直升机着舰引导机舰适配性研究
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摘要
由于海上风浪与能见度等环境因素的影响,使得舰载直升机归航着舰难度增加,安全作业保障成为突出问题,因此,在夜间或低能见度条件下直升机着舰引导的机舰适配性研究显得尤为重要。
本论文从提高直升机着舰引导机舰适配性出发,以法国研制生产的直升机着舰引导装备——下滑横摇指示系统为研究对象,对其系统功能、组成以及基本工作原理进行了重点介绍,并对该系统存在的引导光束混杂问题和横摇信息指示模糊问题进行了深入分析,探讨解决上述问题的有效技术途径。
首先,通过对舰船运动引起的下滑引导光束空间位移的定量计算,以及对传统的点稳定控制方法的效果分析和局限性讨论,提出了下滑指示器的改进方案。下滑指示器采用凸透镜与凹透镜相结合的直筒式结构形式,并引入旋转与直线相结合的位移补偿机构对下滑引导光束的空间位移进行补偿,解决了下滑引导光束的混杂问题。其次,横摇指示器采用垂直基准灯杆与固定灯杆组合、运用LED阵列控制灯具的改进方案,引入舰船运动预报技术,设计了直升机甲板降落时机预报法,从而有效地解决了横摇角信息指示模糊问题。最后,以下滑横摇指示系统的实船安装位置数据为基础,运用ADAMS软件对下滑指示器改进方案的运动补偿机构功能,横摇指示器改进方案的垂直基准功能进行了仿真,验证了机构的可行性。
本论文为有效提高直升机着舰引导的机舰适配性,从上述三方面进行探索研究,为研制新型的下滑横摇指示系统积累了经验,提供了新的思路和方法。
Because of influence of the circumstance factor such as wave and visibility, the difficulty of guiding carrier helicopter landing on deck has increased, and working security become a significant problem. Therefore, the adaptation study about landing guide of the carrier helicopter at night or low visibility appeared especially central.
In this paper, in order to improve the adaptation about landing guide of the carrier helicopter, the gliding and rolling instructed system is studied, the system's function、form and basic working theory are introduced thoroughly to discuss the beam mixed problem and the reason of rolling information faint problem that exited, and the effective approach of solving those problems.
Firstly, the improve scheme is raised by quantitative calculation of the space movement of gliding indicate beam and discussion of the limitation of the traditional method—point stability. The light mixed problem was solved by the adoption of the straight canister structure form convex combined with concave mirror and by imported displacement make up framework of revolute linked with straight in gliding instructor. Secondly, rolling information faint problem was utility settled by improve scheme that adopted perpendicularity reference integrated with fixed light-pole and LED light, and by designed helicopter landing time prediction approach that imported ship motion prediction technic. Finally, based on the data where gliding and rolling instructor setted, ADAMS is used to model and emulation.
In order to improve the adaptation about landing guide of the carrier helicopter effectively, calculating the experience to newly gliding and rolling instructed system from studing on the three parts upside, at the same time, provide the new train of thoughts and methods.
本论文从提高直升机着舰引导机舰适配性出发,以法国研制生产的直升机着舰引导装备——下滑横摇指示系统为研究对象,对其系统功能、组成以及基本工作原理进行了重点介绍,并对该系统存在的引导光束混杂问题和横摇信息指示模糊问题进行了深入分析,探讨解决上述问题的有效技术途径。
首先,通过对舰船运动引起的下滑引导光束空间位移的定量计算,以及对传统的点稳定控制方法的效果分析和局限性讨论,提出了下滑指示器的改进方案。下滑指示器采用凸透镜与凹透镜相结合的直筒式结构形式,并引入旋转与直线相结合的位移补偿机构对下滑引导光束的空间位移进行补偿,解决了下滑引导光束的混杂问题。其次,横摇指示器采用垂直基准灯杆与固定灯杆组合、运用LED阵列控制灯具的改进方案,引入舰船运动预报技术,设计了直升机甲板降落时机预报法,从而有效地解决了横摇角信息指示模糊问题。最后,以下滑横摇指示系统的实船安装位置数据为基础,运用ADAMS软件对下滑指示器改进方案的运动补偿机构功能,横摇指示器改进方案的垂直基准功能进行了仿真,验证了机构的可行性。
本论文为有效提高直升机着舰引导的机舰适配性,从上述三方面进行探索研究,为研制新型的下滑横摇指示系统积累了经验,提供了新的思路和方法。
Because of influence of the circumstance factor such as wave and visibility, the difficulty of guiding carrier helicopter landing on deck has increased, and working security become a significant problem. Therefore, the adaptation study about landing guide of the carrier helicopter at night or low visibility appeared especially central.
In this paper, in order to improve the adaptation about landing guide of the carrier helicopter, the gliding and rolling instructed system is studied, the system's function、form and basic working theory are introduced thoroughly to discuss the beam mixed problem and the reason of rolling information faint problem that exited, and the effective approach of solving those problems.
Firstly, the improve scheme is raised by quantitative calculation of the space movement of gliding indicate beam and discussion of the limitation of the traditional method—point stability. The light mixed problem was solved by the adoption of the straight canister structure form convex combined with concave mirror and by imported displacement make up framework of revolute linked with straight in gliding instructor. Secondly, rolling information faint problem was utility settled by improve scheme that adopted perpendicularity reference integrated with fixed light-pole and LED light, and by designed helicopter landing time prediction approach that imported ship motion prediction technic. Finally, based on the data where gliding and rolling instructor setted, ADAMS is used to model and emulation.
In order to improve the adaptation about landing guide of the carrier helicopter effectively, calculating the experience to newly gliding and rolling instructed system from studing on the three parts upside, at the same time, provide the new train of thoughts and methods.
引文
[1]石明,屈香菊,王萌辉.甲板运动对舰载机人工着舰的影响和补偿.飞行力学.2006(3):5-8页
[2]宋连龙.基于舰船运动预报的舰载机着舰指导系统研究.哈尔滨工程大学硕士论文.2005
[3]姜广文.舰载机灯光引导系统仿真转台的研究.哈尔滨工程大学硕士论文.2002
[4]甄文平.并联式六自由度平台的研究与设计.北京航空航天大学硕士论文.2004
[5]现代时间序列分析方法及其实用计算机程序.大连海事大学出版社,1996
[6]杨一栋.舰载飞机的着舰控制.国际航空,1993(9)
[7]洪维权.国外舰载飞机技术汇编.南京航空航天大学,1992(10)
[8]章卫国,王新民,刘长林.舰载飞机纵向自动控制系统研究,西北工业大学学报.1996(11)
[9]石爱国,杨宝璋,周立鑫.可供实用的舰船风浪中摇荡时历预报的模式.海军工程大学学报.2001(4)
[10]彭秀艳,尹中凤,高奇峰.船舶运动预报仿真系统设计.仪器仪表学报.2005(8):456-457页
[11]朱耘,韩根甲.航空母舰飞机光电助降系统.舰船光学,2002(12):15-18页
[12]蔡烽,侯建军,万林,石爱国,杨宝璋.提高直升机起降海情的频域时域综合预报模式.船舶工程.2003(2):15-20页
[13]北川源四郎.现代时间序列分析方法及其实用计算机程序.大连海事大学出版社,1996
[14]赵希人,彭秀艳,沈艳,谢美萍.舰船运动极短期建模预报的研究现状.船舶工程.2002(3):4-8页
[15]罗先震.舰载飞机着舰下滑轨迹控制和分析.飞行力学.1993(9):31-41页
[16]静海.舰船知识.中国造船工程学会出版社,2003(10):24-26页
[17]赵希人,彭秀艳,吕淑萍,魏纳新.具有艏前波观测量的大型舰船姿态运动极短期预报.系统仿真学报.2002(6):809-814页
[18]罗建军,杨琦.精讲多练MATLAB.第一版.西安交通大学出版社,2002(8)
[19]徐彤敏.舰载直升机下滑引导光束控制规律研究与实现.哈尔滨工程大学硕士论文.1990
[20]辛洪兵,余跃庆.平面五杆并联机器人运动学导论.第一版.国防工业出版社,2007(1)
[21]周淑秋,赵希人.舰船航态极短期预报的非线性方法.哈尔滨工程大学学报.1996(12):1-7页
[22]宋竞正,秦洪德.最优化方法在船舶运动预报中的应用.哈尔滨工程大学学报.2000(8):1-4页
[23]任慧龙.非线性波浪载荷与船体极限强度.哈尔滨工程大学,1995
[24]解可新,韩立兴,林友联.最优化方法.天津大学出版社,1997
[25]戴遗山,顾懋样,王太舒.船舶适航性计算方法(五个自由度的运动).船工科技.1978(1):18-26页
[26]朱大勇,莫文凯.航母飞机着舰引导与姿态监视技术新进展.激光杂志.1999(5):4-6页
[27]贾忠湖,高永.航母纵摇对舰载机弹射起飞的限制研究.飞行力学.2002
[28]李子富,杨盐生.船舶在规则波纵摇与升沉运动的仿真.大连海事大学学报.2002(4)
[29]丁勇,李积德.船舶减纵摇试验研究.中国造船.1997(4)
[30]邓自立.卡尔曼滤波与维纳滤波.现代时间序列分析法.哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2000(8)
[31]李殿璞.船舶运动与建模.哈尔滨工程大学出版社,1999
[32]Shinys,Chung J S,Linw Metal.Dynamic loadings for structural analysis of fine form container ship based on a non-linear large amplitude motioos and loads method,Trans Sname,1997:127-154P
[33]Hachmannd.Calculation of pressures on a ship's hull in waves.Ship Technology Research 1991,38:111-133P
[34]Toichi Fukasawa.On the numerical time integration method of nonlinear equations for ship motions and waves loads in oblique waves.1990(167):69-79P
[35]Kaplan P.A study of prediction techniques for aircraft carrier motion at sea.AIAA 6th Aerospace Sciences Meeting,1968:68-123P,1-16P
[36]Damonte R.,Figeri M.,Porcari R.Ultimate bending moment of ship hull girder,int.Shipbuilding Progress,Vol.44,No.440P
[37]An analysis of carrier landing.AIAA:65-791P
[38]Robert L.,Fortenbaugh.Practical integration of direct lift control into automatic carrier landing system.AIAA:72-873P
[39]Robert K.Heffley.Terminal control factors for the carrier landing task.AIAA:86-2251P
[40]A study of prediction techniques for aircraft carrier motion at sea.Journalof Hydronautics.1969:121-131P
[41]Breslin.Deterministic evaluation of motions of marine craft in irregular seas.NavalHydrodynamics ONR Publication:101-112P
[2]宋连龙.基于舰船运动预报的舰载机着舰指导系统研究.哈尔滨工程大学硕士论文.2005
[3]姜广文.舰载机灯光引导系统仿真转台的研究.哈尔滨工程大学硕士论文.2002
[4]甄文平.并联式六自由度平台的研究与设计.北京航空航天大学硕士论文.2004
[5]现代时间序列分析方法及其实用计算机程序.大连海事大学出版社,1996
[6]杨一栋.舰载飞机的着舰控制.国际航空,1993(9)
[7]洪维权.国外舰载飞机技术汇编.南京航空航天大学,1992(10)
[8]章卫国,王新民,刘长林.舰载飞机纵向自动控制系统研究,西北工业大学学报.1996(11)
[9]石爱国,杨宝璋,周立鑫.可供实用的舰船风浪中摇荡时历预报的模式.海军工程大学学报.2001(4)
[10]彭秀艳,尹中凤,高奇峰.船舶运动预报仿真系统设计.仪器仪表学报.2005(8):456-457页
[11]朱耘,韩根甲.航空母舰飞机光电助降系统.舰船光学,2002(12):15-18页
[12]蔡烽,侯建军,万林,石爱国,杨宝璋.提高直升机起降海情的频域时域综合预报模式.船舶工程.2003(2):15-20页
[13]北川源四郎.现代时间序列分析方法及其实用计算机程序.大连海事大学出版社,1996
[14]赵希人,彭秀艳,沈艳,谢美萍.舰船运动极短期建模预报的研究现状.船舶工程.2002(3):4-8页
[15]罗先震.舰载飞机着舰下滑轨迹控制和分析.飞行力学.1993(9):31-41页
[16]静海.舰船知识.中国造船工程学会出版社,2003(10):24-26页
[17]赵希人,彭秀艳,吕淑萍,魏纳新.具有艏前波观测量的大型舰船姿态运动极短期预报.系统仿真学报.2002(6):809-814页
[18]罗建军,杨琦.精讲多练MATLAB.第一版.西安交通大学出版社,2002(8)
[19]徐彤敏.舰载直升机下滑引导光束控制规律研究与实现.哈尔滨工程大学硕士论文.1990
[20]辛洪兵,余跃庆.平面五杆并联机器人运动学导论.第一版.国防工业出版社,2007(1)
[21]周淑秋,赵希人.舰船航态极短期预报的非线性方法.哈尔滨工程大学学报.1996(12):1-7页
[22]宋竞正,秦洪德.最优化方法在船舶运动预报中的应用.哈尔滨工程大学学报.2000(8):1-4页
[23]任慧龙.非线性波浪载荷与船体极限强度.哈尔滨工程大学,1995
[24]解可新,韩立兴,林友联.最优化方法.天津大学出版社,1997
[25]戴遗山,顾懋样,王太舒.船舶适航性计算方法(五个自由度的运动).船工科技.1978(1):18-26页
[26]朱大勇,莫文凯.航母飞机着舰引导与姿态监视技术新进展.激光杂志.1999(5):4-6页
[27]贾忠湖,高永.航母纵摇对舰载机弹射起飞的限制研究.飞行力学.2002
[28]李子富,杨盐生.船舶在规则波纵摇与升沉运动的仿真.大连海事大学学报.2002(4)
[29]丁勇,李积德.船舶减纵摇试验研究.中国造船.1997(4)
[30]邓自立.卡尔曼滤波与维纳滤波.现代时间序列分析法.哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2000(8)
[31]李殿璞.船舶运动与建模.哈尔滨工程大学出版社,1999
[32]Shinys,Chung J S,Linw Metal.Dynamic loadings for structural analysis of fine form container ship based on a non-linear large amplitude motioos and loads method,Trans Sname,1997:127-154P
[33]Hachmannd.Calculation of pressures on a ship's hull in waves.Ship Technology Research 1991,38:111-133P
[34]Toichi Fukasawa.On the numerical time integration method of nonlinear equations for ship motions and waves loads in oblique waves.1990(167):69-79P
[35]Kaplan P.A study of prediction techniques for aircraft carrier motion at sea.AIAA 6th Aerospace Sciences Meeting,1968:68-123P,1-16P
[36]Damonte R.,Figeri M.,Porcari R.Ultimate bending moment of ship hull girder,int.Shipbuilding Progress,Vol.44,No.440P
[37]An analysis of carrier landing.AIAA:65-791P
[38]Robert L.,Fortenbaugh.Practical integration of direct lift control into automatic carrier landing system.AIAA:72-873P
[39]Robert K.Heffley.Terminal control factors for the carrier landing task.AIAA:86-2251P
[40]A study of prediction techniques for aircraft carrier motion at sea.Journalof Hydronautics.1969:121-131P
[41]Breslin.Deterministic evaluation of motions of marine craft in irregular seas.NavalHydrodynamics ONR Publication:101-112P
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