水貂胰蛋白酶消化模型的建立及外源酶对水貂消化和生产性能的影响
|
摘要
本文通过四个试验对水貂消化道参数与生产性能的研究，来建立水貂胰蛋白酶消化模型及确定外源酶对水貂消化和生产性能的影响，分为以下几个主要部分：
试验一：水貂胰蛋白酶作用模型的建立。试验采用66只水貂，采食后每隔30分钟测定300分钟内消化道内蛋白酶活性与pH值，反映水貂采食后消化道内消化规律的变化。由试验结果可知，水貂采食后消化道前段pH值为酸性，随采食时间的延长，pH值呈现先升高后降低的变化，但一直保持酸性pH值；消化道后段pH值为碱性，采食后其pH值随时间变化规律与消化道前段则正相反，呈现先变低，后升高的趋势，但一直保持碱性pH值；pH值转变时间大约在采食后90～120分钟；水貂采食后消化道各部位蛋白酶活性逐渐升高，大约在采食后60～120分钟时间段内达到最高，以后逐渐降低，在降低的过程中存在活性升高的波峰出现；水貂消化道各部位蛋白酶活性以回肠部位最高。
试验二：外源酶对水貂生产性能及肠道主要消化参数的影响。试验采用3×3复因子试验设计，在水貂传统日粮中添加外源酶，通过生产性能指标、消化道各部位的胰蛋白酶活性与pH值来验证添加外源酶对水貂生产性能与对水貂消化的影响。试验结果表明，添加外源酶对水貂的总体生产性能未产生明显影响，但对公貂活体长产生了极显著的影响，中水平蛋白酶添加组比对照组公貂活体长提高了9.15％；对水貂母貂胃蛋白酶活性并无显著影响；对公貂间胃蛋白活性的影响达到极显著水平，添加脂肪酶组公貂胃蛋白活性最高；对水貂十二指肠胰蛋白活性、回肠胰蛋白活性、公貂空肠胰蛋白活性并无显著影响；对母貂间空肠胰蛋白活性影响达显著水平，添加低水平淀粉酶与蛋白酶组显著高于其他组；对水貂结肠胰蛋白活性影响达极显著水平，添加蛋白酶与脂肪酶的最高水平组显著高于添加淀粉酶的中低水平组；对水貂公貂直肠胰蛋白活性并无显著影响；对水貂母貂直肠胰蛋白活性影响达极显著水平；对水貂胃内pH值、母貂肠内各部位pH值并无显著影响；对水貂公貂肠内各部位pH值的影响均达极显著水平，添加脂肪酶组与对照组在肠道内以回肠为分界线，回肠以前较高，以后较低；添加淀粉酶组正相反。添加蛋白酶组则在小肠各部位pH值一直保持较低水平。
试验三：外源酶对水貂糖代谢的影响。本试验采用56只16周龄健康短毛黑水貂，采用2×3复因子试验设计，研究添加外源淀粉酶与蛋白酶对水貂糖代谢水平的影响。结果表明，在育成期与冬毛生长期水貂传统日粮类型条件下，添加试验用淀粉酶与蛋白酶，对各试验组水貂肝糖元含量、公貂血糖水平影响不显著；对各试验组水貂母貂血糖水平影响显著，(P＜0.05)。添加高水平淀粉酶组效果最明显，其血糖水平高于对照组46.83％。
试验四：外源酶的添加与水貂日粮类型之间的关系。试验采用3×3复因子试验设计，在水貂特定日粮中添加外源酶，通过生产性能指标、营养物质消化率来验证适宜的试验日粮类型及在该日粮类型条件下适宜添加的外源酶类型。结果表明，在水貂冬毛生长期，在本试验日粮类型条件下，添加试验用酶对水貂活体长无显著影响；对各组水貂体重影响达极显著水平。植物性蛋白替代水平越高，水貂越冬体重损失越大；对饲料蛋白质消化率的影响达极显著水平，表现为植物性蛋白质替代水平越高，水貂对饲料中蛋白质的消化率越低，中性蛋白酶可极显著的提高水貂对饲料中蛋白质的消化率。其中添加中性蛋白酶的30％植物性蛋白替代试验组的饲料蛋白质消化率比不添加酶60％植物性蛋白替代试验组提高44.03％；对水貂饲料脂肪消化率的影响达极显著水平，其中添加中性蛋白酶的30％植物性蛋白替代试验组的饲料脂肪消化率比不添加酶60％植物性蛋白替代试验组提高129.45％。
Four experiments were conducted to investigate functional model of trypsinase and effect of extraneous enzyme to digestibility and production performance in mink by determining production performance and primary digestive parameter in alimentary canal of mink.
Exp.1 Foundation of functional model of trypsinase in mink. 66 minks were allocated rankomly into 11 groups. Activity of trypsinase and pH in enteron was determinated every 30 minutes during 300 minutes after feeding. The data could reflect digestive rule in enteron after feeding. The result of the trail indicts that pH in forepart of enteron is acidic after feeding. pH of forepart of enteron presents increasing first then falling when time is changing after feeding . pH of forepart of enteron keep acidic though PH is changing after feeding. PH of rearward of enteron is alkalescent. pH of rearward of enteron presents falling first then increasing when time is changing after feeding . pH of rearward of enteron keep alkalescent though pH is changing after feeding. pH of enteron changes at 90～120 minutes after feeding . Activity of trypsinase in enteron increases gradually after feeding. It abtains the highest at about 60～120 minutes after feeding. Then it falls gradually. Activity of trypsinase in enteron increase again in the course of falling. Activity of trypsinase in ileum is highest than other parts of enteron.
Exp.2 Effect of extraneous enzyme to production performance and primary digestive parameter in enteron of mink. The trail adopted 3×3 mulriple factor experimental design. Additive enzyme was added to traditional diet of mink. Production performance and activity of trypsinase and pH in enteron was determined in the trail. Effect of additive enzyme to production performance and digestion of mink was investigated. The result indicts that effect of additive enzyme to total production performance and pepsin activity of female mink is not very significant (P＞0.05) . But effect of additive enzyme to length of live male mink is very significant (P＜0.01) . Length of live male mink in moderate level papain group is higher 9.15% than antitheses group. Effect of additive enzyme to pepsin activity of male mink is very significant (P＜0.01) . Pepsin activity of male mink in additive lipase is highest. Effect of additive enzyme to activity of trypsinase of duodenum and ileum of mink is not very significant (P＞0.05) . Effect of additive enzyme to activity of trypsinase of jejunum of male mink is not very significant (P＞0.05) . Effect of additive enzyme to activity of trypsinase of jejunum of female mink is significant (P＜0.05) . Effect of additive enzyme to activity of trypsinase of colon of mink is very significant (P＜0.01) . Activity of trypsinase of colon in low level papain and amylase groups is higher significant than other groups. Effect of additive enzyme to activity of trypsinase of rectum of male mink is not very significant (P＞0.05). Effect of additive enzyme to activity of trypsinase of rectum of female mink is very significant (P＜0.01) .Effect of additive enzyme to pH in stomach is not very significant (P＞0.05) . Effect of additive enzyme to enteric pH of female mink is not very significant (P＞0.05) . Effect of additive enzyme to enteric pH of male mink is very significant (P＜0.01) .Enteron is divided into two parts regarding ileum as borderline. pH in forepart of enteron in additive lipase group and antitheses group is higher than other groups. pH in rearward enteron in additive lipase group and antitheses group is lower than other groups. pH of enteron in additive amylase group is antipodal with pH of enteron in additive lipase group and antitheses group. pH of enteron in additive papain group always keeps low level.
Exp.3 Effect of extraneous enzyme to sugar metabolism in mink. 56 16-week-old minks were allocated rankomly into 7 groups. The trail adopted 2×3 mulriple factor experimental design. Effect of additive amylase and papain to sugar metabolism in mink was investigated. The result indicts that effect of additive amylase and papain to glycogenic content of mink is not significant (P＞0.05) when feed is traditional diet in young mink period. Effect of additive amylase and papain to content of blood sugar of male mink is not significant (P＞0.05). Effect of additive amylase and papain to content of blood sugar of female mink is significant (P＜0.05). Effect of high level additive amylase to content of blood sugar of mink is more significant. Content of blood sugar of mink in high level additive amylase group is higher 46. 83% than antitheses group.
Exp.4 Research of relationship between extraneous enzyme and diet type of mink. The trail adopted 3×3 mulriple factor experimental design. Additive enzyme was added to given diet of mink. Production performance and rate of digestive nutritional component was determined in the trail. It was investigated that appropriate diet type and appropriate enzyme type and level when diet type is given in young mink period. The result indicts that effect of additive enzyme to length of live mink is not very significant ( P＞0.05 ) when diet type is given in young mink period. Effect of additive enzyme to weight gain of live mink is very significant (P＜0.01) . Level of vegetal protein substituteing creatural protein is higher, weight loss is bigger when mink live through the winter. Effect of additive enzyme to rate of digestive protein is very significant(P＜0.01). Level of vegetal protein substituteing creatural protein is higher, rate of digestive protein in feed is lower. Rate of digestive protein in neutral papain group is higher significant than other groups. Rate of digestive protein in additive neutral papain and 30% of vegetal protein substituteing creatural protein group is higher 44.03% than no additive enzyme and 60% of vegetal protein substituteing creatural protein group. Effect of additive enzyme to rate of digestive fat is very significant (P＜0.01). Rate of digestive fat in additive neutral papain and 30% of vegetal protein substituteing creatural protein group is higher 129.45% than no additive enzyme and 60% of vegetal protein substituteing creatural protein group.
试验一：水貂胰蛋白酶作用模型的建立。试验采用66只水貂，采食后每隔30分钟测定300分钟内消化道内蛋白酶活性与pH值，反映水貂采食后消化道内消化规律的变化。由试验结果可知，水貂采食后消化道前段pH值为酸性，随采食时间的延长，pH值呈现先升高后降低的变化，但一直保持酸性pH值；消化道后段pH值为碱性，采食后其pH值随时间变化规律与消化道前段则正相反，呈现先变低，后升高的趋势，但一直保持碱性pH值；pH值转变时间大约在采食后90～120分钟；水貂采食后消化道各部位蛋白酶活性逐渐升高，大约在采食后60～120分钟时间段内达到最高，以后逐渐降低，在降低的过程中存在活性升高的波峰出现；水貂消化道各部位蛋白酶活性以回肠部位最高。
试验二：外源酶对水貂生产性能及肠道主要消化参数的影响。试验采用3×3复因子试验设计，在水貂传统日粮中添加外源酶，通过生产性能指标、消化道各部位的胰蛋白酶活性与pH值来验证添加外源酶对水貂生产性能与对水貂消化的影响。试验结果表明，添加外源酶对水貂的总体生产性能未产生明显影响，但对公貂活体长产生了极显著的影响，中水平蛋白酶添加组比对照组公貂活体长提高了9.15％；对水貂母貂胃蛋白酶活性并无显著影响；对公貂间胃蛋白活性的影响达到极显著水平，添加脂肪酶组公貂胃蛋白活性最高；对水貂十二指肠胰蛋白活性、回肠胰蛋白活性、公貂空肠胰蛋白活性并无显著影响；对母貂间空肠胰蛋白活性影响达显著水平，添加低水平淀粉酶与蛋白酶组显著高于其他组；对水貂结肠胰蛋白活性影响达极显著水平，添加蛋白酶与脂肪酶的最高水平组显著高于添加淀粉酶的中低水平组；对水貂公貂直肠胰蛋白活性并无显著影响；对水貂母貂直肠胰蛋白活性影响达极显著水平；对水貂胃内pH值、母貂肠内各部位pH值并无显著影响；对水貂公貂肠内各部位pH值的影响均达极显著水平，添加脂肪酶组与对照组在肠道内以回肠为分界线，回肠以前较高，以后较低；添加淀粉酶组正相反。添加蛋白酶组则在小肠各部位pH值一直保持较低水平。
试验三：外源酶对水貂糖代谢的影响。本试验采用56只16周龄健康短毛黑水貂，采用2×3复因子试验设计，研究添加外源淀粉酶与蛋白酶对水貂糖代谢水平的影响。结果表明，在育成期与冬毛生长期水貂传统日粮类型条件下，添加试验用淀粉酶与蛋白酶，对各试验组水貂肝糖元含量、公貂血糖水平影响不显著；对各试验组水貂母貂血糖水平影响显著，(P＜0.05)。添加高水平淀粉酶组效果最明显，其血糖水平高于对照组46.83％。
试验四：外源酶的添加与水貂日粮类型之间的关系。试验采用3×3复因子试验设计，在水貂特定日粮中添加外源酶，通过生产性能指标、营养物质消化率来验证适宜的试验日粮类型及在该日粮类型条件下适宜添加的外源酶类型。结果表明，在水貂冬毛生长期，在本试验日粮类型条件下，添加试验用酶对水貂活体长无显著影响；对各组水貂体重影响达极显著水平。植物性蛋白替代水平越高，水貂越冬体重损失越大；对饲料蛋白质消化率的影响达极显著水平，表现为植物性蛋白质替代水平越高，水貂对饲料中蛋白质的消化率越低，中性蛋白酶可极显著的提高水貂对饲料中蛋白质的消化率。其中添加中性蛋白酶的30％植物性蛋白替代试验组的饲料蛋白质消化率比不添加酶60％植物性蛋白替代试验组提高44.03％；对水貂饲料脂肪消化率的影响达极显著水平，其中添加中性蛋白酶的30％植物性蛋白替代试验组的饲料脂肪消化率比不添加酶60％植物性蛋白替代试验组提高129.45％。
Four experiments were conducted to investigate functional model of trypsinase and effect of extraneous enzyme to digestibility and production performance in mink by determining production performance and primary digestive parameter in alimentary canal of mink.
Exp.1 Foundation of functional model of trypsinase in mink. 66 minks were allocated rankomly into 11 groups. Activity of trypsinase and pH in enteron was determinated every 30 minutes during 300 minutes after feeding. The data could reflect digestive rule in enteron after feeding. The result of the trail indicts that pH in forepart of enteron is acidic after feeding. pH of forepart of enteron presents increasing first then falling when time is changing after feeding . pH of forepart of enteron keep acidic though PH is changing after feeding. PH of rearward of enteron is alkalescent. pH of rearward of enteron presents falling first then increasing when time is changing after feeding . pH of rearward of enteron keep alkalescent though pH is changing after feeding. pH of enteron changes at 90～120 minutes after feeding . Activity of trypsinase in enteron increases gradually after feeding. It abtains the highest at about 60～120 minutes after feeding. Then it falls gradually. Activity of trypsinase in enteron increase again in the course of falling. Activity of trypsinase in ileum is highest than other parts of enteron.
Exp.2 Effect of extraneous enzyme to production performance and primary digestive parameter in enteron of mink. The trail adopted 3×3 mulriple factor experimental design. Additive enzyme was added to traditional diet of mink. Production performance and activity of trypsinase and pH in enteron was determined in the trail. Effect of additive enzyme to production performance and digestion of mink was investigated. The result indicts that effect of additive enzyme to total production performance and pepsin activity of female mink is not very significant (P＞0.05) . But effect of additive enzyme to length of live male mink is very significant (P＜0.01) . Length of live male mink in moderate level papain group is higher 9.15% than antitheses group. Effect of additive enzyme to pepsin activity of male mink is very significant (P＜0.01) . Pepsin activity of male mink in additive lipase is highest. Effect of additive enzyme to activity of trypsinase of duodenum and ileum of mink is not very significant (P＞0.05) . Effect of additive enzyme to activity of trypsinase of jejunum of male mink is not very significant (P＞0.05) . Effect of additive enzyme to activity of trypsinase of jejunum of female mink is significant (P＜0.05) . Effect of additive enzyme to activity of trypsinase of colon of mink is very significant (P＜0.01) . Activity of trypsinase of colon in low level papain and amylase groups is higher significant than other groups. Effect of additive enzyme to activity of trypsinase of rectum of male mink is not very significant (P＞0.05). Effect of additive enzyme to activity of trypsinase of rectum of female mink is very significant (P＜0.01) .Effect of additive enzyme to pH in stomach is not very significant (P＞0.05) . Effect of additive enzyme to enteric pH of female mink is not very significant (P＞0.05) . Effect of additive enzyme to enteric pH of male mink is very significant (P＜0.01) .Enteron is divided into two parts regarding ileum as borderline. pH in forepart of enteron in additive lipase group and antitheses group is higher than other groups. pH in rearward enteron in additive lipase group and antitheses group is lower than other groups. pH of enteron in additive amylase group is antipodal with pH of enteron in additive lipase group and antitheses group. pH of enteron in additive papain group always keeps low level.
Exp.3 Effect of extraneous enzyme to sugar metabolism in mink. 56 16-week-old minks were allocated rankomly into 7 groups. The trail adopted 2×3 mulriple factor experimental design. Effect of additive amylase and papain to sugar metabolism in mink was investigated. The result indicts that effect of additive amylase and papain to glycogenic content of mink is not significant (P＞0.05) when feed is traditional diet in young mink period. Effect of additive amylase and papain to content of blood sugar of male mink is not significant (P＞0.05). Effect of additive amylase and papain to content of blood sugar of female mink is significant (P＜0.05). Effect of high level additive amylase to content of blood sugar of mink is more significant. Content of blood sugar of mink in high level additive amylase group is higher 46. 83% than antitheses group.
Exp.4 Research of relationship between extraneous enzyme and diet type of mink. The trail adopted 3×3 mulriple factor experimental design. Additive enzyme was added to given diet of mink. Production performance and rate of digestive nutritional component was determined in the trail. It was investigated that appropriate diet type and appropriate enzyme type and level when diet type is given in young mink period. The result indicts that effect of additive enzyme to length of live mink is not very significant ( P＞0.05 ) when diet type is given in young mink period. Effect of additive enzyme to weight gain of live mink is very significant (P＜0.01) . Level of vegetal protein substituteing creatural protein is higher, weight loss is bigger when mink live through the winter. Effect of additive enzyme to rate of digestive protein is very significant(P＜0.01). Level of vegetal protein substituteing creatural protein is higher, rate of digestive protein in feed is lower. Rate of digestive protein in neutral papain group is higher significant than other groups. Rate of digestive protein in additive neutral papain and 30% of vegetal protein substituteing creatural protein group is higher 44.03% than no additive enzyme and 60% of vegetal protein substituteing creatural protein group. Effect of additive enzyme to rate of digestive fat is very significant (P＜0.01). Rate of digestive fat in additive neutral papain and 30% of vegetal protein substituteing creatural protein group is higher 129.45% than no additive enzyme and 60% of vegetal protein substituteing creatural protein group.
引文
1．曹筱佩，明文玉．瘦素对肝细胞葡萄糖氧化及葡萄糖激酶基因表达的影响．中华内分泌代谢杂志．1999，15(3)：131～133
2．陈小玲．酶制剂对不同饲料原料营养价值的互作效应模型研究[硕士学位论文]．中国 四川：四川农业大学，2004
3．崔国印，王兴成，安娟娟，等．豆腐代替动物性饲料饲喂水貂的消化试验．经济动物学报，1991，3：1～3
4．董兵．日粮类型及外源添加剂对断奶仔兔消化道酶活影响的研究[硕士学位论文]．中国 河北：河北农业大学，2004
5．范玉林，刘桂荣，田伟．利用大豆组织蛋白饲喂水貂的研究．经济动物学报，1993,3：1～5
6．范玉林．用黄豆粉代替水貂日粮中生肉的价值．经济动物学报,1979,1：51
7．付新华．大菱鲆消化酶的性质研究[硕士学位论文]．中国青岛：中国海洋大学，2004
8．高峰等．小麦基础日粮添加酶制剂对肉仔鸡生产性能和血液某些指标的影响．南京农业大学学报2000,23(4)：71～75
9．高宏伟．毛皮动物营养研究进展。国外畜牧科技1994,22(1)：36～39
10．顾宪红，方路．酶制剂对肉仔鸡生产性能及主要营养素代谢率的影响．饲料研究．2000，(4)：39～40
11．郭俊．水貂全颗粒饲料配方的研究．中国动物营养研究进展，天津：天津科技翻译出版公司，1992．
12．韩正康．大麦日粮添加酶制剂影响家禽营养生理及改善生产性能的研究．畜牧与兽医2000,32(1)：1～4
13．贺建华．皮毛动物营养研究进展[J]．国外畜牧科技,1995，22(1)：36～39
14．贺建华．鸡蛋在水貂营养中的应用．动物营养学报,1995,1(7)：10～14
15．霍启光．饲料生物学评定技术．北京：中国农业科技出版社，1996
16．计成，周庆，田河山．断乳前(胰、小肠内容物)几种消化酶活性变化的研究．动物营养学报，1997，9(3)：7～12
17．家畜饲养学(上册)．甘肃农业大学[M]．北京，农业出版社，1961
18．寇占英．哺乳犊牛消化道主要消化酶发育规律的研究．北京：中国农业大学．1999
19．雷秋霞．日粮不同蛋白水平对生长肉兔生产性能、营养物质利用、免疫及蛋白酶活的影响[硕士学位论文]．中国 山东：山东农业大学，2003
20．黎军胜．外源因子对罗非鱼消化酶活性和胰蛋白酶mRNA表达的影响[博士学位论文]．中国 南京：南京农业大学，2004
21．李光玉．杨福合．水貂蛋白质及氨基酸营养研究进展．经济动物学报，2004，4：237～241
22．李启鹏．哺乳犊牛胃中主要消化酶发育规律研究[M]．北京：中国农业大学，2000
23．刘波．益生素对异育银鲫消化酶活性、肠道菌群及生产性能的影响[硕士学位论文]．中国 南京：南京农业大学，2004
24．刘永刚译．酶应用于动物饲料：目前的问题及将来的发展．饲料酶制剂国际学术研讨会论文集．中国南京 1996．：128
25．马爱平．持续日变高温对肉仔鸡消化酶活性、骨骼肌氮沉积及HSP70 mRNA转录水平的影响[硕士学位论文]．中国北京：中国农业科学院研究生院，2004
26．马玉龙．饲用酶制剂的研究进展及应用前景．粮食与饲料工业．1998，(4)：29
27．朴厚坤等．实用水貂饲养与疾病防治．农业出版社．1989，41～56
28．苏小凤．饲料蛋白水平对宝石鲈生长和消化酶活性的影响[硕士学位论文]．中国浙江：浙江大学，2003
29．孙洪新．羔羊小肠消化酶活性变化规律研究[硕士学位论文]．中国 河北：河北农业大学，2003
30．孙益汉．怎样用蚕蛹干喂水貂．经济动物学报,1981．2：23～26
31．唐茂妍．胃蛋白酶—胰酶两步法体外评定加酶饲料蛋白质消化率的研究[硕士学位论文]．中国 南京：南京农业大学，2002
32．佟莉蓉．0～6月龄犊牛胰腺和小肠主要消化酶发育规律的研究[硕士学位论文]．中国山西：山西农业大学，2001
33．佟煜人，钱国成主编．中国毛皮兽饲养技术大全．中国农业科技出版社，1990
34．万志生．饲用复合酶对日粮营养物质消化和蛋鸡生产性能的影响[硕士学位论文]．中国 北京：中国农业大学，2004
35．王爱民．外源酶对异育银鲫消化道与肝胰脏酶活性、肠道组织及生产性能的影响[硕士学位论文]．中国南京：南京农业大学，2003
36．王宝山．日粮类型对小尾寒羊小肠各段消化酶活性影响的研究[硕士学位论文]．中国河北：河北农业大学，2003
37．王宏钰．利用大豆组织状蛋白饲喂水貂．经济动物学报，1986,3：13～14
38．王继远．1990毛皮动物手册．吉林科技出版社．23～35
39．王巨滨，王晶，辛彪．用发酵血粉喂水貂的初步试验．经济动物学报,1989,1：1～2
40．王连娣．谷氨酰胺对早期断奶仔猪胰腺及胰酶发育的影响[硕士学位论文]．中国 北京：中国农业科学院畜牧研究所，2000
41．王宵燕．姜曲海瘦肉型品种猪早期消化系统发育规律的研究[硕士学位论文]．中国 扬州：扬州大学，2003
42．伍莉，陈鹏飞．pH值对黄鳝肠道和肝脏主要消化酶活力的影响．饲料工业，2002，23(8)：40～41
43．杨凤．动物营养学．第二版．北京：中国农业出版社，2000
44．杨嘉实．貂的能量、蛋白质需要及其饲料配制综合研究报告．动物营养研究论文集，北京：中国农业大学出版社．1996
45．姚建国．外源酶对家禽内源消化酶活性及饲料氨基酸消化率影响的研究[硕士学位论文]．中国 南京：南京农业大学，2001
46．尹枝凤．用大豆组织状蛋白或特制豆腐饲养水貂的试验报告．经济动物学报，1985,1：1～4
47．张英杰．曰粮类型对肉牛消化道酶活的影响及饲料小肠消化率评定方法研究．北京：中国农业大学，2000
48．郑建初．动物蛋白资源大瓶螺的开发利用研究Ⅲ．大瓶螺作动物蛋白饲料的食物链开发利用．农村生态环境,1992,4：32～37
49．邹兴淮，刘安全，方兴奎，等．利用家兔副产品饲养水貂的调查报告．经济动物学报，1980,4：45～47
50．邹兴淮，孙吉虹，刘玉桓．蛋氨酸对幼龄水貂生长发育的影响．经济动物学报，1984,2：4～5
51．邹兴淮．毛皮兽饲养．中国林业出版社．1986，1～5
52．邹兴淮主编．野生动物营养学，哈尔滨：东北林业大学出版社，1991
53. Adair, J. F. M. Stout, and J.E. Oldfield. Mink. nutrition research.Progress report, 1966.. Special Report 207,Oregon State University, Corvallis,USA., 1965
54. Allen, M .R .P,V .E .Evans, and I. R. Sibbald. Energy: protein relationshiops in the diets of growing mink. Can. J. Physiol. Pharm. 1964,42:733～744
55. Allison J B. Biological evaluation ofproteins[J].Adv Prot Chem,1949,5:194
56. Atkinson ,J. Mink nutrition and feeding. Pp. 3.1-3.25 in mink.., bilolgy ,health and disease (Eds.D.BHunter and N.Lemieux). Graphic and Print Services,University of Guelph.Ontario, 1996
57. Bedford M R ,Scott T A ,and Silversides F G,et al. The effect of wheat cultivar growing environment and enzyme supplementation on digestibility of amino acids by broilers [J]. Can J Anim Sci. 1998 ,78 :335～342
58. Bedford, M.R., A.J.Morgan. The use of enzymes in poultry diets. World poult.sci.J. 1996, 52:62～68
59. Bis-Wencel, H. Saba, L. Kopczewski, A. Nowakowicz-Debek, B. Wnuk, W. Some biochemical parameters in serum of mink fed high energy feedstuff with antioxidant and preservative supplement. [Journal article. Conference paper] Scientifur. International Fur Animal Scientifc Association,Oslo, Norway: 2004. 28: 3, 165-167
60. Bis-Wencel, H. Saba, L. Liczmanski, A. Nowakowicz-Debek, B. A level of some indices of the oxidation state in blood plasma of mink at slaughter period under the definite maintenance and feeding conditions. [Journal article. Conference paper] Scientifur. International Fur Animal Scientifc Association,Oslo, Norway: 2004. 28: 3, 68-70. 10 ref
61. Bjornvad, C. R. Elnif, J. Sangild, P. T. Short-term fasting induces intra-hepatic lipid accumulation and decreases intestinal mass without reduced brush-border enzyme activity in mink (Mustela vison) small intestine. [Journal article] Journal of Comparative Physiology. B, Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology. Springer-Verlag,Berlin, Germany: 2004. 174: 8,625-632
62. Brink, A. L. Jeppesen, L. L. Behaviour of mink kits and dams (Mustela vison) in the lactation period. [Journal article] Canadian Journal of Animal Science. Agricultural Institute of Canada,Ottawa, Canada: 2005. 85: 1, 7-12
63. B(?)rsting C F , T N Clausen. Requirements of essential amino acids for mink in the growing-furring period[A].In :Birthe M Damgarrd.Proceedings of the VI International Scientific Congress in Fur Animal Production [C] Warsaw , Poland : International Fur Animal Science, Nutrition, Pathology and Disease , 1996 :15-24
64. B(?)rsting C .F . Influence of nutrition on fur quality [J ]. Scientifur ,1999 ,23 (2) :106
65. B(?)rsting C.F , Gade A. Glucose homeostasis in mink ( Mustela vison) A review based on interspecies comparisons[J ] Scientifur ,2000 ,24 :9～18
66. B(?)rsting C.F., and B.Damgaard.The intermediate glucose metabolism in the nursing period of the mink.IJF-seminar No.253,October 4-6, Gothenburg, Swenden.,1995
67. B(?)rsting C.F. and B Damgaard. The intermediate glucose metabolism in the nursing period of the mink[M]. NJF-seminar 1995 , 253
68. B(?)rsting C.F,and B.Riis,14CO_2 breath test in fed and fasted mink using methionine ,leucine and valine as substrates.Proceeding of the VII International Scientific Congress in Fur Animal Production, Kastoria, Greece. Scientifur, 2000, 24(4)VolIV~A:Nutrtion, 22—27
69. Brenes, A., M. Smith, W. Guenter, and R.R. Marquanrdt. Efeect of enzyme supplementation on the performance and digestive tract size of broiler chickens fed wheat and barley diets.Poult.Sci. 1993,72:1731 ～ 1739
70. Carsten Hejlesen , and Tove N Clausen. Low content of protein and fish in mink feed during winter and suckling periods.Technical Year Report, 1998a :39～43
71. Carsten Hejlesen , Tove N Clausen.Phase feeding of mink kits in the growth period[M] . Technical Year Report , 1998b: 73 -81
72. Chakrabarti, R. Rathore, R. M. Kumar, S. Study of digestive enzyme activities and partial characterization of digestive proteases in a freshwater teleost, Labeo rohita, during early ontogeny. [Journal article] Aquaculture Nutrition. Blackwell Publishing,Oxford, UK: 2006. 12: 1, 35—43.
73. Choct M,Hughes R J.Trimble R P.et al. Non-starch polysaccharide -degrading enzymes increase the performance of broiler chicken fed wheat of low apparent metabolizable energy. Journal of nutrition. 1995,125:485—492
74. Christ. S U ,Bartram H P,and Paul A , et al. Bile Acid Metabolism by Colonic Bacteria in Continuous Culture effects of Starch and pH[J] .Ani Nutr Metab . 1997 ,41:45—51
75. Christian Friis. B(?)rsting.Influence of nutrition on fur quality. Scienifur, 1999, .Vol23(2):106
76. Clausen, T. N. Sandbl, P. Correlation between liver fat and dry matter in mink (Mustela vison). [Journal article. Conference paper] Scientifur. International Fur Animal Scientifc Association,Oslo, Norway: 2004. 28: 3, 168—169
77. Daholan,T., and L.Blomstedt.Effect of protein level on fur and skin of the blue fox. Proceedings of the VII International Scientific congress in Fur Animal Production, Kastoria, Greece. Scientifur, 2000, 24(4)Vol IV～A: Nutrtion, 13-16
78. Damgaard B M, C F B(?)rsting , R Fink.Effect of dietary protein and carbohydrate supply on feed consumption , growth performance and blood parameters in mink dams during the nursing period[A] Proceedings of the VII International Scientific Congress in Fur Animal Production [C]. Scientifur, 2000 ,24(4): 17—21
79. Damgaard B,M.,Clausen,T.N.&Henriksen,P. Effect of protein and fat content in feed on plasma alanine～aminotransferase and hepatic fatty infiltration in mink. J.Vet. Med. 1994, 41:620—629
80. Damgaard B.Dietary energy supply to mink ( Mustela vison).～Effects on physiological parameters , growth performance and health[D]. Ph.D. Thesis. Department of Animal Science and Animal Health , The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University , Copenhagen , Denmark. 1997
81. Damgaard B.Effects of dietary protein supply of arginine on urinary orotic acid excretion, growth performance and blood parameters in growing mink(Mustela vison) kits fed low protein diets.Acta Agric.Scand,Sect.A,Animal Sc.,1998,48:113～121
82. Damgaard, B. M. Brsting, C. F. Ingvartsen, K. L. Fink, R. Effects of carbohydrate-free diets on the performance of lactating mink (Mustela vison) and the growth performance of suckling kits. [Journal article] Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica. Section A, Animal Science. Taylor & Francis AS,Oslo, Norway: 2003. 53: 3, 127—135. 21 ref
83. Damgaard, B. M. Brsting, C. F. Engberg, R. M. Jensen, S. K. Effects of high dietary levels of fresh or oxidised fish oil on performance and blood parameters in female mink (Mustela vison) during the winter, reproduction, lactation and early growth periods. [Journal article] Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica. Section A, Animal Science. Taylor & Francis AS,Oslo, Norway: 2003. 53: 3, 136—146.23 ref
84. Damgaard, B. M. Hansen, S. W. Effects of feeding strategy on behaviour, physiological parameters and feed residues in mink females. [Journal article. Conference paper] Scientifur. International Fur Animal Scientifc Association,Oslo, Norway: 2004. 28: 3, 170—173
85. Damian, A. Morphological and structural researches regarding the intestinal transit in mink of nursery. [Journal article] Buletinul Universitatii de Stiinte Agricole si Medicina Veterinara Cluj-Napoca, Seria Zootehnie, Biotehnologii s Medicina Veterinara. University of Agricultural Sciences, Central Library (Exchanges), Cluj-Napoca, Romania: 1999. 53: 203—206. 11 ref
86. Damian, A. Estimation of intestinal absorption surface in mink using micrometry. [Journal article] Buletinul Universitatii de Stiinte Agricole si Medicina Veterinara Cluj-Napoca, Seria Zootehnie, Biotehnologii s Medicina Veterinara. University of Agricultural Sciences, Central Library (Exchanges),Cluj-Napoca, Romania: 2000. 54: 241-244. 8 ref
87. Damian, A. Lisovschi-Chelesanu, C. Miclaus, V. Tuns, M. The peculiarities of annex glands of postdiaphragmatical digestive tract in breeding mink. [Romanian] [Journal article] Lucrai Stiinifice - Medicina Veterinara, Universitatea de Stiinte Agricole si Medicina Veterinara "Ion Ionescu de la Brad" Iasi. Universitatea de Stiinte Agricole si Medicina Veterinara "Ion Ionescu de la Brad" Iasi,Iasi, Romania: 2001a. 44: 3(1), 61 —66. 11 ref
88. Damian, A. Lisovschi-Chelesanu, C. Miclaus, V. Papuc, I. Morphological support of intestinal transit in breeding mink. [Romanian] [Journal article] Lucrai Stiinifice - Medicina Veterinara, Universitatea de Stiinte Agricole si Medicina Veterinara "Ion Ionescu de la Brad" Iasi. Universitatea de Stiinte Agricole si Medicina Veterinara "Ion Ionescu de la Brad" Iasi,Iasi, Romania: 2001b. 44: 3(1), 67—71. 14 ref
89. Danicke s.,W.vahjen, O.simon. 1999.Effect of dietary fat type and xylanase supplementation to rye-based broilers diet on selected bacterial groups adhering to the intestinal epithelium ,on transit time of feed ,and on nutrient digestibility.Poult.Sci.78:1292-1299
90. Deshmukh,D.R.,A.P.S,A.Mukhopadhyay,and M.Portoles.Effects of arginine～free diet on plasma and tissue amino acids in young and adult ferrets. J. Nutr. Biochem. 1991, 2:72—78
91. Doinick,E.H.,R.G.Warner,and C.F.Bassett.Influence of dier on fur growth.National Fur News ,1960,May issue,pp.12—13 ,56
92. Effird RC , Armstrong WD , Her . nan D L . The development of digestive capacity in young pigs : effects of age and weaning system [ J 1 . Journal of Animal Sicence, 1982 , 55 , 1380—1387
93. Eliis,L.AL&Hamosh,M. Bile salt stimulated lipase:Comparative studies in ferret milk and lactating mammary gland.Lipids, 1992,27:917-922
94. Elnif J , N E Hansen , KMortensen , et al. Production of digestive enzymes in mink kits[A].In :Birthe M Darngaard Proceedings of the IV International Congress in Fur Animal Production , Biology ,Pathology and Genetics of Fur Bearing Animals [C].Denmauk : Internatinal Fur Animal Scientific Association ,1988 ,320—326
95. Elnif J ,and P.T. Sangild.The role of glucocorticoids in the growth of the digestive tract in the mink (Mustela vison).Comp.Biochem.Physiol, 115 A,37—42
96. Enggaard-Hansen,N.,Finne,:.Skrede,A.&Tauson,A.H. Energiforsyningenhos mink of raev (Revuew if ebergt reqyurenebts if nubj abd fixmub Danish). Scandinavian Association of Agricultural Scientists. NJF report. 1991, No.63. DSR Forlag, Landbohojskolen, Copenhagen
97. Fernandez Antonio, R. Nieto, J. M. History and technical advances in the production of mink. [Spanish] [Journal article] Medicina Veterinaria. Pulso Ediciones S.O.,Barcelona, Spain: 2000. 17: 11, 277—282
98. Fink, R. Brsting, C. F. Damgaard, B. M. Rosted, A. K. L. A. Glucose metabolism and regulation in lactating mink (Mustela vison) - effects of low dietary protein supply. [Journal article] Archives of Animal Nutrition. Taylor & Francis Ltd,Abingdon, UK: 2002. 56: 2,155-166
99. Fink, R. Tauson, A. H. Chwalibog, A. Kristensen, N. B. Wamberg, S. Effects of low protein supply on energy metabolism and milk production of the mink (Mustela vison). (EAAP Scientific Series No. 109) [Book chapter. Conference paper] Progress in research on energy and protein metabolism. International Symposium, Rostock-Warnemunde, Germany, 13～18 September, 2003. Wageningen Academic Publishers,Wageningen, Netherlands: 2003. 163-166
100. Fink, R. Tauson, A. H. Chwalibog, A. Hansen, N. E. Kristensen, N. B. Wamberg, S. Effects of substitution of dietary protein with carbohydrate on lactation performance in the mink (Mustela vison). [Journal article] Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences. Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences,Jabonna, Poland: 2004. 13:4, 647-664
101. Glem-Hansen N.The requirement for sulphur containing amino acids for mink in the growth period[A],Report to the First International Scientific Congress in Fur Animal Production[C]. Helsinki ,Finland. 1976 :171
102. Glem-Hansen N. Protein requirement for mink in the lactation period Methods for evaluation of protein requirement during lactation[J] Acta Agric Scand , 1979 , 27 : 129-138
103. Glem-Hansen N.The protein requirement of mink during the growth period. I Effect of protein intake on nitrogen balance [Z] Acta Agric Scand , 1980a, 30 :336～344
104. Glem-Hansen N.The requirement for sulphur containing aminoacids of mink during the growth period [J ] . Acta Agric Scand ,1980b ,30 :349～356
105. Glem-Hansen , N N E Hansen. Amino acid deposition in mink during the growth period [J ] .Acta Agric Scand,1981, 31 : 410-414
106. Glem-Hansen N1 Utilization of Lcystine and L and D methionine by mink during the period of intensive hair growth[J]. Acta Agric Scand, 1982, 32 : 167-170
107. Glem-Hansen N1Review of protein and amino acid requirements for mink[J ] Scientifur, 1992 , 16 :122-141
108. Glover, K. E. Rouvinen-Watt, K. Regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism in the mink (Mustela vison) sequence analysis and development of molecular probes. [Journal article. Conference paper] Scientifur. International Fur Animal Scientifc Association,Oslo, Norway: 2004. 28: 3, 174-181
109. Gorril A.D.L, J W Thonas , W E Stewartet al.Exocrine pancreatic secretion by caives fed soybean and milk protein diets [J].Nutr, 1967 , 92 : 86-92
110. Gorrill A DL , D JS chingoethe , JW Thomas . Proteolytic activities and in vitro enzyme activity , and proteolytic enzyme activity and protein digestion in intestinal contents of ruminants at different ages [J]. Nutr. 1986, 96: 342-348
111. Gunnar Joergensen.Mink production,Danish Fur Breeders Association and Scientifur. 1985
112. Hadden graham. 1995. A new generation of feed enzyme. Poultry international. february: 42-43
113. Hammer, A. S. Andersen, T. H. Eriksen, T. Kortegaard, H. E. Dietz, H. H. Chriel, M. Radiographic evaluation of destructive periodontal disease in blue mink in relation to age and blood morphology. [Journal article] Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research. Canadian Veterinary Medical Association,Ottawa, Canada: 2005. 69: 2, 128-134. 29 ref
114. Hansen, M. U. Lassen, M. Tauson, A. H. Srensen, H. Clausen, T. Different ratio between n-6 and n-3 fatty acids in diets for lactating mink (Mustela vison) dams - effect on milk and kit tissue fatty acid composition. [Journal article. Conference paper] Scientifur. International Fur Animal Scientifc Association,Oslo, Norway: 2004. 28: 3, 103～109
115. Hansen, S. W. Jeppesen, L. L. The anticipatory behaviours of mink expecting a positive or negative reward. [Journal article. Conference paper] Scientifur. International Fur Animal Scientifc Association,Oslo, Norway: 2004. 28:3,19-23. 12 ref
116. Hellwing, A. L. F. Tauson, A. H. Chwalibog, A. Energy and nitrogen balance in growing mink kits fed bacterial protein. (EAAP Scientific Series No.109) [Book chapter. Conference paper] Progress in research on energy and protein metabolism. International Symposium, Rostock-Wamemunde, Germany, 13-18 September, 2003. Wageningen Academic Publishers,Wageningen, Netherlands: 2003. 175-178. 6 ref
117. Hejlesen, C. The effect of protein level on N-balance in adult mink (Mustela vison). [Journal article. Conference paper) Scientifur. International Fur Animal Scientifc Association,Oslo, Norway: 2004. 28: 3, 182— 187
118. Huerou-Luronl Le , P Gulillotyeau , C.Wicker～Planquart et al . Gastric and Pancreatic enzyme activities and their relationship with some gut regulatory peptides during postnatal development and weaning in calves [J] . Journal of Nutrtion . 1992 , 122 : 7 , 1434-1445
119. Hynes, A. M. Rouvinen-Watt, K. Armstrong, D. Body condition and glycemic control in mink females during reproduction and lactation. [Journal article. Conference paper] Scientifur. International Fur Animal Scientifc Association,Oslo, Norway: 2004. 28: 3, 79-86. 14 ref
120. Ikeda K, Kusan K. In Vitro Inhibition of Digestive Enzymes by Indigestible Polysacchrides[J j . Cereal Chem. 1983,60:260-263
121. Ikegami, S.,TsuchihaShi,F.,HM,H., TsuchihaShi,N., NM E. and Innami, S. Effect of viscous indigestible polysaccheddes on pancreatic-biliary secretion and digestibility organs in rats.Journal of Nutrition. 1990 ,120:35～ 60
122. Jensen MS ; Jakobsen K . , Development of digestive enzymes in pig with emphasis on lipolytic activity in the stomach and pancreas . Journal of Animal Science , 1997, 75 : 437- 445
123. Jensen MS , Thaela MJ , Pierzynowsk SG , etal. Exocrine pancreatic secretic in young pigs fed barley-based diets supplemented with beta～glucanase [ J ]. J Animal physiol Animal Nutrition , 1996 ,75 : 231- 241
124. Joergensen G,N. Glem～Hansen. Forsoeg med forskellige proteinkon centration kombineret med tilsaetning of methioine [J] Bilag Ti Forsoegslab. Arsmode, Copenhagen. 1970
125. Joergensen G,and N. Glem～Hansen.Fors0g med forskellige proteinm(?)ngder til mink.Dansk Pelsdyravl . 1972,35:15-23
126. Johan Inborr . Enzymes in animal feeding . Milling , 1990 , ( 2 ): 28-34
127. Johnson,I.T.,and Gee,M. Ethet of gel-forming gums on the inastinal unstirred layer and sugn transport in vitro. Gut. 1981,22:398-403
128. Johnston, D. Freeman, J. Dietary preference and digestive enzyme activities as indicators of trophic resource utilization by six species of crab. [Journal article] Biological Bulletin. Marine Biological Laboratory,Woods Hole, USA: 2005. 208: 1, 36-46
129. Jrgensen G, B.O Eggum. Mink skindets opbygning [J] Dansk Pelsdyravl, 1971 ,34 :261～267
130. Kainer,R.A.The gross anatomy of the digestive system of the mink. I .The headgut and the foregut. Am. J.Vet.Res. 1954a, 15:82-90
131. Kainer,R.A.The gross anatomy of the digestive system of the mink. I .The midgut and the hindgur. Am.J.Vet.Res. 1954b, 15.91-97
132. Kari Lj(?)kjel, Anders Stredel Effect of Feed Extrusion Temperatures on Digestibility of Protein , Amino Acids and Starch in Mink[A] .Proceedings of the VIIth International Scientific Congress in Fur Animal Production[C] . Scientifur, 2000 ,24(4) :3～6
133. Kirsti Rouvinen-Watt. An overview of protein and amino acid nutrition of the mink—— a true carnivore.2003
134. Kocher, A., M. Choct, M.D. Porter and J.Broz. Effects of enzyme addition to broiler diets containing high concentrations of canola or sunflower meal. Poult.Sci. 2000,79:1767-1774
135. KorgdalllA, Sell J.L . Influence of age on lipase,amylase and protease activities in pancreatic tissue and intestinal contents of young turkeys[J]. Poult. Sci., 1989,68: 1561-1568
136. Kosa, E. Kovacs, M. Rigo, Z. Effect of a vegetable extract (trade name: IMMUNOVET-HBMReg.) upon activity of digestive enzymes in rabbits. [Book chapter. Conference paper] Proceedings of the 8th World Rabbit Congress, September 7-10, 2004, Pueblo, Mexico. World Rabbit Science Association (WRSA),Corronsac, France: 2005. 1086-1090
137. KrogdhalA, sell J L . Influence of age on lipase , amylase and protease activities in pancreatic tissue and intestinal contents of young turkey [ J ]. Poultsci, 1989 , 68 : 1561-1563
138. Krogdahl, A. Ahlstrm,. Skrede, A. Nutrient digestibility of commercial dog foods using mink as a model. [Journal article. Conference paper] Journal of Nutrition. American Society for Nutritional Sciences,Bethesda, USA: 2004. 134: 8S, 2141S-2144S. 9 ref
139. Kulikov, N. E. Method of calculating metabolizable energy standards for young mink. [Journal article] Russian Agricultural Sciences. Allerton Press, Inc,New York, USA: 2002, publ. 2003. 6, 30-33. 4 ref
140. Kulikov, N. E. Balakirev, N. A. The importance of protein for young minks fed with dry food. [Journal article. Conference paper] Scientifur. International Fur Animal Scientifc Association,Oslo, Norway: 2004. 28: 3, 147-149
141. Kvartnikova, E. G. Kvartnikov, A. P. Nourishing qualities of APK concentrate for minks' cubs. [Journal article. Conference paper] Scientifur. International Fur Animal Scientifc Association,Oslo, Norway: 2004. 28: 3,150-153
142. Laerke, H. N. Hejlesen, C. Hedemann, M. S. Physico-chemical properties of different carbohydrate sources in the gut of mink. (Journal article. Conference paper] Scientifur. International Fur Animal Scientifc Association,Oslo, Norway: 2004. 28: 3, 110-115
143. Layton,H.N.Development of digestive capabilities and improvement of diet utilization by mink pre- and post-weaning with emphasis on gastric lipase. M.Sc.Thesis Nova Scotia Agricultural College,Truro and Dalhousie University, Halifax,NS.148pp,1998
144. Leoschke,W.L. The digestibility of animal fats and proteins by mink. Am.J.Vet.Res.1959b,20:1086
145. Leoschke,W.L.,and C.A.Elvehjem.The importance of arginine and methionine for the growth and fur development of mink fed purified diets. J.Nutr. 1959a,69:147
146. Lindemann MD ,Cornelius SG , Effect of age , weaning and diet on digestive enzymes level in the piglet. Journal of Animal science 1986 , 62 : 1298 -1307
147. Lj0kjel,k.,O.M.Harstad, and A.Skrede. Effect of heat treatment of soybean meal and fish meal on amino acid digestibility in mink and dairy cows.Animal Feed Science and Technology. 2000, 84:83-95
148. Ljkjel, K. Srensen, M. Storebakken, T. Skrede, A. Digestibility of protein, amino acids and starch in mink (Mustela vison) fed diets processed by different extrusion conditions. [Journal article] Canadian Journal of Animal Science. Agricultural Institute of Canada,Ottawa, Canada: 2004. 84: 4,673-680
149. Makkar H P. et al . Effect of feeding urea On some hydroIytic and ammoni aassimilation enzymes in rabbit cecum[J]. Journal of Applied Rabbit Research , 1990 , (13): 35-38
150. Makkink A ; Berntsen J M.Gastric protein breakdown and pancreas enzyme activities in response to two different dietary protein sources in newly weaned pigs Journal of Animal Science,1994 ,72:2843- 2850
151. Marounek M et al . Distribution of activity of hydrolytic enzymes in the digestive tract of rabbits [ J ] . British Journal of Nutrition , 1995 . 73 ( 3 ): 463 ～ 468
152. Mertin, D. Suvegova, K. Fl'ak, P. Chrenkova, M. Digestibility of nutrients from feed rations for mink with different proportions of corn coarse meal. [Slovakian] [Journal article] Acta Fytotechnica et Zootechnica. Slovenska Polnohospodarska Univerzita v Nitre,Nitra, Slovakia: 2003. 6: 3, 81-84
153. Mller, S. H. Management of health in mink: a HACCP plan for energy allowance during winter and gestation in order to control sticky kits. [Journal article. Conference paper] Scientifur. International Fur Animal Scientifc Association,Oslo, Norway: 2004. 28: 3, 50-57
154. Mller, S. H. Nielsen, V. H. Hansen, B. K. Individual ad libitum feeding of male+female pairs of mink kits during the growth period increases weight gain and feed efficiency. [Journal article. Conference paper] Scientifur. International Fur Animal Scientifc Association,Oslo, Norway: 2004. 28: 3, 154-158
155. Mira Kerminen Hakkio , Tuula Dahlman , Paavo Niemela ,et al. Effect of Dietary Protein Level and Quality on Growth Rate and Fur Parameters in Mink[A] . Proceedings of the VIIth International Scientific Congress in Fur Animal Production[C]. Scientic fur ,2000,24(4) :7～12
156. MourotJ, T Corring . Adaptation of the lipasecolipase system to dietary lipid content in pig pancreatic tissue [J] . Ann . Biol. Anim . Biochem . Biophys ., 1979, 19 : 119
157. Mustonen, A. M. Puukka, M. Pyykonen, T. Nieminen, P. Adaptations to fasting in the American mink (Mustela vison): nitrogen metabolism. [Journal article] Journal of Comparative Physiology. B, Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology. Springer-Verlag GmbH,Berlin, Germany: 2005. 175: 5, 357-363
158. Mustonen, A. M. Pyykonen, T. Paakkonen, T. Ryokkynen, A. Asikainen, J. Aho, J. Mononen, J. Nieminen, P. Adaptations to fasting in the American mink (Mustela vison): carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. [Journal article] Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. A, Molecular & Integrative Physiology. Elsevier,New York, USA: 2005. 140: 2, 195-202
159. Newell C W.Nutrient flow and manure management in the mink industry [D] .M.Sc.Thesis.Nova Scotia Agricultural College ,Truro and Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS.1999
160. NRC: Nutrient Requirements of Mink and Foxes[M]. Washington :National Academy Press ,1982
161. Owsley w.F. et al. Effect of age weaning and diet on digestive enzyme levels in the piglet. J Anirn . Sci., 1986 , 62 : 1298-1307
162. Owsley WF , orr D F . Effcts of age and diet on the development of the pancreas and the synthesis and secretion of pancreatic enzyme in the young pig.Journal of Animnal Science 1986 ,63 : 497-504
163. Petersen,F.H.Fedding esperiments with breeding mink.I.Protein standards for breeding mink.Beretn.Forogslabil Kobenhavn. 1957a No.297
164. Petersen,I.M.,O.Sand,and P.G.S(?)resen.Effects of starvation on the activities of key enzymes of the glycolysis and the glyconeogenesis in liver of mink.NJF seminar, October 4～6,Gothenburg, Sweden, 1995
165. Polonen I, R.Scott , J. Oldfield Mink diet energy during pre～weaning and early post-weaning periods [J ].Scientifur ,1993 , 17 :47～51
166. Rasmussen P.V , Brsting C F. Effects of variation in dietary protein levels on hair growth and pelt quality in mink (Mustela vison) [J] Can J Anim Sci, 2000 ,80 :633～642
167. Rathore, R. M. Kumar, S. Chakrabarti, R. Digestive enzyme patterns and evaluation of protease classes in Catla catla (Family: Cyprinidae) during early developmental stages. [Journal article] Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. B, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology. Elsevier,New York, USA: 2005. 142: 1,98-106
168. Riis,B. Estimating protein synthesis by measuring the amounts of active translational elongation factor～2 in tissue samples from mink.Reviewed Report. Scientifur, 2000, 24:19-24
169. Rogers,Q.R.J.GMorris, and R.A.Freedland.Lack of hepatic enzymatic adaptation to low and high levels of dietary protein in the adult cat.Enzyme, 1977,22:348-356
170. Rouvinen K.I, S Archbold .S1Laffin , et allLongterm effects of tryptophan on behavioural response and growing furring perfor mance in silver fox (Vulpes vulpes) [J ].Appl Anim Behav Sci ,1999 ,63 .65-77
171. Rouvinen,K.l.,K.Pitre, M.B.White,and D.M.Anderson. Amino acid supplementation and diet balance in mink.Final Report .Canada's Green Plan. Canada/Nova Scotia Agreement on the Agriculture Component of the Green Plan. 1996,12p
172. Rouvinen-Watt K. Nutrient management in carnivore fur bearers [A]. Proceedings of the VII International Scientific Congress in Fur Animal Production [C]. Scientifur, 2000, 24(4) :25～35
173. Rouvinen-Watt, K. Murphy, J. P. Chan, C. Effect of feeding intensity on body condition and glycemic control in mink Mustela vison. [Journal article. Conference paper] Scientifur. International Fur Animal Scientifc Association,Oslo, Norway: 2004. 28: 3, 129-135. 18 ref
174. Russell J R . Effct of dietary corn starch intake on pancreatic amylase and intestinal mattase and PH in cattle. [J].Anim . Sci. 1981,52 : 1177-1128
175. Russell J R . Effect of dietary corn starch intake on ruminal small intestinstinal and large intestinal starch digestion in cattle [ J ]. Animal science, 1981 ,52: 1170
176. Sandbol, P. Clausen, T. N. Hejlesen, C. Ideal protein for mink (Mustela vison) in the growing and furring periods. [Journal article. Conference paper] Scientifur. International Fur Animal Scientifc Association,Oslo, Norway: 2004. 28: 3, 120-128
177. Sangild P T , J Elnif. Intestinal hydrolytic activity in young mink( Mustela vison) develops slowly postnatally and exhibits late sensitivity to glucocorticoids[J ]. J Nutr, 1996 , 126 : 2061-2068
178. Siddons R C . CarbOhydrase activities in bovine digestive tract. Biochem [ J] , 1968 , 108 : 839-844
179. Sinclair ,D.G,E.V.Evans,and I.R.Sibbald.The influence of apparent digestible energy and apparent digestible nitrogen in the diet on weight gain ,feed consumption ,and nitrogen retention of growing mink.Can.J.Biochem.Physiol.l962,40:1375～1389
180. Skrede A. Utilization of fish and animal byproducts in mink nutrition. I. Effect of source and level of protein on nitrogen balance ,postweaning growth and characteristics of winter fur quality[J ].Acta Agric Scand, 1978 ,28:105-129
181. Skrede A.,A.Krogdahl,and E.Austreng.Digestibility of amino acid ni raw fish flesh and meat～and～bone meal for the chicken,fox,mink and rainbow trout.Z. Tierphysiol., Tierernahrg. u. Futtermittelkde 1980,43:92-101
182. Skrede A.Soybean meal versus fish meal as protein source in mink diets.Acta Agric. Scand. 1977, 27:145-155
183. Slaska, B. Jakubczak, A. Jezewska, G. Prost, T. Rozempolska-Rucinska, I. Level of selected blood parameters of minks with different colour types. [Polish] [Journal article] Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska. Sectio EE Zootechnica. Wydawnictw Akademii Rolniczej,Lublin, Poland: 2003. 21: 2, 51-56. 11 ref
184. Srensen P G,I M Petersen , O.Sand. Activities of carbohydrate and amino acid metabolizing enzymes from liver of mink ( Mustela vison) and preliminary observations on steady state kinetics of the enzymes[J].Comp Biochem Physiol, 1995, I12B :59～64
185. Srensen, K. Grossman, M. Koops, W. J. Multiphasic growth curves in mink (Mustela vison) selected for feed efficiency. [Journal article] Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica. Section A, Animal Science. Taylor & Francis AS,Oslo, Norway. 2003. 53: 1, 41-50. 26 ref
186. Srensen, K. Koops, W. J. Grossman, M. Size allometry in mink (Mustela vison) selected for feed efficiency. [Journal article] Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica. Section A, Animal Science. Taylor & Francis AS,Oslo, Norway: 2003.53: 1,51-57. 12 ref
187. Szymeczko,R.,and A.Skrede.Protein digestion in the mink. Acta Agric. Scand, 1990, 40:189-200
188. Tauson A.H Fur bearing animals.Livestock Production Science.1988.19:355-367
189. Tauson A.H, J Elnif, N E Hansenl Energy metabolism and nutrient oxidation in the pregnant mink ( Mustela vison) as a model for other carnivores[J].J Nutr, 1994 , 124 : 2609S-2613S
190. Tauson A.H.Postnatal development in mink kits.Acta Agric. Scand,l996,44:177～184
191. Tauson AH , R Fink , A Chwalibog. Can gas exchange measurements be used for calculation of nutrient oxidation in mink (Mustela vison) exposed to short term changes in energy supply ? [A] .Ist International Rostock Workshop on Energy and Substrate Utilization[C].Rostock. 1996 :5～7
192. Tauson A.H,J.Elnif,and S,Wamberg.Nitrogen balance in adult female mink in response to normal feeding and short-term fasting.Br.J.Nutr. 1997,78:83-96
193. Tauson A.H.,A.Ali, K.Kanska,K.Sobeczynska, and A.Chwalibog. Breath test measurements in mink.Thermochimica Acta,2000,349: 53-59
194. Tauson, A. H. Hansen, N. E. Wamberg, S. High versus low protein diets to mink - postprandial plasma urea and creatinine response, osmotic load and pattern of nitrogen and electrolyte excretion. [Journal article] Archives of Animal Nutrition. Harwood Academic Publishers,St Helier, UK: 2001. 54: 2, 141-158. 24 ref
195. Tauson AH , R Fink , A Chwalibog.Protein as an energy source for lactationg mink estimated by breath test measurements of decarboxylation of 1～13C～labeeled leucine.Energy Metabolism in Animal.Proceedings from the 15~(th) symposium,EAAP publication 2001,no.l03(Eds.A.Chwalibog and K.Jakobsen),pp.261-264
196. Tauson, A. H. Fink, R. Chwalibog, A. Hansen, N. E. Utilisation of essential milk amino acids for body gain in mink kits. (EAAP Scientific Series No.109) [Book chapter. Conference paper] Progress in research on energy and protein metabolism. International Symposium, Rostock-Warnemunde, Germany, 13-18 September, 2003. Wageningen Academic Publishers,Wageningen, Netherlands: 2003. 817-820. 7 ref
197. Tauson, A. H. Fink, R. Hansen, K. B. Hansen, N. E. Chwalibog, A. Utilization of milk energy by suckling mink kits. [Journal article] Archives of Animal Nutrition. Taylor & Francis Ltd,Abingdon, UK: 2004. 58: 2, 181-194.
198. Tauson, A. H. Forsberg, M. Chwalibog, A. High leptin in pregnant mink (Mustela vison) may exert anorexigenic effects: a permissive factor for rapid increase in food intake during lactation. [Journal article] British Journal of Nutrition. CAB International,Wallingford, UK: 2004. 91: 3, 411-421. many ref
199. Tauson AH, Fink R, Hansen NE, Chwalibog A. Utilization of milk amino acids for body gain in suckling mink (Mustek vison) kits.Arch Anim Nutr. 2005 Apr;59(2):99-109
200. Tawfeek M. Effect of feeding system and supplemented diet with Kemzyme on growth , blood constituents , carcass traits and reproductive performance in rabbits , under intensive productive conditionsIJ]. Egyptian Journal of Rabbit Science, 1996 ,6 (1): 21-37
201. Temouth JH , J.H.B.Roy ,SM.Shotton . Concurrent studies of the flow of digesta in the duodenum and of exocrine pancreatic secretion of calves AThe effect of age [J] .Br.J.Nutr.l976,36:523～535
202. Tove N.Clausen and Carsten Hejlessen.Different proportions between energy from protein,fat and carbohydrate in the feed for mink females during winter and sucking periods.Technical Year Report, 1998,pp.33～38
203. Tramati, C. Savona, B. Mazzola, A. A study of the pattern of digestive enzymes in Diplodus puntazzo (Cetti, 1777) (Osteichthyes, Sparidae): evidence for the definition of nutritional protocols. (Special issue: Animal welfare, human health and interactions with the environment) [Journal article] Aquaculture International. Kluwer Academic Publishers,Dordrecht, Netherlands: 2005. 13: 1/2, 89-95
204. Trapezov, O. V. Oskina, I. N. Gulevich, R. G Conflicts arise between minks of different behavioural types. [Journal article. Conference paper] Scientifur. International Fur Animal Scientifc Association,Oslo, Norway: 2004. 28: 3, 36-41
205. Vanlunen,T.Ideal protein——the optimum amino acid balance to maximize lean growth in the pig.Aphin Newstetter. 1995,8:1-2
206. Varnish S A , KJ Carpenterl Mechanisms of heat damage in proteins as sources of lysine , methionine and tryptophan[J]..Br J Nutr, 1975 (34) :3～5
207. Wamberg,S.J.Elnif,and A.H.Tauson.Assessment of the accuracy of quantitative urine collection in mink using osmotic pumps for continuous release of p～aniinohippuric acid and inulin.Laboratory Animals. 1996,30:267-272
208. Wamberg,S.,T.N.Clausen,C.R.Olesen,and O.Hansen.Nursing sickness in lactating mink. II Pathophysiology and changes in body fluid composition. Can. J. Vet. Res. 1992, 56: 95-101
209. Wang,C.S.,Martindate,M.E.,King,M.M. and Tang,J.Bile～salt～activated lipase: effect on kitten growth rate.Am.J.Clin.Nutr.l989,49:457～463
210. Wang ZY,Gleichmann H. Glut2 in pancreatic islets crucial target molecule in diabetes induced with multiple low doses of streptozotocin in mice. Diabetes, 1998,47:50-56
211. ZhiQun Zhang , Ronald R. Marquardt. A simple model for predicting the response of chicks to dietary enzyme supplementation. J.Anim.Sci. 1996,74:394-402
2．陈小玲．酶制剂对不同饲料原料营养价值的互作效应模型研究[硕士学位论文]．中国 四川：四川农业大学，2004
3．崔国印，王兴成，安娟娟，等．豆腐代替动物性饲料饲喂水貂的消化试验．经济动物学报，1991，3：1～3
4．董兵．日粮类型及外源添加剂对断奶仔兔消化道酶活影响的研究[硕士学位论文]．中国 河北：河北农业大学，2004
5．范玉林，刘桂荣，田伟．利用大豆组织蛋白饲喂水貂的研究．经济动物学报，1993,3：1～5
6．范玉林．用黄豆粉代替水貂日粮中生肉的价值．经济动物学报,1979,1：51
7．付新华．大菱鲆消化酶的性质研究[硕士学位论文]．中国青岛：中国海洋大学，2004
8．高峰等．小麦基础日粮添加酶制剂对肉仔鸡生产性能和血液某些指标的影响．南京农业大学学报2000,23(4)：71～75
9．高宏伟．毛皮动物营养研究进展。国外畜牧科技1994,22(1)：36～39
10．顾宪红，方路．酶制剂对肉仔鸡生产性能及主要营养素代谢率的影响．饲料研究．2000，(4)：39～40
11．郭俊．水貂全颗粒饲料配方的研究．中国动物营养研究进展，天津：天津科技翻译出版公司，1992．
12．韩正康．大麦日粮添加酶制剂影响家禽营养生理及改善生产性能的研究．畜牧与兽医2000,32(1)：1～4
13．贺建华．皮毛动物营养研究进展[J]．国外畜牧科技,1995，22(1)：36～39
14．贺建华．鸡蛋在水貂营养中的应用．动物营养学报,1995,1(7)：10～14
15．霍启光．饲料生物学评定技术．北京：中国农业科技出版社，1996
16．计成，周庆，田河山．断乳前(胰、小肠内容物)几种消化酶活性变化的研究．动物营养学报，1997，9(3)：7～12
17．家畜饲养学(上册)．甘肃农业大学[M]．北京，农业出版社，1961
18．寇占英．哺乳犊牛消化道主要消化酶发育规律的研究．北京：中国农业大学．1999
19．雷秋霞．日粮不同蛋白水平对生长肉兔生产性能、营养物质利用、免疫及蛋白酶活的影响[硕士学位论文]．中国 山东：山东农业大学，2003
20．黎军胜．外源因子对罗非鱼消化酶活性和胰蛋白酶mRNA表达的影响[博士学位论文]．中国 南京：南京农业大学，2004
21．李光玉．杨福合．水貂蛋白质及氨基酸营养研究进展．经济动物学报，2004，4：237～241
22．李启鹏．哺乳犊牛胃中主要消化酶发育规律研究[M]．北京：中国农业大学，2000
23．刘波．益生素对异育银鲫消化酶活性、肠道菌群及生产性能的影响[硕士学位论文]．中国 南京：南京农业大学，2004
24．刘永刚译．酶应用于动物饲料：目前的问题及将来的发展．饲料酶制剂国际学术研讨会论文集．中国南京 1996．：128
25．马爱平．持续日变高温对肉仔鸡消化酶活性、骨骼肌氮沉积及HSP70 mRNA转录水平的影响[硕士学位论文]．中国北京：中国农业科学院研究生院，2004
26．马玉龙．饲用酶制剂的研究进展及应用前景．粮食与饲料工业．1998，(4)：29
27．朴厚坤等．实用水貂饲养与疾病防治．农业出版社．1989，41～56
28．苏小凤．饲料蛋白水平对宝石鲈生长和消化酶活性的影响[硕士学位论文]．中国浙江：浙江大学，2003
29．孙洪新．羔羊小肠消化酶活性变化规律研究[硕士学位论文]．中国 河北：河北农业大学，2003
30．孙益汉．怎样用蚕蛹干喂水貂．经济动物学报,1981．2：23～26
31．唐茂妍．胃蛋白酶—胰酶两步法体外评定加酶饲料蛋白质消化率的研究[硕士学位论文]．中国 南京：南京农业大学，2002
32．佟莉蓉．0～6月龄犊牛胰腺和小肠主要消化酶发育规律的研究[硕士学位论文]．中国山西：山西农业大学，2001
33．佟煜人，钱国成主编．中国毛皮兽饲养技术大全．中国农业科技出版社，1990
34．万志生．饲用复合酶对日粮营养物质消化和蛋鸡生产性能的影响[硕士学位论文]．中国 北京：中国农业大学，2004
35．王爱民．外源酶对异育银鲫消化道与肝胰脏酶活性、肠道组织及生产性能的影响[硕士学位论文]．中国南京：南京农业大学，2003
36．王宝山．日粮类型对小尾寒羊小肠各段消化酶活性影响的研究[硕士学位论文]．中国河北：河北农业大学，2003
37．王宏钰．利用大豆组织状蛋白饲喂水貂．经济动物学报，1986,3：13～14
38．王继远．1990毛皮动物手册．吉林科技出版社．23～35
39．王巨滨，王晶，辛彪．用发酵血粉喂水貂的初步试验．经济动物学报,1989,1：1～2
40．王连娣．谷氨酰胺对早期断奶仔猪胰腺及胰酶发育的影响[硕士学位论文]．中国 北京：中国农业科学院畜牧研究所，2000
41．王宵燕．姜曲海瘦肉型品种猪早期消化系统发育规律的研究[硕士学位论文]．中国 扬州：扬州大学，2003
42．伍莉，陈鹏飞．pH值对黄鳝肠道和肝脏主要消化酶活力的影响．饲料工业，2002，23(8)：40～41
43．杨凤．动物营养学．第二版．北京：中国农业出版社，2000
44．杨嘉实．貂的能量、蛋白质需要及其饲料配制综合研究报告．动物营养研究论文集，北京：中国农业大学出版社．1996
45．姚建国．外源酶对家禽内源消化酶活性及饲料氨基酸消化率影响的研究[硕士学位论文]．中国 南京：南京农业大学，2001
46．尹枝凤．用大豆组织状蛋白或特制豆腐饲养水貂的试验报告．经济动物学报，1985,1：1～4
47．张英杰．曰粮类型对肉牛消化道酶活的影响及饲料小肠消化率评定方法研究．北京：中国农业大学，2000
48．郑建初．动物蛋白资源大瓶螺的开发利用研究Ⅲ．大瓶螺作动物蛋白饲料的食物链开发利用．农村生态环境,1992,4：32～37
49．邹兴淮，刘安全，方兴奎，等．利用家兔副产品饲养水貂的调查报告．经济动物学报，1980,4：45～47
50．邹兴淮，孙吉虹，刘玉桓．蛋氨酸对幼龄水貂生长发育的影响．经济动物学报，1984,2：4～5
51．邹兴淮．毛皮兽饲养．中国林业出版社．1986，1～5
52．邹兴淮主编．野生动物营养学，哈尔滨：东北林业大学出版社，1991
53. Adair, J. F. M. Stout, and J.E. Oldfield. Mink. nutrition research.Progress report, 1966.. Special Report 207,Oregon State University, Corvallis,USA., 1965
54. Allen, M .R .P,V .E .Evans, and I. R. Sibbald. Energy: protein relationshiops in the diets of growing mink. Can. J. Physiol. Pharm. 1964,42:733～744
55. Allison J B. Biological evaluation ofproteins[J].Adv Prot Chem,1949,5:194
56. Atkinson ,J. Mink nutrition and feeding. Pp. 3.1-3.25 in mink.., bilolgy ,health and disease (Eds.D.BHunter and N.Lemieux). Graphic and Print Services,University of Guelph.Ontario, 1996
57. Bedford M R ,Scott T A ,and Silversides F G,et al. The effect of wheat cultivar growing environment and enzyme supplementation on digestibility of amino acids by broilers [J]. Can J Anim Sci. 1998 ,78 :335～342
58. Bedford, M.R., A.J.Morgan. The use of enzymes in poultry diets. World poult.sci.J. 1996, 52:62～68
59. Bis-Wencel, H. Saba, L. Kopczewski, A. Nowakowicz-Debek, B. Wnuk, W. Some biochemical parameters in serum of mink fed high energy feedstuff with antioxidant and preservative supplement. [Journal article. Conference paper] Scientifur. International Fur Animal Scientifc Association,Oslo, Norway: 2004. 28: 3, 165-167
60. Bis-Wencel, H. Saba, L. Liczmanski, A. Nowakowicz-Debek, B. A level of some indices of the oxidation state in blood plasma of mink at slaughter period under the definite maintenance and feeding conditions. [Journal article. Conference paper] Scientifur. International Fur Animal Scientifc Association,Oslo, Norway: 2004. 28: 3, 68-70. 10 ref
61. Bjornvad, C. R. Elnif, J. Sangild, P. T. Short-term fasting induces intra-hepatic lipid accumulation and decreases intestinal mass without reduced brush-border enzyme activity in mink (Mustela vison) small intestine. [Journal article] Journal of Comparative Physiology. B, Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology. Springer-Verlag,Berlin, Germany: 2004. 174: 8,625-632
62. Brink, A. L. Jeppesen, L. L. Behaviour of mink kits and dams (Mustela vison) in the lactation period. [Journal article] Canadian Journal of Animal Science. Agricultural Institute of Canada,Ottawa, Canada: 2005. 85: 1, 7-12
63. B(?)rsting C F , T N Clausen. Requirements of essential amino acids for mink in the growing-furring period[A].In :Birthe M Damgarrd.Proceedings of the VI International Scientific Congress in Fur Animal Production [C] Warsaw , Poland : International Fur Animal Science, Nutrition, Pathology and Disease , 1996 :15-24
64. B(?)rsting C .F . Influence of nutrition on fur quality [J ]. Scientifur ,1999 ,23 (2) :106
65. B(?)rsting C.F , Gade A. Glucose homeostasis in mink ( Mustela vison) A review based on interspecies comparisons[J ] Scientifur ,2000 ,24 :9～18
66. B(?)rsting C.F., and B.Damgaard.The intermediate glucose metabolism in the nursing period of the mink.IJF-seminar No.253,October 4-6, Gothenburg, Swenden.,1995
67. B(?)rsting C.F. and B Damgaard. The intermediate glucose metabolism in the nursing period of the mink[M]. NJF-seminar 1995 , 253
68. B(?)rsting C.F,and B.Riis,14CO_2 breath test in fed and fasted mink using methionine ,leucine and valine as substrates.Proceeding of the VII International Scientific Congress in Fur Animal Production, Kastoria, Greece. Scientifur, 2000, 24(4)VolIV~A:Nutrtion, 22—27
69. Brenes, A., M. Smith, W. Guenter, and R.R. Marquanrdt. Efeect of enzyme supplementation on the performance and digestive tract size of broiler chickens fed wheat and barley diets.Poult.Sci. 1993,72:1731 ～ 1739
70. Carsten Hejlesen , and Tove N Clausen. Low content of protein and fish in mink feed during winter and suckling periods.Technical Year Report, 1998a :39～43
71. Carsten Hejlesen , Tove N Clausen.Phase feeding of mink kits in the growth period[M] . Technical Year Report , 1998b: 73 -81
72. Chakrabarti, R. Rathore, R. M. Kumar, S. Study of digestive enzyme activities and partial characterization of digestive proteases in a freshwater teleost, Labeo rohita, during early ontogeny. [Journal article] Aquaculture Nutrition. Blackwell Publishing,Oxford, UK: 2006. 12: 1, 35—43.
73. Choct M,Hughes R J.Trimble R P.et al. Non-starch polysaccharide -degrading enzymes increase the performance of broiler chicken fed wheat of low apparent metabolizable energy. Journal of nutrition. 1995,125:485—492
74. Christ. S U ,Bartram H P,and Paul A , et al. Bile Acid Metabolism by Colonic Bacteria in Continuous Culture effects of Starch and pH[J] .Ani Nutr Metab . 1997 ,41:45—51
75. Christian Friis. B(?)rsting.Influence of nutrition on fur quality. Scienifur, 1999, .Vol23(2):106
76. Clausen, T. N. Sandbl, P. Correlation between liver fat and dry matter in mink (Mustela vison). [Journal article. Conference paper] Scientifur. International Fur Animal Scientifc Association,Oslo, Norway: 2004. 28: 3, 168—169
77. Daholan,T., and L.Blomstedt.Effect of protein level on fur and skin of the blue fox. Proceedings of the VII International Scientific congress in Fur Animal Production, Kastoria, Greece. Scientifur, 2000, 24(4)Vol IV～A: Nutrtion, 13-16
78. Damgaard B M, C F B(?)rsting , R Fink.Effect of dietary protein and carbohydrate supply on feed consumption , growth performance and blood parameters in mink dams during the nursing period[A] Proceedings of the VII International Scientific Congress in Fur Animal Production [C]. Scientifur, 2000 ,24(4): 17—21
79. Damgaard B,M.,Clausen,T.N.&Henriksen,P. Effect of protein and fat content in feed on plasma alanine～aminotransferase and hepatic fatty infiltration in mink. J.Vet. Med. 1994, 41:620—629
80. Damgaard B.Dietary energy supply to mink ( Mustela vison).～Effects on physiological parameters , growth performance and health[D]. Ph.D. Thesis. Department of Animal Science and Animal Health , The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University , Copenhagen , Denmark. 1997
81. Damgaard B.Effects of dietary protein supply of arginine on urinary orotic acid excretion, growth performance and blood parameters in growing mink(Mustela vison) kits fed low protein diets.Acta Agric.Scand,Sect.A,Animal Sc.,1998,48:113～121
82. Damgaard, B. M. Brsting, C. F. Ingvartsen, K. L. Fink, R. Effects of carbohydrate-free diets on the performance of lactating mink (Mustela vison) and the growth performance of suckling kits. [Journal article] Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica. Section A, Animal Science. Taylor & Francis AS,Oslo, Norway: 2003. 53: 3, 127—135. 21 ref
83. Damgaard, B. M. Brsting, C. F. Engberg, R. M. Jensen, S. K. Effects of high dietary levels of fresh or oxidised fish oil on performance and blood parameters in female mink (Mustela vison) during the winter, reproduction, lactation and early growth periods. [Journal article] Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica. Section A, Animal Science. Taylor & Francis AS,Oslo, Norway: 2003. 53: 3, 136—146.23 ref
84. Damgaard, B. M. Hansen, S. W. Effects of feeding strategy on behaviour, physiological parameters and feed residues in mink females. [Journal article. Conference paper] Scientifur. International Fur Animal Scientifc Association,Oslo, Norway: 2004. 28: 3, 170—173
85. Damian, A. Morphological and structural researches regarding the intestinal transit in mink of nursery. [Journal article] Buletinul Universitatii de Stiinte Agricole si Medicina Veterinara Cluj-Napoca, Seria Zootehnie, Biotehnologii s Medicina Veterinara. University of Agricultural Sciences, Central Library (Exchanges), Cluj-Napoca, Romania: 1999. 53: 203—206. 11 ref
86. Damian, A. Estimation of intestinal absorption surface in mink using micrometry. [Journal article] Buletinul Universitatii de Stiinte Agricole si Medicina Veterinara Cluj-Napoca, Seria Zootehnie, Biotehnologii s Medicina Veterinara. University of Agricultural Sciences, Central Library (Exchanges),Cluj-Napoca, Romania: 2000. 54: 241-244. 8 ref
87. Damian, A. Lisovschi-Chelesanu, C. Miclaus, V. Tuns, M. The peculiarities of annex glands of postdiaphragmatical digestive tract in breeding mink. [Romanian] [Journal article] Lucrai Stiinifice - Medicina Veterinara, Universitatea de Stiinte Agricole si Medicina Veterinara "Ion Ionescu de la Brad" Iasi. Universitatea de Stiinte Agricole si Medicina Veterinara "Ion Ionescu de la Brad" Iasi,Iasi, Romania: 2001a. 44: 3(1), 61 —66. 11 ref
88. Damian, A. Lisovschi-Chelesanu, C. Miclaus, V. Papuc, I. Morphological support of intestinal transit in breeding mink. [Romanian] [Journal article] Lucrai Stiinifice - Medicina Veterinara, Universitatea de Stiinte Agricole si Medicina Veterinara "Ion Ionescu de la Brad" Iasi. Universitatea de Stiinte Agricole si Medicina Veterinara "Ion Ionescu de la Brad" Iasi,Iasi, Romania: 2001b. 44: 3(1), 67—71. 14 ref
89. Danicke s.,W.vahjen, O.simon. 1999.Effect of dietary fat type and xylanase supplementation to rye-based broilers diet on selected bacterial groups adhering to the intestinal epithelium ,on transit time of feed ,and on nutrient digestibility.Poult.Sci.78:1292-1299
90. Deshmukh,D.R.,A.P.S,A.Mukhopadhyay,and M.Portoles.Effects of arginine～free diet on plasma and tissue amino acids in young and adult ferrets. J. Nutr. Biochem. 1991, 2:72—78
91. Doinick,E.H.,R.G.Warner,and C.F.Bassett.Influence of dier on fur growth.National Fur News ,1960,May issue,pp.12—13 ,56
92. Effird RC , Armstrong WD , Her . nan D L . The development of digestive capacity in young pigs : effects of age and weaning system [ J 1 . Journal of Animal Sicence, 1982 , 55 , 1380—1387
93. Eliis,L.AL&Hamosh,M. Bile salt stimulated lipase:Comparative studies in ferret milk and lactating mammary gland.Lipids, 1992,27:917-922
94. Elnif J , N E Hansen , KMortensen , et al. Production of digestive enzymes in mink kits[A].In :Birthe M Darngaard Proceedings of the IV International Congress in Fur Animal Production , Biology ,Pathology and Genetics of Fur Bearing Animals [C].Denmauk : Internatinal Fur Animal Scientific Association ,1988 ,320—326
95. Elnif J ,and P.T. Sangild.The role of glucocorticoids in the growth of the digestive tract in the mink (Mustela vison).Comp.Biochem.Physiol, 115 A,37—42
96. Enggaard-Hansen,N.,Finne,:.Skrede,A.&Tauson,A.H. Energiforsyningenhos mink of raev (Revuew if ebergt reqyurenebts if nubj abd fixmub Danish). Scandinavian Association of Agricultural Scientists. NJF report. 1991, No.63. DSR Forlag, Landbohojskolen, Copenhagen
97. Fernandez Antonio, R. Nieto, J. M. History and technical advances in the production of mink. [Spanish] [Journal article] Medicina Veterinaria. Pulso Ediciones S.O.,Barcelona, Spain: 2000. 17: 11, 277—282
98. Fink, R. Brsting, C. F. Damgaard, B. M. Rosted, A. K. L. A. Glucose metabolism and regulation in lactating mink (Mustela vison) - effects of low dietary protein supply. [Journal article] Archives of Animal Nutrition. Taylor & Francis Ltd,Abingdon, UK: 2002. 56: 2,155-166
99. Fink, R. Tauson, A. H. Chwalibog, A. Kristensen, N. B. Wamberg, S. Effects of low protein supply on energy metabolism and milk production of the mink (Mustela vison). (EAAP Scientific Series No. 109) [Book chapter. Conference paper] Progress in research on energy and protein metabolism. International Symposium, Rostock-Warnemunde, Germany, 13～18 September, 2003. Wageningen Academic Publishers,Wageningen, Netherlands: 2003. 163-166
100. Fink, R. Tauson, A. H. Chwalibog, A. Hansen, N. E. Kristensen, N. B. Wamberg, S. Effects of substitution of dietary protein with carbohydrate on lactation performance in the mink (Mustela vison). [Journal article] Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences. Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences,Jabonna, Poland: 2004. 13:4, 647-664
101. Glem-Hansen N.The requirement for sulphur containing amino acids for mink in the growth period[A],Report to the First International Scientific Congress in Fur Animal Production[C]. Helsinki ,Finland. 1976 :171
102. Glem-Hansen N. Protein requirement for mink in the lactation period Methods for evaluation of protein requirement during lactation[J] Acta Agric Scand , 1979 , 27 : 129-138
103. Glem-Hansen N.The protein requirement of mink during the growth period. I Effect of protein intake on nitrogen balance [Z] Acta Agric Scand , 1980a, 30 :336～344
104. Glem-Hansen N.The requirement for sulphur containing aminoacids of mink during the growth period [J ] . Acta Agric Scand ,1980b ,30 :349～356
105. Glem-Hansen , N N E Hansen. Amino acid deposition in mink during the growth period [J ] .Acta Agric Scand,1981, 31 : 410-414
106. Glem-Hansen N1 Utilization of Lcystine and L and D methionine by mink during the period of intensive hair growth[J]. Acta Agric Scand, 1982, 32 : 167-170
107. Glem-Hansen N1Review of protein and amino acid requirements for mink[J ] Scientifur, 1992 , 16 :122-141
108. Glover, K. E. Rouvinen-Watt, K. Regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism in the mink (Mustela vison) sequence analysis and development of molecular probes. [Journal article. Conference paper] Scientifur. International Fur Animal Scientifc Association,Oslo, Norway: 2004. 28: 3, 174-181
109. Gorril A.D.L, J W Thonas , W E Stewartet al.Exocrine pancreatic secretion by caives fed soybean and milk protein diets [J].Nutr, 1967 , 92 : 86-92
110. Gorrill A DL , D JS chingoethe , JW Thomas . Proteolytic activities and in vitro enzyme activity , and proteolytic enzyme activity and protein digestion in intestinal contents of ruminants at different ages [J]. Nutr. 1986, 96: 342-348
111. Gunnar Joergensen.Mink production,Danish Fur Breeders Association and Scientifur. 1985
112. Hadden graham. 1995. A new generation of feed enzyme. Poultry international. february: 42-43
113. Hammer, A. S. Andersen, T. H. Eriksen, T. Kortegaard, H. E. Dietz, H. H. Chriel, M. Radiographic evaluation of destructive periodontal disease in blue mink in relation to age and blood morphology. [Journal article] Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research. Canadian Veterinary Medical Association,Ottawa, Canada: 2005. 69: 2, 128-134. 29 ref
114. Hansen, M. U. Lassen, M. Tauson, A. H. Srensen, H. Clausen, T. Different ratio between n-6 and n-3 fatty acids in diets for lactating mink (Mustela vison) dams - effect on milk and kit tissue fatty acid composition. [Journal article. Conference paper] Scientifur. International Fur Animal Scientifc Association,Oslo, Norway: 2004. 28: 3, 103～109
115. Hansen, S. W. Jeppesen, L. L. The anticipatory behaviours of mink expecting a positive or negative reward. [Journal article. Conference paper] Scientifur. International Fur Animal Scientifc Association,Oslo, Norway: 2004. 28:3,19-23. 12 ref
116. Hellwing, A. L. F. Tauson, A. H. Chwalibog, A. Energy and nitrogen balance in growing mink kits fed bacterial protein. (EAAP Scientific Series No.109) [Book chapter. Conference paper] Progress in research on energy and protein metabolism. International Symposium, Rostock-Wamemunde, Germany, 13-18 September, 2003. Wageningen Academic Publishers,Wageningen, Netherlands: 2003. 175-178. 6 ref
117. Hejlesen, C. The effect of protein level on N-balance in adult mink (Mustela vison). [Journal article. Conference paper) Scientifur. International Fur Animal Scientifc Association,Oslo, Norway: 2004. 28: 3, 182— 187
118. Huerou-Luronl Le , P Gulillotyeau , C.Wicker～Planquart et al . Gastric and Pancreatic enzyme activities and their relationship with some gut regulatory peptides during postnatal development and weaning in calves [J] . Journal of Nutrtion . 1992 , 122 : 7 , 1434-1445
119. Hynes, A. M. Rouvinen-Watt, K. Armstrong, D. Body condition and glycemic control in mink females during reproduction and lactation. [Journal article. Conference paper] Scientifur. International Fur Animal Scientifc Association,Oslo, Norway: 2004. 28: 3, 79-86. 14 ref
120. Ikeda K, Kusan K. In Vitro Inhibition of Digestive Enzymes by Indigestible Polysacchrides[J j . Cereal Chem. 1983,60:260-263
121. Ikegami, S.,TsuchihaShi,F.,HM,H., TsuchihaShi,N., NM E. and Innami, S. Effect of viscous indigestible polysaccheddes on pancreatic-biliary secretion and digestibility organs in rats.Journal of Nutrition. 1990 ,120:35～ 60
122. Jensen MS ; Jakobsen K . , Development of digestive enzymes in pig with emphasis on lipolytic activity in the stomach and pancreas . Journal of Animal Science , 1997, 75 : 437- 445
123. Jensen MS , Thaela MJ , Pierzynowsk SG , etal. Exocrine pancreatic secretic in young pigs fed barley-based diets supplemented with beta～glucanase [ J ]. J Animal physiol Animal Nutrition , 1996 ,75 : 231- 241
124. Joergensen G,N. Glem～Hansen. Forsoeg med forskellige proteinkon centration kombineret med tilsaetning of methioine [J] Bilag Ti Forsoegslab. Arsmode, Copenhagen. 1970
125. Joergensen G,and N. Glem～Hansen.Fors0g med forskellige proteinm(?)ngder til mink.Dansk Pelsdyravl . 1972,35:15-23
126. Johan Inborr . Enzymes in animal feeding . Milling , 1990 , ( 2 ): 28-34
127. Johnson,I.T.,and Gee,M. Ethet of gel-forming gums on the inastinal unstirred layer and sugn transport in vitro. Gut. 1981,22:398-403
128. Johnston, D. Freeman, J. Dietary preference and digestive enzyme activities as indicators of trophic resource utilization by six species of crab. [Journal article] Biological Bulletin. Marine Biological Laboratory,Woods Hole, USA: 2005. 208: 1, 36-46
129. Jrgensen G, B.O Eggum. Mink skindets opbygning [J] Dansk Pelsdyravl, 1971 ,34 :261～267
130. Kainer,R.A.The gross anatomy of the digestive system of the mink. I .The headgut and the foregut. Am. J.Vet.Res. 1954a, 15:82-90
131. Kainer,R.A.The gross anatomy of the digestive system of the mink. I .The midgut and the hindgur. Am.J.Vet.Res. 1954b, 15.91-97
132. Kari Lj(?)kjel, Anders Stredel Effect of Feed Extrusion Temperatures on Digestibility of Protein , Amino Acids and Starch in Mink[A] .Proceedings of the VIIth International Scientific Congress in Fur Animal Production[C] . Scientifur, 2000 ,24(4) :3～6
133. Kirsti Rouvinen-Watt. An overview of protein and amino acid nutrition of the mink—— a true carnivore.2003
134. Kocher, A., M. Choct, M.D. Porter and J.Broz. Effects of enzyme addition to broiler diets containing high concentrations of canola or sunflower meal. Poult.Sci. 2000,79:1767-1774
135. KorgdalllA, Sell J.L . Influence of age on lipase,amylase and protease activities in pancreatic tissue and intestinal contents of young turkeys[J]. Poult. Sci., 1989,68: 1561-1568
136. Kosa, E. Kovacs, M. Rigo, Z. Effect of a vegetable extract (trade name: IMMUNOVET-HBMReg.) upon activity of digestive enzymes in rabbits. [Book chapter. Conference paper] Proceedings of the 8th World Rabbit Congress, September 7-10, 2004, Pueblo, Mexico. World Rabbit Science Association (WRSA),Corronsac, France: 2005. 1086-1090
137. KrogdhalA, sell J L . Influence of age on lipase , amylase and protease activities in pancreatic tissue and intestinal contents of young turkey [ J ]. Poultsci, 1989 , 68 : 1561-1563
138. Krogdahl, A. Ahlstrm,. Skrede, A. Nutrient digestibility of commercial dog foods using mink as a model. [Journal article. Conference paper] Journal of Nutrition. American Society for Nutritional Sciences,Bethesda, USA: 2004. 134: 8S, 2141S-2144S. 9 ref
139. Kulikov, N. E. Method of calculating metabolizable energy standards for young mink. [Journal article] Russian Agricultural Sciences. Allerton Press, Inc,New York, USA: 2002, publ. 2003. 6, 30-33. 4 ref
140. Kulikov, N. E. Balakirev, N. A. The importance of protein for young minks fed with dry food. [Journal article. Conference paper] Scientifur. International Fur Animal Scientifc Association,Oslo, Norway: 2004. 28: 3, 147-149
141. Kvartnikova, E. G. Kvartnikov, A. P. Nourishing qualities of APK concentrate for minks' cubs. [Journal article. Conference paper] Scientifur. International Fur Animal Scientifc Association,Oslo, Norway: 2004. 28: 3,150-153
142. Laerke, H. N. Hejlesen, C. Hedemann, M. S. Physico-chemical properties of different carbohydrate sources in the gut of mink. (Journal article. Conference paper] Scientifur. International Fur Animal Scientifc Association,Oslo, Norway: 2004. 28: 3, 110-115
143. Layton,H.N.Development of digestive capabilities and improvement of diet utilization by mink pre- and post-weaning with emphasis on gastric lipase. M.Sc.Thesis Nova Scotia Agricultural College,Truro and Dalhousie University, Halifax,NS.148pp,1998
144. Leoschke,W.L. The digestibility of animal fats and proteins by mink. Am.J.Vet.Res.1959b,20:1086
145. Leoschke,W.L.,and C.A.Elvehjem.The importance of arginine and methionine for the growth and fur development of mink fed purified diets. J.Nutr. 1959a,69:147
146. Lindemann MD ,Cornelius SG , Effect of age , weaning and diet on digestive enzymes level in the piglet. Journal of Animal science 1986 , 62 : 1298 -1307
147. Lj0kjel,k.,O.M.Harstad, and A.Skrede. Effect of heat treatment of soybean meal and fish meal on amino acid digestibility in mink and dairy cows.Animal Feed Science and Technology. 2000, 84:83-95
148. Ljkjel, K. Srensen, M. Storebakken, T. Skrede, A. Digestibility of protein, amino acids and starch in mink (Mustela vison) fed diets processed by different extrusion conditions. [Journal article] Canadian Journal of Animal Science. Agricultural Institute of Canada,Ottawa, Canada: 2004. 84: 4,673-680
149. Makkar H P. et al . Effect of feeding urea On some hydroIytic and ammoni aassimilation enzymes in rabbit cecum[J]. Journal of Applied Rabbit Research , 1990 , (13): 35-38
150. Makkink A ; Berntsen J M.Gastric protein breakdown and pancreas enzyme activities in response to two different dietary protein sources in newly weaned pigs Journal of Animal Science,1994 ,72:2843- 2850
151. Marounek M et al . Distribution of activity of hydrolytic enzymes in the digestive tract of rabbits [ J ] . British Journal of Nutrition , 1995 . 73 ( 3 ): 463 ～ 468
152. Mertin, D. Suvegova, K. Fl'ak, P. Chrenkova, M. Digestibility of nutrients from feed rations for mink with different proportions of corn coarse meal. [Slovakian] [Journal article] Acta Fytotechnica et Zootechnica. Slovenska Polnohospodarska Univerzita v Nitre,Nitra, Slovakia: 2003. 6: 3, 81-84
153. Mller, S. H. Management of health in mink: a HACCP plan for energy allowance during winter and gestation in order to control sticky kits. [Journal article. Conference paper] Scientifur. International Fur Animal Scientifc Association,Oslo, Norway: 2004. 28: 3, 50-57
154. Mller, S. H. Nielsen, V. H. Hansen, B. K. Individual ad libitum feeding of male+female pairs of mink kits during the growth period increases weight gain and feed efficiency. [Journal article. Conference paper] Scientifur. International Fur Animal Scientifc Association,Oslo, Norway: 2004. 28: 3, 154-158
155. Mira Kerminen Hakkio , Tuula Dahlman , Paavo Niemela ,et al. Effect of Dietary Protein Level and Quality on Growth Rate and Fur Parameters in Mink[A] . Proceedings of the VIIth International Scientific Congress in Fur Animal Production[C]. Scientic fur ,2000,24(4) :7～12
156. MourotJ, T Corring . Adaptation of the lipasecolipase system to dietary lipid content in pig pancreatic tissue [J] . Ann . Biol. Anim . Biochem . Biophys ., 1979, 19 : 119
157. Mustonen, A. M. Puukka, M. Pyykonen, T. Nieminen, P. Adaptations to fasting in the American mink (Mustela vison): nitrogen metabolism. [Journal article] Journal of Comparative Physiology. B, Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology. Springer-Verlag GmbH,Berlin, Germany: 2005. 175: 5, 357-363
158. Mustonen, A. M. Pyykonen, T. Paakkonen, T. Ryokkynen, A. Asikainen, J. Aho, J. Mononen, J. Nieminen, P. Adaptations to fasting in the American mink (Mustela vison): carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. [Journal article] Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. A, Molecular & Integrative Physiology. Elsevier,New York, USA: 2005. 140: 2, 195-202
159. Newell C W.Nutrient flow and manure management in the mink industry [D] .M.Sc.Thesis.Nova Scotia Agricultural College ,Truro and Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS.1999
160. NRC: Nutrient Requirements of Mink and Foxes[M]. Washington :National Academy Press ,1982
161. Owsley w.F. et al. Effect of age weaning and diet on digestive enzyme levels in the piglet. J Anirn . Sci., 1986 , 62 : 1298-1307
162. Owsley WF , orr D F . Effcts of age and diet on the development of the pancreas and the synthesis and secretion of pancreatic enzyme in the young pig.Journal of Animnal Science 1986 ,63 : 497-504
163. Petersen,F.H.Fedding esperiments with breeding mink.I.Protein standards for breeding mink.Beretn.Forogslabil Kobenhavn. 1957a No.297
164. Petersen,I.M.,O.Sand,and P.G.S(?)resen.Effects of starvation on the activities of key enzymes of the glycolysis and the glyconeogenesis in liver of mink.NJF seminar, October 4～6,Gothenburg, Sweden, 1995
165. Polonen I, R.Scott , J. Oldfield Mink diet energy during pre～weaning and early post-weaning periods [J ].Scientifur ,1993 , 17 :47～51
166. Rasmussen P.V , Brsting C F. Effects of variation in dietary protein levels on hair growth and pelt quality in mink (Mustela vison) [J] Can J Anim Sci, 2000 ,80 :633～642
167. Rathore, R. M. Kumar, S. Chakrabarti, R. Digestive enzyme patterns and evaluation of protease classes in Catla catla (Family: Cyprinidae) during early developmental stages. [Journal article] Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. B, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology. Elsevier,New York, USA: 2005. 142: 1,98-106
168. Riis,B. Estimating protein synthesis by measuring the amounts of active translational elongation factor～2 in tissue samples from mink.Reviewed Report. Scientifur, 2000, 24:19-24
169. Rogers,Q.R.J.GMorris, and R.A.Freedland.Lack of hepatic enzymatic adaptation to low and high levels of dietary protein in the adult cat.Enzyme, 1977,22:348-356
170. Rouvinen K.I, S Archbold .S1Laffin , et allLongterm effects of tryptophan on behavioural response and growing furring perfor mance in silver fox (Vulpes vulpes) [J ].Appl Anim Behav Sci ,1999 ,63 .65-77
171. Rouvinen,K.l.,K.Pitre, M.B.White,and D.M.Anderson. Amino acid supplementation and diet balance in mink.Final Report .Canada's Green Plan. Canada/Nova Scotia Agreement on the Agriculture Component of the Green Plan. 1996,12p
172. Rouvinen-Watt K. Nutrient management in carnivore fur bearers [A]. Proceedings of the VII International Scientific Congress in Fur Animal Production [C]. Scientifur, 2000, 24(4) :25～35
173. Rouvinen-Watt, K. Murphy, J. P. Chan, C. Effect of feeding intensity on body condition and glycemic control in mink Mustela vison. [Journal article. Conference paper] Scientifur. International Fur Animal Scientifc Association,Oslo, Norway: 2004. 28: 3, 129-135. 18 ref
174. Russell J R . Effct of dietary corn starch intake on pancreatic amylase and intestinal mattase and PH in cattle. [J].Anim . Sci. 1981,52 : 1177-1128
175. Russell J R . Effect of dietary corn starch intake on ruminal small intestinstinal and large intestinal starch digestion in cattle [ J ]. Animal science, 1981 ,52: 1170
176. Sandbol, P. Clausen, T. N. Hejlesen, C. Ideal protein for mink (Mustela vison) in the growing and furring periods. [Journal article. Conference paper] Scientifur. International Fur Animal Scientifc Association,Oslo, Norway: 2004. 28: 3, 120-128
177. Sangild P T , J Elnif. Intestinal hydrolytic activity in young mink( Mustela vison) develops slowly postnatally and exhibits late sensitivity to glucocorticoids[J ]. J Nutr, 1996 , 126 : 2061-2068
178. Siddons R C . CarbOhydrase activities in bovine digestive tract. Biochem [ J] , 1968 , 108 : 839-844
179. Sinclair ,D.G,E.V.Evans,and I.R.Sibbald.The influence of apparent digestible energy and apparent digestible nitrogen in the diet on weight gain ,feed consumption ,and nitrogen retention of growing mink.Can.J.Biochem.Physiol.l962,40:1375～1389
180. Skrede A. Utilization of fish and animal byproducts in mink nutrition. I. Effect of source and level of protein on nitrogen balance ,postweaning growth and characteristics of winter fur quality[J ].Acta Agric Scand, 1978 ,28:105-129
181. Skrede A.,A.Krogdahl,and E.Austreng.Digestibility of amino acid ni raw fish flesh and meat～and～bone meal for the chicken,fox,mink and rainbow trout.Z. Tierphysiol., Tierernahrg. u. Futtermittelkde 1980,43:92-101
182. Skrede A.Soybean meal versus fish meal as protein source in mink diets.Acta Agric. Scand. 1977, 27:145-155
183. Slaska, B. Jakubczak, A. Jezewska, G. Prost, T. Rozempolska-Rucinska, I. Level of selected blood parameters of minks with different colour types. [Polish] [Journal article] Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska. Sectio EE Zootechnica. Wydawnictw Akademii Rolniczej,Lublin, Poland: 2003. 21: 2, 51-56. 11 ref
184. Srensen P G,I M Petersen , O.Sand. Activities of carbohydrate and amino acid metabolizing enzymes from liver of mink ( Mustela vison) and preliminary observations on steady state kinetics of the enzymes[J].Comp Biochem Physiol, 1995, I12B :59～64
185. Srensen, K. Grossman, M. Koops, W. J. Multiphasic growth curves in mink (Mustela vison) selected for feed efficiency. [Journal article] Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica. Section A, Animal Science. Taylor & Francis AS,Oslo, Norway. 2003. 53: 1, 41-50. 26 ref
186. Srensen, K. Koops, W. J. Grossman, M. Size allometry in mink (Mustela vison) selected for feed efficiency. [Journal article] Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica. Section A, Animal Science. Taylor & Francis AS,Oslo, Norway: 2003.53: 1,51-57. 12 ref
187. Szymeczko,R.,and A.Skrede.Protein digestion in the mink. Acta Agric. Scand, 1990, 40:189-200
188. Tauson A.H Fur bearing animals.Livestock Production Science.1988.19:355-367
189. Tauson A.H, J Elnif, N E Hansenl Energy metabolism and nutrient oxidation in the pregnant mink ( Mustela vison) as a model for other carnivores[J].J Nutr, 1994 , 124 : 2609S-2613S
190. Tauson A.H.Postnatal development in mink kits.Acta Agric. Scand,l996,44:177～184
191. Tauson AH , R Fink , A Chwalibog. Can gas exchange measurements be used for calculation of nutrient oxidation in mink (Mustela vison) exposed to short term changes in energy supply ? [A] .Ist International Rostock Workshop on Energy and Substrate Utilization[C].Rostock. 1996 :5～7
192. Tauson A.H,J.Elnif,and S,Wamberg.Nitrogen balance in adult female mink in response to normal feeding and short-term fasting.Br.J.Nutr. 1997,78:83-96
193. Tauson A.H.,A.Ali, K.Kanska,K.Sobeczynska, and A.Chwalibog. Breath test measurements in mink.Thermochimica Acta,2000,349: 53-59
194. Tauson, A. H. Hansen, N. E. Wamberg, S. High versus low protein diets to mink - postprandial plasma urea and creatinine response, osmotic load and pattern of nitrogen and electrolyte excretion. [Journal article] Archives of Animal Nutrition. Harwood Academic Publishers,St Helier, UK: 2001. 54: 2, 141-158. 24 ref
195. Tauson AH , R Fink , A Chwalibog.Protein as an energy source for lactationg mink estimated by breath test measurements of decarboxylation of 1～13C～labeeled leucine.Energy Metabolism in Animal.Proceedings from the 15~(th) symposium,EAAP publication 2001,no.l03(Eds.A.Chwalibog and K.Jakobsen),pp.261-264
196. Tauson, A. H. Fink, R. Chwalibog, A. Hansen, N. E. Utilisation of essential milk amino acids for body gain in mink kits. (EAAP Scientific Series No.109) [Book chapter. Conference paper] Progress in research on energy and protein metabolism. International Symposium, Rostock-Warnemunde, Germany, 13-18 September, 2003. Wageningen Academic Publishers,Wageningen, Netherlands: 2003. 817-820. 7 ref
197. Tauson, A. H. Fink, R. Hansen, K. B. Hansen, N. E. Chwalibog, A. Utilization of milk energy by suckling mink kits. [Journal article] Archives of Animal Nutrition. Taylor & Francis Ltd,Abingdon, UK: 2004. 58: 2, 181-194.
198. Tauson, A. H. Forsberg, M. Chwalibog, A. High leptin in pregnant mink (Mustela vison) may exert anorexigenic effects: a permissive factor for rapid increase in food intake during lactation. [Journal article] British Journal of Nutrition. CAB International,Wallingford, UK: 2004. 91: 3, 411-421. many ref
199. Tauson AH, Fink R, Hansen NE, Chwalibog A. Utilization of milk amino acids for body gain in suckling mink (Mustek vison) kits.Arch Anim Nutr. 2005 Apr;59(2):99-109
200. Tawfeek M. Effect of feeding system and supplemented diet with Kemzyme on growth , blood constituents , carcass traits and reproductive performance in rabbits , under intensive productive conditionsIJ]. Egyptian Journal of Rabbit Science, 1996 ,6 (1): 21-37
201. Temouth JH , J.H.B.Roy ,SM.Shotton . Concurrent studies of the flow of digesta in the duodenum and of exocrine pancreatic secretion of calves AThe effect of age [J] .Br.J.Nutr.l976,36:523～535
202. Tove N.Clausen and Carsten Hejlessen.Different proportions between energy from protein,fat and carbohydrate in the feed for mink females during winter and sucking periods.Technical Year Report, 1998,pp.33～38
203. Tramati, C. Savona, B. Mazzola, A. A study of the pattern of digestive enzymes in Diplodus puntazzo (Cetti, 1777) (Osteichthyes, Sparidae): evidence for the definition of nutritional protocols. (Special issue: Animal welfare, human health and interactions with the environment) [Journal article] Aquaculture International. Kluwer Academic Publishers,Dordrecht, Netherlands: 2005. 13: 1/2, 89-95
204. Trapezov, O. V. Oskina, I. N. Gulevich, R. G Conflicts arise between minks of different behavioural types. [Journal article. Conference paper] Scientifur. International Fur Animal Scientifc Association,Oslo, Norway: 2004. 28: 3, 36-41
205. Vanlunen,T.Ideal protein——the optimum amino acid balance to maximize lean growth in the pig.Aphin Newstetter. 1995,8:1-2
206. Varnish S A , KJ Carpenterl Mechanisms of heat damage in proteins as sources of lysine , methionine and tryptophan[J]..Br J Nutr, 1975 (34) :3～5
207. Wamberg,S.J.Elnif,and A.H.Tauson.Assessment of the accuracy of quantitative urine collection in mink using osmotic pumps for continuous release of p～aniinohippuric acid and inulin.Laboratory Animals. 1996,30:267-272
208. Wamberg,S.,T.N.Clausen,C.R.Olesen,and O.Hansen.Nursing sickness in lactating mink. II Pathophysiology and changes in body fluid composition. Can. J. Vet. Res. 1992, 56: 95-101
209. Wang,C.S.,Martindate,M.E.,King,M.M. and Tang,J.Bile～salt～activated lipase: effect on kitten growth rate.Am.J.Clin.Nutr.l989,49:457～463
210. Wang ZY,Gleichmann H. Glut2 in pancreatic islets crucial target molecule in diabetes induced with multiple low doses of streptozotocin in mice. Diabetes, 1998,47:50-56
211. ZhiQun Zhang , Ronald R. Marquardt. A simple model for predicting the response of chicks to dietary enzyme supplementation. J.Anim.Sci. 1996,74:394-402