增压器噪声控制与进气消声器设计研究
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摘要
进气噪声是增压型发动机的主要噪声源,本文介绍了增压型发动机进气噪声的研究现状和方法,阐述了进气噪声源特性、产生机理以及控制方法。本文根据涡轮增压器中主要噪声源特性,设计了两套进气消声器。由于能改善消声效果和保护吸声材料不被气流吹出,穿孔元件在阻性消声器中广泛应用。为预测消声器的声学性能,首先需要确定贴附有吸声材料的穿孔元件的声学特性。本文将针对消声器声学性能的计算方法和贴附有吸声材料的穿孔元件的声学特性开展系统研究。
采用有限元方法研究贴附有吸声材料的穿孔元件的声学特性,首先需建立穿孔板声阻抗的有限元模型,分析各种结构参数对穿孔板声学厚度修正系数的影响,并根据计算结果给出贴附有吸声材料的穿孔板声学厚度修正系数的近似公式。
以长纤维玻璃丝棉作为吸声材料实验样品,验证两载荷法测量吸声材料声学特性方法的正确性,并测量出硅酸铝岩棉的声学特性参数——复波数和复阻抗。
以设计的两套进气消声器为研究对象,建立其有限元模型,将本文获得的贴附有吸声材料的穿孔声阻抗新模型和所测得的硅酸铝的声学特性参数导入声学软件SYSNOISE,通过声学仿真预测进气消声器的传递损失,并与实验测量结果比较,可验证对进气消声器模型的处理是合理的。研究各种结构参数对进气消声器声学特性的影响,结果表明,可以通过调整穿孔率、吸声材料填充密度、吸声材料的厚度等参数来改善进气消声器的消声性能。
The induction noise is a major noise source of turbocharged engine. This thesis introduced the situation and methods of turbocharged engine intake system noise study, explained the source characteristics and generation mechanisms as well as the control method of intake noise. The present works design two kinds of intake silencers according to the source characteristics of intake system noise. The perforated elements are commonly used in dissipative silencers to improve the acoustic attenuation and protect the absorbing material from running. To predict the acoustic attenuation performance of silencers, the acoustic characteristics of perforated elements in contact with fibrous material need to be determined first. Therefore, the present thesis will investigate in detail the calculation methods of acoustic attenuation performance of silencers and the acoustic characteristics of perforated elements in contact with fibrous material.
The acoustic characteristics of perforated elements in contact with fibrous material are studied by using finite element methods. The finite element model for determination of the acoustic impedance of perforation is first built, and then the effect of various structure factors on the acoustic thickness correction coefficient of perforated element is investigated. A curve-fitting expression for the end correction coefficient is obtained based on the numerical results.
According to the principle of Two-Load method, the fiber glass was used to verify the methods of measuring the acoustic characteristic parameters of absorptive material, and then the characteristic impedance and complex wavenumber of aluminium silicate had also been measured.
The finite element models of intake silencer were created based on the physical model of the two mufflers. The models for the acoustic impedance of perforation in contact with fibrous material and the acoustic characteristic parameters of aluminium silicate were imported to software SYSNOISE. The transmission loss of intake silencer had been calculated and compared with the measured results. The results indicated that the model created for intake silencer was reasonable. The effects of various structure factors on the intake silencer are studied. The results indicated that the desired acoustic attenuation performance of intake silencer can be obtained by accommodating porosity, the density of sound-absorbing material, thickness of sound-absorbing material and so on.
采用有限元方法研究贴附有吸声材料的穿孔元件的声学特性,首先需建立穿孔板声阻抗的有限元模型,分析各种结构参数对穿孔板声学厚度修正系数的影响,并根据计算结果给出贴附有吸声材料的穿孔板声学厚度修正系数的近似公式。
以长纤维玻璃丝棉作为吸声材料实验样品,验证两载荷法测量吸声材料声学特性方法的正确性,并测量出硅酸铝岩棉的声学特性参数——复波数和复阻抗。
以设计的两套进气消声器为研究对象,建立其有限元模型,将本文获得的贴附有吸声材料的穿孔声阻抗新模型和所测得的硅酸铝的声学特性参数导入声学软件SYSNOISE,通过声学仿真预测进气消声器的传递损失,并与实验测量结果比较,可验证对进气消声器模型的处理是合理的。研究各种结构参数对进气消声器声学特性的影响,结果表明,可以通过调整穿孔率、吸声材料填充密度、吸声材料的厚度等参数来改善进气消声器的消声性能。
The induction noise is a major noise source of turbocharged engine. This thesis introduced the situation and methods of turbocharged engine intake system noise study, explained the source characteristics and generation mechanisms as well as the control method of intake noise. The present works design two kinds of intake silencers according to the source characteristics of intake system noise. The perforated elements are commonly used in dissipative silencers to improve the acoustic attenuation and protect the absorbing material from running. To predict the acoustic attenuation performance of silencers, the acoustic characteristics of perforated elements in contact with fibrous material need to be determined first. Therefore, the present thesis will investigate in detail the calculation methods of acoustic attenuation performance of silencers and the acoustic characteristics of perforated elements in contact with fibrous material.
The acoustic characteristics of perforated elements in contact with fibrous material are studied by using finite element methods. The finite element model for determination of the acoustic impedance of perforation is first built, and then the effect of various structure factors on the acoustic thickness correction coefficient of perforated element is investigated. A curve-fitting expression for the end correction coefficient is obtained based on the numerical results.
According to the principle of Two-Load method, the fiber glass was used to verify the methods of measuring the acoustic characteristic parameters of absorptive material, and then the characteristic impedance and complex wavenumber of aluminium silicate had also been measured.
The finite element models of intake silencer were created based on the physical model of the two mufflers. The models for the acoustic impedance of perforation in contact with fibrous material and the acoustic characteristic parameters of aluminium silicate were imported to software SYSNOISE. The transmission loss of intake silencer had been calculated and compared with the measured results. The results indicated that the model created for intake silencer was reasonable. The effects of various structure factors on the intake silencer are studied. The results indicated that the desired acoustic attenuation performance of intake silencer can be obtained by accommodating porosity, the density of sound-absorbing material, thickness of sound-absorbing material and so on.
引文
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[3]要志斌.柴油机噪声机理分析及其声强识别技术研究.中北大学硕士学位论文.2007
[4]马大猷.噪声与振动控制工程手册.北京:机械工业出版社,2002,9
[5]李海光.车用涡轮增压器气动声学计算及分析研究.北京理工大学硕士学位论文.2008
[6] J.A. Calvo, V. Diaz, J. L. San Roman. Controlling the turbocharger whistling noise in diesel engines[J]. International Journal of Vehicle Noise and Vibration, 2006, 2(1): 17-28
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[2]蒋国鑫.涡轮增压器的噪声控制.噪声与振动控制.1986,8
[3]要志斌.柴油机噪声机理分析及其声强识别技术研究.中北大学硕士学位论文.2007
[4]马大猷.噪声与振动控制工程手册.北京:机械工业出版社,2002,9
[5]李海光.车用涡轮增压器气动声学计算及分析研究.北京理工大学硕士学位论文.2008
[6] J.A. Calvo, V. Diaz, J. L. San Roman. Controlling the turbocharger whistling noise in diesel engines[J]. International Journal of Vehicle Noise and Vibration, 2006, 2(1): 17-28
[7]居鸿宾,沈孟育.气动声学的问题、方法与进展[J].力学与实践,1995,17(5):1-10
[8]王泽晖,罗柏华,刘宇陆.关于气动力声学数值计算的方法与进展[J].力学季刊,2003,24(2):219-226
[9]王保国,刘淑艳,黄伟光.气体动力学[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社.2005
[10] Li Huibin, Zhou Lilin, Shangguan Yunfei, et al. Analysis on the Vibration Modes of the Rotor System of the Turbocharger[J]. Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology, 2006, 15(S): 108-112
[11]王延飞.新一代大型涡轮增压器.国外内燃机车.2006(1):17-23
[12]吴魏雄,沈保罗.增压式柴油发电机组的噪声治理技术.环境工程.1998,16(2)
[13]邵恩坡,程汉华.发动机进气噪声产生的机理及其控制.小型内燃机.1994,23(4):44-47页
[14]林进修,林晓.空气滤清器与进气消声.汽车研究与开发.1996(6):32-37页
[15] Hao Zhi-yong, Jia Wei-xin, Fang Fang. Virtual design and performance prediction of a silencing air cleaner used in an I. C. engine intake system. Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE, 2005, 6A(10): 1107-1114P
[16]方丹群编著.空气动力性噪声与消声器.北京:科学出版社,1978:59-91页
[17]方丹群,王文奇,孙家麒编著.噪声控制.北京:北京出版社,1986:401-403页
[18]任文堂,郄维周编著.交通噪声及其控制.人民出版社.1984:249-257页
[19] R. van Basshuysen, F. Schafer. Internal combustion engine handbook. SAE International: Warrendale, Pa. 2004: 240-247P
[20]朱廉洁,季振林.汽车发动机空气滤清器消声特性研究.汽车工程.2008,30(3):260-263页
[21] M. Knutsson, M. Abom. Acoustic analysis of charge air coolers. SAE paper 2007-01-2208
[22] S.H. Jang, J.G. Ih. On the multiple microphone method for measuring induct acoustic properties in the presence of mean flow. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1998, 103: 1520-1526P
[23] M.G. Jones, P.E. Stiede. Comparison of methods for determining specific acoustic impedance. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1997, 101: 2694-2704P
[24] A.F. Seybert, D.F. Ross. Experimental determination of acoustic properties using a two-microphone random-excitation technique. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1977, 61: 1362-1370P
[25] A.F. Seybert. Two-sensor methods for the measurement of sound intensity and acoustic properties in ducts. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1988, 83(6): 2233-2239P
[26] J.Y. Chung, D.A. Blaser. Transfer function method of measuring in-duct acoustic properties. I. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1980a, 68: 907-913P
[27] J.Y. Chung, D.A. Blaser. Transfer function method of measuring in-duct acoustic properties. II. Experiment. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1980b, 68: 914-921P
[28] M.E. Delany, E.N. Bazley. Acoustical properties of fibrous absorbent materials. Applied Acoustics. 1970, 3: 105-116P
[29] S.L. Yaniv. Impedance tube measurement of propagation constant and characteristic impedance of porous acoustical material. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1973, 54: 1138-1142P
[30] H. Utsuno, T. Tanaka, T. Fujikawa, A.F. Seybert. Transfer function method for measuring characteristic impedance and propagation constant of porous materials. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1989, 86: 637-643P
[31] Z. Tao, D.W. Herrin, A.F. Seybert. Measuring bulk properties of sound-absorbing materials using the two-source method. Noise and Vibration Conference SAE, 2003
[32] I. Lee, A. Selamet, N.T. Huff. Acoustic impedance of perforations in contact with fibrous material. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2006, 119(5): 2785-2797P
[33] L. Rayleigh. The theory of sound. London: Macmillan, 1894
[34] U. Ingard. On the theory and design of acoustic resonators. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1953, 25(6): 1037-1061P
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