杂交罗非鱼（Oreochromis niloticus × O.aureus）对动物蛋白源的利用研究
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摘要
本研究以杂交罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus×O. aureus)为实验动物,以肉骨粉和罗非鱼加工副产物为研究对象。设计了两种试验饲料,分别配制7组含有不同动物蛋白源梯度(以肉骨粉和罗非鱼加工副产物添加水平均为0、5、10、15、20、30和40%)的等氮等能饲料,对照组均以棉粕、菜籽粕、豆粕和花生粕为蛋白源,鱼油和豆油以1:1混合油为脂肪源。分别以两种试验饲料,在不间断冲气、不循环养殖系统中饲养杂交罗非鱼8周,研究饲料中添加不同水平肉骨粉和罗非鱼加工副产物对杂交罗非鱼生长,体成分和形态学指标的影响。探讨饲料中肉骨粉和罗非鱼加工副产物的最适比例。
实验结果如下:
1.当饲料中肉骨粉的添加水平为10%时,在增重率、终体重、饲料系数、特定生长率以及蛋白质效率和对照组没有显著性差异(P>0.05);但是,当饲料中肉骨粉的添加水平高于10%时,增重率、终体重、蛋白质效率、特定生长率呈现下降的趋势,饲料系数呈现上升趋势。随着饲料中肉骨粉的添加水平的上升,不会对杂交罗非鱼肝体比,内脏比以及肥满度产生显著性影响;杂交罗非鱼全鱼脂肪、灰份含量以及背部肌肉的灰份、水分含量不受饲料中肉骨粉添加水平的影响。而饲料中肉骨粉添加水平对杂交罗非鱼全鱼的水分和蛋白含量的影响显著,其中水分含量虽然在各实验饲料组之间存在显著差异,但是没有呈现特定的变化趋势。伴随着饲料中肉骨粉添加水平的上升,背部肌肉的脂肪含量呈现下降趋势。本实验的研究结果表明,在杂交罗非鱼饲料中的添加量可以达到10%,不会对杂交罗非鱼生长、形态学指标以及体成分(脂肪含量和灰分含量)产生负面的影响。
2.随着饲料中罗非鱼加工副产物添加水平的增加,杂交罗非鱼的增重率、特定生长率、饲料系数以及蛋白质效率都没有受到显著性的影响;伴随着饲料中罗非鱼加工副产物水平的上升,内脏比和肥满度分别呈现下降和上升趋势,但是在各饲料组之间肝体比不存在显著差异;杂交罗非鱼全鱼脂肪、灰份含量以及背部肌肉的灰份、蛋白、水分含量不受饲料中罗非鱼加工副产物添加水平的影响,而杂交罗非鱼全鱼的水分和蛋白含量却受到显著性影响,其中水分含量虽然在各实验饲料组之间存在差异,但是没有呈现特定的变化趋势。当着饲料中罗非鱼加工副产物添加水平上升到40%时,全鱼的蛋白含量和背部肌肉的脂肪含量相对与对照组分别呈现显著上升和下降。本实验的研究结果表明,在饲料中添加罗非鱼加工副产物不会对杂交罗非鱼生长、肝体比以及体成分(脂肪和灰分含量)产生负面的影响。
Two animal protein sources such as meat and bone meal, fish(hybrid tilapia) by-product were measured on juvenile hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus×O.aureus).In the research,Two experimental diets were desined.Both isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated to contain seven graded levels of animal protein sources(meat and bone meal and fish by-product) respectively, such as 0, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 30%, 40%. In control groups, cottonseed meal, rapeseed meal, soybean meal and peanut meal were used as protein souces, and fish oil and soybean oil were mixed 1:1 as lipidic souces. Juvenile hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus×O.aureus) mean were fed with two experimental diets for a 8-week period in the non-indoor cuture system, and study the effect of different concentration of meat and bone meal and fish by-product in diets on growth, feed utilization, body composition and morphological indexes for juvenile hybrid tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus×O. aureu). in order to determined the optimum level of meat and bone meal and fish by-product can be included in diets.
The results can bebriefly summarized as follows:
1. Compared to control group, fish fed diets in which 10% of meat and bone meal showed equivalent final body weight, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate and protein efficiency ratio. However, increasing replacement level of SBM protein by meat and bone meal up to 10%, the final body weight, weight gain, pecific growth rate and protein efficiency ratio were singnificantly affected, with the final body weight, weight gain, pecific growth rate and protein efficiency ratio declined, and feed conversion ratio increased. With the inclusion levels of meat and bone meal increased, the morphological indexes such as viscerasomatic index, condition factor, and hepatosomatic index were not significantly affected. No significant differences were observed in the fat, ash content of whole body and ash, moisture content of dorsal muscle, regardless of dietary treatment; while the moisture, protein content of whole body were significantly effeced, the moisture content of whole body was significantly among the tested diets with no special trend. Fat content of dorsal muscle significantly decreased with the inclusion levels of met and bone meal increased. The results obtained showed that meat and bone meal can be utilized in hybrid tilapia diets a levels up to 10% (diet 10%) without negative effects on growth, morphological indexes and body composition (i.e., fat and ash content).
2. The result of this study showed that fish fed the tested diets showed equivalent final body weight, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate and protein efficiency ratio.With the inclusion levels of fish (hybrid tilapia) by-preduct increased, the morphological indexes such as viscerasomatic index, condition factor showed a declined trend and increased trend, respectively, and hepatosomatic index were not significantly affected among the tested diets. No significant differences were observed in the fat, ash content of whole body and ash, moisture content of dorsal muscle, regardless of dietary treatment; while the moisture, protein content of whole body were significantly effeced, the moisture content of whole body was significantly between the tested diets with no special trend.When the inclution of fish by-preduct in the diets up to 40%, the protein content of whole body and fat content of dorsal muscle were significanly increased and decreased.The results obtained showed that the fish(hybrid tilapia) by-product can be utilized in hybrid tilapia diets a levels up to 40% (diet 100%) without negative effects on growth, hepatosomatic index and body composition (i.e., fat and ash content).
实验结果如下:
1.当饲料中肉骨粉的添加水平为10%时,在增重率、终体重、饲料系数、特定生长率以及蛋白质效率和对照组没有显著性差异(P>0.05);但是,当饲料中肉骨粉的添加水平高于10%时,增重率、终体重、蛋白质效率、特定生长率呈现下降的趋势,饲料系数呈现上升趋势。随着饲料中肉骨粉的添加水平的上升,不会对杂交罗非鱼肝体比,内脏比以及肥满度产生显著性影响;杂交罗非鱼全鱼脂肪、灰份含量以及背部肌肉的灰份、水分含量不受饲料中肉骨粉添加水平的影响。而饲料中肉骨粉添加水平对杂交罗非鱼全鱼的水分和蛋白含量的影响显著,其中水分含量虽然在各实验饲料组之间存在显著差异,但是没有呈现特定的变化趋势。伴随着饲料中肉骨粉添加水平的上升,背部肌肉的脂肪含量呈现下降趋势。本实验的研究结果表明,在杂交罗非鱼饲料中的添加量可以达到10%,不会对杂交罗非鱼生长、形态学指标以及体成分(脂肪含量和灰分含量)产生负面的影响。
2.随着饲料中罗非鱼加工副产物添加水平的增加,杂交罗非鱼的增重率、特定生长率、饲料系数以及蛋白质效率都没有受到显著性的影响;伴随着饲料中罗非鱼加工副产物水平的上升,内脏比和肥满度分别呈现下降和上升趋势,但是在各饲料组之间肝体比不存在显著差异;杂交罗非鱼全鱼脂肪、灰份含量以及背部肌肉的灰份、蛋白、水分含量不受饲料中罗非鱼加工副产物添加水平的影响,而杂交罗非鱼全鱼的水分和蛋白含量却受到显著性影响,其中水分含量虽然在各实验饲料组之间存在差异,但是没有呈现特定的变化趋势。当着饲料中罗非鱼加工副产物添加水平上升到40%时,全鱼的蛋白含量和背部肌肉的脂肪含量相对与对照组分别呈现显著上升和下降。本实验的研究结果表明,在饲料中添加罗非鱼加工副产物不会对杂交罗非鱼生长、肝体比以及体成分(脂肪和灰分含量)产生负面的影响。
Two animal protein sources such as meat and bone meal, fish(hybrid tilapia) by-product were measured on juvenile hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus×O.aureus).In the research,Two experimental diets were desined.Both isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated to contain seven graded levels of animal protein sources(meat and bone meal and fish by-product) respectively, such as 0, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 30%, 40%. In control groups, cottonseed meal, rapeseed meal, soybean meal and peanut meal were used as protein souces, and fish oil and soybean oil were mixed 1:1 as lipidic souces. Juvenile hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus×O.aureus) mean were fed with two experimental diets for a 8-week period in the non-indoor cuture system, and study the effect of different concentration of meat and bone meal and fish by-product in diets on growth, feed utilization, body composition and morphological indexes for juvenile hybrid tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus×O. aureu). in order to determined the optimum level of meat and bone meal and fish by-product can be included in diets.
The results can bebriefly summarized as follows:
1. Compared to control group, fish fed diets in which 10% of meat and bone meal showed equivalent final body weight, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate and protein efficiency ratio. However, increasing replacement level of SBM protein by meat and bone meal up to 10%, the final body weight, weight gain, pecific growth rate and protein efficiency ratio were singnificantly affected, with the final body weight, weight gain, pecific growth rate and protein efficiency ratio declined, and feed conversion ratio increased. With the inclusion levels of meat and bone meal increased, the morphological indexes such as viscerasomatic index, condition factor, and hepatosomatic index were not significantly affected. No significant differences were observed in the fat, ash content of whole body and ash, moisture content of dorsal muscle, regardless of dietary treatment; while the moisture, protein content of whole body were significantly effeced, the moisture content of whole body was significantly among the tested diets with no special trend. Fat content of dorsal muscle significantly decreased with the inclusion levels of met and bone meal increased. The results obtained showed that meat and bone meal can be utilized in hybrid tilapia diets a levels up to 10% (diet 10%) without negative effects on growth, morphological indexes and body composition (i.e., fat and ash content).
2. The result of this study showed that fish fed the tested diets showed equivalent final body weight, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate and protein efficiency ratio.With the inclusion levels of fish (hybrid tilapia) by-preduct increased, the morphological indexes such as viscerasomatic index, condition factor showed a declined trend and increased trend, respectively, and hepatosomatic index were not significantly affected among the tested diets. No significant differences were observed in the fat, ash content of whole body and ash, moisture content of dorsal muscle, regardless of dietary treatment; while the moisture, protein content of whole body were significantly effeced, the moisture content of whole body was significantly between the tested diets with no special trend.When the inclution of fish by-preduct in the diets up to 40%, the protein content of whole body and fat content of dorsal muscle were significanly increased and decreased.The results obtained showed that the fish(hybrid tilapia) by-product can be utilized in hybrid tilapia diets a levels up to 40% (diet 100%) without negative effects on growth, hepatosomatic index and body composition (i.e., fat and ash content).
引文
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