办公自动化系统中工作流流程监控的研究与实现
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摘要
办公自动化系统是利用先进的电子信息技术和现代办公设备组成的人机信息处理系统，实现各级部门之间办公信息的收集与处理、流动与共享，辅助领导和管理人员进行各种办公活动，最大限度地提高办公效率和办公质量，改善办公环境和条件，提高办公管理和决策的自动化、科学化水平。
近几年来，随着多媒体技术、网络技术的飞速发展，办公自动化也发展到了一个新的水平。但是在目前市面上流行的B／S模式的办公自动化系统，其工作原理是服务器在接收到客户端的请求之后，经过“运算”然后把结果用HTML的格式提交给客户端。可以看出在这种模式下服务器是无法主动把信息“推”给客户端的。这种方式不仅极大地耗费服务器的资源，而且很多重要的信息因为人为的疏忽而耽误。因此如何简单而准确地将服务器中的消息“即时推”给正确的在线用户，便成了办公自动化发展的一个方向。
本论文以高校办公自动化系统的设计过程为例，分析了基于工作流技术的办公自动化系统的设计思想、系统模型、体系结构以及Domino平台上即时消息提醒的Agent实现等内容。论文还就办公自动化、工作流、Agent系统的概念内涵及其目前的发展状况等内容进行了分析。
Office automation system (OAS for short) is a person-computer information processing system that composed of advanced electric information technology and modern times office equipments. It can make it real that office information can collected and processed, flowing and shared among departments. It helps the leaders and managers do his official affairs. Using OAS can furthest improve efficiency and quality of the office, the environment and conditions of office, and the roboticized and scientific level of the office management and decision-making.
With the quickly development of multimedia technique and Internet office automation has entered into a new level. But the work principles of the products that have been produced into B/S mode and are popular in market are when the server received a client's ask it deal with the question and return the result to the client in HTML. In this mode not only most of the resource of the server are used but also a lot of information are delayed for personal neglect. Thus, how to send the right message to the right client quickly and exactly has been a way of the modern office automation.
The paper takes the Office Automation System of a university as an example, introducing the design thought, the system model, the system structure and the Agent realization of the timely message reminding on Domino plan. It also introduces the conception and the recent development of the office automation, workflow and the technique of Agent.
近几年来，随着多媒体技术、网络技术的飞速发展，办公自动化也发展到了一个新的水平。但是在目前市面上流行的B／S模式的办公自动化系统，其工作原理是服务器在接收到客户端的请求之后，经过“运算”然后把结果用HTML的格式提交给客户端。可以看出在这种模式下服务器是无法主动把信息“推”给客户端的。这种方式不仅极大地耗费服务器的资源，而且很多重要的信息因为人为的疏忽而耽误。因此如何简单而准确地将服务器中的消息“即时推”给正确的在线用户，便成了办公自动化发展的一个方向。
本论文以高校办公自动化系统的设计过程为例，分析了基于工作流技术的办公自动化系统的设计思想、系统模型、体系结构以及Domino平台上即时消息提醒的Agent实现等内容。论文还就办公自动化、工作流、Agent系统的概念内涵及其目前的发展状况等内容进行了分析。
Office automation system (OAS for short) is a person-computer information processing system that composed of advanced electric information technology and modern times office equipments. It can make it real that office information can collected and processed, flowing and shared among departments. It helps the leaders and managers do his official affairs. Using OAS can furthest improve efficiency and quality of the office, the environment and conditions of office, and the roboticized and scientific level of the office management and decision-making.
With the quickly development of multimedia technique and Internet office automation has entered into a new level. But the work principles of the products that have been produced into B/S mode and are popular in market are when the server received a client's ask it deal with the question and return the result to the client in HTML. In this mode not only most of the resource of the server are used but also a lot of information are delayed for personal neglect. Thus, how to send the right message to the right client quickly and exactly has been a way of the modern office automation.
The paper takes the Office Automation System of a university as an example, introducing the design thought, the system model, the system structure and the Agent realization of the timely message reminding on Domino plan. It also introduces the conception and the recent development of the office automation, workflow and the technique of Agent.
引文
[1] 冀素琴．基于工作流技术的办公自动化研究．西安：西北大学计算机科学系．2001年5月
[2] 郑岩，郭京军，王振刚．采用Domino/Notes平台开发办公自动化系统．中国金融电脑．2000年第12期．40-41
[3] 李长树．中国办公自动化的理论与实践．上海：同济大学管理科学与工程．2000．8
[4] 范玉顺 主编．工作流管理技术基础．北京：清华大学出版社，施普林格出版社，2001年4月，28-30
[5] 叶立新，陈闳中，郑航，罗成平．基于工作流技术的OA系统模型．计算机工程与应用．2000,6.90-128
[6] Workflow Management Coalition. The workflow reference model. WFMC TCOO-1003,1994
[7] 汪涛等．工作流的现状和未来发展趋势．小型微型计算机系统．Vol.22 No.2,2001
[8] T.Smith.The Future of workflow Software.INFORM.50-51,Apdl 1993
[9] Workflow Management Coalition. Workflow management coalition terminology & glossary. WFMC TCOO-1011,1994
[10] 范玉顺 主编．工作流管理技术基础．北京：清华大学出版社，施普林格出版社，2001年4月，55-56
[11] 马献明，严小卫．工作流管理系统研究．广西师范大学学报(自然科学版)，Vol 19,No 2,2001
[12] 郭庆利．基于群件技术的网络办公自动化系统的设计与实现．西安：西北大学计算机软件与理论．2001,5
[13] 黄贵强．电信企业办公自动化系统设计与实现．西安：西安交通大学电子与信息工程系．2002．3
[14] 陈江东．办公自动化系统的系统分析，计算机系统应用，1998，10
[15] F Casati, S Ceri, B Pemici, et al Deriving Active Rules for Workflow Enactment Database and Expert Systems Applieation, 7th International Conf.DEXA' 96 Proceedings.-Berlin, Germany, Springer—vedag 1996:94—115
[16] 徐远超．Agent技术在基于Domino的WebOA中的应用研究．北京：北京航空航天大学2002.2
[17] Maes,P. Agents that Reduce Work and Information Overload. Communications of the ACM, 37((7), 31-40, 1994
[18] Hyacinth S.N wana.Software Agents:An Overview. Knowledge Engineering Review.Vol.11 .No.3.pp205-244.1996
[19] Michael Wooldridge & Nicholas R.Jennings. Intelligent Agents:Theory and Practice.Knowledge Engineering Review, Vol 10,No 2,pp.115-152,1995.
[20] Stan Franklin,Art Graesser.Is it an Agent,or just a Program?:A Taxonomy for Autonomous Agents. Third International Workshop on Agents Theories, Architectures, and Language, Springer-Velag,1996.
[21] Hewitt.C.Viewing Control Structuresas Pattemso fPassing Messages.Artificial Intelligence,8,No.3,pp323-36 4,1977
[22] Genesereth,M.R.& Ketchpel,S.P.,"Software Agents",Communicationgs of the ACM 37(7),48-53.1994
[23] Shoham Y.Agetnt—oriented programming.—Artificial Intelligence, 1993, 60(1), pp.51—92
[24] LiuHongZeng Construction Approach for Software Agents Using Components—Vol.24 No.3 ACM Software Engineering Notes
[25] ZhongzhiShi,WenPin Jiao、Qiujian Sheng, Agent-Oriented Software Methodolegy, Intelligent Information Processing Lab Institute of ComPuting Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Vol 2,No 3,1999.
[26] 周健、吴泉源等．一种基于分布式对象技术的Agent计算框架．计算机研究与发展，2000
[27] 李岳梅、孙守迁、潘云鹤·协同Agents设计中多主体冲突问题研究．计算机辅助设计与图形学学报，2002年2月，第14卷第2期
[28] Michael Wooldridge & Nicholas R.Jennings.Intelligeng Agents:Theory and Practice .Knowledge Engineering Review, Vol 10,No 2.115-152.1995
[29] Jacques Ferber.Multi—Agent System S:An Introduction to Artificial Intelligence、Addison Wesley Publishing Company. 1999
[30] G Q Huang,J Huang,K L Mak,Agent-based workflow management in collaborative product development on the intemet[J].Computer-Aided Design.2000(32):133-144.
[31] Y.Shoham "Agent-oriented programming" Artificial Intelligence,60 (1) 51-92.1993.
[32] 魏晓斌、周盛宗、Boris Bachmendo等．Agent通信机制探讨．计算机工程与应用，2002.05
[33] GQ. Huang, J. Huang, K.L Mak, Agent-based workflow management in collaborative product development on the Internet, Computer-Aided Design 2000(32): 133-144
[34] M.Wooldridge and P.Ciancarini .Agent-Oriented Software Engineering:The State of the Art.http://www.esc.liv.ae.uk/-mjw/pubs/aose2OOOa.ps.gz
[35] Stanford University CDR,JATLite,http://java.Stanford.edu/.
[36] IBM Tokyo Research Labs.http://www.trl.ibm.co.jp/aglets.
[37] 刘琼，杨红杰等．Agent与基于Agent系统．常德师范学院学报,Vol.12,No．1,2000
[38] N.R.Jennings, K.Sycara, M.Wooldridge.A Roadmap of Agent Research and Development.Autonomous Agent and Multi-agent System,1998(1):275-308.
[39] N.R.Jennings,M.Wooldridge.Application of intelligent Agents.Agent Technology:Foundation Application ,and Markets,1998.
[40] 李红臣，史美林．Agent在工作流管理系统中的应用研究．http: //cscw.cs.tsinghua.edu.cn/.
[41] 王一川 石纯一．多agent系统的几种规范生成机制．软件学报,2000,11(3)：342-345
[42] 史美林、杨光信等．WfMS：工作流管理系统．计算机学报,1999年3月底3期
[43] Carlsen S.Conceptual. Modeling and Composition of Flexible Workflow Models.Ph.D Thesis.
Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 1997
[44] 史美林、杨光信．计算机支持协同工作：过去、现在和未来，计算机研究与发展，第36卷增刊，1999年7月，149-154
[45] 范玉顺，吴澄．基于工作流的CIMS应用集成支持系统研究．计算机工程与应用．2000，36(2)，6-11．
[46] 范玉顺，吴澄．工作流管理技术研究与产品现状及发展趋势．计算机集成制造系统，CIMS,2000，6 (1)，1-7
[47] 郭晔．基于Web的分布式工作流管理系统，微电子学与计算机，1999，26(1)，23-26
[48] 武坤等编著．中文Lotus Domino/Notes R5应用开发指南．北京：机械工业出版社．2001，8.1-5
[49] Walker A Wooldridge M. Understanding the Emergence of Conventions in Multi-Agent Systems. In Lesser V, Gasser L(eds). Proceedings of the First International Conference on Multi-Agent Systems. Cambridge, MA MIT Press 1995:384-389
[50] HyacinthS.Nwana Softore agents:an overview[J]Knowledge Engineering Review,1996, 11(3):205—244
[51] 武坤等编著．中文Lotus Domino/Notes R5应用教程．北京：机械工业出版社．2000．5．1-5．
[2] 郑岩，郭京军，王振刚．采用Domino/Notes平台开发办公自动化系统．中国金融电脑．2000年第12期．40-41
[3] 李长树．中国办公自动化的理论与实践．上海：同济大学管理科学与工程．2000．8
[4] 范玉顺 主编．工作流管理技术基础．北京：清华大学出版社，施普林格出版社，2001年4月，28-30
[5] 叶立新，陈闳中，郑航，罗成平．基于工作流技术的OA系统模型．计算机工程与应用．2000,6.90-128
[6] Workflow Management Coalition. The workflow reference model. WFMC TCOO-1003,1994
[7] 汪涛等．工作流的现状和未来发展趋势．小型微型计算机系统．Vol.22 No.2,2001
[8] T.Smith.The Future of workflow Software.INFORM.50-51,Apdl 1993
[9] Workflow Management Coalition. Workflow management coalition terminology & glossary. WFMC TCOO-1011,1994
[10] 范玉顺 主编．工作流管理技术基础．北京：清华大学出版社，施普林格出版社，2001年4月，55-56
[11] 马献明，严小卫．工作流管理系统研究．广西师范大学学报(自然科学版)，Vol 19,No 2,2001
[12] 郭庆利．基于群件技术的网络办公自动化系统的设计与实现．西安：西北大学计算机软件与理论．2001,5
[13] 黄贵强．电信企业办公自动化系统设计与实现．西安：西安交通大学电子与信息工程系．2002．3
[14] 陈江东．办公自动化系统的系统分析，计算机系统应用，1998，10
[15] F Casati, S Ceri, B Pemici, et al Deriving Active Rules for Workflow Enactment Database and Expert Systems Applieation, 7th International Conf.DEXA' 96 Proceedings.-Berlin, Germany, Springer—vedag 1996:94—115
[16] 徐远超．Agent技术在基于Domino的WebOA中的应用研究．北京：北京航空航天大学2002.2
[17] Maes,P. Agents that Reduce Work and Information Overload. Communications of the ACM, 37((7), 31-40, 1994
[18] Hyacinth S.N wana.Software Agents:An Overview. Knowledge Engineering Review.Vol.11 .No.3.pp205-244.1996
[19] Michael Wooldridge & Nicholas R.Jennings. Intelligent Agents:Theory and Practice.Knowledge Engineering Review, Vol 10,No 2,pp.115-152,1995.
[20] Stan Franklin,Art Graesser.Is it an Agent,or just a Program?:A Taxonomy for Autonomous Agents. Third International Workshop on Agents Theories, Architectures, and Language, Springer-Velag,1996.
[21] Hewitt.C.Viewing Control Structuresas Pattemso fPassing Messages.Artificial Intelligence,8,No.3,pp323-36 4,1977
[22] Genesereth,M.R.& Ketchpel,S.P.,"Software Agents",Communicationgs of the ACM 37(7),48-53.1994
[23] Shoham Y.Agetnt—oriented programming.—Artificial Intelligence, 1993, 60(1), pp.51—92
[24] LiuHongZeng Construction Approach for Software Agents Using Components—Vol.24 No.3 ACM Software Engineering Notes
[25] ZhongzhiShi,WenPin Jiao、Qiujian Sheng, Agent-Oriented Software Methodolegy, Intelligent Information Processing Lab Institute of ComPuting Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Vol 2,No 3,1999.
[26] 周健、吴泉源等．一种基于分布式对象技术的Agent计算框架．计算机研究与发展，2000
[27] 李岳梅、孙守迁、潘云鹤·协同Agents设计中多主体冲突问题研究．计算机辅助设计与图形学学报，2002年2月，第14卷第2期
[28] Michael Wooldridge & Nicholas R.Jennings.Intelligeng Agents:Theory and Practice .Knowledge Engineering Review, Vol 10,No 2.115-152.1995
[29] Jacques Ferber.Multi—Agent System S:An Introduction to Artificial Intelligence、Addison Wesley Publishing Company. 1999
[30] G Q Huang,J Huang,K L Mak,Agent-based workflow management in collaborative product development on the intemet[J].Computer-Aided Design.2000(32):133-144.
[31] Y.Shoham "Agent-oriented programming" Artificial Intelligence,60 (1) 51-92.1993.
[32] 魏晓斌、周盛宗、Boris Bachmendo等．Agent通信机制探讨．计算机工程与应用，2002.05
[33] GQ. Huang, J. Huang, K.L Mak, Agent-based workflow management in collaborative product development on the Internet, Computer-Aided Design 2000(32): 133-144
[34] M.Wooldridge and P.Ciancarini .Agent-Oriented Software Engineering:The State of the Art.http://www.esc.liv.ae.uk/-mjw/pubs/aose2OOOa.ps.gz
[35] Stanford University CDR,JATLite,http://java.Stanford.edu/.
[36] IBM Tokyo Research Labs.http://www.trl.ibm.co.jp/aglets.
[37] 刘琼，杨红杰等．Agent与基于Agent系统．常德师范学院学报,Vol.12,No．1,2000
[38] N.R.Jennings, K.Sycara, M.Wooldridge.A Roadmap of Agent Research and Development.Autonomous Agent and Multi-agent System,1998(1):275-308.
[39] N.R.Jennings,M.Wooldridge.Application of intelligent Agents.Agent Technology:Foundation Application ,and Markets,1998.
[40] 李红臣，史美林．Agent在工作流管理系统中的应用研究．http: //cscw.cs.tsinghua.edu.cn/.
[41] 王一川 石纯一．多agent系统的几种规范生成机制．软件学报,2000,11(3)：342-345
[42] 史美林、杨光信等．WfMS：工作流管理系统．计算机学报,1999年3月底3期
[43] Carlsen S.Conceptual. Modeling and Composition of Flexible Workflow Models.Ph.D Thesis.
Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 1997
[44] 史美林、杨光信．计算机支持协同工作：过去、现在和未来，计算机研究与发展，第36卷增刊，1999年7月，149-154
[45] 范玉顺，吴澄．基于工作流的CIMS应用集成支持系统研究．计算机工程与应用．2000，36(2)，6-11．
[46] 范玉顺，吴澄．工作流管理技术研究与产品现状及发展趋势．计算机集成制造系统，CIMS,2000，6 (1)，1-7
[47] 郭晔．基于Web的分布式工作流管理系统，微电子学与计算机，1999，26(1)，23-26
[48] 武坤等编著．中文Lotus Domino/Notes R5应用开发指南．北京：机械工业出版社．2001，8.1-5
[49] Walker A Wooldridge M. Understanding the Emergence of Conventions in Multi-Agent Systems. In Lesser V, Gasser L(eds). Proceedings of the First International Conference on Multi-Agent Systems. Cambridge, MA MIT Press 1995:384-389
[50] HyacinthS.Nwana Softore agents:an overview[J]Knowledge Engineering Review,1996, 11(3):205—244
[51] 武坤等编著．中文Lotus Domino/Notes R5应用教程．北京：机械工业出版社．2000．5．1-5．