TD-SCDMA系统中联合检测算法的研究
摘要
TD-SCDMA作为由中国自主提出的第三代移动通信网络标准,它是以TDD和CDMA技术为基础,充分结合了智能天线、联合检测、功率控制等先进技术,具有极高的频谱利用率与频谱灵活性。联合检测技术作为TD-SCDMA系统的关键技术之一,它能够抑制或完全消除多址干扰、多径干扰以及信号在传输过程中产生的噪声影响,同时还能够简化功率控制,降低功率控制精度,消除远近效应为系统带来的消极影响。因而,联合检测技术的研究对于改善系统性能、提高系统容量有着关键的作用。
本文首先介绍TD-SCDMA系统的网络结构以及其物理信道结构、时隙结构等。同时结合TD-SCDMA系统的信道特点建立了系统上行链路的离散传输模型,并对系统矩阵的生成进行推导。接着推导了几种线性联合检测算法的基本原理,并对解相关匹配滤波器(DMF)法、迫零线性块均衡器(ZF-BLE)法、最小均方误差线性块均衡器(MMSE一BLE)法三种线性联合检测算法的复杂度及性能进行比较。由于联合检测算法中涉及到系统矩阵的求逆运算,其计算量十分巨大,因而寻求一种快速的系统矩阵求逆算法对于提高联合检测性能至关重要。
基于此,本文提出了两种基于改进矩阵求逆算法的联合检测技术：近似Cholesky分解系统矩阵求逆算法,该算法只需要对系统矩阵左上角的一个或两个矩阵块做Cholesky分解,即可得出系统矩阵的近似Cholesky分解逆矩阵。以及Block FFT系统矩阵求逆算法,该算法首先对系统矩阵进行了块扩展,使之满足块右循环,通过在频域内求解方程组,从而获得系统矩阵的逆矩阵,很大程度上降低了运算量。计算机仿真表明,基于这两种改进求逆算法的联合检测算法,能够有效地消除TD-SCDMA系统中的多址干扰和多径干扰,在与原算法的误码率基本保持一致的前提下,可以极大的降低运算复杂度。
TD-SCDMA, as proposed by China's own third-generation mobile communication network standards, It is based on TDD and CDMA technology, fully integrated smart antenna, joint detection, power control and other advanced technologies, wich has a very high frequency spectrum utilization and spectrum flexibility. This study focus on joint detection technology as one of the key technologies of the TD-SCDMA system, It can inhibit or completely eliminate the multiple access interference, multipath interference and signal transmission noise generated in the process, It also can simplify power control, reduce the power control precision, eliminate the negative effects of near-far effect for the system. Thus, the joint detection technology research have a key role for improving system performance, increase system capacity.
This paper first introduces the TD-SCDMA system's network structure and its physical channel structure, and slot structure. Consider the TD-SCDMA system's channel characteristics of uplink to establish a system of discrete transmission model, and to generate the system matrix. Introduction a number of linear joint detection algorithm's basic principle, And comparison DMF, ZF-BLE, MMSE-BLE three kinds of the principle of linear joint detection algorithm and performance. Joint detection algorithm, however, the bottleneck is the inverse system matrix computation is huge, looking for a fast system matrix inversion algorithm is essential for improving the performance of joint detection.
Based on this, this paper presents two improved matrix inversion algorithms:approximate Cholesky decomposition of the system matrix inversion algorithm. The algorithm requires only the upper left corner of the system matrix of one or two blocks to do Cholesky matrix decomposition can be derived system matrix of the approximate Cholesky decomposition of the inverse matrix. As well as the Block FFT system matrix inversion algorithm, which carried out the first block of the system matrix expansion, so as to meet the right blocks loop, through the solving of equations in the frequency domain in order to obtain the system matrix of the inverse matrix, largely reduces the computing volume. Computer simulation shows that, based on these two kinds of inversion algorithms to improve the joint detection algorithm can effectively eliminate the TD-SCDMA system with multiple access interference and multipath interference, the original algorithm with the bit error rate remained the same premise, can greatly reduce the computing complexity.
本文首先介绍TD-SCDMA系统的网络结构以及其物理信道结构、时隙结构等。同时结合TD-SCDMA系统的信道特点建立了系统上行链路的离散传输模型,并对系统矩阵的生成进行推导。接着推导了几种线性联合检测算法的基本原理,并对解相关匹配滤波器(DMF)法、迫零线性块均衡器(ZF-BLE)法、最小均方误差线性块均衡器(MMSE一BLE)法三种线性联合检测算法的复杂度及性能进行比较。由于联合检测算法中涉及到系统矩阵的求逆运算,其计算量十分巨大,因而寻求一种快速的系统矩阵求逆算法对于提高联合检测性能至关重要。
基于此,本文提出了两种基于改进矩阵求逆算法的联合检测技术：近似Cholesky分解系统矩阵求逆算法,该算法只需要对系统矩阵左上角的一个或两个矩阵块做Cholesky分解,即可得出系统矩阵的近似Cholesky分解逆矩阵。以及Block FFT系统矩阵求逆算法,该算法首先对系统矩阵进行了块扩展,使之满足块右循环,通过在频域内求解方程组,从而获得系统矩阵的逆矩阵,很大程度上降低了运算量。计算机仿真表明,基于这两种改进求逆算法的联合检测算法,能够有效地消除TD-SCDMA系统中的多址干扰和多径干扰,在与原算法的误码率基本保持一致的前提下,可以极大的降低运算复杂度。
TD-SCDMA, as proposed by China's own third-generation mobile communication network standards, It is based on TDD and CDMA technology, fully integrated smart antenna, joint detection, power control and other advanced technologies, wich has a very high frequency spectrum utilization and spectrum flexibility. This study focus on joint detection technology as one of the key technologies of the TD-SCDMA system, It can inhibit or completely eliminate the multiple access interference, multipath interference and signal transmission noise generated in the process, It also can simplify power control, reduce the power control precision, eliminate the negative effects of near-far effect for the system. Thus, the joint detection technology research have a key role for improving system performance, increase system capacity.
This paper first introduces the TD-SCDMA system's network structure and its physical channel structure, and slot structure. Consider the TD-SCDMA system's channel characteristics of uplink to establish a system of discrete transmission model, and to generate the system matrix. Introduction a number of linear joint detection algorithm's basic principle, And comparison DMF, ZF-BLE, MMSE-BLE three kinds of the principle of linear joint detection algorithm and performance. Joint detection algorithm, however, the bottleneck is the inverse system matrix computation is huge, looking for a fast system matrix inversion algorithm is essential for improving the performance of joint detection.
Based on this, this paper presents two improved matrix inversion algorithms:approximate Cholesky decomposition of the system matrix inversion algorithm. The algorithm requires only the upper left corner of the system matrix of one or two blocks to do Cholesky matrix decomposition can be derived system matrix of the approximate Cholesky decomposition of the inverse matrix. As well as the Block FFT system matrix inversion algorithm, which carried out the first block of the system matrix expansion, so as to meet the right blocks loop, through the solving of equations in the frequency domain in order to obtain the system matrix of the inverse matrix, largely reduces the computing volume. Computer simulation shows that, based on these two kinds of inversion algorithms to improve the joint detection algorithm can effectively eliminate the TD-SCDMA system with multiple access interference and multipath interference, the original algorithm with the bit error rate remained the same premise, can greatly reduce the computing complexity.
引文
[1]李世鹤TD-SCDMA第三代移动通信系统标准[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2003.
[2]谢显中TD-SCDMA第三代移动通信系统技术与实现[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2004.
[3]李仲令,李少谦,唐友喜.无线与移动通信技术[M].上海：科学出版社,2006.
[4]张贤达,保铮.通信信号处理[M].北京：国防工业出版社,2002.
[5]王文博.时分双工CDMA移动通信技术[M].北京：北京邮电大学出版社,2001.
[6]黄华生,蒋泽TD-SCDMA系统中联合检测的原理和实现[M].重庆：重庆邮电学报,2001.
[7]王庆扬,张青,韦岗CDMA移动通信系统中的多用户检测技术[J].移动通信,2002：41-45.
[8]张辉,曹丽娜.现代通信原理与技术[M].西安：西安电子科技大学出版社,2002.
[9]Shihe Li, Jun Li. TD-SCDMA standardization and prototype development[J].China Academy of Telecommunication Technology,2008,25(6):76-87.
[10]P.Jung, J.Blanz. Joint detection with coherent receiver antenna diversity in CDMAmobile radio systems[J].IEEE Trans. Veh.TechnoL.,1995(4),44:76-88.
[11]P.Jung, M.Nasshan and J. Blanz. Application of turbo codes to a CDMA mobile radiosystem using joint detection and antenna diversity[J]. IEEE Trans.Veh.Technol,1994,13(1):770-774.
[12]Xiaofei Zhang, Dazhuan Xu. Blind PARAFAC receiver for space-time block-coded CDMA system[C].2006 International Conference on Communications Circuits and Systems Proceedings,2006, pp.675-678.
[13]M.Chiani, A.Conti, and C.Fontana. Improved performance in TD-CDMA mobile radiosystem by optimizing energy partition in channel estimation[J].IEEE Trans.Commun.,2003,51(3):352-355.
[14]Gang Wu, Wen-hua Dai, and You-xi Tang. Performance comparison of channelestimation algorithms for TD-SCDMA PIC receiver[C].IEEE International Conference of Communications, Circuits and Systems, 2002,2:475-478.
[15]H.R.Karimi, N.W.Anderson. A novel and efficient solution fix-point data bssedJoint-detection using approximate cholesky factorization[J]. IEEE International Conference of Communications,. 2000,3(7):1262-1266.
[16]A. Clein. Zero forcing and minimum mean-square-error equalization for multiuser detection in code-division multiple-access channels[J]. IEEE Int. Symp.on SpreadSpectrum Tech.&Appt. Prague, 2002,7(4):2-5.
[17]Vollmer M, Haardt M, and Gotze J. Comparative study of joint detection techniques for TD-SCDMA based mobile radio systems[J]. IEEE Journal on Selected Aress in Comm.,2001,22(3):243-249.
[18]A.Klein and P.W Baier. Linear unbiased data estimation in mobile radio systemsapplying CDMA[J]. IEEE J.Select.Areas Commun.,1993,11(9):1058-1066.
[19]A.Klein,G.K.Kaleh,and P.W.Baier.Zero forcing and minimum mean squareerror equalization for multi-user detection in code division multiple accesschannels[J], IEEE Trans. Veh,Technol.1996,.45(5): 276-287.
[20]Vollmer M, Goteze J. Efficient joint detection techniques for TD-CDMA in the frequencydomain.proc COST262 workshop:multi-user detection in spread[J].Spectrum Communications,2001,10(6):98-104.
[21]Steiner B, and Baier W. Low cost channel estimation in the uplink receiver of CDMA mobile radio systems[J]. Frequenz,1993,47(7):11-121.
[22]Marius Vollmer, Martin Haardt,and Jurgen Gotze. Comparative study of joint-deteetion techniques for TD-CDMA based mobile radio systems[J]. IEEE Int. Symp.on SpreadSpectrum Tech,2001,13(6):134-141.
[23]戎波,吴善培. TD-SCDMA上行链路中的联合检测算法[J].重庆邮电学院学报[自然科学版),2002,1：25-32.
[24]李小文,李贵勇,陈贤亮TD-SCDMA第三代移动通信系统、信令及实现[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2003.
[25]邹炯,钟章队,王颖TD-SCDMA的联合检测技术[J].通信技术,2003,10：41-47.
[26]冯健,韦岗.基于快速矩阵运算TD-SCDMA联合检测算法.通信技术[J].移动通信,2003,9：60-62.
[27]康绍莉,裘正定,李世鹤TD-SCDMA系统中低代价信道估计方法的改进[J].通信学报,2002,23(10)：108-13.
[28]常永宇,宋建霞TDD CDMA系统中联合检测技术的应用及性能分析[J].通信学报,2003,11,73-80.
[29]B.Steiner and P.W.Baier. Low cost channel estimation in the uplinkreceiver of CDMA mobile radio systems[J].FRE-QUENZ,1993,47(9):292-298.
[30]郑宝玉.无线通信系统一信号接收与处理的高级技术[M].北京：北京电子工业出版社,2005
[31]吴伟陵.移动通信中的关键技术,北京：北京邮电大学出版社,2002.
[32]A. Clein. Zero forcing and minimum, mean-square-error equalization for multiuser detection in code-division multiple-access channels[J]. IEEE J.Select.Areas Commun.,2003,14(6):47-55.
[33]M.Vollmer, M.Haardt,and J.Gotze. Efficient joint detection technique in the frequency domain for third generation moblile radio systems[J]. IEEE Int. Symp.on SpreadSpectrum Tech ,2003,17(7):56-63.
[34]秦洪峰,曾召华TD-SCDMA系统下行波束赋形技术研究[J].邮电设计技术.2004：6-9.
[35]黄华生TDD CDMA系统中结合智能天线的联合检测技术应用研究[D].硕十学位论文,重庆邮电学院,2002.
[36]蒋秋红.移动通信信道建模与仿真的研究[D].硕十学位论文,天津大学,2004.
[37]吴群英TD-SCDMA系统空时处理技术研究[D].博十学位论文,电子科技大学,2005.
[38]孙长果TD-SCDMA系统中智能天线的研究和应用[D].博士学位论文,西安电子科技大学,2005.
[39]戎璐,谢剑英,支小莉.空时信道建模与智能天线系统性能仿真[J].系统仿真学报.2004,16(6)：1231-1238.
[40]Nevio Benvenuto, Giovanna Sostrato. Joint detection with low computational complexity for hybrid TD-CDMA systems[J]. IEEE J.Select.Areas Commun.,2001,19(1):245-253.
[41]Jing Guo,Zhenyu Peng,Mingke Li. Comparative Study of Several New Channel Path Decision Methods in TD-SCDMA System[J]. IEEE J.Select.Areas Commun.,2005,17(2):45-53.
[42]J. B. Kruskal. Three-way arrays:rank and uniqueness of trilinear decompositions, with application to arithmetic complexity and statisitics [J]. Linear Algebra and Its Applications,1977,18(4):95-138.
[43]R. B. Cattle, Parallel. Proportional profiles and other principles for determining the choice of factors by rotation[J]. Psychometrika,1994,9(3):267-283.
[44]N. D. Sidiropoulos, and X. Liu. PARAFAC methods for deterministic blind beam forming-part: Identifiability[J]. IEEE Trans. Signal Processing,1999,4(4):67-83.
[45]R. Roy and T. Kailath. ESPRIT-estimation of signal parameter via rotational invariance techniques[J]. IEEE Trans.ASSP,1989,37(7):984-995.
[46]Nicholas D. Sidiropoulos, Rasmus Bro,and Georgios B. Giannakis. Parallel factor analysisin sensor array processing[J]. IEEE Trans.Signa Processing,2000,48(8),:2377-2388.
[47]Liu X., Sidiropoulos N. D. Source:parafac methods for blind beam forming:multilinear ALS performance and CRB[C].2000 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics,Speech,and Signal Processing, 2000,5(5):3128-3131.
[48]Nicholas D.Sidiropoulos, Xiangqian Liu. Identifiability results for blind beam forming in incoherent multipath with small delay spread[J]. IEEE Transaction on Signal Processing,2001,49(1):62-67.
[49]N. D. Sidiropoulos, G. B. Giannakis,and R.Bro. Blind PARAFAC receivers for DS-CDMA systems[J]. IEEE Trans.Signal Processing,2000,48(3):810-823.
[50]程云鹏.矩阵论[M].西安：西北工业大学出版社,2000.
[2]谢显中TD-SCDMA第三代移动通信系统技术与实现[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2004.
[3]李仲令,李少谦,唐友喜.无线与移动通信技术[M].上海：科学出版社,2006.
[4]张贤达,保铮.通信信号处理[M].北京：国防工业出版社,2002.
[5]王文博.时分双工CDMA移动通信技术[M].北京：北京邮电大学出版社,2001.
[6]黄华生,蒋泽TD-SCDMA系统中联合检测的原理和实现[M].重庆：重庆邮电学报,2001.
[7]王庆扬,张青,韦岗CDMA移动通信系统中的多用户检测技术[J].移动通信,2002：41-45.
[8]张辉,曹丽娜.现代通信原理与技术[M].西安：西安电子科技大学出版社,2002.
[9]Shihe Li, Jun Li. TD-SCDMA standardization and prototype development[J].China Academy of Telecommunication Technology,2008,25(6):76-87.
[10]P.Jung, J.Blanz. Joint detection with coherent receiver antenna diversity in CDMAmobile radio systems[J].IEEE Trans. Veh.TechnoL.,1995(4),44:76-88.
[11]P.Jung, M.Nasshan and J. Blanz. Application of turbo codes to a CDMA mobile radiosystem using joint detection and antenna diversity[J]. IEEE Trans.Veh.Technol,1994,13(1):770-774.
[12]Xiaofei Zhang, Dazhuan Xu. Blind PARAFAC receiver for space-time block-coded CDMA system[C].2006 International Conference on Communications Circuits and Systems Proceedings,2006, pp.675-678.
[13]M.Chiani, A.Conti, and C.Fontana. Improved performance in TD-CDMA mobile radiosystem by optimizing energy partition in channel estimation[J].IEEE Trans.Commun.,2003,51(3):352-355.
[14]Gang Wu, Wen-hua Dai, and You-xi Tang. Performance comparison of channelestimation algorithms for TD-SCDMA PIC receiver[C].IEEE International Conference of Communications, Circuits and Systems, 2002,2:475-478.
[15]H.R.Karimi, N.W.Anderson. A novel and efficient solution fix-point data bssedJoint-detection using approximate cholesky factorization[J]. IEEE International Conference of Communications,. 2000,3(7):1262-1266.
[16]A. Clein. Zero forcing and minimum mean-square-error equalization for multiuser detection in code-division multiple-access channels[J]. IEEE Int. Symp.on SpreadSpectrum Tech.&Appt. Prague, 2002,7(4):2-5.
[17]Vollmer M, Haardt M, and Gotze J. Comparative study of joint detection techniques for TD-SCDMA based mobile radio systems[J]. IEEE Journal on Selected Aress in Comm.,2001,22(3):243-249.
[18]A.Klein and P.W Baier. Linear unbiased data estimation in mobile radio systemsapplying CDMA[J]. IEEE J.Select.Areas Commun.,1993,11(9):1058-1066.
[19]A.Klein,G.K.Kaleh,and P.W.Baier.Zero forcing and minimum mean squareerror equalization for multi-user detection in code division multiple accesschannels[J], IEEE Trans. Veh,Technol.1996,.45(5): 276-287.
[20]Vollmer M, Goteze J. Efficient joint detection techniques for TD-CDMA in the frequencydomain.proc COST262 workshop:multi-user detection in spread[J].Spectrum Communications,2001,10(6):98-104.
[21]Steiner B, and Baier W. Low cost channel estimation in the uplink receiver of CDMA mobile radio systems[J]. Frequenz,1993,47(7):11-121.
[22]Marius Vollmer, Martin Haardt,and Jurgen Gotze. Comparative study of joint-deteetion techniques for TD-CDMA based mobile radio systems[J]. IEEE Int. Symp.on SpreadSpectrum Tech,2001,13(6):134-141.
[23]戎波,吴善培. TD-SCDMA上行链路中的联合检测算法[J].重庆邮电学院学报[自然科学版),2002,1：25-32.
[24]李小文,李贵勇,陈贤亮TD-SCDMA第三代移动通信系统、信令及实现[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2003.
[25]邹炯,钟章队,王颖TD-SCDMA的联合检测技术[J].通信技术,2003,10：41-47.
[26]冯健,韦岗.基于快速矩阵运算TD-SCDMA联合检测算法.通信技术[J].移动通信,2003,9：60-62.
[27]康绍莉,裘正定,李世鹤TD-SCDMA系统中低代价信道估计方法的改进[J].通信学报,2002,23(10)：108-13.
[28]常永宇,宋建霞TDD CDMA系统中联合检测技术的应用及性能分析[J].通信学报,2003,11,73-80.
[29]B.Steiner and P.W.Baier. Low cost channel estimation in the uplinkreceiver of CDMA mobile radio systems[J].FRE-QUENZ,1993,47(9):292-298.
[30]郑宝玉.无线通信系统一信号接收与处理的高级技术[M].北京：北京电子工业出版社,2005
[31]吴伟陵.移动通信中的关键技术,北京：北京邮电大学出版社,2002.
[32]A. Clein. Zero forcing and minimum, mean-square-error equalization for multiuser detection in code-division multiple-access channels[J]. IEEE J.Select.Areas Commun.,2003,14(6):47-55.
[33]M.Vollmer, M.Haardt,and J.Gotze. Efficient joint detection technique in the frequency domain for third generation moblile radio systems[J]. IEEE Int. Symp.on SpreadSpectrum Tech ,2003,17(7):56-63.
[34]秦洪峰,曾召华TD-SCDMA系统下行波束赋形技术研究[J].邮电设计技术.2004：6-9.
[35]黄华生TDD CDMA系统中结合智能天线的联合检测技术应用研究[D].硕十学位论文,重庆邮电学院,2002.
[36]蒋秋红.移动通信信道建模与仿真的研究[D].硕十学位论文,天津大学,2004.
[37]吴群英TD-SCDMA系统空时处理技术研究[D].博十学位论文,电子科技大学,2005.
[38]孙长果TD-SCDMA系统中智能天线的研究和应用[D].博士学位论文,西安电子科技大学,2005.
[39]戎璐,谢剑英,支小莉.空时信道建模与智能天线系统性能仿真[J].系统仿真学报.2004,16(6)：1231-1238.
[40]Nevio Benvenuto, Giovanna Sostrato. Joint detection with low computational complexity for hybrid TD-CDMA systems[J]. IEEE J.Select.Areas Commun.,2001,19(1):245-253.
[41]Jing Guo,Zhenyu Peng,Mingke Li. Comparative Study of Several New Channel Path Decision Methods in TD-SCDMA System[J]. IEEE J.Select.Areas Commun.,2005,17(2):45-53.
[42]J. B. Kruskal. Three-way arrays:rank and uniqueness of trilinear decompositions, with application to arithmetic complexity and statisitics [J]. Linear Algebra and Its Applications,1977,18(4):95-138.
[43]R. B. Cattle, Parallel. Proportional profiles and other principles for determining the choice of factors by rotation[J]. Psychometrika,1994,9(3):267-283.
[44]N. D. Sidiropoulos, and X. Liu. PARAFAC methods for deterministic blind beam forming-part: Identifiability[J]. IEEE Trans. Signal Processing,1999,4(4):67-83.
[45]R. Roy and T. Kailath. ESPRIT-estimation of signal parameter via rotational invariance techniques[J]. IEEE Trans.ASSP,1989,37(7):984-995.
[46]Nicholas D. Sidiropoulos, Rasmus Bro,and Georgios B. Giannakis. Parallel factor analysisin sensor array processing[J]. IEEE Trans.Signa Processing,2000,48(8),:2377-2388.
[47]Liu X., Sidiropoulos N. D. Source:parafac methods for blind beam forming:multilinear ALS performance and CRB[C].2000 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics,Speech,and Signal Processing, 2000,5(5):3128-3131.
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