开槽圆锯片减振降噪机理研究
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摘要
圆锯片的振动与噪声是造成环境噪声污染的一个重要因素。在过去的几十年里,人们致力于相关主题的研究,并掌握了一系列能够降低锯片振动和噪声的方法,其中包括:结构改进设计、切割过程的振动控制、阻尼层合锯片、槽孔锯片等。锯片开槽孔的最初目的是为了降低温度梯度引起的周向压缩热应力,实践证明,在锯片基体上开槽以及槽内填充阻尼材料对抑制振动与噪声有很好的效果。由于开槽锯片振动过程中复杂的力学、声学问题,人们对其振动与噪声特性机理的探讨较少。到目前为止,还没有精确的理论解释槽对锯片振动、阻尼以及噪声辐射的影响,成为该类型锯片结构设计的瓶颈。基于上述理由,本文采用数值分析以及实验验证方法研究开槽参数对锯片的振动与噪声特性影响机理,并提出开槽低噪声锯片的优化设计方法,从而为相关领域及锯片生产企业提供指导性建议。主要工作包括以下几个方面:
(1)基于薄板动力学理论,构建未开槽圆锯片振动控制方程,采用MATLAB求解未开槽圆锯片自由振动微分方程解,获得圆锯片固有频率,并同有限元数值解进行对比;针对锯片外缘开径向槽的动态特性,基于小参数摄动理论分析开不同边缘径向槽数时锯片的固有频率分布规律。
(2)针对基体开槽锯片的固有振动特性,将开槽结构分为径向槽和弧向槽两大类,确立影响锯片振动性能的主要槽参数(开槽位置、槽宽、槽长,槽的数量),采用有限元法研究槽参数的变化对锯片固有振动特性的影响。提出采用模态阻尼损耗因子作为锯片结构阻尼效果评价指标,基于模态应变能法计算不同槽参数圆锯片的模态阻尼损耗因子并进行对比分析。
(3)采用数值法研究点激励情况下未开槽圆锯片和开槽填充材料圆锯片的瞬态动力学特性,比较二者的振动响应及衰减历程,并通过锤击法实验验证数值分析的正确性。采用“移动载荷”技术模拟仿真未开槽、开槽、开槽填充材料3种类型锯片的负载切割动力学过程,获取槽两侧分布节点振动响应并进行对比,研究槽及槽内填充材料对振动的阻隔效果;选取未开槽和开槽锯片不同方位处的16个节点作为分析对象,研究两类锯片的振动响应。通过现场切割实验,提取不同锯片的噪声功率级并进行比较,验证上述数值分析的有效性。
(4)研究弹性波在介质分界面的传播特性,从波的阻断与耗散的角度阐明开槽及填充材料锯片减振降噪机理,同时基于弹性波传播理论定量计算并比较参数激励下槽内填充材料段对入射波的阻隔效果,为开槽低噪声锯片的设计提供新思路和理论依据。
(5)分析槽参数对锯片振动特性的影响,基于结构辐射声功率预估计算方法,以锯片基体开径向槽为例,将锯片上各质点振动速度平方和最小作为优化目标,将开槽位置、槽长、槽宽、开槽数量作为设计变量,实际锯片结构空间的限制作为约束条件,对开径向槽锯片结构参数进行优化分析,为开槽减振降噪锯片的优化设计提供了方向。
The vibration and noise of circular saw has been an important part that pollut the environment. In the past few decades, a lot of investigations were dedicated to these related subjects. A series of technology were grasped that can reduce vibration and noise, including structure improved design, vibration control in the process of cutting, damping circular saw blade etc. The initial purpose of slots and holes was to reduce the compressed thermal stress that is resulted from temperature gradient. Practice shows that slotting and filling materials effective way of reducing vibration and noise. However, because complex mechanical and acoustic problem exist in the progress of vibration of circular saw, the total and systematic researches on vibration and noise of circular saw blade with slots and filling materials have been still rather rare.Up to now, No accurate theory has been used to explain the effect of slot to circular saw blade. It becomes a bottleneck of this type of Saw’s innovation. Due to the above reasons, numerical analysis and experimental study have been conducted in this thesis, which stemmed from the mechanism of vibration and noise of circular saw.Through discussing the influence of slot parameters to vibration characteristic of circular saw, optimization method has been provided. The research provides theoretical guidance for relevant blades enterprises. The main work will be concluded as follows:
(1) The equation of vibration of circular saw blade without any slot is established in combination with plate kineties theory. Natural frequancy of free vibration on comman circular saw blade are calculated based on MATLAB program. The result compared with FEA. The dynamic characteristic of circular saw blades with radial slots on the outer edge are investigated. The distribution of natural frequency is studied based on small parameter perturbation theory.
(2) By taking vibration characteristic circular saw with matrix slots as the research object, which can be divided two categories: radial slots and annular slots. The parameters of slot affecting the performance of saw blade vibration by analyzing were identified which include the location, width, length and number of slots. The effect of slot parameters to natural characteristic is discussed by FEA method. By taking damping loss factor as a vibration damping evaluation, which were calculated based on modal strain energy method.
(3) The transient dynamic characteristic of common circular saw and saw blade with filling materials in slots is studied through FEA methods. The vibration response and attenuation history of two circulaw saw are compared. The results of FEA will be verified by hammering experimental.The numbered analog simulation in the progress of cutting on three different circular saw(without any slot, with slots, with filling materials in slots) are conducted by“moving load”technology.The response of circular saw are compared. In order to verify the effectiveness of FEA, cutting experiments are conducted. Through comparing noise power level of different circular saw, mechanism of vibration reduction has been clarified.
(4) Based on the charactetistics of propagation in the medium interface of blending wave.Mechanism of vibration and noise reduction on circular saw blades with slots and filling materials was expounded from the view of transmission interruption and dissipation of elastic wave. That study provided new ideas and theoretical basis from the design of circular saw blade.
(5) The influence of slot parameters to circular saw’s vibration has been discussed. The minimum square sum of vibration velocity of particle on circular saw is taked as the optimization target.Location of slots, length, width, and number of slots, are thought as the design variables. The restriction of the actual blade’s limitation of space is the constraint condition. Structural parameters are optimized through data flow analysis based on ANSYS finite element optimization module.The best circular saw that can produce low noise will be obtained.
(1)基于薄板动力学理论,构建未开槽圆锯片振动控制方程,采用MATLAB求解未开槽圆锯片自由振动微分方程解,获得圆锯片固有频率,并同有限元数值解进行对比;针对锯片外缘开径向槽的动态特性,基于小参数摄动理论分析开不同边缘径向槽数时锯片的固有频率分布规律。
(2)针对基体开槽锯片的固有振动特性,将开槽结构分为径向槽和弧向槽两大类,确立影响锯片振动性能的主要槽参数(开槽位置、槽宽、槽长,槽的数量),采用有限元法研究槽参数的变化对锯片固有振动特性的影响。提出采用模态阻尼损耗因子作为锯片结构阻尼效果评价指标,基于模态应变能法计算不同槽参数圆锯片的模态阻尼损耗因子并进行对比分析。
(3)采用数值法研究点激励情况下未开槽圆锯片和开槽填充材料圆锯片的瞬态动力学特性,比较二者的振动响应及衰减历程,并通过锤击法实验验证数值分析的正确性。采用“移动载荷”技术模拟仿真未开槽、开槽、开槽填充材料3种类型锯片的负载切割动力学过程,获取槽两侧分布节点振动响应并进行对比,研究槽及槽内填充材料对振动的阻隔效果;选取未开槽和开槽锯片不同方位处的16个节点作为分析对象,研究两类锯片的振动响应。通过现场切割实验,提取不同锯片的噪声功率级并进行比较,验证上述数值分析的有效性。
(4)研究弹性波在介质分界面的传播特性,从波的阻断与耗散的角度阐明开槽及填充材料锯片减振降噪机理,同时基于弹性波传播理论定量计算并比较参数激励下槽内填充材料段对入射波的阻隔效果,为开槽低噪声锯片的设计提供新思路和理论依据。
(5)分析槽参数对锯片振动特性的影响,基于结构辐射声功率预估计算方法,以锯片基体开径向槽为例,将锯片上各质点振动速度平方和最小作为优化目标,将开槽位置、槽长、槽宽、开槽数量作为设计变量,实际锯片结构空间的限制作为约束条件,对开径向槽锯片结构参数进行优化分析,为开槽减振降噪锯片的优化设计提供了方向。
The vibration and noise of circular saw has been an important part that pollut the environment. In the past few decades, a lot of investigations were dedicated to these related subjects. A series of technology were grasped that can reduce vibration and noise, including structure improved design, vibration control in the process of cutting, damping circular saw blade etc. The initial purpose of slots and holes was to reduce the compressed thermal stress that is resulted from temperature gradient. Practice shows that slotting and filling materials effective way of reducing vibration and noise. However, because complex mechanical and acoustic problem exist in the progress of vibration of circular saw, the total and systematic researches on vibration and noise of circular saw blade with slots and filling materials have been still rather rare.Up to now, No accurate theory has been used to explain the effect of slot to circular saw blade. It becomes a bottleneck of this type of Saw’s innovation. Due to the above reasons, numerical analysis and experimental study have been conducted in this thesis, which stemmed from the mechanism of vibration and noise of circular saw.Through discussing the influence of slot parameters to vibration characteristic of circular saw, optimization method has been provided. The research provides theoretical guidance for relevant blades enterprises. The main work will be concluded as follows:
(1) The equation of vibration of circular saw blade without any slot is established in combination with plate kineties theory. Natural frequancy of free vibration on comman circular saw blade are calculated based on MATLAB program. The result compared with FEA. The dynamic characteristic of circular saw blades with radial slots on the outer edge are investigated. The distribution of natural frequency is studied based on small parameter perturbation theory.
(2) By taking vibration characteristic circular saw with matrix slots as the research object, which can be divided two categories: radial slots and annular slots. The parameters of slot affecting the performance of saw blade vibration by analyzing were identified which include the location, width, length and number of slots. The effect of slot parameters to natural characteristic is discussed by FEA method. By taking damping loss factor as a vibration damping evaluation, which were calculated based on modal strain energy method.
(3) The transient dynamic characteristic of common circular saw and saw blade with filling materials in slots is studied through FEA methods. The vibration response and attenuation history of two circulaw saw are compared. The results of FEA will be verified by hammering experimental.The numbered analog simulation in the progress of cutting on three different circular saw(without any slot, with slots, with filling materials in slots) are conducted by“moving load”technology.The response of circular saw are compared. In order to verify the effectiveness of FEA, cutting experiments are conducted. Through comparing noise power level of different circular saw, mechanism of vibration reduction has been clarified.
(4) Based on the charactetistics of propagation in the medium interface of blending wave.Mechanism of vibration and noise reduction on circular saw blades with slots and filling materials was expounded from the view of transmission interruption and dissipation of elastic wave. That study provided new ideas and theoretical basis from the design of circular saw blade.
(5) The influence of slot parameters to circular saw’s vibration has been discussed. The minimum square sum of vibration velocity of particle on circular saw is taked as the optimization target.Location of slots, length, width, and number of slots, are thought as the design variables. The restriction of the actual blade’s limitation of space is the constraint condition. Structural parameters are optimized through data flow analysis based on ANSYS finite element optimization module.The best circular saw that can produce low noise will be obtained.
引文
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