基于环保约束的城市客运交通结构优化方法研究
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摘要
随着国民经济的迅速发展、城市化与工业化进程的不断加快,城市交通需求急剧增加,导致城市交通环境质量日趋恶化,城市交通问题已经成为城市经济发展、人民生活水平进一步提高的制约因素。本文在综合分析城市客运交通结构及其内外影响因素的基础上,通过对国内外一些城市客运交通结构优化模型的重新审视,提出了在当前城市道路交通承载力、环境承载力和生态承载力不大的情况下实现城市客运交通的可持续发展目标,比较有效的合理优化交通方式结构的新方法-基于环保约束的城市客运交通结构优化模型。
本文介绍了城市客运方式构成特点,通过城市客运交通结构内外影响因素的分析,为我国城市客运交通结构优化提供了基础。通过对既有的交通结构优化模型的分析,建立了基于环保约束的城市客运交通结构优化模型,该模型以总的客运交通供给最大、在许可生态足迹范围内交通活动的生态足迹最小为优化目标,以居民的出行需求、可达性、环境容量、道路资源、交通能耗、各交通方式的发展规模等为约束条件,并以长春市2020年的客运交通结构优化为实例,对模型的有效性进行了验证。最后,根据实证分析的结果,在借鉴国内外经验教训的基础上,提出了实现我国大城市客运交通结构优化的具体措施和途径。
To speed up the process of urbanization our country makes urban transport problems increasingly conspicuous, urban transport sustainable development becomes a key issue of urban sustainable development, with the expense of the environment and resources to solve the traffic problem is a big misunderstanding of the construction of urban traffic. The experience of developed countries have proved that the growth of traffic supply can not always meet growth of transport in demand, urban transport system must find a reasonable, balanced and sustainable development objectives and modalities. To establish a sustainable development of urban transport modes and its security system with the goal of solution to traffic congestion and improve the quality of the environment, optimizing the use of resources, has great significance to our country's urban transport and urban economic development.
Under the guidance of sustainable development and sustainable theoretical thinking of urban transport, this paper comparative analysis of the characteristics of each mode of transportation; Elaborate on structural optimization of urban passenger transport theory; Introduced both within and outside factors of the structure of urban passenger transport, the positioning of the passenger transport system and its adaptive capacity are determined by the specific thesis of these factors: the environmental problems, transport, transport infrastructure, as well as residents of mental travel behavior, customs and standards of living and other factors, and these factors fall into two categories to make correlation analysis, which are in the premise of structural optimization of urban passenger traffic; Comparative analysis to domestic and international passenger traffic in some optimization model of the structure, based on the ecology theory, considering the ecological limits of the constraints and to meet traffic demand, the largest reduction in the level of environmental pollution and resource consumption caused by the normal operation of traffic system, also make an urban passenger transport model for structural optimization based on environmental constraints; Combine the lessons learned from large cities at home and abroad and the actual situation of China's cities, some strategies and recommendations for the optimized structure of urban passenger transport are given out.
This paper is divided into six chapters, the main contents of each chapter summarizes as follows:
Chapter one, introduced the research background, purpose and significance of the thesis. Summarizes the research and development trend about current status at home and abroad. Provides an overview of the main research content, technical line and research methods.
Chapter two, this chapter describes optimization theory of urban passenger transport structure, analysis of the different characteristics of structural optimization methods, and on this basis analysis related theoretical of structural optimization of passenger traffic based on environmental constraints.
Chapter three, this chapter analyzes the influence factors of city passenger transport structure. External influencing factors including: transport policy, environmental capacity, the impact of vehicle technology and internal factors: transport infrastructure, transport mode characteristics of the participants, traffic analysis and so on, it's a prerequisite for urban passenger transport structural optimization in our country.
Chapter four, this chapter built the optimization model of the structure of passenger traffic based on the environmental constraints through the comparative analysis of both the advantages and disadvantages of structure optimization model. In addition, a detailed analysis of the concept of ecological footprint of transport and the method of calculating is given out, also made a good theoretical basis for example.
Chapter five, carried out analysis of Changchun City, for a calculation example, also proved the feasibility and effectiveness of the model. On the basis of empirical analysis, and with the successful experience in structural optimization of traffic about large cities at home and abroad, combined with the actual situation of our country's cities, a number of recommendations and strategy of optimize the structure of passenger traffic are given to large cities.
Chapter six, the conclusion and expectation. Summarizes the main contents of this article, and issues for further innovation and research.
During the course of the study of, this papers focus on merit-based disposable poor, learn from each other, a combination of qualitative and quantitative, and the novelty of this paper is mainly reflected in:
1. The concept of ecological footprint is applied to the structure of urban passenger transportation analysis and study, from which established the urban passenger transport model for structural optimization based on the environmental constraints.
2. After repeated scrutiny and verification, made a more systematic method summary of passenger traffic optimization model based on the environmental constraints.
Structural optimization of the passenger traffic based on environmental constraints is aimed at the construction of convenient, safe, efficient, low pollution, the beauty of the landscape, ecological and environmental protection, public transport which is conductive to the diversification of the urban transportation system, for the purpose of promote the urban traffic and the coordinated development of urban construction, traffic efficiency, the protection of historical and cultural city of the traditional style, also the urban environment purification. The core of which is traffic accessible, orderly, and to participate in the transport system scalability. Its overall development objective is to establish a reasonable mode of transport, which can provide fast and comfortable travel conditions for the socio-economic development, meeting the transport demand, while minimizing environmental pollution and damage to truly improve the lives of human beings quality, promoting the city becomes the ideal of harmonious living environment with its own cultural characteristics between the natural and the artificial co-ordination.
本文介绍了城市客运方式构成特点,通过城市客运交通结构内外影响因素的分析,为我国城市客运交通结构优化提供了基础。通过对既有的交通结构优化模型的分析,建立了基于环保约束的城市客运交通结构优化模型,该模型以总的客运交通供给最大、在许可生态足迹范围内交通活动的生态足迹最小为优化目标,以居民的出行需求、可达性、环境容量、道路资源、交通能耗、各交通方式的发展规模等为约束条件,并以长春市2020年的客运交通结构优化为实例,对模型的有效性进行了验证。最后,根据实证分析的结果,在借鉴国内外经验教训的基础上,提出了实现我国大城市客运交通结构优化的具体措施和途径。
To speed up the process of urbanization our country makes urban transport problems increasingly conspicuous, urban transport sustainable development becomes a key issue of urban sustainable development, with the expense of the environment and resources to solve the traffic problem is a big misunderstanding of the construction of urban traffic. The experience of developed countries have proved that the growth of traffic supply can not always meet growth of transport in demand, urban transport system must find a reasonable, balanced and sustainable development objectives and modalities. To establish a sustainable development of urban transport modes and its security system with the goal of solution to traffic congestion and improve the quality of the environment, optimizing the use of resources, has great significance to our country's urban transport and urban economic development.
Under the guidance of sustainable development and sustainable theoretical thinking of urban transport, this paper comparative analysis of the characteristics of each mode of transportation; Elaborate on structural optimization of urban passenger transport theory; Introduced both within and outside factors of the structure of urban passenger transport, the positioning of the passenger transport system and its adaptive capacity are determined by the specific thesis of these factors: the environmental problems, transport, transport infrastructure, as well as residents of mental travel behavior, customs and standards of living and other factors, and these factors fall into two categories to make correlation analysis, which are in the premise of structural optimization of urban passenger traffic; Comparative analysis to domestic and international passenger traffic in some optimization model of the structure, based on the ecology theory, considering the ecological limits of the constraints and to meet traffic demand, the largest reduction in the level of environmental pollution and resource consumption caused by the normal operation of traffic system, also make an urban passenger transport model for structural optimization based on environmental constraints; Combine the lessons learned from large cities at home and abroad and the actual situation of China's cities, some strategies and recommendations for the optimized structure of urban passenger transport are given out.
This paper is divided into six chapters, the main contents of each chapter summarizes as follows:
Chapter one, introduced the research background, purpose and significance of the thesis. Summarizes the research and development trend about current status at home and abroad. Provides an overview of the main research content, technical line and research methods.
Chapter two, this chapter describes optimization theory of urban passenger transport structure, analysis of the different characteristics of structural optimization methods, and on this basis analysis related theoretical of structural optimization of passenger traffic based on environmental constraints.
Chapter three, this chapter analyzes the influence factors of city passenger transport structure. External influencing factors including: transport policy, environmental capacity, the impact of vehicle technology and internal factors: transport infrastructure, transport mode characteristics of the participants, traffic analysis and so on, it's a prerequisite for urban passenger transport structural optimization in our country.
Chapter four, this chapter built the optimization model of the structure of passenger traffic based on the environmental constraints through the comparative analysis of both the advantages and disadvantages of structure optimization model. In addition, a detailed analysis of the concept of ecological footprint of transport and the method of calculating is given out, also made a good theoretical basis for example.
Chapter five, carried out analysis of Changchun City, for a calculation example, also proved the feasibility and effectiveness of the model. On the basis of empirical analysis, and with the successful experience in structural optimization of traffic about large cities at home and abroad, combined with the actual situation of our country's cities, a number of recommendations and strategy of optimize the structure of passenger traffic are given to large cities.
Chapter six, the conclusion and expectation. Summarizes the main contents of this article, and issues for further innovation and research.
During the course of the study of, this papers focus on merit-based disposable poor, learn from each other, a combination of qualitative and quantitative, and the novelty of this paper is mainly reflected in:
1. The concept of ecological footprint is applied to the structure of urban passenger transportation analysis and study, from which established the urban passenger transport model for structural optimization based on the environmental constraints.
2. After repeated scrutiny and verification, made a more systematic method summary of passenger traffic optimization model based on the environmental constraints.
Structural optimization of the passenger traffic based on environmental constraints is aimed at the construction of convenient, safe, efficient, low pollution, the beauty of the landscape, ecological and environmental protection, public transport which is conductive to the diversification of the urban transportation system, for the purpose of promote the urban traffic and the coordinated development of urban construction, traffic efficiency, the protection of historical and cultural city of the traditional style, also the urban environment purification. The core of which is traffic accessible, orderly, and to participate in the transport system scalability. Its overall development objective is to establish a reasonable mode of transport, which can provide fast and comfortable travel conditions for the socio-economic development, meeting the transport demand, while minimizing environmental pollution and damage to truly improve the lives of human beings quality, promoting the city becomes the ideal of harmonious living environment with its own cultural characteristics between the natural and the artificial co-ordination.
引文
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[21]Jan K. Brueckner*,Harris Selod. The political economy of urban transport-system choice. Journal of Public Economics,2006.
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[28]王会萍.可持续的大城市交通结构发展模式研究-以西安市为例[D].西北大学硕士学位论文,2004,17-20.
[29]刘灿齐.中国可持续发展与汽车普及化问题[J].交通环保,1999(2),12-15.
[30]詹运洲.城市客运交通政策研究及交通结构优化[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2001.
[31]刘洪营.城市客运交通结构评价、设计与优化研究[D].长安大学硕士学位论文,2003,68-75.
[32]胡兵.可持续发展的城市客运交通系统结构的研究[D].长安大学硕士学位论文,2006,21-36.
[33]肖进源.生态城市的主要特点[J].旅游快车,2001,51.
[34]复苏.时代青睐理想的环保车辆[J].科技之窗,2003,(10),33.
[35]王健.大城市客运交通方式结构预测[D].东南大学硕士学位论文,2006,5-16.
[36]谢辉.符合生态城市的城市客运交通结构研究[D].长沙理工大学硕士学位论文,2007,25-42.
[37]刘策,刘杰.空间环境生态学概论-住房环境与健康[M].上海:上海交通大学出版社,2000,63-80.
[38]姚猛,韦保仁.生态足迹分析方法研究进展[J].资源与产业,2008,(10,3),69-73.
[39]吕慎,田锋,李旭宏.我国大城市客运交通结构发展模式研究[J].土木工程学报,2003,(36,1),30-35.
[40]Wackernagel M,Rees W. Our ecological footprint: reducing human impact on the earth[M]. Gabriola Island: New Society Publishers, 1996.
[41]M.Wackernagel,L.Onisto,Bello Petal. National nature capital accounting with the ecological footprint concept. Ecological Economics, 1999.
[42]郭秀瑞,杨居荣,毛显强.城市生态足迹计算与分析-以广州为例[J].地理研究,2003,(22,5),654-662.
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[2]肖红波.大城市综合交通系统发展模式与评价指标体系研究[D].西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2007,1-2.
[3]顾尚华.我国大城市客运交通结构的发展模式浅析[J].交通与运输,2005,(4),41-42.
[4] Paolo Ferrari*. A model of urban transport management. Transportation Research Part B,1999.
[5] WANG Jifeng , LU Huapu , PENG Hu. System Dynamics Model of Urban Transportation System and Its Application. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology,2008.
[6]管菊香.基于生态交通的城市交通方式结构优化研究[D].武汉理工大学硕士学位论文,2007,3-5.
[7]徐永能.大城市公共客运交通系统结构演变机理与优化方法研究[D].东南大学博士学位论文,2006,19-22.
[8] Martin Molina,Josefa Hernandez,Jose Cuena. A structure of problem-solving methods for real-time decision support in traffic control. Int. J. Human-computer Studies,1998.
[9] Osman Hag-Elsafi , Sreenivas Alampalli* , Frank Owens. Computer-aided implementation of a new procedure for design of end-plates and base-plates for traffic support structures. Engineering Structures,2001.
[10]Bert van Wee*. Land use and transport: research and policy challenges. Journal of Transport Geography,2002.
[11]许庆健.试论城市客运交通的合理结构[J].城市交通,1999,(6),26-28.
[12]陈尚云.我国特大城市客运交通系统结构和发展战略研究[D].西南交通大学博士学位论文,2004,111-113.
[13]陆化普,王建伟,张鹏.基于能源消耗的城市交通结构优化[J].清华大学学报,2004,(44,3),383-386.
[14]吕慎,田锋,李旭宏.大城市客运交通结构优化模型研究[J].公路交通科技,2007,(24,7),117-120.
[15]惠无央.浅谈城市形态[J].山西建筑,2005,(31,18),30-32.
[16]杨明,谢辉.基于循环经济的城市客运交通结构优化模型[J].长沙理工大学学报,2006,(3,4),23-27.
[17]田振中.基于可持续发展的大城市客运交通结构研究[D].吉林大学硕士学位论文,2006,15-16.
[18]崔世华.城市生态交通规划理论与方法研究[D].长安大学硕士学位论文,2004,68-70.
[19]李晓燕,陈红.城市生态交通规划的理论框架[J].长安大学学报,2006,(26,1),79-82.
[20]Gilbert Laporte*,Juan A. Mesa,Francisco A. Ortega. Optimization methods for the planning of rapid transit systems. European Journal of Operational Research,2000.
[21]Jan K. Brueckner*,Harris Selod. The political economy of urban transport-system choice. Journal of Public Economics,2006.
[22]Annika Carlsson-Kanyama*,Anna-Lisa Linden. Travel patterns and environmental effects now and in the future: implications of differences in energy consumption among socio-economic groups implications of differences in energy consumption among socio-economic groups. Ecological Economics,1999.
[23]HUANG Zhaoyi. Some Theories and Methodology of Ecocity-Oriented Transportation Planning. Shanghai: Tongji University, 2000.
[24]李艳梅,张雷,杨涛.基于生态足迹方法的交通可持续发展研究[J].生产力研究,2007,(1),55-57.
[25]林锉云,董加礼.多目标优化的方法与理论[M].吉林:吉林教育出版社,1992.
[26]王远干.多目标线性规划模型的模糊数学解法[J].钦州学院学报,2008,(23,3),14-17.
[27]陆化普.解析城市交通[M].中国水利水电出版社,2001,9.
[28]王会萍.可持续的大城市交通结构发展模式研究-以西安市为例[D].西北大学硕士学位论文,2004,17-20.
[29]刘灿齐.中国可持续发展与汽车普及化问题[J].交通环保,1999(2),12-15.
[30]詹运洲.城市客运交通政策研究及交通结构优化[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2001.
[31]刘洪营.城市客运交通结构评价、设计与优化研究[D].长安大学硕士学位论文,2003,68-75.
[32]胡兵.可持续发展的城市客运交通系统结构的研究[D].长安大学硕士学位论文,2006,21-36.
[33]肖进源.生态城市的主要特点[J].旅游快车,2001,51.
[34]复苏.时代青睐理想的环保车辆[J].科技之窗,2003,(10),33.
[35]王健.大城市客运交通方式结构预测[D].东南大学硕士学位论文,2006,5-16.
[36]谢辉.符合生态城市的城市客运交通结构研究[D].长沙理工大学硕士学位论文,2007,25-42.
[37]刘策,刘杰.空间环境生态学概论-住房环境与健康[M].上海:上海交通大学出版社,2000,63-80.
[38]姚猛,韦保仁.生态足迹分析方法研究进展[J].资源与产业,2008,(10,3),69-73.
[39]吕慎,田锋,李旭宏.我国大城市客运交通结构发展模式研究[J].土木工程学报,2003,(36,1),30-35.
[40]Wackernagel M,Rees W. Our ecological footprint: reducing human impact on the earth[M]. Gabriola Island: New Society Publishers, 1996.
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