应用TM影像提取珠海城市建筑用地方法的研究
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摘要
城市建筑用地是城市土地利用中变化性最大的地类,也是人类对自然环境影响最深的地类。如何应用遥感技术快速,准确,客观的获取城市建筑用地信息一直是学界研究的重点和实际应用中迫切需要解决的问题。
本文以有“珠江之星”美称的珠海特区为研究区,基于2002,2005两期TM影像,通过对TM影像光谱反射理论的研究和对研究区实际地类的深入分析,得到基于分层分类思想的珠海市建筑用地信息提取方法,与常规的最大似然监督分类法和人机交互解译法进行比较,研究方法具有快速,准确,客观的特点,并有效的去除了裸地的影响。利用最大似然法获取两期土地利用状况并在此基础上通过土地利用面积转移矩阵分析了建筑用地与其它土地类型的转化关系和对非建土地利用类型的影响。
通过本文可以得出以下结论：
1.通过对研究区TM影像数据进行分析到得适合于珠海城市建筑用地信息提取的分层分类法,应用该方法提取珠海城市建设用地信息,并与常规的最大似然监督分类法和人机交互解译法进行对比,三者的总体精度分别为87.97%,75.86%和90.04%,分层分类法具有快速,客观,准确的特点。
2.基于样本代替总体的思想,以样本(裸地DN max+建筑用地DNmin)／2为阈值可以有效的去除裸地对城市建筑用地的影响。
3.应用此方法分别提取2002年和2005年两期珠海城市建筑用地信息,并进行扩展分析。可以看出三年来珠海城市建筑用地迅速增加,增幅达38.53%。
4.利用最大似然法提取珠海城市土地利用状况,并利用面积转移矩阵获取建筑用地与其它非建地类的土地利用转换关系。分析表明珠海城市建筑用地主要由农田,林地,未利用地和填海造陆转换而来。
Urban construction land is the greatest class in urban land use change, but also the most of the land use type human impact on the natural environment. Fast, accurate and objective get the information of the urban construction land by remote sensing technology has been the focus of academic study and the problem urgent need to address of practical application.
In this paper, we take the " Pearl of the star" reputation of the Zhuhai Special Economic Zone as the study area. Based on TM images of 2002 and 2005, we get the construction land information extraction method based on hierarchical classification through the study of the spectral reflectance theory of TM and the analysis of the local land use type. Compare with the maximum likelihood method and the human-computer interpretation method, my method is rapid, accurate, and objective and can effectively removed the impact of bare.Using the maximum likelihood method we get the conditions of land use on 2002 and 2005, and through the transfer matrix of land use area we analysis the transforming relationship between the land use area of the construction and the other land and the impact on the non-construction land.
Through this paper the following conclusions can be drawn:
(1) Through the analysis on TM image we get the suitable construction land information extraction method for Zhuhai City, extract the construction land information using this method and compare with the maximum likelihood method and the human-computer interpretation method, the overall accuracy of the three were 87.97%,75.86% and 90.04%, my method has the rapid,objective and accurate characteristic.
(2) Based on the thinking of the Sample instead of the Whole, we take the Sample DN (Bare max+Construction)/2 as the threshold, effectively removed the impact of the bare information.
(3) Through extract the construction land information of 2002 and 2005 and do the extended analysis, we can see that the construction land of Zhuhai increased rapidly in three years and increase of 38.53%.
(4) Using maximum likelihood method extract the land use condition of Zhuhai and analysis the transforming relationship between the land use area of the construction and the other by the transfer matrix. The result show that the increased construction land of Zhuhai transformed from the farmland, the forest, the unused land and the reclamation land.
本文以有“珠江之星”美称的珠海特区为研究区,基于2002,2005两期TM影像,通过对TM影像光谱反射理论的研究和对研究区实际地类的深入分析,得到基于分层分类思想的珠海市建筑用地信息提取方法,与常规的最大似然监督分类法和人机交互解译法进行比较,研究方法具有快速,准确,客观的特点,并有效的去除了裸地的影响。利用最大似然法获取两期土地利用状况并在此基础上通过土地利用面积转移矩阵分析了建筑用地与其它土地类型的转化关系和对非建土地利用类型的影响。
通过本文可以得出以下结论：
1.通过对研究区TM影像数据进行分析到得适合于珠海城市建筑用地信息提取的分层分类法,应用该方法提取珠海城市建设用地信息,并与常规的最大似然监督分类法和人机交互解译法进行对比,三者的总体精度分别为87.97%,75.86%和90.04%,分层分类法具有快速,客观,准确的特点。
2.基于样本代替总体的思想,以样本(裸地DN max+建筑用地DNmin)／2为阈值可以有效的去除裸地对城市建筑用地的影响。
3.应用此方法分别提取2002年和2005年两期珠海城市建筑用地信息,并进行扩展分析。可以看出三年来珠海城市建筑用地迅速增加,增幅达38.53%。
4.利用最大似然法提取珠海城市土地利用状况,并利用面积转移矩阵获取建筑用地与其它非建地类的土地利用转换关系。分析表明珠海城市建筑用地主要由农田,林地,未利用地和填海造陆转换而来。
Urban construction land is the greatest class in urban land use change, but also the most of the land use type human impact on the natural environment. Fast, accurate and objective get the information of the urban construction land by remote sensing technology has been the focus of academic study and the problem urgent need to address of practical application.
In this paper, we take the " Pearl of the star" reputation of the Zhuhai Special Economic Zone as the study area. Based on TM images of 2002 and 2005, we get the construction land information extraction method based on hierarchical classification through the study of the spectral reflectance theory of TM and the analysis of the local land use type. Compare with the maximum likelihood method and the human-computer interpretation method, my method is rapid, accurate, and objective and can effectively removed the impact of bare.Using the maximum likelihood method we get the conditions of land use on 2002 and 2005, and through the transfer matrix of land use area we analysis the transforming relationship between the land use area of the construction and the other land and the impact on the non-construction land.
Through this paper the following conclusions can be drawn:
(1) Through the analysis on TM image we get the suitable construction land information extraction method for Zhuhai City, extract the construction land information using this method and compare with the maximum likelihood method and the human-computer interpretation method, the overall accuracy of the three were 87.97%,75.86% and 90.04%, my method has the rapid,objective and accurate characteristic.
(2) Based on the thinking of the Sample instead of the Whole, we take the Sample DN (Bare max+Construction)/2 as the threshold, effectively removed the impact of the bare information.
(3) Through extract the construction land information of 2002 and 2005 and do the extended analysis, we can see that the construction land of Zhuhai increased rapidly in three years and increase of 38.53%.
(4) Using maximum likelihood method extract the land use condition of Zhuhai and analysis the transforming relationship between the land use area of the construction and the other by the transfer matrix. The result show that the increased construction land of Zhuhai transformed from the farmland, the forest, the unused land and the reclamation land.
引文
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[5]Fulong Wu. SimLand a Prototype to Simulate Land ConversionThrough the Integrated GIS and CA with AHP2ceriverd transition rules[J]. INT. J. Geographical Information Science,1998,12 (1):63～82.
[6]戴建光,蔡海良.基于TM影像的城市建筑用地信息提取方法研究[J].现代测绘,2008,31(6)：34～36
[7]史培军,宫鹏,李晓兵等.土地利用／土地覆盖变化研究的方法与实践[M].北京：科学出版社,2000.
[8]R. Welch. Spatial Resolution Requirements for Urban Studies [J].INT. J. Remote Sensing,1982,3(2):139～146.
[9]陈述彭.遥感地学分析的时空维[J].遥感学报,1997,1(3)：161～171.
[10]杨存建.基于知识发现的遥感专题信息提取研究[D].中科院地理所博士学位论文,1999
[11]骆剑承,周成虎,杨艳.人工神经网络遥感影像分类模型及其与知识集成方法研究[J].遥感学报,2001,5(2)：122～129.
[12]B. C. Forster. An Examination of Some Problems and Solutions in Monitoring Urban Area from Satellite Platforms[J]. INT. J. Remote Sensing,1985,6(1):139～151.
[13]Barry N. Haack, Nevin Bryant,Steven Adams. An Assessment of Landsat MSS and TM Data forUrbanandNear urban Landcover Digital Classification[J].R.S of Environment,1987,21:201～213.
[14]杨晓梅.遥感影像的地学理解与分析[D].中科院地理所博士学位论文,1999
[15]杨存建,周成虎.基于知识发现的TM图像居民地自动提取研究[J].遥感技术与应 用,2001,16(1)：1～6.
[16]高玉蓉.基于决策树的土地利用现状信息提取研究[D].杭州：浙江大学,2006.
[17]陈华丽,陈值华,丁国平.用基于知识的决策树方法分层提取矿区土地类型—以湖北大冶为例[J].国土资源遥感,2004,61(3)：49～53
[18]杜明义.决策树方法在土地荒漠化分类中的应用研究[J].测绘科学,2006,31(2)：81～82.
[19]Muchoney D, Borak J, Chi C, et al. Application of the MODIS global supervised classification model to vegetation and landcover mapping of cent ral America[J] International Journal of Remote Sensing,2000,21 (6):1115～1138.
[20]赵萍,冯学智,林广发.SPOT卫星影像居民地信息自动提取的决策树方法研究[J].遥感学报,2003,7(4)：309-314.
[21]李德一,王大鹏,张安定等.遥感影像居民地信息自动提取方法研究进展[J].云南地理环境研究,2006,18(5)：48-51.
[22]党安荣,王晓栋,陈晓峰等.ERDAS IMA GINE遥感图像处理方法[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2003.508～523.
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