柴油机电控高压共轨系统EOL解决方案
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摘要
柴油机电控高压共轨技术作为最具发展前途的柴油机电控技术，因其突出的燃油经济性、动力安全性和绿色环保性受到柴油动力市场的广泛青睐和重视。
在国内，一汽无锡油泵油嘴研究所与浙江大学开发出完全自主知识产权的电控共轨系统。目前该系统面临着产业化等一系列技术问题。本课题的提出和解决正是以该系统产业化的技术需求为背景的。
作为电控系统产业化的关键性技术，本课题EOL方案包含了控制程序和基本数据的下载管理、离散特征数据的开发、通讯协议的实现、诊断与标定功能，并直接面向产业化生产流程。
控制程序和基本数据的下载是基于XC167的CAN Bootloader功能实现的。基于CAN的Bootloader方式无论在代码重载速度上，还是对外界现场环境的抗干扰上，都相对于传统的串口方式有明显的优势。本文根据XC167所支持的RAM启动CAN Bootloader方式给出了详细的重载流程和相关驱动的开发。同时，为了实现上位机(PC或工业控制机)对于CAN Bootloader的可控性，还针对课题的需要开发出了EOL通讯控制单元，实现了CAN-USB总线的转接和CAN Bootloader功能。
课题结合国内自主开发柴油机电控高压共轨系统产业化技术需求，设计出符合该系统产业化的EOL流程，并对相关数据库的设计做了研究。本文主要设计了针对喷油器特性的补偿和相关关键传感器的特性补偿。同时，还就EOL流程中发动机出厂标定的功率标定做了详细的介绍，并给出了相关算法和标定流程。
在EOL离散数据的下载和相关变量的标定与诊断部分，本课题选用了车载网络中通用的J1939协议作为通讯协议，并对J1939协议基于AUTOSAR规范的软件开发架构以及J1939协议应用诊断层的开发做了介绍。同时，结合EOL流程的功能需求介绍了系统参数下载、变量监控和标定以及故障诊断等功能模块的实现。
本课题通过EOL方案的设计和相关系统的开发，解决了汽车电子控制单元下线管理时的代码下载、数据管理、出厂标定及故障诊断等诸多技术问题，满足了电控系统的下线管理的需要，也为自主开发的汽车电控系统的产业化提供了有力的保障和技术支持。
Electronic controlled diesel common rail system (DCRS) is regarded as the most promising Technology in the diesel field. As for the fuel economy, power safety and environmental protection, DCRS is more and more popular with the automobile industry.
Interiorly, FAW Wuxi Fuel Injection Equipment Research Institute and Zhejiang University have jointly development DCRS which owns complete-independence intellectual property rights. At present, this system is confronted with a series of technologies for industrialization. In this paper a solution is brought up and it meets the specific requirements of the system industrialization.
As a key technology of the DCRS, EOL solution includes the download management of programs and basic data, the development of the discrete characteristic data, realization of communication, diagnosis and calibration functions.
The programs and the basic data are downloaded based on the CAN Bootloader of the XC167 microcontroller. The CAN Bootloader takes advantage over serial bootloader on both the speed and anti-jamming performance. In this paper, a detailed development is described. In addition, the development of USB-CAN bus interface exchange is also introduced.
An EOL flow together with related database designing is given according to the demands of DCRS industrialization. In this paper, trims for compensating fuel injectors and some key sensors are discussed. Furthermore, the power calibration is introduced as well as related arithmetic and calibration flow.
As a popular and high-performance protocol, J1939 is adopted as the communication protocol for the purpose of EOL specific calibration and diagnosis. The paper describes the architecture of the J1939 development and the brief development of the diagnostic layer. After that, the realizations of EOL function as downloading system specific data, specific data calibration, and the system diagnosis are developed and described.
The research and development of EOL solution and related systems resolve many technical problems as code download, database management, calibration and diagnosis, etc. This satisfies the EOL managements for the electronic controlled unit, and it paves the way for the industrialization of the DCRS.
在国内，一汽无锡油泵油嘴研究所与浙江大学开发出完全自主知识产权的电控共轨系统。目前该系统面临着产业化等一系列技术问题。本课题的提出和解决正是以该系统产业化的技术需求为背景的。
作为电控系统产业化的关键性技术，本课题EOL方案包含了控制程序和基本数据的下载管理、离散特征数据的开发、通讯协议的实现、诊断与标定功能，并直接面向产业化生产流程。
控制程序和基本数据的下载是基于XC167的CAN Bootloader功能实现的。基于CAN的Bootloader方式无论在代码重载速度上，还是对外界现场环境的抗干扰上，都相对于传统的串口方式有明显的优势。本文根据XC167所支持的RAM启动CAN Bootloader方式给出了详细的重载流程和相关驱动的开发。同时，为了实现上位机(PC或工业控制机)对于CAN Bootloader的可控性，还针对课题的需要开发出了EOL通讯控制单元，实现了CAN-USB总线的转接和CAN Bootloader功能。
课题结合国内自主开发柴油机电控高压共轨系统产业化技术需求，设计出符合该系统产业化的EOL流程，并对相关数据库的设计做了研究。本文主要设计了针对喷油器特性的补偿和相关关键传感器的特性补偿。同时，还就EOL流程中发动机出厂标定的功率标定做了详细的介绍，并给出了相关算法和标定流程。
在EOL离散数据的下载和相关变量的标定与诊断部分，本课题选用了车载网络中通用的J1939协议作为通讯协议，并对J1939协议基于AUTOSAR规范的软件开发架构以及J1939协议应用诊断层的开发做了介绍。同时，结合EOL流程的功能需求介绍了系统参数下载、变量监控和标定以及故障诊断等功能模块的实现。
本课题通过EOL方案的设计和相关系统的开发，解决了汽车电子控制单元下线管理时的代码下载、数据管理、出厂标定及故障诊断等诸多技术问题，满足了电控系统的下线管理的需要，也为自主开发的汽车电控系统的产业化提供了有力的保障和技术支持。
Electronic controlled diesel common rail system (DCRS) is regarded as the most promising Technology in the diesel field. As for the fuel economy, power safety and environmental protection, DCRS is more and more popular with the automobile industry.
Interiorly, FAW Wuxi Fuel Injection Equipment Research Institute and Zhejiang University have jointly development DCRS which owns complete-independence intellectual property rights. At present, this system is confronted with a series of technologies for industrialization. In this paper a solution is brought up and it meets the specific requirements of the system industrialization.
As a key technology of the DCRS, EOL solution includes the download management of programs and basic data, the development of the discrete characteristic data, realization of communication, diagnosis and calibration functions.
The programs and the basic data are downloaded based on the CAN Bootloader of the XC167 microcontroller. The CAN Bootloader takes advantage over serial bootloader on both the speed and anti-jamming performance. In this paper, a detailed development is described. In addition, the development of USB-CAN bus interface exchange is also introduced.
An EOL flow together with related database designing is given according to the demands of DCRS industrialization. In this paper, trims for compensating fuel injectors and some key sensors are discussed. Furthermore, the power calibration is introduced as well as related arithmetic and calibration flow.
As a popular and high-performance protocol, J1939 is adopted as the communication protocol for the purpose of EOL specific calibration and diagnosis. The paper describes the architecture of the J1939 development and the brief development of the diagnostic layer. After that, the realizations of EOL function as downloading system specific data, specific data calibration, and the system diagnosis are developed and described.
The research and development of EOL solution and related systems resolve many technical problems as code download, database management, calibration and diagnosis, etc. This satisfies the EOL managements for the electronic controlled unit, and it paves the way for the industrialization of the DCRS.
引文
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[30] 周文华，何文华等．柴油机电控技术综合研究[J]．汽车工程2002(4)
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[32] 于建锋．柴油机高压共轨系统电控单元开发[D]．[硕士学位论文]．杭州：浙江大学，2005
[33] Xie Yumin, Shi Feng, Ming Yang, etc. Multi-Seed Key Distribution Scheme Test.[J]. Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences. Vol.11 No.5 2006 1243-1248
[34] 王瑾，刘自伟，黄晓芳．密钥管理在数据库加密中的应用[J]．网络信息技术．2005，Vol．24，No．1
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[2] Flash-on-the-Fly—A concept to flash via CAN[Z]. Infineon Manual V1.1, 2004-01
[3] 徐家龙．柴油机电控喷油技术[M]．北京：人民交通出版社，2004
[4] N.Guerrassi and P.Dupraz. A Common Rail Injection System For High Speed Direct Injection Diesel Engines [J]. SAE 980803
[5] Masahiko Miyaki, etc. Development of New Electronically Controlled Fuel Injection System ECD-U2 for Diesel Engines [J]. SAE 910252
[6] Meissonnier G., Potentialites du Systeme Common Rail et Axes de Developpement Lucas Diesel, S.I.A[J]. Congress,Lyon, 1996.
[7] Mlyaki M, etc. Development of New Electronically Controlled Fuel Injection System ECD-U2 for Diesel Engines[J]. SAE Paper 910252.
[8] Guerrassi N and Dupraz E A Common Rail Injection System For High Speed Direct Injection Diesel Engines[J]. SAE Paper 980803.
[9] Osuka I, etc. Benefits of New Fuel Injection System Technology on Cold Startability of Diesel Engines-Improvement of Cold Startability and White Smoke Reduction by Means of Multi Injection with Common Rail Fuel System (ECD-U2)[J]. SAE Paper 940586.
[10] 黄军，王书义．Bosch公司共轨燃油喷射系统及其发展[J]．车辆与动力技术2005(1)
[11] 刘斌彬，李国岫，郑亚银．柴油机高压共轨燃油喷射系统现状与发展趋势[J]．内燃机2006(2)
[12] L.Guzzella, A.Amstutz. Control of Diesel Engines[J]. October, 1998.
[13] Stephan Cordes, etc. Semiconductor Solutions for Piezo Injector Systems[J]. SAE Paper 2003-01-0710
[14] Andy Coombes. Evaluating the Use of an RTOS to Reduce a Vehicle's Bill of Material and Ensure Timing Correctness[J]. SAE Paper 2002-01-221.
[15] Rolf Isermann, Norbert Muller. Design of computer controlled combustion engines[J]. Mechatronics. 13(2003) 1067-1089
[16] Zonghua Gu, Shige Wang, etc. Integrated Modeling and Analysis of Automotive Embedded Control Systems with Real-Time Scheduling[J]. SAE Paper 2004-01-0279.
[17] 徐家龙，藤泽英也．日本电装的电控高压共轨喷油系统——ECD-U2[J]．国外内燃机，2000，2．22～36
[18] 陆家佯，王钧效，王桂华等．电控柴油机高压共轨系统分析[J]．车用发动机2000(4)
[19] 吴世珍，吴小军，沈巍．电控共轨柴油机制造工艺研究[J]．现代车用动力2006(2)
[20] Vector. 2006-08-03 CANfbl supported controllers[Z]. 2006-10-12. http://www.vector-informatik.com/vi fbl availability_en,,223.html
[21] Vector: CANfbl Flash Bootloader[Z]. V1.4, 2005-07
[22] Vector: Loading automotive software made easy by a CAN/LIN flash bootloader[Z]. 2004-05
[23] 邬宽明．《CAN总线原理和应用系统设计》[M]．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，1996
[24] 饶运涛，邹继军，郑勇芸．现场总线CAN原理与应用技术[M]．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2003
[25] 刘耿，席军强，陈慧岩．SAE J1939通信标准在车辆动力传动电控系统中的应用研究[J]．汽车研究与发展2003(5)
[26] 李永强，宋希庚，薛冬新．CAN局域网及J1939协议在货车和客车上的运用[J]．汽车工程2003(4)
[27] 刘永木，刘望生，李洪泽．SAE J1939标准下的汽车CAN通讯报文／帧格式[J]．长春工业大学学报2003Vol24 No．1
[28] 高燕，高松，赵明．SAE J1939协议在客车上的应用现状及展望[J]．工业控制计算机，2006年19卷第4期
[29] 吕京建．现代汽车的核心技术——SAE J1939[J]．今日电子2004(1)
[30] 周文华，何文华等．柴油机电控技术综合研究[J]．汽车工程2002(4)
[31] Albrecht Mayer, etc. Embedded System Tool to Support Debugging, Calibration, Fast Prototyping and Emulation[J]. SAE Paper 2004-01-0304.
[32] 于建锋．柴油机高压共轨系统电控单元开发[D]．[硕士学位论文]．杭州：浙江大学，2005
[33] Xie Yumin, Shi Feng, Ming Yang, etc. Multi-Seed Key Distribution Scheme Test.[J]. Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences. Vol.11 No.5 2006 1243-1248
[34] 王瑾，刘自伟，黄晓芳．密钥管理在数据库加密中的应用[J]．网络信息技术．2005，Vol．24，No．1
[35] XC167-16 Derivatives System Units[Z]. Infmeon Manual, V2.0, 2004-04
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