):76-78
175.H (o|¨)gy.P and Fangmeier A.2009.Atmospheric CO_2 enrichment affects potatoes:2 Tuber quality traits.European Journal of Agronomy,30 (2):85-94
176.Hopkins J.1995.The glycoalkaloids:Naturally of interest (but a hot potato?) .Food and Chemical Toxicology,33 (4):323-339
177.Hsieha C.C,Fangb H.L.and Lina W.C.2008.Inhibitory effect of solarium nigrum on thioacetamide-induced liver fibrosis in mice.Journal of Ethnopharmacology,119 (1-2):117-121
178.Hu K.,Kobyashi H.,Dong A.,Jing Y,Iwasaki S.and Yao X.1999.Antineoplastic agents Ⅲ:steroidal glycosides from Solanum nigrum.Planta medica.,65:35-38
179.Inbar E.,Green S.J.,Hadar Y.and Minz D.2005.Competing factors of compost concentration and proximity to root affect the distribution of streptomycetes.Microbial Ecology,50:73-81
180.Inderjit.1996.Plant phenolics in allelopathy.The Botanical Reriew,62 (2):186-202
181.Irving G W.,Fontaine T.D and Doolittle S.P.1945.Lycopercicon,a fungistatic substance from tomato ptant.Science,102:9-11
182.Janvier C,Villeneuve F.,Alabouvetie C,Edel-Hermann V.,Mateille T.and Steinberg C.2007.Soil health through soil disease suppression:Which indicators? Soil Biology and Biochemistry,39:1-23
183.John P.M.and Anne E.O.1999.Fungal Resistance to Plant Antibiotics as a Mechanism of pathogenesis.Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews,63:708-724.
184.Jonker H.H.,Koops A.J.and Hoogendoorn J.C.1992.A rapid method for the quantification of steroidal glycoalkaloids by reversed phase HPLC.Potato Research,35:451-455
185.Juvik J.A.and Stevens M.A.1982.Inheritance of foliar R-tomatine content in tomatoes.Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science,107:1061 -1065
186.Juvik J.A.,Stevens M.A.and Rick C.M.1982.Survy of the genus Lycopersicon for variability in R-tomatine content.Hort Science,17:764-766
187.Kabulov B.D.and Yakonov A.L.D.1999.High-performance liquid chromatography of alkaloids.Chemistry of Natural Compounds,27 (5):521-540
188.Kathiresan R.M.2000.Allelopathic potential of native plant against water hyacinth.Crop Protection,19:705-708
189.Katsifas E.A.,Koraki T.G and Karagouni A.D.2000.Determination of metabolic aetivity of streptomycetes in soil microcosms.Journal of Applied Microbiology,89:178-184
190.Keukens E.A.J.,Vrije T,Boom C,de Waard P.,Plasman H.H.,Thiel F.,Chupin V.,Jongen WM.and de Kruijff B.1995.Molecular basis of glycoalkaloid induced membrane disruption.Biochimica et BiophysicaActa-Biomembranes,1240 (2):216-228.
191.Kittipongpatana N.,Porter J.R.and Hock R.S.1999.An improve high performance liquid chromatographic method for the quantification of solasodine.Phytochemical analysis,10:26-31
192.Kodamatani H.,Saito K.,Niina N.,Yamazaki S.and TanakaY.2005.Simple and sensitive method for determination of glycoalkaloids in potato tubers by high-performance liquid chromatography with chemiluminescence detection.Journal of Chromatography A,1100 (2005):26-31
193.Kohara A.,Nakajima C,Hashimoto K.,Ikenaga T.,Tanaka H.,Shoyama Y,Yoshida S.and Muranaka T.2005.A novel glucosyltransferase involved in steroid saponin biosynthesis in Solanum aculeatissimum.Plant Molecular Biology,57:225-239
194.Konishi T.,Shinohara K.and Saski Y.1996.Acctyl-CoAcrboxylase in higher plants:most plants other than Gramineae have both the prokaryotic and the eukaryotic forms of this enzyme.Plant cell physiology,37:117-122
195.Kou W.,Kou S.H.H.,Yun P.L.2000.Anticancer activity evaluation of the Solarium glycoalkaloid Solamargine.Biochemical Pharmacology,60:1865-1873
196.Kozukue N.E.and Yamashita H.S.1994.a-Tomatine purification and quantification in tomatoes by HPLC.Journal of Food Science,59:1211-1212
197.Kozukue N.E.,Yoon K.S.,Byun G I.,Misoo S.,Levin C.E.and Friedman M.2008.Distribution of glycoalkaloids in potato tubers of 59 accessions of two wild and five cultivated solanum Species.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry,56 (24 ):11920-11928
198.Kuske C.R.,Ticknor L.O.,Miller M.E.,Dunbar J.M.,Davis J.A.,Barns S.M.and Belnap J.2002.Comparison of soil baeterial communities in rhizospheres of three plant species and the inter spaeces in an arid grassland.Applied and Environmental Microbiology,68:1854-1863
199.Kutchan T.M.1995.Alkaloid biosynthesis-the basis for metabolic engineering of medicinal plants.Plant Cell,7:1059-1070
200.Kvasnicka R,Price K.R.,Ng K.and Fenwick G R.1994.Determination of potato glycoalkaloids using isotachophoresis and comparison with a HPLC method.Journal of liquid chromatography,17:1941-1951
201.Langkilde S.,Schr(?)der M.,Stewart D.,Meyer O.,Conner S.,Davies H.and Poulsen M.2008.Acute toxicity of high doses of the glycoalkaloids,a-solanine and a-chaconine,in the Syrian golden hamster.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry,56 (18):8753-8760
202.Laterra P.Brazzalo.Seed-to-seed allelopathyic effects between two invaders of burned Pampa grasslands.Weed Res,1999,39:297-308
203.Laurila J.,Laakso L.,V(a|¨)(a|¨)n(a|¨)nen T.,Kuronen P.,Huopalahti R.and Pehu E.1999.Determination of solanidine-and tomatidine-type glycoalkaloid aglycons by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry,47 (7):2738-2742
204.Lee K.R.,Kozukue N.,Han J.S.,Park J.H.,Chang E.Y.,Baek E.J.,Chang J.S.and Friedman M.2004.Glycoalkaloids and metabolites inhibit the growth of human colon (ht29) and liver (hepg2) cancer cells.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry,52:2832-2839
205.Li S.Y.,He D.J.,Zhang X.,Ni W.H.,Zhou Y.F.and Zhang L.P.2007.Modification of sugar chains in glycoalkaloids and variation of anticancer activity.Chemical Research in Chinese Universities,23 (3):303-309
206.L(?)kra S.,Helland M.H.,Claussenand I.C,Strastkvern K.Q.and Egelandsdal B.2008.Chemical characterization and functional properties of a potato protein concentrate prepared by large-scale expanded bed adsorption chromatography.LWT - Food Science and Technology,41 (6 ):1089-1099
207.Lüning H.U.,Waiyaki B.G and Schl(o|¨)sser E.2008.Role of saponins in antifungal resistance.Journal of Phytopathology,92 (4):338-345
208.Machado R.M.D.,Toledo M.C.F.and Garcia L.C.2007.Effect of light and temperature on the formation of glycoalkaloids in potato tubers.Food Control,18 (5):503-508
209.Manka M.and Fruzynska J.D.1996.Biocontrol of greenhouse carnation Fusarium wilt with saprophytic forest soil fungi.Folia Horticulturae,8 (1):93-105
210.McCue K.F.,Allen P.V.,Shepherd L.V.T.,Blake A.,Maccree M.M.,Rockhold D.R.,Novy R.G,Stewart D.,Davies H.V.and Belknap W.R.2007.Potato glycosterol rhamnosyltransferase,the terminal step in triose side-chain biosynthesis.Phytochemistry,68 (3 ):327-334
211.Morillo M.,Lequart V.,Grand E.,Goethals G,Usubillaga A.,Villa P.and Martin P.2001.Synthesis of pamacetylated chacotriose.Carbohydrate research,334:281-287
212.Morrissey J.P.and Osbourn A.E.1999.Fungal resistance to plant antibiotics as a mechanism of pathogenesis.Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews,63:708 - 724
213.Mulinacci N.,Ieri F.,Giaccherini C,Innocenti M,Andrenelli L,Canova G,Saracchi M and Casiraghi M C.2008.Effect of cooking on the anthocyanins,phenolic acids,glycoalkaloids,and resistant starch content in two pigmented cultivars of Solarium tuberosum L.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry,56 (24):11830-11837
214.Niemeyer H.M.and Perez F.J.1995.Potential of hydroxamic acids in the control of cereal pests,diseases,and weed.ACS symposium series.American Chemical Society,582:260-270
215.Norma F.H.,Luz Mar(?)a R.V.and Daniel G M.2008.Computational note on the calculation of the dipole moment,polarizability and hyperpolarizability of solanidine.Journal of Molecular Structure:Theochem,849 (30):122-123
216.Pandey DK,Kauraw LP,Bhan VM.Inhibition effect of parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus L.) resiudue on growth of water hyacinth.I .Effect of leaf resiudue.J Chem Ecol,1993,19 (11):2651-2662
217.Pankhurst C.E.,MeDonald H.J.,Hawke B.G and Kirkby C.A.2002.Effcet of tillage and stubble management on chemical and microbiological properties and the development of suppression towards cereal root disease in soil from two sites in NSW,Australia.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,34:833-840
218.Peksa A.,Golubowska G,Aniotowski K.,Lisinska G and Rytel E.2006.Changes of glycoalkaloids and nitrate contents in potatoes during chip processing.Food Chemistry,97 (1):151 -156
219.Peng H.X.,Sivasithamparam K.and Turner D.W.1999.Chlamydospore germination and Fusarium wilt of banana plantlets in suppressive and conducive soils are affected by physical and chemical factors.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,31:1363-1374
220.Pesewua G A.,Cutlera R.R.and Humbera D.P.2008.Antibacterial activity of plants used in traditional medicines of Ghana with particular reference to MRSA.Journal of Ethnopharmacology,116 (1):102-111
221.Pingulkar K.,Kamat A.and Bongirwar D.2001.Microbiological quality of fresh leafy vegetables,salad component sand ready-to-eat salads:an evidence of inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes in tomatoes.International journal of food sciences and nutrition,52:15-23
222.Postma J.,Geraats B.P.J.,Pastoor R.and van Elsas J.D.2005.Characterization of the microbial community involved in the suppression of Pythium aphanidermatum in cucumber grown on rockwool.Phytopathology,95:808-818
223.Postma J.,Willemsen-de K.M.,and van Elsas J.D.2000.Effect of the indigenous microflora on the development of root and crown rot caused by Pythium aphanidermatum in cucumber grown on rockwool.Phytopathology,90:125-133
224.Prokoshev S.M.,Petrochenko E.I.and Baranova V.Z.1952.Inheritance of glycoalkaloids by interspecific hybrids of the potato [in Russian].Doklady Akademii Nauk,83:457-460
225.Putalun W.,Tanaka H.and Ikenaka T.2001.Distribution of solasodine glycosides in Solanum khasianum fruiting stage determined by ELISA and western blotting.Natural medicines,55 (5):243-246
226.Rajananthanan P.and Attard G S.1999.Novel aggregate structure adjuvants modulate lymphocyte proliferation and Th1 and Th2 cytokine profiles in ovalbumin immunized mice.Vaccinem,18:140-152
227.Rice.Allelopathy (2nded) .Academic Press Inc.1984,1-5;309-315
228.Ripperger H.1995.Steroid alkaloid glycosides from Solanum robustum.Pytochemistry,39 (6):1475-1477
229.Roddick J.G 1975.Effect of a-tomatine on permeability of plants toraget issues.Environmental and experimental botany,26:221 -227
230.Roddick J.G 1989.The acetylcholinesterase:Inhibitory activity of steroidal glycoalkaloids and their aglycons.Phytochemistry,28:2631 -2634
231.Roshchina V V,Roshchina V D.1993.The Excretory Function of Higher Plant,New York:Springeriing,213-215
232.Saito K.,Horie M.,Hoshino Y,Nose N.and Nakazawa H.1990.High performance liquid chromatographic determination of glycoalkaloids in potato products.Journal of Chromalogruphy,508:141-143
233.Schuerger A.C.1994.Biocompatibility of wheat and tomato in a dual culture hydropoine system. Hortscience,29:1164-1165
234.Shelton A.L.2000.Variable chemical defenses in plants and their effects on herbivore behavior.Evolutionary Ecology Research,2:231 -249
235.Sinden S.L.,Sanford L.L.and Osman S.F.1980.Glycoalkaloids and resistance to the Colorado potato beetle in Solanum chacoense bitter.American potato journal,57:329-331
236.Smalla K.,Wieland G,Buehner A.,Zoek A.,Parzy J.,Kaiser S.,Roskot N.,Heuer H.and Berg G.2001.Bulk and rhizosPhere soil baeterial communities studied by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis:Plant-dependent enriehment and seasonal shifts revealed.Applied and Environmental Microbiology,67:4742-4751
237.Son Y.O.,Kim J.,Lim J.C,Chung Y,Chung G H.and Lee J.C.2003.Ripe fruits of Solomon nigrium L.inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis MCF-7 cells.Food and Chemical Toxicology,41:1421-1428
238.Sotelo A.and Serrano B.2000.HPLC determination of the glycoalkaloids solanine and chaconine in 12 commercial varieties of Mexican potato.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry,48 (6):2472-2475
239.Surak J.G and Schifanella A.V.1979.The toxicity of R-tomatine to Tetrahymena pyriformis.Food and cosmetics toxicology,17:61 -67
240.Tang C S.and Young C.C.1982.Collection and identification of allelopathic compounds from the undisturved root system of bigalta limograss.Journal of plant physiology,69:155-160
241.Tang C.S.,Cai W.F.,Kohl K.and Nishimoto R.K.1995.Plant stress and allelopathy.ACS symposium series.American Chemical Society,582:142-147
242.Thome H.V.,Clarke G F.and Skuce R.1985.The inactivation of herpes simplex virus by some Solanaceae glycoalkaloids.Antiviral Research,5:335-343
243.Tibbitts T.W.,Cao W.and Wheeler R.M.1994.rowth of potato for celss,NASA center,180-183
244.Tsutomu O.2001.Oxidation of phenolic acid derivatives by soil and its relevance to allelopathic activity.Journal of Environmental Quality,30 (5):1631-1635
245.Tukalo E.A.and Okorokov A.N.1980.Determination of blood serum cholesterol esters with the use of tomatine in chronic liver diseases.Laboratornoe delo,5:295-297
246.Tukr M A.Tawaha A M.AlleloPathic effect of black mustard (Brassicanigra L.) on germination and growth of wild oat (Avena fatua L.) .Crop Protection,2003,22:673-677
247.Udalova Z.V.,Zinoveva S.V.,Vasieva I.S.,and Paseshnichenko V.A.2004.Correlation between the structure of plant steroids and their effects on phytoparasitic nematodes.Applied biochemistry and microbiology,40:93-97
248.Waller G R,Cheng C.S,Chou C.H,Kim D.,Yang C.F.,Huang S.C.and Lin Y.F.1995.Allelopathic activity of naturally occurring compounds from mung beans (Vigna radiata) and surrounding soil.ACS symposium series.American Chemical Society,582:242-259
249.Waller G R,Kumari D.and Friendman N.1986.Caffeine autotoxicity in coffea arabical.Science of Allelopathy (Ed by Putnam AR,Tang CS,John Wiley&Sons) ,New York,243-265
250.Weissenberg M.2001.Isolation of solasodine and other steroidal alkaloids and sapogenins by direct hydrolysis-extraction of Solarium plants or glycosides therefrom.Phytochemistry,58:501-508
251.Weissenberg M.,Levy A.,James A.and Ishaaya I.1998.The effect of some solanum steroidal alkaloids and glycoalkaloids on larvae of the red flour beetle,tribolium castaneum,and the tobacco homworm,manducas exta.Phytochemistry,47 (2):203-209
252.Wen C.Y,Hao W,Zhao S.X.and Che C T.2001.Steroidal glycoside and glycoalkaloid from Solarium lyratum.Biochemical Systematics and Ecology,29:421-423
253.Wiliem W.A.and Alink G M.1986.Toxic effect of the glycoalkaloids solanine and tomatine on cultured rat heart cells.Toxicology Letters,6:29-42
254.Wu L,Guo X.1998.Allelopathic effects of phenolic acids detected in buffalograss (Buchloe dactyloides) clippings on growth of annual bluegrass (Poa annua) and buffalograss seedlings.Environ Expert Botany,39:159-167
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |