基于多域的去噪技术方法研究
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摘要
在地震资料处理中,地震资料的高信噪比是基础。没有一定的信噪比,高分辨率和高保真就不可能实现;没有一定的信噪比做保障,再先进的处理技术和方法都是枉然。随着石油勘探的不断发展,地震资料所要解决的问题也越来越深入,地质条件从地表到地下都越来越复杂,地震资料的处理重点也转向叠前。噪声种类繁多,不同的去噪方法通常都有其不同的针对性、适应性,没有一种方法对各种干扰都是有效的,因此消除各种干扰应采用多域内多种方法联合压制噪音。
文中对各种噪音产生的原因、干扰程度、发育程度及其类型、特点等,作了详尽的分析。针对地震资料中不同类型的噪音,具体分析它们在不同域中的特征与有效波之间的差异,使它们之间的差异在某一域内最大化,然后设计出合适的去噪算子进行信噪分离。文中依据这个原理,论证了一些去噪方法。改进了二维小波变换压制面波方法,较之常规的FK滤波能最大限度地保护了有效波;另外比较了KL变换, f ? x预测预测去噪,小波阈值去噪等随机噪声压制方法的优缺点。
选取具有典型噪音类型地区的地震资料运用多域多种去噪方法优化组合方法进行去噪处理,处理效果明显,提高了资料的信噪比。验证和说明了多域去噪的可行性和有效性。最后,对多域去噪技术进行了效果分析,并取得了一些认识。
The ratio of signal and noise is the basis in seismic data processin.High resolution and high fideliy couldn't realize without higher S/N ratio. And The processing technique and method is useless without that. especially noise elimination after stack. With the development of oil exploration, the problems to be solved turn esoteric, and geological conditions from the surface to underground is more and more complex. So seismic data processing have to focus on pre-stack. The kind of noise is variety. There are targeted and adapted to every method. Usually, different methods of noiseattenuation have different pertinence and adaptability. Without a method is valid to all kinds of noise. Therefore, the noise elimination should be processed in multi-domain.
In the paper, firstly, we have discussed the cause, the distributing, the degree of complex and the type of kinds of noise and especially, have discussed the characteristic of these noise in detail. Secondly, we have analyzed the peculiarity difference between noise and signal in multi-domain and amplify their difference in a domain. Then, we can design an arithmetic operator of noise suppression and realize the separation of signal and noise. And these methods of noise suppression have been demonstrated according to the theory of noise generation and characteristic. In this paper improves the menthod of surface wave suppression using 2-D wavelet transform. Compared with conventional FK filtering, the advantages of this method is to maximize maintain effective wave. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of the KL transform, f-x forecast de-noising, wavelet threshold de-noising was compared.
We have chosen the representative sismic data which include tpical noise from different area and processed them by using noise suppression technique in multi-domain and their combination.The effect of processing is obvioushly. And we reached the destination of improving S/N ratio.This indicate that the method is feasible and effectual. Finally, we have analyzed the whole effect to the technique of multi-domain noise elimination and obtained some understanding.
文中对各种噪音产生的原因、干扰程度、发育程度及其类型、特点等,作了详尽的分析。针对地震资料中不同类型的噪音,具体分析它们在不同域中的特征与有效波之间的差异,使它们之间的差异在某一域内最大化,然后设计出合适的去噪算子进行信噪分离。文中依据这个原理,论证了一些去噪方法。改进了二维小波变换压制面波方法,较之常规的FK滤波能最大限度地保护了有效波;另外比较了KL变换, f ? x预测预测去噪,小波阈值去噪等随机噪声压制方法的优缺点。
选取具有典型噪音类型地区的地震资料运用多域多种去噪方法优化组合方法进行去噪处理,处理效果明显,提高了资料的信噪比。验证和说明了多域去噪的可行性和有效性。最后,对多域去噪技术进行了效果分析,并取得了一些认识。
The ratio of signal and noise is the basis in seismic data processin.High resolution and high fideliy couldn't realize without higher S/N ratio. And The processing technique and method is useless without that. especially noise elimination after stack. With the development of oil exploration, the problems to be solved turn esoteric, and geological conditions from the surface to underground is more and more complex. So seismic data processing have to focus on pre-stack. The kind of noise is variety. There are targeted and adapted to every method. Usually, different methods of noiseattenuation have different pertinence and adaptability. Without a method is valid to all kinds of noise. Therefore, the noise elimination should be processed in multi-domain.
In the paper, firstly, we have discussed the cause, the distributing, the degree of complex and the type of kinds of noise and especially, have discussed the characteristic of these noise in detail. Secondly, we have analyzed the peculiarity difference between noise and signal in multi-domain and amplify their difference in a domain. Then, we can design an arithmetic operator of noise suppression and realize the separation of signal and noise. And these methods of noise suppression have been demonstrated according to the theory of noise generation and characteristic. In this paper improves the menthod of surface wave suppression using 2-D wavelet transform. Compared with conventional FK filtering, the advantages of this method is to maximize maintain effective wave. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of the KL transform, f-x forecast de-noising, wavelet threshold de-noising was compared.
We have chosen the representative sismic data which include tpical noise from different area and processed them by using noise suppression technique in multi-domain and their combination.The effect of processing is obvioushly. And we reached the destination of improving S/N ratio.This indicate that the method is feasible and effectual. Finally, we have analyzed the whole effect to the technique of multi-domain noise elimination and obtained some understanding.
引文
[1]中国石油天然气股份有限公司勘探与生产分公司编地震资料处理技术高级培训班教材,2002
[2]李庆忠.走向精确勘探的道路.石油工业出版社, 1994
[3]牟永光.地震勘探资料数字处理方法.石油工业出版社, 1981
[4]熊翥.中国西部地区物探工作的思考.石油地球物理勘探, 2000, 2
[5]张永刚.油气地球物理技术新进展—第二季度3届SEG年会论文概要.石油工业出版社,2004
[6]熊煮编著.《地震数据数字应用技术》.北京:石油工业出版社, 1993
[7]熊煮著.《复杂地区地震数据处理思路》.北京:石油工业出版社, 2002
[8]牟永光主编.《地震勘探资料数字处理方法》.石油工业出版社, 1986
[9]牛滨华,孙春岩,张中杰,等.多项式Radon变换.地球物理学报,2001,44(2):263-271.
[10]黄新武,吴律,牛滨华.基于抛物线拉东变换的地震道重构.中国矿业大学学报,2003,32(5):534-539
[11]苏贵士,周兴元,李承楚,频率空间(三维)F—XYZ域预测去噪技术,石油地球物理勘探,1998,33: (1)
[12]张贤达.现代信号处理[M].北京:清华大学出版社. 2002
[13] McFadden, P.D., Cook, J.G., and Forster, L.M., Decomposition of gear vibration signals by the generalized S-transform:Mech.Syst. Signal Process, 1999,13:691~707
[14]吴爱弟,牟永光.地震信号的小波包分解压噪方法.石油地球物理勘探, 1998,33(4)
[15]李世雄,刘家琦.小波变换和反演数学基础.地质出版社.
[16]许胜利,林正良,费永涛,刘宇.地震叠前线性干扰自动识别和压制技术.油气地质与采收率, 2005, 12(2):36~37
[17]夏洪瑞,周开明.地震资料处理中相干干扰消除方法分析.石油物探, 2003, 42(4):724~725
[18]甘启刚,彭大钧.叠前时空域线性干扰的衰减及应用.石油物探, 2004, 43(2):123~125
[19]夏洪瑞,郭庭超,周开明,陈德刚.均值加权消除相干干扰.石油物探,2000, 39(2):77~82
[20]王卫华.利用中值相关滤波预测相干信号.石油地球物理勘探, 2000, 35(3):273~282
[21]高少武,赵波,周兴元.自适用相干噪声衰减技术.石油地球物理勘探, 2003, 38(3):242~246
[22]李楠,屠志慧,刘微.山地低信噪比地震资料处理研究.天然气勘探与开发, 2007,30(1):24~26
[23]刘财,王典,杨宝俊,刘洋.二维小波变换在地震勘探面波消除中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2003,18(4):711~714
[24]张华,潘冬明,张兴岩.二维小波变换在去除面波干扰中的应用[J].石油物探,2007,46(2):174~150
[25]罗国安,杜世通.小波变换及信号重建在压制面波中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,1996,31(3):337~349
[26]牛滨华,吕景贵等.叠前面波干扰压制方法的研究与应用[J].现代地质,2001,15(3):326~332
[27]刘喜武,刘洪,郑天榆.用独立分量分析方法实现地震转换波与多次反射波分离[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2003,23(1) : 11-19
[28]吕文彪,伊成,张白林,田继东,李大卫.利用独立分量分析法去除地震噪声[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(2):132-136
[29]陆文凯,骆毅,赵波,钱忠平.基于独立分量分析的多次波自适用相减技术[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(5):886-891
[30]王在民,朱鹏飞,于浩叶,郭宏宪等.时频域自动识别与压制高频噪声.石油物理勘探, 2006,41(1):93~96
[31] Hemon C H , Mace D. Use of t he Karhunen-Loeve t ransformation in seismic data processing . Geophysical Prospecting ,1978 ,26 :600~626.
[32] Jones I.F., Levy S. Signal-to-noise ratio enhancement in multichannel seismic data via the Karhunen-Loeve transform .Geophysical Prospecting, 1987, 35: 12~32.
[33]付燕.人工地震信号去噪方法研究.西北工业大学博士论文,2002:77~79
[34]康冶,于承业,贾卧,王春梅.陈颖f-x域去噪方法研究.石油地球物理勘探,2003, 38(2): 136~138
[35]蔡加铭,周兴元,吴律.f-x域算子外推去噪技术研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,1999,34(3):325~331
[36] Hornbostel S.Spatial prediction filtering in the t-x and f-x domains[J] . Geophysics ,1991 ,56.
[37]国九英.叠前ω-x域算子外推法去噪[J].石油地球物理勘探,1995,30(4):487~494
[38]俞寿朋.地震信号的多项式拟合在偏移前资料处理中的应用[J].物探科技通报,1988, 6(1): 6~18.
[39]俞寿朋,蔡希铃.用地震信号多项式拟合提高叠加剖面信噪比[J].石油地球物理勘探, 1988, 23(2):131～139.
[40] Jansen,M., Bultheel, A., Multiple wavelet threshold estimation by generalized crossvalidation for images with correlated noise, IEEE Traps. on Image Processing,1999, Vol. 8, No. 7, pp: 947～953
[41] Johnstone, LM., Silverman, B.W., Wavelet threshold estimators for data withcorrelated noise, Journal of Royal Statistics Society Series, 1997, Vol. 59, pp:319～351
[42]周怀来.基于小波变换的地震信号去噪方法研究与应用.成都理工大学硕士学位论文,2006
[43] A. Cetin, R. Ansari, "Signal recovery from wavelet transform maxima", IEEE Trans. Signal Processing, 42(1), 1994
[44]邱庚香,熊彬,梁锦文.应用小波变换提高浅层地震记录分辨率[J].桂林工学院学报. 2003, 23(2): 159~164.
[45] Donoho D L. De_noising via soft-thresholding [J]. IEEE Trans on Information Theory , 1992 , 41 (3) : 613~627.
[46] Donoho, D.L., Johnstone, LM., Ideal spatial via wavelet shrinkage , Biometrika, 1994, pp: 425～455
[47]李庆武,陈小刚.小波阈值去噪的一种改进方法.光学技术,2006,32(6):831~833.
[48] Jian Y, Jing yu Y. Generalized K-L transform based combined feature extraction. Pattern Recognition ,2002 ,35 :295～297.
[49]张军华,吕宁,田连玉,陆文志.地震资料去噪方法j技术综合评述.地球物理学进展,2006,21(2):546～553
[50]宋玉龙.胜利油田地震勘探理论与实际.北京:石油工业出版社,2001.6:9～19
[2]李庆忠.走向精确勘探的道路.石油工业出版社, 1994
[3]牟永光.地震勘探资料数字处理方法.石油工业出版社, 1981
[4]熊翥.中国西部地区物探工作的思考.石油地球物理勘探, 2000, 2
[5]张永刚.油气地球物理技术新进展—第二季度3届SEG年会论文概要.石油工业出版社,2004
[6]熊煮编著.《地震数据数字应用技术》.北京:石油工业出版社, 1993
[7]熊煮著.《复杂地区地震数据处理思路》.北京:石油工业出版社, 2002
[8]牟永光主编.《地震勘探资料数字处理方法》.石油工业出版社, 1986
[9]牛滨华,孙春岩,张中杰,等.多项式Radon变换.地球物理学报,2001,44(2):263-271.
[10]黄新武,吴律,牛滨华.基于抛物线拉东变换的地震道重构.中国矿业大学学报,2003,32(5):534-539
[11]苏贵士,周兴元,李承楚,频率空间(三维)F—XYZ域预测去噪技术,石油地球物理勘探,1998,33: (1)
[12]张贤达.现代信号处理[M].北京:清华大学出版社. 2002
[13] McFadden, P.D., Cook, J.G., and Forster, L.M., Decomposition of gear vibration signals by the generalized S-transform:Mech.Syst. Signal Process, 1999,13:691~707
[14]吴爱弟,牟永光.地震信号的小波包分解压噪方法.石油地球物理勘探, 1998,33(4)
[15]李世雄,刘家琦.小波变换和反演数学基础.地质出版社.
[16]许胜利,林正良,费永涛,刘宇.地震叠前线性干扰自动识别和压制技术.油气地质与采收率, 2005, 12(2):36~37
[17]夏洪瑞,周开明.地震资料处理中相干干扰消除方法分析.石油物探, 2003, 42(4):724~725
[18]甘启刚,彭大钧.叠前时空域线性干扰的衰减及应用.石油物探, 2004, 43(2):123~125
[19]夏洪瑞,郭庭超,周开明,陈德刚.均值加权消除相干干扰.石油物探,2000, 39(2):77~82
[20]王卫华.利用中值相关滤波预测相干信号.石油地球物理勘探, 2000, 35(3):273~282
[21]高少武,赵波,周兴元.自适用相干噪声衰减技术.石油地球物理勘探, 2003, 38(3):242~246
[22]李楠,屠志慧,刘微.山地低信噪比地震资料处理研究.天然气勘探与开发, 2007,30(1):24~26
[23]刘财,王典,杨宝俊,刘洋.二维小波变换在地震勘探面波消除中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2003,18(4):711~714
[24]张华,潘冬明,张兴岩.二维小波变换在去除面波干扰中的应用[J].石油物探,2007,46(2):174~150
[25]罗国安,杜世通.小波变换及信号重建在压制面波中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,1996,31(3):337~349
[26]牛滨华,吕景贵等.叠前面波干扰压制方法的研究与应用[J].现代地质,2001,15(3):326~332
[27]刘喜武,刘洪,郑天榆.用独立分量分析方法实现地震转换波与多次反射波分离[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2003,23(1) : 11-19
[28]吕文彪,伊成,张白林,田继东,李大卫.利用独立分量分析法去除地震噪声[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(2):132-136
[29]陆文凯,骆毅,赵波,钱忠平.基于独立分量分析的多次波自适用相减技术[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(5):886-891
[30]王在民,朱鹏飞,于浩叶,郭宏宪等.时频域自动识别与压制高频噪声.石油物理勘探, 2006,41(1):93~96
[31] Hemon C H , Mace D. Use of t he Karhunen-Loeve t ransformation in seismic data processing . Geophysical Prospecting ,1978 ,26 :600~626.
[32] Jones I.F., Levy S. Signal-to-noise ratio enhancement in multichannel seismic data via the Karhunen-Loeve transform .Geophysical Prospecting, 1987, 35: 12~32.
[33]付燕.人工地震信号去噪方法研究.西北工业大学博士论文,2002:77~79
[34]康冶,于承业,贾卧,王春梅.陈颖f-x域去噪方法研究.石油地球物理勘探,2003, 38(2): 136~138
[35]蔡加铭,周兴元,吴律.f-x域算子外推去噪技术研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,1999,34(3):325~331
[36] Hornbostel S.Spatial prediction filtering in the t-x and f-x domains[J] . Geophysics ,1991 ,56.
[37]国九英.叠前ω-x域算子外推法去噪[J].石油地球物理勘探,1995,30(4):487~494
[38]俞寿朋.地震信号的多项式拟合在偏移前资料处理中的应用[J].物探科技通报,1988, 6(1): 6~18.
[39]俞寿朋,蔡希铃.用地震信号多项式拟合提高叠加剖面信噪比[J].石油地球物理勘探, 1988, 23(2):131～139.
[40] Jansen,M., Bultheel, A., Multiple wavelet threshold estimation by generalized crossvalidation for images with correlated noise, IEEE Traps. on Image Processing,1999, Vol. 8, No. 7, pp: 947～953
[41] Johnstone, LM., Silverman, B.W., Wavelet threshold estimators for data withcorrelated noise, Journal of Royal Statistics Society Series, 1997, Vol. 59, pp:319～351
[42]周怀来.基于小波变换的地震信号去噪方法研究与应用.成都理工大学硕士学位论文,2006
[43] A. Cetin, R. Ansari, "Signal recovery from wavelet transform maxima", IEEE Trans. Signal Processing, 42(1), 1994
[44]邱庚香,熊彬,梁锦文.应用小波变换提高浅层地震记录分辨率[J].桂林工学院学报. 2003, 23(2): 159~164.
[45] Donoho D L. De_noising via soft-thresholding [J]. IEEE Trans on Information Theory , 1992 , 41 (3) : 613~627.
[46] Donoho, D.L., Johnstone, LM., Ideal spatial via wavelet shrinkage , Biometrika, 1994, pp: 425～455
[47]李庆武,陈小刚.小波阈值去噪的一种改进方法.光学技术,2006,32(6):831~833.
[48] Jian Y, Jing yu Y. Generalized K-L transform based combined feature extraction. Pattern Recognition ,2002 ,35 :295～297.
[49]张军华,吕宁,田连玉,陆文志.地震资料去噪方法j技术综合评述.地球物理学进展,2006,21(2):546～553
[50]宋玉龙.胜利油田地震勘探理论与实际.北京:石油工业出版社,2001.6:9～19
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