试论崧泽文化的分期与类型
摘要
崧泽文化是长江下游地区重要的考古学文化之一,它因崧泽遗址中层墓地的发掘而得名,它的发现揭开了长江下游地区新石器时代考古的新局面。虽然崧泽文化是一个比较重要的考古学文化,但对这个文化的研究性文章还不是太多。随着考古工作的开展,崧泽文化的新材料越来越多,我们有必要对崧泽文化进行进一步的研究,对其分期与类型问题进行重新探讨。
本文将在以往考古发现与前人研究的基础上,把近年来长江下游地区发现的崧泽文化的遗存材料逐一进行或详或略的分析,并通过对典型陶器的分析,最终完成对崧泽文化分期的研究。
根据目前发表的考古资料,崧泽文化的分布范围较广,北至淮河南岸、南达钱塘江南岸、西抵太湖西部、东到长江三角洲地区。本文所讨论的崧泽文化的类型,主要是在分期的基础上,以发展阶段的同步为准则,通过崧泽文化分布区各遗址之间在陶器形式及组合上的差别来反映其文化内部的地域性差别,最终完成对崧泽文化的分类型研究。
Songze Culture is a Neolithic archaeological culture that located in the lower Yangtze region; this artcle is mainly about the research of stages and types of Songze culture.
This article is divided into four parts:
Part I: The simple introduction of the discovery and research about the Songze culture. The Shanghai Committee excavationed Shanghai Qingpu Songze site of archaeological in 1960 the custody, Since then, Changzhou in Jiangsu Province, Suzhou, Jiaxing, Zhejiang and other places have such remains that were found. In the 1974-1976, the Shanghai Committee excavationed Shanghai Qingpu Songze site of archaeological again.together with other Songze cultural sites, we enriched the culture material of Songze, we also understood such relics. It now appears that the results of the research have been published and can not cover a lot of new material. Songze middle of the cemetery does not mean that the phases of the whole culture phases Songze.
Part II: The phases of the Songze culture. First of all, on the sub-site; secondly, according to correspondence between the sites, we put Songze culture into 5 phases 7sections. Based on Nanhebang, Songze sub-sites, in combination with other sites, above comparative analysis of the evolution of pottery in addition to the typical sequence of study, we can study a whole other various sites at different times by paragraph to show changes in the stage. Songze culture can be divided into paragraph 5.
The 1st phase: One paragraph to Nanhebang, Songze one paragraph, one paragraph to Chuodun, paragraph one to Qiandixiang, Siqian Xiaodongmen, Xixi represented this phase.
The 2nd phase : It can be broken down into two sections to Nanhebang 2-3, Songze 2-3, Chuodun 2-3,Qingdun paragraph 2-3, paragraph 1 to Xujiawan, Fuquanshan 1, Qiandixiang 2, Nanlou 1, paragraph one to Caoxieshan, paragraph 1-2 to Dongshancun, Panjiatang 1, one paragraph to Xuzhuang, Qiucheng, Siqian 2.
The 3rd phase: Nanhebang4, Songze 4, Chuodun 4, Xujiawan2, paragraph 2 to Fuquanshan, Yaojiajuan 1, Guoxinhe, Shuangqiao, Weidun 1, Chuodun 4,Qiandixiang 3, Siqian 3, Nanlou 2, kaizhuang, Caoxieshan, qingdun2,Dafen2, Dongshancun 3, Panjiatang 2 , Xuzhuang 2. The 4th phase: It can be broken down into two sections to Nanhe Bang 5-6, 2-3 Tun Wei, Xujiawan paragraph 3-4, Yaojiajuan 2, Zhanglingshan, longnan, Weidun 2-3, the Qiandixiang 4,qingdun4, they represented the 4th phase.
The 5th phase: The Nanhebang 7, Dazhemiao, Tangmiaocun, Yaojiajuan 3, zhanglingshan.
Finally, we make the analysis of the typical potteries.
Part III: The classified research of Songze culture. Divide Songze culture into three types: Nanhebang type, Songze type, Xu Chichiawan type. the main characteristics of Nanhebang type is: Nanhebang type to rough reddish brown clay-based ceramics, the basic no ornamentation, prime-based noodle. Combination of various types of pottery are the basic tripod of this type, Ptilagrostis beans, bean stalk thick, plates, pots, cups, cans and so on, all kinds of artifacts and diverse patterns, a lot of runs has always through the development of this type, from the richness of artifacts on the type of view, Nanhebang type have most pottery in the three types. Nanhebang type’s foot tripod-shaped fin, cup-shaped beans does not appear in other types of pots, foot tripod-shaped has always through the development of Nanhebang type.
The main features of Songze type are: The type of Songze coarse reddish brown clay pottery and main types of decorations than the number of Nanhebang. Combination of basic pottery spade foot tripod-shaped, chisel-shaped foot tripod, Ptilagrostis beans, coarse handle beans, cans, cups, pots and so on, Songze adequate types of spade-shaped chisel-shaped foot-ding-ding and in larger quantities at the pottery in the accounted for a larger proportion, the other two types of spade-shaped chisel foot tripod and tripod-shaped feet in the proportion of the pottery is relatively small. Songze numerous types of cans, morphological diversity, have always through the development of this type, and many types of cans at the other two types don’t have. In addition, the types have a number of potteries that rare or not been found in other types of pottery, such as Gu, respect, spoon and so on.
The main characteristics of Xujiawan types are: The most of the potteries are clay-RPM potteries. Decoration of potteries with a large proportion, decoration, additional stack pattern, engraved patterns, patterns, such as convex edge. Combination of basic pottery spade foot tripod-shaped, chisel-shaped foot tripod, earthenware vessel, three full plates, Ptilagrostis beans, coarse handle beans, cups, cans and so on. From the above combination of the composition of objects, we can see that in addition to other types of major pottery, there are no other geographical types of pottery, these items mainly earthenware vessel and three feet, and these two types of artifacts are the main types of Chichiawan Xu characteristics.
Part IV: Conclusion.
本文将在以往考古发现与前人研究的基础上,把近年来长江下游地区发现的崧泽文化的遗存材料逐一进行或详或略的分析,并通过对典型陶器的分析,最终完成对崧泽文化分期的研究。
根据目前发表的考古资料,崧泽文化的分布范围较广,北至淮河南岸、南达钱塘江南岸、西抵太湖西部、东到长江三角洲地区。本文所讨论的崧泽文化的类型,主要是在分期的基础上,以发展阶段的同步为准则,通过崧泽文化分布区各遗址之间在陶器形式及组合上的差别来反映其文化内部的地域性差别,最终完成对崧泽文化的分类型研究。
Songze Culture is a Neolithic archaeological culture that located in the lower Yangtze region; this artcle is mainly about the research of stages and types of Songze culture.
This article is divided into four parts:
Part I: The simple introduction of the discovery and research about the Songze culture. The Shanghai Committee excavationed Shanghai Qingpu Songze site of archaeological in 1960 the custody, Since then, Changzhou in Jiangsu Province, Suzhou, Jiaxing, Zhejiang and other places have such remains that were found. In the 1974-1976, the Shanghai Committee excavationed Shanghai Qingpu Songze site of archaeological again.together with other Songze cultural sites, we enriched the culture material of Songze, we also understood such relics. It now appears that the results of the research have been published and can not cover a lot of new material. Songze middle of the cemetery does not mean that the phases of the whole culture phases Songze.
Part II: The phases of the Songze culture. First of all, on the sub-site; secondly, according to correspondence between the sites, we put Songze culture into 5 phases 7sections. Based on Nanhebang, Songze sub-sites, in combination with other sites, above comparative analysis of the evolution of pottery in addition to the typical sequence of study, we can study a whole other various sites at different times by paragraph to show changes in the stage. Songze culture can be divided into paragraph 5.
The 1st phase: One paragraph to Nanhebang, Songze one paragraph, one paragraph to Chuodun, paragraph one to Qiandixiang, Siqian Xiaodongmen, Xixi represented this phase.
The 2nd phase : It can be broken down into two sections to Nanhebang 2-3, Songze 2-3, Chuodun 2-3,Qingdun paragraph 2-3, paragraph 1 to Xujiawan, Fuquanshan 1, Qiandixiang 2, Nanlou 1, paragraph one to Caoxieshan, paragraph 1-2 to Dongshancun, Panjiatang 1, one paragraph to Xuzhuang, Qiucheng, Siqian 2.
The 3rd phase: Nanhebang4, Songze 4, Chuodun 4, Xujiawan2, paragraph 2 to Fuquanshan, Yaojiajuan 1, Guoxinhe, Shuangqiao, Weidun 1, Chuodun 4,Qiandixiang 3, Siqian 3, Nanlou 2, kaizhuang, Caoxieshan, qingdun2,Dafen2, Dongshancun 3, Panjiatang 2 , Xuzhuang 2. The 4th phase: It can be broken down into two sections to Nanhe Bang 5-6, 2-3 Tun Wei, Xujiawan paragraph 3-4, Yaojiajuan 2, Zhanglingshan, longnan, Weidun 2-3, the Qiandixiang 4,qingdun4, they represented the 4th phase.
The 5th phase: The Nanhebang 7, Dazhemiao, Tangmiaocun, Yaojiajuan 3, zhanglingshan.
Finally, we make the analysis of the typical potteries.
Part III: The classified research of Songze culture. Divide Songze culture into three types: Nanhebang type, Songze type, Xu Chichiawan type. the main characteristics of Nanhebang type is: Nanhebang type to rough reddish brown clay-based ceramics, the basic no ornamentation, prime-based noodle. Combination of various types of pottery are the basic tripod of this type, Ptilagrostis beans, bean stalk thick, plates, pots, cups, cans and so on, all kinds of artifacts and diverse patterns, a lot of runs has always through the development of this type, from the richness of artifacts on the type of view, Nanhebang type have most pottery in the three types. Nanhebang type’s foot tripod-shaped fin, cup-shaped beans does not appear in other types of pots, foot tripod-shaped has always through the development of Nanhebang type.
The main features of Songze type are: The type of Songze coarse reddish brown clay pottery and main types of decorations than the number of Nanhebang. Combination of basic pottery spade foot tripod-shaped, chisel-shaped foot tripod, Ptilagrostis beans, coarse handle beans, cans, cups, pots and so on, Songze adequate types of spade-shaped chisel-shaped foot-ding-ding and in larger quantities at the pottery in the accounted for a larger proportion, the other two types of spade-shaped chisel foot tripod and tripod-shaped feet in the proportion of the pottery is relatively small. Songze numerous types of cans, morphological diversity, have always through the development of this type, and many types of cans at the other two types don’t have. In addition, the types have a number of potteries that rare or not been found in other types of pottery, such as Gu, respect, spoon and so on.
The main characteristics of Xujiawan types are: The most of the potteries are clay-RPM potteries. Decoration of potteries with a large proportion, decoration, additional stack pattern, engraved patterns, patterns, such as convex edge. Combination of basic pottery spade foot tripod-shaped, chisel-shaped foot tripod, earthenware vessel, three full plates, Ptilagrostis beans, coarse handle beans, cups, cans and so on. From the above combination of the composition of objects, we can see that in addition to other types of major pottery, there are no other geographical types of pottery, these items mainly earthenware vessel and three feet, and these two types of artifacts are the main types of Chichiawan Xu characteristics.
Part IV: Conclusion.
引文
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[44]同[42],49页。
[45]同[43],42—46页。
[2] a,黄宣佩,张明华(上海市文物保管委员会).青浦县崧泽遗址第二次发掘[J].考古学报,1980(1):29—54. b,上海市文物保管委员会.崧泽——新石器时代遗址发掘报告[J].北京:文物出版社,1987.
[3]吴山菁.略论青莲岗文化[A].文物,1973(6):45-61.
[4]夏鼐.碳-14测定年代和中国史前考古学[A].考古,1977(4):217-232.
[5]汪遵国.太湖地区原始文化的分析[A].中国考古学会第一次年会论文集[C].1980:111-123.
[6]黄宣佩.略论崧泽文化的分期[A].中国考古学会第三次年会论文集(1981)[C].北京:文物出版社,1984:28-31.
[7]王仁湘.崧泽文化初论——兼论长江三角洲地区新石器文化相关问题[A].考古学集刊(4)[C].北京:文物出版社:22-55.
[8]赵辉.崧泽墓地随葬陶器的编年研究[A].东南文化,2000(3):11-24.
[9]刘斌.崧泽文化的分期及与良渚文化的关系[A].庆祝张忠培先生七十岁论文集[C].北京:科学出版社,1996:271-288.
[10]郭明.论崧泽文化的分期[A].东方博物(11):39-49.
[11]浙江文物考古研究所.南河浜—崧泽文化遗址发掘报告[J].北京:文物出版社,2005.
[12]同于[11],302页。
[13]苏州博物馆、张家港市文物管理委员会.江苏张家港市徐家湾新石器时代遗址[J].考古学报,1995(3):313-358.
[14]南京博物院、昆山县文化馆.江苏昆山绰墩遗址的调查与试掘[J].文物,1984(2):23-40.苏州博物馆、昆山市文物管理所.江苏昆山市绰墩发掘简报[J].东南文化,2000(1):40-55.苏州博物馆、昆山市文物管理所.江苏昆山市绰墩第二次发掘[J].东南文化,2000(1):23-40.
[15]南京博物院.江苏海安青墩遗址[J].考古学报,1983(2):147-187.
[16]浙江省文物考古研究所、海宁市博物馆.海宁达泽庙遗址的发掘[J].浙江省文物考古研究所学刊[C].杭州:长江出版社,1997:94-111.
[17]上海市文物管理委员会考古部.上海市松江县姚家圈遗址发掘简报[J]考古:2001(9):3-12.
[18]北京大学考古学系、浙江省文物考古研究所、日本上智大学.浙江省桐乡普安桥遗址发掘简报[J].文物:1998(4):61-74.
[19]上海文管会.上海松江县汤庙村遗址[J].考古,1985(7):584-594.
[20]南京博物院.江苏越城遗址的发掘[J].考古,1982(5):463-473.
[21]南京博物院.江苏吴县张陵山遗址发掘简报[J].文物资料丛刊(6)[C].北京:文物出版社,1982:25-35.
[22]南京博物院.江苏武进寺墩遗址的试掘[J].考古,1981(3):17-22.
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[44]同[42],49页。
[45]同[43],42—46页。