安西极旱荒漠区植物群落结构变化规律及其机理研究
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摘要
在安西极旱荒漠区的典型植物群落中选取六个平行样方,连续三年调查物种多度、盖度、丰富度以及环境条件,在此基础上,通过对其群落结构、生物多样性指数以及部分植物生长年际情况的变化分析,探究荒漠植物群落结构的季节及年际变化规律；进一步地,通过分析比较群落内部主要物种之间的关系以及环境条件对群落结构变化的影响对比,说明荒漠植物群落结构变化的内在机制。我们得出以下结论：
(1)荒漠生态系统中植物群落物种丰富度和多度的季节变化主要是由一年生的草本植物的季节变化造成的,而多年生灌木盖度的季节变化是植物群落的盖度变化的主要原因。
(2)荒漠生态系统中造成植物群落物种丰富度、多度和盖度的年际变化的主要原因是一年生的草本植物物种丰富度、多度和盖度的年际变化。
(3)荒漠生态系统中植物群落物种丰富度、多度和盖度的季节变化与当地的降雨量和气温的变化存在正相互关系,而植物群落物种丰富度、多度和盖度的年际变化与当地的降雨量和气温的变化关系不大。由此可以确定,降雨和气温影响了荒漠植物群落结构的季节变化,而对年际变化影响不大；在气候条件变化较小的范围内,荒漠植物群落结构保持相对稳定。
(4)荒漠生态系统中土壤成分的变化对植物群落物种丰富度、多度、盖度、香农-威纳指数、均匀度指数和辛普森指数的变化影响较小。
(5)荒漠生态系统中,植物群落的内部主要物种之间的相互关系主要为竞争关系。植物群落中多度和盖度的季节变化与植物受到的竞争强度是负相互关系；植物群落中多度和植物盖度的年际变化与植物受到的竞争强度同样是负相互关系。
(6)在对植物群落结构变化贡献度大小方面,植物群落内部关系对多度的季节变化的贡献度大于气候条件的贡献度,气候条件对盖度的季节变化的贡献度大于植物群落内部关系的贡献度；植物群落内部关系对多度年际变化和盖度年际变化的贡献大于气候条件的贡献。说明,植物群落内部主要物种之间的相互关系决定植物个体数量的季节变化,而气候条件决定了群落盖度的季节变化；在多度及盖度的年际变化方面,内部因素起了决定性作用,同时说明,环境条件在年际间变化不大。
We selected six parallel plots of plant communities in the Anxi hyper-arid desert area to investigate the seasonal and inter-annual variation of species abundance, coverage, richness and climatic conditions for three years. On this basis, desert plant community structure, seasonal and inter-annual variation were explored through analysis the changes in plant community structure, biodiversity, as well as growth conditions of some plants. Furthermore, comparative analysis between the relationship of dominant species in internal communities and the impact of environmental conditions on changes in community structure to illustrate the internal mechanism of the desert plant community structure changes.
The results showed:
(1) Seasonal variation of species richness and abundance is mainly caused by the seasonal variation of annual plants, and the coverage changes of communities caused by the seasonal variation of the perennial shrub coverage;
(2) Inter-annual changes in species richness of plant communities, abundance and coverage is mainly caused by the inter-annual variations of annual plants;
(3)There is a positive relationship between the seasonal variation of the species richness, abundance, the coverage and changes in local rainfall and temperature, but has nothing to do with the number of species richness in plant communities, the inter-annual variability of the abundance and coverage. Therefore it could be determined that the rainfall and temperature have greater impact on the seasonal variation of desert plant community structure, but have little impact on inter-annual variations. Within a slight range of changes in climatic conditions, the desert community structure maintains a relatively stable structure.
(4)Changes in the composition of the soil has little effect on the species richness and abundance, coverage, Shannon-Wiener index, evenness index and Simpson index changes of plant communities.
(5)In desert ecosystems, competitions the main relationship between the main species within plant communities. There is a negative relationship between the seasonal variation of the abundance, coverage in plant community and the intensity of competition, and negative relationship also showed between inter-annual variation of the abundance, inter-annual variation of coverage and the intensity of competition.
(6)The aspect on the contribution of structure changes of plant community, the contribution of the competition of the abundance on the seasonal variation is greater than that of the climatic conditions; the contribution of climatic conditions to coverage on the seasonal variation is greater than that of the competition; the contribution of the competition of the abundance and coverage of the inter-annual variability is greater than the contribution of the climatic conditions. It means the relationship between plant communities within the main species determined the seasonal variation of the number of individual plants, and climatic conditions determined the seasonal variation of the community coverage. Internal factors played a decisive role in the inter-annual variability of the abundance and coverage, and it also illustrated that inter-annual variation of environmental conditions is slight.
(1)荒漠生态系统中植物群落物种丰富度和多度的季节变化主要是由一年生的草本植物的季节变化造成的,而多年生灌木盖度的季节变化是植物群落的盖度变化的主要原因。
(2)荒漠生态系统中造成植物群落物种丰富度、多度和盖度的年际变化的主要原因是一年生的草本植物物种丰富度、多度和盖度的年际变化。
(3)荒漠生态系统中植物群落物种丰富度、多度和盖度的季节变化与当地的降雨量和气温的变化存在正相互关系,而植物群落物种丰富度、多度和盖度的年际变化与当地的降雨量和气温的变化关系不大。由此可以确定,降雨和气温影响了荒漠植物群落结构的季节变化,而对年际变化影响不大；在气候条件变化较小的范围内,荒漠植物群落结构保持相对稳定。
(4)荒漠生态系统中土壤成分的变化对植物群落物种丰富度、多度、盖度、香农-威纳指数、均匀度指数和辛普森指数的变化影响较小。
(5)荒漠生态系统中,植物群落的内部主要物种之间的相互关系主要为竞争关系。植物群落中多度和盖度的季节变化与植物受到的竞争强度是负相互关系；植物群落中多度和植物盖度的年际变化与植物受到的竞争强度同样是负相互关系。
(6)在对植物群落结构变化贡献度大小方面,植物群落内部关系对多度的季节变化的贡献度大于气候条件的贡献度,气候条件对盖度的季节变化的贡献度大于植物群落内部关系的贡献度；植物群落内部关系对多度年际变化和盖度年际变化的贡献大于气候条件的贡献。说明,植物群落内部主要物种之间的相互关系决定植物个体数量的季节变化,而气候条件决定了群落盖度的季节变化；在多度及盖度的年际变化方面,内部因素起了决定性作用,同时说明,环境条件在年际间变化不大。
We selected six parallel plots of plant communities in the Anxi hyper-arid desert area to investigate the seasonal and inter-annual variation of species abundance, coverage, richness and climatic conditions for three years. On this basis, desert plant community structure, seasonal and inter-annual variation were explored through analysis the changes in plant community structure, biodiversity, as well as growth conditions of some plants. Furthermore, comparative analysis between the relationship of dominant species in internal communities and the impact of environmental conditions on changes in community structure to illustrate the internal mechanism of the desert plant community structure changes.
The results showed:
(1) Seasonal variation of species richness and abundance is mainly caused by the seasonal variation of annual plants, and the coverage changes of communities caused by the seasonal variation of the perennial shrub coverage;
(2) Inter-annual changes in species richness of plant communities, abundance and coverage is mainly caused by the inter-annual variations of annual plants;
(3)There is a positive relationship between the seasonal variation of the species richness, abundance, the coverage and changes in local rainfall and temperature, but has nothing to do with the number of species richness in plant communities, the inter-annual variability of the abundance and coverage. Therefore it could be determined that the rainfall and temperature have greater impact on the seasonal variation of desert plant community structure, but have little impact on inter-annual variations. Within a slight range of changes in climatic conditions, the desert community structure maintains a relatively stable structure.
(4)Changes in the composition of the soil has little effect on the species richness and abundance, coverage, Shannon-Wiener index, evenness index and Simpson index changes of plant communities.
(5)In desert ecosystems, competitions the main relationship between the main species within plant communities. There is a negative relationship between the seasonal variation of the abundance, coverage in plant community and the intensity of competition, and negative relationship also showed between inter-annual variation of the abundance, inter-annual variation of coverage and the intensity of competition.
(6)The aspect on the contribution of structure changes of plant community, the contribution of the competition of the abundance on the seasonal variation is greater than that of the climatic conditions; the contribution of climatic conditions to coverage on the seasonal variation is greater than that of the competition; the contribution of the competition of the abundance and coverage of the inter-annual variability is greater than the contribution of the climatic conditions. It means the relationship between plant communities within the main species determined the seasonal variation of the number of individual plants, and climatic conditions determined the seasonal variation of the community coverage. Internal factors played a decisive role in the inter-annual variability of the abundance and coverage, and it also illustrated that inter-annual variation of environmental conditions is slight.
引文
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