物流系统库存—路径问题集成优化模型及算法研究
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摘要
现代物流的核心就是通过对物流系统中的各种资源进行集成优化,从而降低整个物流系统的总成本。物流系统集成优化主要包括物流节点选址策略、库存控制策略以及运输调度策略这三个方面。虽然这三者之间存在效益背反关系,但如果把其中任意两者或三者统筹考虑,从大系统角度进行集成建模,利用相关智能算法求解,就能找到满足实际系统优化要求的均衡点,满足企业现代物流运作的要求。
2009年我国社会物流的总费用6.08万亿元,其中运输费用3.36万亿元,管理费用0.72万亿元,保管费用2万亿元,运输费和保管费之和占总物流费用的三分之二以上,因此,降低运输成本和库存成本是减少物流系统总成本的关键。
本文重点研究物流系统中库存-路径集成优化问题的系统模型、算法设计和仿真,同时拓展研究物流系统集成优化方面其他问题的流程设计以及模型建立等问题,具体研究内容包括：
首先,从费用的角度阐述运输与库存这两个环节在整个物流系统中的重要性,总结国内外学者对这两方面内容集成优化问题的研究并进行分类。
第二,介绍物流系统集成优化的基本理论,主要包括供应商管理库存(VMI)、库存控制策略、运输调度策略以及物流节点选址策略；同时还介绍了库存-路径问题、选址-库存问题、选址-路径问题、选址-库存-路径问题的概念,并建立一对多结构的配送结构网络体系的数学模型。
第三,应用博弈论的思想对库存-路径集成优化问题进行博弈分析,介绍双层规划模型的相关知识以及提出本文IRP模型的假设条件和相关符号的定义,最后利用双层规划模型建立以物流系统总费用最小为目标函数的一对多物流系统下的库存路径集成优化模型。
第四,提出利用预测法和迭代法的混合模型求解上层模型的Q值；再对配送区域划分时圈,利用混合智能算法求解同一时圈内的车辆路径问题,把结果反馈给上层模型进行调整。最后利用Matlab语言进行编程求解。
最后,利用本文提出的时圈划分模型把杭州烟草配送中心的配送区域分成5个时圈,以杭州烟草配送中心的一个30分钟时圈范围为例,利用本文提出的模型、算法以及程序对该时圈内的零售户配送问题进行仿真研究。结果验证了算法和模型的实用性,为杭州烟草配送中心关于库存路径集成优化规划的实践提供理论依据和方法指导。
Through integrating and optimizing various resources to reduce the cost of total logistics systems, which is the core of modern logistics systems. Logistics systems integrated optimizations include three aspects logistics node location strategy, inventory control strategy, transport scheduling strategy. The relationships of them is back-efficiency, but if we establish the mathematical model from the perspective of large-scale systems about arbitrariness two of them or all three, use correlative intelligence algorithm to solve, can find the equilibrium point which meets the requirements to the actual system optimization, meet the requirements of modern logistics system planning.
In China, the total cost of logistics was 6.08 trillion Yuan in the year of 2009. From the composition of logistics costs, transportation costs was 3.36 trillion Yuan, management fee was 0.72 trillion Yuan, inventory costs was 2 trillion Yuan. This showed that the sum of transportation costs and inventory costs was about two-thirds of the total cost of logistics, which means reducing the transportation costs and inventory costs is the key operation to reduce the total cost of logistics.
This paper focuses on the research of the system model, algorithm design, and simulation about inventory-Routing problem. Expanding the research of process design and establish mathematical model on other issues about integrated optimization of logistics systems, specific research includes:
First, through the angle of transportation costs, analyzing the importance of transportation and inventory. In the same time, this paper summarizes the contents of inventory-Routing problem.
Second, this paper introduces the basic theory about integrated optimization of logistics systems. It includes vendor managed inventory (VMI), inventory control strategy, transport scheduling strategy, logistics node location strategy. In the same time, this paper introduced the concept of inventory-routing problem, location-routing problem, location-routing problem, and location-inventory-routing; established the mathematical model about the structure of one to many network systems.
Third, this paper uses the knowledge of game theory to analyze the inventory-Routing integrated optimization problem, introduce the relevant knowledge to the bi-level programming model, assumption conditions and the related definition of symbols. This paper uses bi-level programming model to establish the model of inventory-Routing integrated optimization problem in the logistics system, the aim is minimize of the total cost of logistics system.
Then, It proposed the mixed model using prediction method and the iterative method to solute the value of Q. however, we carved up the distribution areas, using mixed intelligence algorithm to solve the vehicle routing problem, putting the result back to the top model for the adjustment. Finally, we use the mat lab programming language to solve them.
Finally, this paper used the model divide the distribution areas of Hang Zhou tobacco distribution center into five. We take a 30-minute circle for example, using the model, algorithm and program of this paper to simulate inventory-Routing integrated optimization problem of Hang Zhou tobacco distribution center. The results demonstrate the practicality of the algorithm and model; provide the theoretical basis and practical method of guidance to the inventory-Routing integrated optimization problem of Hang Zhou tobacco distribution center.
2009年我国社会物流的总费用6.08万亿元,其中运输费用3.36万亿元,管理费用0.72万亿元,保管费用2万亿元,运输费和保管费之和占总物流费用的三分之二以上,因此,降低运输成本和库存成本是减少物流系统总成本的关键。
本文重点研究物流系统中库存-路径集成优化问题的系统模型、算法设计和仿真,同时拓展研究物流系统集成优化方面其他问题的流程设计以及模型建立等问题,具体研究内容包括：
首先,从费用的角度阐述运输与库存这两个环节在整个物流系统中的重要性,总结国内外学者对这两方面内容集成优化问题的研究并进行分类。
第二,介绍物流系统集成优化的基本理论,主要包括供应商管理库存(VMI)、库存控制策略、运输调度策略以及物流节点选址策略；同时还介绍了库存-路径问题、选址-库存问题、选址-路径问题、选址-库存-路径问题的概念,并建立一对多结构的配送结构网络体系的数学模型。
第三,应用博弈论的思想对库存-路径集成优化问题进行博弈分析,介绍双层规划模型的相关知识以及提出本文IRP模型的假设条件和相关符号的定义,最后利用双层规划模型建立以物流系统总费用最小为目标函数的一对多物流系统下的库存路径集成优化模型。
第四,提出利用预测法和迭代法的混合模型求解上层模型的Q值；再对配送区域划分时圈,利用混合智能算法求解同一时圈内的车辆路径问题,把结果反馈给上层模型进行调整。最后利用Matlab语言进行编程求解。
最后,利用本文提出的时圈划分模型把杭州烟草配送中心的配送区域分成5个时圈,以杭州烟草配送中心的一个30分钟时圈范围为例,利用本文提出的模型、算法以及程序对该时圈内的零售户配送问题进行仿真研究。结果验证了算法和模型的实用性,为杭州烟草配送中心关于库存路径集成优化规划的实践提供理论依据和方法指导。
Through integrating and optimizing various resources to reduce the cost of total logistics systems, which is the core of modern logistics systems. Logistics systems integrated optimizations include three aspects logistics node location strategy, inventory control strategy, transport scheduling strategy. The relationships of them is back-efficiency, but if we establish the mathematical model from the perspective of large-scale systems about arbitrariness two of them or all three, use correlative intelligence algorithm to solve, can find the equilibrium point which meets the requirements to the actual system optimization, meet the requirements of modern logistics system planning.
In China, the total cost of logistics was 6.08 trillion Yuan in the year of 2009. From the composition of logistics costs, transportation costs was 3.36 trillion Yuan, management fee was 0.72 trillion Yuan, inventory costs was 2 trillion Yuan. This showed that the sum of transportation costs and inventory costs was about two-thirds of the total cost of logistics, which means reducing the transportation costs and inventory costs is the key operation to reduce the total cost of logistics.
This paper focuses on the research of the system model, algorithm design, and simulation about inventory-Routing problem. Expanding the research of process design and establish mathematical model on other issues about integrated optimization of logistics systems, specific research includes:
First, through the angle of transportation costs, analyzing the importance of transportation and inventory. In the same time, this paper summarizes the contents of inventory-Routing problem.
Second, this paper introduces the basic theory about integrated optimization of logistics systems. It includes vendor managed inventory (VMI), inventory control strategy, transport scheduling strategy, logistics node location strategy. In the same time, this paper introduced the concept of inventory-routing problem, location-routing problem, location-routing problem, and location-inventory-routing; established the mathematical model about the structure of one to many network systems.
Third, this paper uses the knowledge of game theory to analyze the inventory-Routing integrated optimization problem, introduce the relevant knowledge to the bi-level programming model, assumption conditions and the related definition of symbols. This paper uses bi-level programming model to establish the model of inventory-Routing integrated optimization problem in the logistics system, the aim is minimize of the total cost of logistics system.
Then, It proposed the mixed model using prediction method and the iterative method to solute the value of Q. however, we carved up the distribution areas, using mixed intelligence algorithm to solve the vehicle routing problem, putting the result back to the top model for the adjustment. Finally, we use the mat lab programming language to solve them.
Finally, this paper used the model divide the distribution areas of Hang Zhou tobacco distribution center into five. We take a 30-minute circle for example, using the model, algorithm and program of this paper to simulate inventory-Routing integrated optimization problem of Hang Zhou tobacco distribution center. The results demonstrate the practicality of the algorithm and model; provide the theoretical basis and practical method of guidance to the inventory-Routing integrated optimization problem of Hang Zhou tobacco distribution center.
引文
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