无刷双馈风力发电系统的研究及控制
|
摘要
本文从能源可持续发展出发,论述了风力发电在未来能源发展中的重要地位,以较为详尽的数据,分析研究了国内外风力发电的发展状况及风力发电机组的生产、研究的最新进展。
介绍了各种先进控制方法的基本原理及在风力发电系统中有关风能最大功率跟踪、电能品质等控制问题中的应用,为后面章节采取的控制方法提供了参考。
无刷双馈风力发电机是一种特别适合于变速恒频风电系统的新型发电机,可以实现异步、同步、双馈等多种运行方式。根据转子结构不同,无刷双馈电机主要分为磁阻式和鼠笼式两种类型。本文以无刷双馈磁阻电机为主要研究对象,系统地分析了无刷双馈电机的运行原理和定转子结构,并给出了电机在同步转速dp旋转坐标系下的动态方程,利用该动态方程分别研究了电机在异步、同步和双馈状态下的动态特性。在MATLAB/Simulink里搭建了电机模型进行仿真,从仿真结果可以看出,无刷双馈电机在这三种运行方式下均具有优良的特性,从而证明了模型的正确性,为后面章节讨论无刷双馈电机的控制奠定了基础。
近几年来,随着鲁棒控制的发展,线性时变参数(LPV)控制器的设计方法也得到了一定的发展,LPV方法在处理非线性系统方面取得了一些成果。本文介绍了其相关的基本概念和定理,研究并给出了其控制器设计的过程和步骤,为其引入电机控制打下了理论基础。
风力发电系统其中一个最大的目标就是最大风能的捕获。而电机是发电系统中最重要的部分之一。作为未来主流发电机种的无刷双馈发电机有着诸多优点,但它也是一个高阶、非线性、强耦合的多变量复杂系统。针对电机的非线性,本文尝试将无刷双馈电机模型描述成多胞系统形式,提出了基于功率绕组磁场定向和LPV控制方法的无刷双馈发电机最大风能捕获系统控制方法,设计了一种多胞LPV控制绕组电流控制器,来实现最大风能的捕获。
本文最后对该无刷双馈发电系统进行了总结,并对该系统的进一步研究提出了一些方向。
The thesis, based on the view of sustainable energy development, discussed the great importance of the wind power in the future energy development. According the detailed data, the survey of the wind power generator production, research in domestic and abroad has been done.
The thesis introduced many basic principles of advanced control methods as well as applications in such field as: maximum wind power tracking, power quality, fatigue of the transmission train. It provides the reference for the back section of taking the control method.
Brushless doubly-fed machine(BDFM) is a new type of wind generator, which is especially fit for wind power generator, it can operate in several pattern such as synchronous pattern、asynchronous pattern and doubly-fed. According to the difference of rotor structure, Brushless Doubly-fed Machine mainly has two types: Brushless Doubly-fed Cage Machine and Brushless Doubly-fed Reluctance Machine, in this thesis the main research-object is BDFRM. In the paper, the operating principles and basic structures of stator and rotor are introduced in detail and a d-q dynamic equation under synchronous speed rotating reference frame is given. With the dynamic equation, three kinds of operating pattern: synchronous、asynchronous and doubly-fed are investigated. By building the machine model and simulating, we can drop the conclusion that the brushless doubly-fed machine has excellent dynamic performance under these operating models from the analysis of simulation results, thereby it does indicates that the simulation model is right, and lays the foundation for discussing control of BDFRM behind the section.
In recent years linear parameter varying(LPV) control has been developed with the development of robust control, and obtained some achievements in non-linear systems control problems. This paper introduces the basic concepts and theorems. The processes and the steps of design of controller have been researched and given, lays the theoretical foundation for the introduction of motor control.
One of the most important goal of wind energy conversion system is the maximum wind power tracking. Generator is the most important part of the system. As the mainstream generator in the future, brushless doubly-fed machine has many advantage, but it's also high order、nonlinear、strong coupling and multivariate dynamical system. For the nonlinear of generator, the thesis describes the generator model with the polytopic system, gives the control method of maximum wind power tracking system with BDFM based on power winding field-oriented method and LPV control. A kind of polytopic LPV control winding current controller is designed and achieve the maximum capture of wind energy effectively.
In the last, the summarization for the wind energy conversion system with BDFM is made, and some study ways of this system are put forward.
介绍了各种先进控制方法的基本原理及在风力发电系统中有关风能最大功率跟踪、电能品质等控制问题中的应用,为后面章节采取的控制方法提供了参考。
无刷双馈风力发电机是一种特别适合于变速恒频风电系统的新型发电机,可以实现异步、同步、双馈等多种运行方式。根据转子结构不同,无刷双馈电机主要分为磁阻式和鼠笼式两种类型。本文以无刷双馈磁阻电机为主要研究对象,系统地分析了无刷双馈电机的运行原理和定转子结构,并给出了电机在同步转速dp旋转坐标系下的动态方程,利用该动态方程分别研究了电机在异步、同步和双馈状态下的动态特性。在MATLAB/Simulink里搭建了电机模型进行仿真,从仿真结果可以看出,无刷双馈电机在这三种运行方式下均具有优良的特性,从而证明了模型的正确性,为后面章节讨论无刷双馈电机的控制奠定了基础。
近几年来,随着鲁棒控制的发展,线性时变参数(LPV)控制器的设计方法也得到了一定的发展,LPV方法在处理非线性系统方面取得了一些成果。本文介绍了其相关的基本概念和定理,研究并给出了其控制器设计的过程和步骤,为其引入电机控制打下了理论基础。
风力发电系统其中一个最大的目标就是最大风能的捕获。而电机是发电系统中最重要的部分之一。作为未来主流发电机种的无刷双馈发电机有着诸多优点,但它也是一个高阶、非线性、强耦合的多变量复杂系统。针对电机的非线性,本文尝试将无刷双馈电机模型描述成多胞系统形式,提出了基于功率绕组磁场定向和LPV控制方法的无刷双馈发电机最大风能捕获系统控制方法,设计了一种多胞LPV控制绕组电流控制器,来实现最大风能的捕获。
本文最后对该无刷双馈发电系统进行了总结,并对该系统的进一步研究提出了一些方向。
The thesis, based on the view of sustainable energy development, discussed the great importance of the wind power in the future energy development. According the detailed data, the survey of the wind power generator production, research in domestic and abroad has been done.
The thesis introduced many basic principles of advanced control methods as well as applications in such field as: maximum wind power tracking, power quality, fatigue of the transmission train. It provides the reference for the back section of taking the control method.
Brushless doubly-fed machine(BDFM) is a new type of wind generator, which is especially fit for wind power generator, it can operate in several pattern such as synchronous pattern、asynchronous pattern and doubly-fed. According to the difference of rotor structure, Brushless Doubly-fed Machine mainly has two types: Brushless Doubly-fed Cage Machine and Brushless Doubly-fed Reluctance Machine, in this thesis the main research-object is BDFRM. In the paper, the operating principles and basic structures of stator and rotor are introduced in detail and a d-q dynamic equation under synchronous speed rotating reference frame is given. With the dynamic equation, three kinds of operating pattern: synchronous、asynchronous and doubly-fed are investigated. By building the machine model and simulating, we can drop the conclusion that the brushless doubly-fed machine has excellent dynamic performance under these operating models from the analysis of simulation results, thereby it does indicates that the simulation model is right, and lays the foundation for discussing control of BDFRM behind the section.
In recent years linear parameter varying(LPV) control has been developed with the development of robust control, and obtained some achievements in non-linear systems control problems. This paper introduces the basic concepts and theorems. The processes and the steps of design of controller have been researched and given, lays the theoretical foundation for the introduction of motor control.
One of the most important goal of wind energy conversion system is the maximum wind power tracking. Generator is the most important part of the system. As the mainstream generator in the future, brushless doubly-fed machine has many advantage, but it's also high order、nonlinear、strong coupling and multivariate dynamical system. For the nonlinear of generator, the thesis describes the generator model with the polytopic system, gives the control method of maximum wind power tracking system with BDFM based on power winding field-oriented method and LPV control. A kind of polytopic LPV control winding current controller is designed and achieve the maximum capture of wind energy effectively.
In the last, the summarization for the wind energy conversion system with BDFM is made, and some study ways of this system are put forward.
引文
[1]吴捷,杨俊华.绿色能源与生态环境控制[J].控制理论与应用,2004,21(6),864-869.
[2]王承熙,张源.风力发电.北京:中国电力出版社,2003,110-113.
[3]李亚西,武鑫等.世界风力发电现状及发展趋势.太阳能,2004(1),6-7.
[4]袁玉琪,杨校生.风能风力发电-21世纪新型清洁能源.太阳能.2002,(2):7-9.
[5]李俊峰,高虎,王仲颖,马玲娟,董路影.中国风电发展报告2008,8-9.
[6]陈雷,邢作霞,潘建,钟明舫.大型风力发电机组技术发展趋势.可再生能源,2003(1),27-30.
[7]叶杭冶.风力发电机组的控制技术.北京:机械工业出版社,2002.
[8]马洪飞,徐殿国等.几种变速恒频风力发电系统控制方案的对比分析.电工技术杂志,2000,10(3),21-23.
[9]Z.Chen,E.spooner.Grid interface options for variable-speed permanent magnet generator,IEE Proceeding on Elctric Power Applicatons.2001,145(4):237-283.
[10]E.Spooner,A.C.Walliamson.Direct coupled permanent-magnet generator for wind turbine applications,IEE Proceeding on Elctric power Applications.2000,143(1),173-283.
[11]Shibashis Bhowmik,et al.Performance optimization for doubly fed wind power generation systems.IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.1999,35(4):949-958.
[12]W.Wu,et al.A low-speed,high-torque,direct-drive permanent magnet generator for wind turbines.IEEE Industry Applications Conference.2000,31(2),645-651.
[13]林成武,王风翔等.变速恒频双馈风力发电机励磁控制技术研究.中国电机工程学报,2003,23(11),31-34.
[14]贺益康,郑康等.交流励磁变速恒频风电系统运行研究.电力系统自动化,2004,28(13),26-29.
[15]W.Homfmann,et al.Optimal power utillisation with doubly-fed full-controlled induction generator,IEEE African 2002(6),693-698.
[16]Yoshitake Kawabata,et al.Variable speed constant frequency power generating system by he use of rotor excitation of induction machine.PCCO sake 2002,245-256.
[17]Guofeng Yuan,et al.Vector control and synchronization of doubly fed induction wind generator system.IPEMC'2004,886-890.
[18]Rajib Datta,et al.Direct power control of grid-connected wound rotor induction machine without rotor position sensors.IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2001,6(3),390-399.
[19]王凤翔,张凤阁著.磁场调制式无刷双馈交流电机.长春:吉林大学出版社,2004.
[20]杨顺昌.无刷双馈调速电机的绕组结构.电工技术学报,1996,11(2),16-20.
[21]E.M.Schulz,et al.Optimal rotor design for brushless doubly fed reluctance machines.IEEE IAS Annual Meeting,2003:256-261.
[22]叶杭冶.风力发电机组的控制技术.北京:机械工业出版社,2006.
[23]Bossanyi.E.The design of closed loop controllers for wind turbines,wind Energy.2000,3(3),149-163.
[24]Jauch.C,Maevosyan.J,Ackermann.T and Bolik.S.(2005).International comparison of requirements for connection of wind turbines to power systems.Wind Energy 8(3),295-306.
[25]Ackermann.T.Wind Power in power systems.John Wiley &Sons Ltd,Chichester,UK.
[26]Gredes G,Santjer F.Power quality of wind turbines and their interaction with the grid[C].Proceedings of 1994 European Wind Energy Conference,Thessaloniki,Greece,1994:1112-1115,
[27]Yifan Tang,Longya Xu.Adaptive Fuzzy Control of a Variable Speed Power Generating System with Doubly Excited Reluctance Machine[C].25 IEEE PESC,1994,7(1),377-384.
[28]H.M.Jabr.Adaptive vector control for slip energy recovery in doubly-fed wind driven induction generator[C].2005 IEEE CCECE/CCGEI,2005(1),759-762.
[29]S.Bhowmik,R.Spee.Performance Optimization for Doubly Fed Wind Power Generation System[J].IEEE Trans.on IA,1999,35(4),949-958.
[30]郑黎明,许移庆.变速风力发电机模型参考自适应控制.华北电力大学学报,2005,32(2),57-61.
[31]王常勇.变速风力发电机组的适应性控制.机电工程,2001,18(4),61-64.
[32]张新房,徐大平,吕跃刚,柳亦兵.大型变速风力发电机组的自适应模糊控制.系统 仿真学报.2004,16(3),573-577.
[33]梁中华,张武,杜继光.基于MRAC风电系统的MPPT控制策略.沈阳工业大学报.2008,30(3),280-283.
[34]周中军,李华德,陈书锦,冉正云.永磁同步电机滑模变结构直接转矩控制研究,电气传动自动化,2008,30(1),1-4.
[35]张先勇,吴捷,杨俊华,杨金明,吴晓朝.无刷双馈风力发电机滑模功率解耦控制.太阳能学报,2007,28(1),68-73.
[36]H.D.Battista&R,J.Mantz.Sliding Mode Control of Torque Ripple in Wind Energy Conversion Systems with Slip Power Recovery[C].Proc.of the 24th Annual Conf.of IEEE,IECON'98,1998(2),651-656.
[37]H.D.Battista et al.Sliding Mode Control of Wind Energy Systems with DOIG-Power Efficiency and Torsional Dynamics Optimization[J].IEEE Trans,Power Systems.2000,15(2),728-734.
[38]王东风,贾增周,孙剑,徐大平.变桨距风力发电系统的滑模变结构控制.华北电力大学学报,2008,35(3),1-3.
[39]孙耀杰,康龙云,史维祥,曹秉刚.分布式电源中变速恒频风力发电的模糊滑模控制.计算机仿真.2004,21(8),161-165.
[40]郭庆鼎,赵麟,郭洪澈.1MW变速变距风力发电机的滑模变结构鲁棒控制.沈阳工业大学学报,2005,27(2),171-174.
[41]胡中华,王维庆.风力发电机的最优控制.水力发电,2006,32(12),53-55.
[42]Bhowmik.S,Spee.R,Enslin.J.R.Performance Optimization for Doubly Fed Wind Power Generation Systems[J].IEEE Trans.IA,1999,35(4),949-958.
[43]Hofmann.W,Okafor.F.Optimal Control of Doubly-Fed Full-Controlled Induction Wind Generator with High Efficiency[C].The 27th Annual Conf.of the IEEE IES,2001,1213-1218.
[44]Connor B.LQG Control of a Constant Speed Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine[C].The 3rd IEEE Conf.on Control Apply.1994,(1),251-252.
[45]闫耀民,范瑜,汪至中.永磁同步电机风力发电系统的自寻优控制.电工技术学报,2002,17(6),82-86.
[46]Novak.P.Modeling and Control of Variable-Speed Wind Turbine Drive-system Dynamics[J].IEEE Control systems Magazine.1995,15(4),28-38.
[47]钱候龙.变速型风力发电系统的模糊神经网络控制研究.硕士论文,2007,2-10.
[48]唐建平,廖勇,姚骏.变参数PI与神经网络控制的风电系统仿真.计算机仿真,2008,25(3),251-254.
[49]高文元,祝振敏,井明波,褚金,王帆.风电机组变桨距系统神经网络模糊自适应控制.武汉理工大学学报,2008,30(4),533-536.
[50]姚兴佳,曹小明.基于神经网络的风力发电控制系统.控制与决策,1997,12增刊,482-486.
[51]张晓波,张新燕,王维庆.用神经网络对风力发电中电力电子故障分析.华东电力.2008,36(7).16-18.
[52]王松.遗传算法在变桨距风力发电控制系统中的应用[J].新能源.2000,22(12),48-51.
[53]李岚,王秀丽.风力发电系统有功功率模糊控制器的设计.太阳能学报,2007,28(11),1272-1277.
[54]陈堂贤,杨孔,王仁明.双馈异步风力发电机的模糊控制.电机与控制应用,2009,36(1),25-29.
[55]杨国良,于倩,李惠光.模糊控制在变速恒频风电无功功率优化中的应用.燕山大学学报,2009,33(1),83-89.
[56]邱耀民,杨宜民.基于改进遗传算法的风/光互补发电系统恒压控制.可再生能源,2009,27(1),6-9.
[57]陈树勇,申洪,张洋,卜广全,印永华.基于遗传算法的风电场无功补偿及控制方法的研究.中国电机工程学报,2005,25(8),1-6.
[58]陈奋,马宏忠,张利民,徐树峰,朱统亮,任高峰.基于遗传算法的直流电机风力发电系统最优励磁控制技术.电网技术,2008,32(3),47-51.
[59]丁明,吴义纯.基于改进遗传算法的风力-柴油联合发电系统扩展规划.中国电机工程学报,2006,26(8),23-27.
[60]Lima.M.L,Silvino.J.L,de Resende.P.H∞ control for a variable-speed adjustable-pitch wind energy conversion system.Industrial Electronics.ISIE '99.Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium,1999,Vol(2),556-561.
[61]Bongers.P.M.M,van Baars.G.E,Diikstra.S,Load reduction in a wind energy conversion system using an H∞ controller,Control Applications,1993,Second IEEE Conference,vol2,965-970.
[62]Kraan.I,Bongers.P.M.M.Control of a wind turbine using several linear robust controllers.Decision and Control,Proceedings of the 32nd IEEE Conference,1993,vol(2),1928-1929.
[63]张先勇,吴捷,杨金明,舒杰.额定风速以上风力发电机组的恒功率H∞鲁棒控制.控制理论与应用,2008,25(2),321-324.
[64]Ryosei sakamoto,Tomonobu senjyu,Toshiaki kaneko,Naomisu Urasaki,Teruo Takagi,and Shigeyuki Sugimoto.Output Power Leveling of Wind Turbine Generator by Pitch Angle Control Using H∞ Control,Electrical Engineering in Japan,Vol(162),2008,2044-2049.
[65]Peter M.M.Bongers.Experimental Robust Control of a Flexible Wind Turbine System,American Control Conference,1994,vol(3),3214-3218.
[66]Ronilson Rocha,Peterson Resende,Jose Luiz Silvino and Marcos Vinicius Bortolus,Control of Stall Regulated Wind Turbine Through H∞ Loop Shaping Method,Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE International Conference on Control Applications,2001,925-929.
[67]郑黎明,姜桐.大型水平轴风力机模型分析及鲁棒控制[J].新能源,1998,20(8),21-25.
[68]Darengosse.C,Chevrel.P,Le Doeuff.R.A linear parameter-varying flux observer:design and experimentation,Volume 3,18-23 June 2000,1112-1117.
[69]E.Prempain,I.Postlethwaite,A.Benchaib.A linear parameter variant H∞ control design for an induction motor,Control Engineering Practice 2002(10),633-644.
[70]倪一峰.感应电动机LPV直接转矩控制系统的研究.硕士论文,2006,18-26.
[71]Kasper Zinck stergaard,Jakob Stoustrup and Per Brath.Linear parameter varying control of wind turbines covering both partial load and full load conditions,International Journal of robust and nonlinear control.2008,vol(19),92-116.
[72]F.Lescher,H.chmblong,O.Curea and R.Briand,Lpv control of Wind Turbines for Fatigue Loads Reduction Using Intelligent Micro Sensors,Proceedings of the 2007Americand Control Conference,6061-6066.
[73]Kazuhisa Ohtsubo,Hiroyuki Kajiwara.Lpv Technique for Rotational Speed Control of Wind Turbines Using Measured Wind Speed,Oceans'04.Mtts/IEEE Techno-ocean'04,2004,vol(13),1847-1853.
[74]F.D.Bianchi,R.J.Mantz and C.F.Christiansen,Control of variable-speed wind turbines by LPV gain scheduling.Wind Energy.2004,vol(7),1-8.
[75]F.D.Bianchi,R.J.Mantz and C.F.Christiansen.Gain scheduling control of variable-speed wind energy conversion systems using quasi-LPV models.Control Engineering.2005,vol(13),247-255.
[76]姚兴佳,周洁,邓英,衣传宝,郭庆鼎.风力发电机组的LPV H∞控制器设计.沈阳工业大学学报,2008,vol(30),514-519.
[77]王凤翔,张凤阁.磁场调制式无刷双馈交流电机.长春:吉林大学出版社,2004,115-117.
[78]张凤阁,王凤翔,林成武.无刷双馈电机的结构特点与设计原则.微特电机,1999(3),21-24.
[79]阮景峰.无刷双馈风力发电机变速恒频控制技术研究.硕士论文.2007,11-12.
[80]张凤阁,磁场调制式无刷双馈电机研究.沈阳工业大学博士论文.1999,10-13.
[81]Leith D J,Leithead WE.Survey of Gain-Scheduling Analysis & Design.Int.J.control,2000,73(11),1001-1025.
[82]Shamma J S.Analysis of gain scheduled control systems[D].Cambridge:Massachusetts Institute of Technology,1998,30-40.
[83]Shamma J S.Athans M.Analysis of gain scheduled control for nonlinear plants[J].IEEE Trans.on Automatic Control,1990(35),898-907.
[84]Leith D J,Leithead WE.On formulation nonlinear dynamics in LPV form[C]//Proceedings of the 39th Conference on Decision & Control,Sydney,Australia,2000(46),497-500.
[85]刘炳初.泛函分析.北京:科学出版社,1998.
[86]李广民,刘三阳.应用泛函分析原理.西安电子科技大学出版社.2003.
[87]俞立.鲁棒控制一线性矩阵不等式处理方法.清华大学出版社.2002.
[88]宋立新.凡鲁棒控制的若干问题研究.(硕士学位论文).哈尔滨工业大学.2002,
[89]王俊玲.时滞线性参数变化系统的稳定性分析与增益调度控制.北京:科学出版社,2008.
[90]P.Apkarian,P.Gahinet,G.Becker.Self-scheduled H∞ control of linear parameter varying systems:a design example[J].Automatica,1995,31(9),1251-1262.
[2]王承熙,张源.风力发电.北京:中国电力出版社,2003,110-113.
[3]李亚西,武鑫等.世界风力发电现状及发展趋势.太阳能,2004(1),6-7.
[4]袁玉琪,杨校生.风能风力发电-21世纪新型清洁能源.太阳能.2002,(2):7-9.
[5]李俊峰,高虎,王仲颖,马玲娟,董路影.中国风电发展报告2008,8-9.
[6]陈雷,邢作霞,潘建,钟明舫.大型风力发电机组技术发展趋势.可再生能源,2003(1),27-30.
[7]叶杭冶.风力发电机组的控制技术.北京:机械工业出版社,2002.
[8]马洪飞,徐殿国等.几种变速恒频风力发电系统控制方案的对比分析.电工技术杂志,2000,10(3),21-23.
[9]Z.Chen,E.spooner.Grid interface options for variable-speed permanent magnet generator,IEE Proceeding on Elctric Power Applicatons.2001,145(4):237-283.
[10]E.Spooner,A.C.Walliamson.Direct coupled permanent-magnet generator for wind turbine applications,IEE Proceeding on Elctric power Applications.2000,143(1),173-283.
[11]Shibashis Bhowmik,et al.Performance optimization for doubly fed wind power generation systems.IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.1999,35(4):949-958.
[12]W.Wu,et al.A low-speed,high-torque,direct-drive permanent magnet generator for wind turbines.IEEE Industry Applications Conference.2000,31(2),645-651.
[13]林成武,王风翔等.变速恒频双馈风力发电机励磁控制技术研究.中国电机工程学报,2003,23(11),31-34.
[14]贺益康,郑康等.交流励磁变速恒频风电系统运行研究.电力系统自动化,2004,28(13),26-29.
[15]W.Homfmann,et al.Optimal power utillisation with doubly-fed full-controlled induction generator,IEEE African 2002(6),693-698.
[16]Yoshitake Kawabata,et al.Variable speed constant frequency power generating system by he use of rotor excitation of induction machine.PCCO sake 2002,245-256.
[17]Guofeng Yuan,et al.Vector control and synchronization of doubly fed induction wind generator system.IPEMC'2004,886-890.
[18]Rajib Datta,et al.Direct power control of grid-connected wound rotor induction machine without rotor position sensors.IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2001,6(3),390-399.
[19]王凤翔,张凤阁著.磁场调制式无刷双馈交流电机.长春:吉林大学出版社,2004.
[20]杨顺昌.无刷双馈调速电机的绕组结构.电工技术学报,1996,11(2),16-20.
[21]E.M.Schulz,et al.Optimal rotor design for brushless doubly fed reluctance machines.IEEE IAS Annual Meeting,2003:256-261.
[22]叶杭冶.风力发电机组的控制技术.北京:机械工业出版社,2006.
[23]Bossanyi.E.The design of closed loop controllers for wind turbines,wind Energy.2000,3(3),149-163.
[24]Jauch.C,Maevosyan.J,Ackermann.T and Bolik.S.(2005).International comparison of requirements for connection of wind turbines to power systems.Wind Energy 8(3),295-306.
[25]Ackermann.T.Wind Power in power systems.John Wiley &Sons Ltd,Chichester,UK.
[26]Gredes G,Santjer F.Power quality of wind turbines and their interaction with the grid[C].Proceedings of 1994 European Wind Energy Conference,Thessaloniki,Greece,1994:1112-1115,
[27]Yifan Tang,Longya Xu.Adaptive Fuzzy Control of a Variable Speed Power Generating System with Doubly Excited Reluctance Machine[C].25 IEEE PESC,1994,7(1),377-384.
[28]H.M.Jabr.Adaptive vector control for slip energy recovery in doubly-fed wind driven induction generator[C].2005 IEEE CCECE/CCGEI,2005(1),759-762.
[29]S.Bhowmik,R.Spee.Performance Optimization for Doubly Fed Wind Power Generation System[J].IEEE Trans.on IA,1999,35(4),949-958.
[30]郑黎明,许移庆.变速风力发电机模型参考自适应控制.华北电力大学学报,2005,32(2),57-61.
[31]王常勇.变速风力发电机组的适应性控制.机电工程,2001,18(4),61-64.
[32]张新房,徐大平,吕跃刚,柳亦兵.大型变速风力发电机组的自适应模糊控制.系统 仿真学报.2004,16(3),573-577.
[33]梁中华,张武,杜继光.基于MRAC风电系统的MPPT控制策略.沈阳工业大学报.2008,30(3),280-283.
[34]周中军,李华德,陈书锦,冉正云.永磁同步电机滑模变结构直接转矩控制研究,电气传动自动化,2008,30(1),1-4.
[35]张先勇,吴捷,杨俊华,杨金明,吴晓朝.无刷双馈风力发电机滑模功率解耦控制.太阳能学报,2007,28(1),68-73.
[36]H.D.Battista&R,J.Mantz.Sliding Mode Control of Torque Ripple in Wind Energy Conversion Systems with Slip Power Recovery[C].Proc.of the 24th Annual Conf.of IEEE,IECON'98,1998(2),651-656.
[37]H.D.Battista et al.Sliding Mode Control of Wind Energy Systems with DOIG-Power Efficiency and Torsional Dynamics Optimization[J].IEEE Trans,Power Systems.2000,15(2),728-734.
[38]王东风,贾增周,孙剑,徐大平.变桨距风力发电系统的滑模变结构控制.华北电力大学学报,2008,35(3),1-3.
[39]孙耀杰,康龙云,史维祥,曹秉刚.分布式电源中变速恒频风力发电的模糊滑模控制.计算机仿真.2004,21(8),161-165.
[40]郭庆鼎,赵麟,郭洪澈.1MW变速变距风力发电机的滑模变结构鲁棒控制.沈阳工业大学学报,2005,27(2),171-174.
[41]胡中华,王维庆.风力发电机的最优控制.水力发电,2006,32(12),53-55.
[42]Bhowmik.S,Spee.R,Enslin.J.R.Performance Optimization for Doubly Fed Wind Power Generation Systems[J].IEEE Trans.IA,1999,35(4),949-958.
[43]Hofmann.W,Okafor.F.Optimal Control of Doubly-Fed Full-Controlled Induction Wind Generator with High Efficiency[C].The 27th Annual Conf.of the IEEE IES,2001,1213-1218.
[44]Connor B.LQG Control of a Constant Speed Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine[C].The 3rd IEEE Conf.on Control Apply.1994,(1),251-252.
[45]闫耀民,范瑜,汪至中.永磁同步电机风力发电系统的自寻优控制.电工技术学报,2002,17(6),82-86.
[46]Novak.P.Modeling and Control of Variable-Speed Wind Turbine Drive-system Dynamics[J].IEEE Control systems Magazine.1995,15(4),28-38.
[47]钱候龙.变速型风力发电系统的模糊神经网络控制研究.硕士论文,2007,2-10.
[48]唐建平,廖勇,姚骏.变参数PI与神经网络控制的风电系统仿真.计算机仿真,2008,25(3),251-254.
[49]高文元,祝振敏,井明波,褚金,王帆.风电机组变桨距系统神经网络模糊自适应控制.武汉理工大学学报,2008,30(4),533-536.
[50]姚兴佳,曹小明.基于神经网络的风力发电控制系统.控制与决策,1997,12增刊,482-486.
[51]张晓波,张新燕,王维庆.用神经网络对风力发电中电力电子故障分析.华东电力.2008,36(7).16-18.
[52]王松.遗传算法在变桨距风力发电控制系统中的应用[J].新能源.2000,22(12),48-51.
[53]李岚,王秀丽.风力发电系统有功功率模糊控制器的设计.太阳能学报,2007,28(11),1272-1277.
[54]陈堂贤,杨孔,王仁明.双馈异步风力发电机的模糊控制.电机与控制应用,2009,36(1),25-29.
[55]杨国良,于倩,李惠光.模糊控制在变速恒频风电无功功率优化中的应用.燕山大学学报,2009,33(1),83-89.
[56]邱耀民,杨宜民.基于改进遗传算法的风/光互补发电系统恒压控制.可再生能源,2009,27(1),6-9.
[57]陈树勇,申洪,张洋,卜广全,印永华.基于遗传算法的风电场无功补偿及控制方法的研究.中国电机工程学报,2005,25(8),1-6.
[58]陈奋,马宏忠,张利民,徐树峰,朱统亮,任高峰.基于遗传算法的直流电机风力发电系统最优励磁控制技术.电网技术,2008,32(3),47-51.
[59]丁明,吴义纯.基于改进遗传算法的风力-柴油联合发电系统扩展规划.中国电机工程学报,2006,26(8),23-27.
[60]Lima.M.L,Silvino.J.L,de Resende.P.H∞ control for a variable-speed adjustable-pitch wind energy conversion system.Industrial Electronics.ISIE '99.Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium,1999,Vol(2),556-561.
[61]Bongers.P.M.M,van Baars.G.E,Diikstra.S,Load reduction in a wind energy conversion system using an H∞ controller,Control Applications,1993,Second IEEE Conference,vol2,965-970.
[62]Kraan.I,Bongers.P.M.M.Control of a wind turbine using several linear robust controllers.Decision and Control,Proceedings of the 32nd IEEE Conference,1993,vol(2),1928-1929.
[63]张先勇,吴捷,杨金明,舒杰.额定风速以上风力发电机组的恒功率H∞鲁棒控制.控制理论与应用,2008,25(2),321-324.
[64]Ryosei sakamoto,Tomonobu senjyu,Toshiaki kaneko,Naomisu Urasaki,Teruo Takagi,and Shigeyuki Sugimoto.Output Power Leveling of Wind Turbine Generator by Pitch Angle Control Using H∞ Control,Electrical Engineering in Japan,Vol(162),2008,2044-2049.
[65]Peter M.M.Bongers.Experimental Robust Control of a Flexible Wind Turbine System,American Control Conference,1994,vol(3),3214-3218.
[66]Ronilson Rocha,Peterson Resende,Jose Luiz Silvino and Marcos Vinicius Bortolus,Control of Stall Regulated Wind Turbine Through H∞ Loop Shaping Method,Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE International Conference on Control Applications,2001,925-929.
[67]郑黎明,姜桐.大型水平轴风力机模型分析及鲁棒控制[J].新能源,1998,20(8),21-25.
[68]Darengosse.C,Chevrel.P,Le Doeuff.R.A linear parameter-varying flux observer:design and experimentation,Volume 3,18-23 June 2000,1112-1117.
[69]E.Prempain,I.Postlethwaite,A.Benchaib.A linear parameter variant H∞ control design for an induction motor,Control Engineering Practice 2002(10),633-644.
[70]倪一峰.感应电动机LPV直接转矩控制系统的研究.硕士论文,2006,18-26.
[71]Kasper Zinck stergaard,Jakob Stoustrup and Per Brath.Linear parameter varying control of wind turbines covering both partial load and full load conditions,International Journal of robust and nonlinear control.2008,vol(19),92-116.
[72]F.Lescher,H.chmblong,O.Curea and R.Briand,Lpv control of Wind Turbines for Fatigue Loads Reduction Using Intelligent Micro Sensors,Proceedings of the 2007Americand Control Conference,6061-6066.
[73]Kazuhisa Ohtsubo,Hiroyuki Kajiwara.Lpv Technique for Rotational Speed Control of Wind Turbines Using Measured Wind Speed,Oceans'04.Mtts/IEEE Techno-ocean'04,2004,vol(13),1847-1853.
[74]F.D.Bianchi,R.J.Mantz and C.F.Christiansen,Control of variable-speed wind turbines by LPV gain scheduling.Wind Energy.2004,vol(7),1-8.
[75]F.D.Bianchi,R.J.Mantz and C.F.Christiansen.Gain scheduling control of variable-speed wind energy conversion systems using quasi-LPV models.Control Engineering.2005,vol(13),247-255.
[76]姚兴佳,周洁,邓英,衣传宝,郭庆鼎.风力发电机组的LPV H∞控制器设计.沈阳工业大学学报,2008,vol(30),514-519.
[77]王凤翔,张凤阁.磁场调制式无刷双馈交流电机.长春:吉林大学出版社,2004,115-117.
[78]张凤阁,王凤翔,林成武.无刷双馈电机的结构特点与设计原则.微特电机,1999(3),21-24.
[79]阮景峰.无刷双馈风力发电机变速恒频控制技术研究.硕士论文.2007,11-12.
[80]张凤阁,磁场调制式无刷双馈电机研究.沈阳工业大学博士论文.1999,10-13.
[81]Leith D J,Leithead WE.Survey of Gain-Scheduling Analysis & Design.Int.J.control,2000,73(11),1001-1025.
[82]Shamma J S.Analysis of gain scheduled control systems[D].Cambridge:Massachusetts Institute of Technology,1998,30-40.
[83]Shamma J S.Athans M.Analysis of gain scheduled control for nonlinear plants[J].IEEE Trans.on Automatic Control,1990(35),898-907.
[84]Leith D J,Leithead WE.On formulation nonlinear dynamics in LPV form[C]//Proceedings of the 39th Conference on Decision & Control,Sydney,Australia,2000(46),497-500.
[85]刘炳初.泛函分析.北京:科学出版社,1998.
[86]李广民,刘三阳.应用泛函分析原理.西安电子科技大学出版社.2003.
[87]俞立.鲁棒控制一线性矩阵不等式处理方法.清华大学出版社.2002.
[88]宋立新.凡鲁棒控制的若干问题研究.(硕士学位论文).哈尔滨工业大学.2002,
[89]王俊玲.时滞线性参数变化系统的稳定性分析与增益调度控制.北京:科学出版社,2008.
[90]P.Apkarian,P.Gahinet,G.Becker.Self-scheduled H∞ control of linear parameter varying systems:a design example[J].Automatica,1995,31(9),1251-1262.