单片机在注塑机温度控制中的应用研究
摘要
在螺杆式塑料注塑成型机(以下简称注塑机)的诸多输入、输出参数中,料筒温度是注塑机工作过程中的重要被控参数。温度控制精度对塑件的产量和质量以及注塑机的使用寿命和操作安全有着很大的影响。
本课题主要解决注塑机温度的检测与控制,通过分析注塑机的工作特性,针对传统注塑机温控系统存在的超调量大、调节时间长等特点,提出了温度控制系统的总体设计,力图设计出适合注塑机的温度检测与控制系统,以达到理想的控制效果。在分析多种控制算法、运用工程软件MATLAB7.0对模糊PID控制和常规PID控制进行仿真分析的基础上,提出了以模糊PID作为注塑机温度检测控制的控制算法;设计以AT89C51单片机为主体控制系统的模糊控制器的设计思路,阐述了控制器的设计方法及温度控制系统的软硬件设计方法。
注塑机以AT89C51单片机为控制核心,在常规PID控制基础上,应用模糊控制理论,设计出模糊PID控制器,实现对注塑机温度的实时控制。基于模糊PID控制算法的控制系统具有真正的智能化和灵活性,有自动检测、数据实时采集、处理及控制结果显示等功能,对于提高注塑机温度控制精度具有较好的意义。此外,本系统的控制算法、软硬件设计方法对于其它具有类似特性的控制系统设计具有一定的参考价值。
A great deal of input in the spiral shell pole type plastic injection molding machine (hereafter referred to as the moulding plastics machine), in the parameter of outputting, material tube temperature is that the importance in the working course of the moulding plastics machine is accused of the parameter. There is very great influence in moulding service life of output and quality and moulding plastics machine of one and operation security in the precision of temperature control.
This subject mainly solves detection and control of the moulding plastics machine temperature, through analyzing the performance characteristics of the moulding plastics machine, what exist exceeds the adjusting amount big and regulating the time long characteristic to the temperature-controled system of the tradition moulding plastics machine, propose the overall design of the control system of temperature, try hard to design the temperature detection of the suitable moulding plastics machine and control system, in order to reach the ideal control result. On the basis of analyzing many kinds of control algorithms, using the software MATLAB7.0 of the project to control artificial analysis to fuzzy PID controlling and regular PID, have proposed regarding fuzzy PID as the moulding plastics machine temperature and measuring the control algorithm controlled; Design the mentality of designing of the fuzzy controller taking AT89C51 one-chip computer as control system of the subject, the design method to explain controller and software and hardware design method of the control system of the temperature.
The moulding plastics machine regards AT89C51 one-chip computer as the core of controlling, on regular PID foundation of controlling, employ the fuzzy control theory, design fuzzy PID controller, realize the real-time control to the moulding plastics machine temperature. The control system based on that fuzzy PID controls the algorithm has real intelligent and flexibility, function of automatic detection, data gather, deal with and control the result and reveal in real timing etc., have better meanings in improving the precision of temperature control of the moulding plastics machine. In addition control algorithm, software and hardware to have control system to similar to characteristic design, have sure reference value while being other design method of this system.
本课题主要解决注塑机温度的检测与控制,通过分析注塑机的工作特性,针对传统注塑机温控系统存在的超调量大、调节时间长等特点,提出了温度控制系统的总体设计,力图设计出适合注塑机的温度检测与控制系统,以达到理想的控制效果。在分析多种控制算法、运用工程软件MATLAB7.0对模糊PID控制和常规PID控制进行仿真分析的基础上,提出了以模糊PID作为注塑机温度检测控制的控制算法;设计以AT89C51单片机为主体控制系统的模糊控制器的设计思路,阐述了控制器的设计方法及温度控制系统的软硬件设计方法。
注塑机以AT89C51单片机为控制核心,在常规PID控制基础上,应用模糊控制理论,设计出模糊PID控制器,实现对注塑机温度的实时控制。基于模糊PID控制算法的控制系统具有真正的智能化和灵活性,有自动检测、数据实时采集、处理及控制结果显示等功能,对于提高注塑机温度控制精度具有较好的意义。此外,本系统的控制算法、软硬件设计方法对于其它具有类似特性的控制系统设计具有一定的参考价值。
A great deal of input in the spiral shell pole type plastic injection molding machine (hereafter referred to as the moulding plastics machine), in the parameter of outputting, material tube temperature is that the importance in the working course of the moulding plastics machine is accused of the parameter. There is very great influence in moulding service life of output and quality and moulding plastics machine of one and operation security in the precision of temperature control.
This subject mainly solves detection and control of the moulding plastics machine temperature, through analyzing the performance characteristics of the moulding plastics machine, what exist exceeds the adjusting amount big and regulating the time long characteristic to the temperature-controled system of the tradition moulding plastics machine, propose the overall design of the control system of temperature, try hard to design the temperature detection of the suitable moulding plastics machine and control system, in order to reach the ideal control result. On the basis of analyzing many kinds of control algorithms, using the software MATLAB7.0 of the project to control artificial analysis to fuzzy PID controlling and regular PID, have proposed regarding fuzzy PID as the moulding plastics machine temperature and measuring the control algorithm controlled; Design the mentality of designing of the fuzzy controller taking AT89C51 one-chip computer as control system of the subject, the design method to explain controller and software and hardware design method of the control system of the temperature.
The moulding plastics machine regards AT89C51 one-chip computer as the core of controlling, on regular PID foundation of controlling, employ the fuzzy control theory, design fuzzy PID controller, realize the real-time control to the moulding plastics machine temperature. The control system based on that fuzzy PID controls the algorithm has real intelligent and flexibility, function of automatic detection, data gather, deal with and control the result and reveal in real timing etc., have better meanings in improving the precision of temperature control of the moulding plastics machine. In addition control algorithm, software and hardware to have control system to similar to characteristic design, have sure reference value while being other design method of this system.
引文
1 孙风勤.冲压与塑压设备[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003:172-202
2 张裕中,王景.食品挤压加工技术与应用[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,1998:68-70
3 MckeeLH,RayEE,RemmengaM.Quality evaluation of chile flavored[J].Journal of Food Science,1995,60(3):587
4 万力,彭云楼.单片机在注塑机温度控制中的应用[J].机械与电子,No.1,1997:16-18
5 王文林,宋执环,韩波,等.注塑机计算机控制系统设计[J].机电工程,No.2,2000:85-86
6 王志新,张华.注塑机料筒温度检测及实验研究[J].塑料科技,No.2,1995:39-42
7 王康正.注塑机控制系统设计[D].中国科学技术大学硕士论文,2006:3-4,17
8 潘新民,王燕芳.微型计算机控制技术[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003.1:82-84
9 周晓蕾.一种采用时间最优控制的PID恒温控制器[J].内蒙占大学学报,Vol.33No.05,2002:45-46
10 卫国爱.锅炉改造燃烧过程的自动控制[D].西安建筑科技大学硕士毕业论文,2001.4:32-34
11 李士勇.模糊控制与智能系统及其应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1990:69-72
12 章卫国,杨向忠.模糊控制理论与应用[M].西安:西北工业大学出版社,1999:48-56
13 李友善,李军.模糊控制理论及其在过程控制中的应用[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1996:123-132
14 易继锴,侯媛彬.智能控制技术[M].北京:北京工业大学出版社,1999:77-82
15 张文修,梁广锡.模糊控制与系统[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,1998:66-74
16 郑德玲.智能控制系统[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1994:32-40
17 孙卫青,徐元昌,黄敏.精密注塑机料筒温度的闭环控制[J].西北轻工业学院学报,No.2,2002:38-40
18 洪贤武.汽车液体(CNG)加热控制器的应用研究[D].长安大学硕士毕业论文,2004.5:8-10
19 韩全立,赵德申.微机控制技术及应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003:6-8
20 张毅坤.单片微型计算机原理及应用[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2001:24-29
21 谭家玉.单片机原理及接口技术16位及51系列8位单片机[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2003:48-68
22 雷思孝,李伯成.单片机原理及实用技术16位单片机原理及应用[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2004:22-25
23 何立民.单片机应用系统设计-系统配置与接口技术[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1999:27-33
24 王志新,张华.注塑机料筒温度控制研究[J].华东工业大学学报,No.3,1996:38
25 彭为,黄科,等.单片机典型系统设计-实例精讲.北京:电子工业出版社,2006:7-13
26 卜迟武.食品双螺杆挤出机温度控制系统的研究[D].哈尔滨商业大学硕士毕业论文,2006.3
27 16位单片机开发实例[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2006
28 孙传友,孙晓斌.测控系统原理与设计[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2002
29 陶永华,尹怡欣.新型PID控制系统及其应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1998
30 Commuri S,Lewis F L..CMAC Networks for Control of Nonlinear Dynamic System:Structure,Stability and Passivity.Automatica[J].1997,33(4):635-641
31 谢长生,胡亦鸣,钟武清.微型计算机控制基础[M].成都:电子科技大学出版社,1994
32 陶永华.PID控制原理和自整定策略[J].工业仪表与自动化装置,1997(4): 60-64
33 陶永华.自适应PID控制[J].工业仪表与自动化装置,1997(5):50-53
34 蒋新华.自适应PID控制[J].信息与控制,1988,17(5):41-49
35 Astrom K J,Wittenmark b.Self-Tuning controllers Based Pole-zero Placerican.Proc IEE,1980,127(3):126-129
36 Tjpkro S,Shah S L.Adaptive PID Control.Proceedings of the 1985 American Control Conference.1985:1528-1534
37 李挥,陈仲球,叶永集.注塑机加热过程多种控制方法的比较研究[J].塑料科技,1995(5):35-38
38 Wang H,Liu G P,Harris C J.Brown M.Advanced Adaptive Control[M].Pergamon Press,1996
39 Yongsheng Fang.study of adaptive fuzzy control of boiler superheated steam temperature based on dynamic mechanism analysis[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,1997
40 Yongsheng Ding.A new fuzzy self-tuning immune feedback control system[J].Control And Decision,2000
41 张建民,王涛.智能控制原理及应用[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2003
42 Karnopp D.Computer Simulation of Stick-slip Friction in Mechanical Dynamic Systems[J].Journal of Dynamic Systems,Measurement and Control,1985,107:100-103
43 韩瑞珍.PID控制器参数模糊自整定研究[D].浙江工业大学硕士毕业论文,2001.12
44 Forsythe G E,Malcolm M A,Moler C B.Computer methods for mathematical computations[M].Englewood Cliffs:Prentice-Hall,1977
45 Forsythe G E,Moler C B.Computer solution of linear algebraic systems[M].Englewood Cliffs:Prentice-Hall,1967
46 袁剑锋.单片机温控系统的设计与实验研究[D].广东工业大学硕士毕业论文,2004.5
47 Fuzzy logic Toolbox For Use with Matlab[M].The Math Works,Inc.1999
48 张国良,曾静.模糊控制及其MATLAB应用[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,2002.11
49 史建国.基于SPCE061A型单片机的食品螺杆膨化机温度的检测与控制[D].山东大学硕士毕业论文,2007.5
50 杨宁,胡学军.单片机与控制技术[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005.3:288-296
51 薛定宇,陈阳泉.基于MATLAB/Simulink的系统仿真技术与应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002.4
52 黄雄辉.一种新型模糊PID控制器的设计与仿真[J].北京:智能控制技术,2005.1
2 张裕中,王景.食品挤压加工技术与应用[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,1998:68-70
3 MckeeLH,RayEE,RemmengaM.Quality evaluation of chile flavored[J].Journal of Food Science,1995,60(3):587
4 万力,彭云楼.单片机在注塑机温度控制中的应用[J].机械与电子,No.1,1997:16-18
5 王文林,宋执环,韩波,等.注塑机计算机控制系统设计[J].机电工程,No.2,2000:85-86
6 王志新,张华.注塑机料筒温度检测及实验研究[J].塑料科技,No.2,1995:39-42
7 王康正.注塑机控制系统设计[D].中国科学技术大学硕士论文,2006:3-4,17
8 潘新民,王燕芳.微型计算机控制技术[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003.1:82-84
9 周晓蕾.一种采用时间最优控制的PID恒温控制器[J].内蒙占大学学报,Vol.33No.05,2002:45-46
10 卫国爱.锅炉改造燃烧过程的自动控制[D].西安建筑科技大学硕士毕业论文,2001.4:32-34
11 李士勇.模糊控制与智能系统及其应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1990:69-72
12 章卫国,杨向忠.模糊控制理论与应用[M].西安:西北工业大学出版社,1999:48-56
13 李友善,李军.模糊控制理论及其在过程控制中的应用[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1996:123-132
14 易继锴,侯媛彬.智能控制技术[M].北京:北京工业大学出版社,1999:77-82
15 张文修,梁广锡.模糊控制与系统[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,1998:66-74
16 郑德玲.智能控制系统[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1994:32-40
17 孙卫青,徐元昌,黄敏.精密注塑机料筒温度的闭环控制[J].西北轻工业学院学报,No.2,2002:38-40
18 洪贤武.汽车液体(CNG)加热控制器的应用研究[D].长安大学硕士毕业论文,2004.5:8-10
19 韩全立,赵德申.微机控制技术及应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003:6-8
20 张毅坤.单片微型计算机原理及应用[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2001:24-29
21 谭家玉.单片机原理及接口技术16位及51系列8位单片机[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2003:48-68
22 雷思孝,李伯成.单片机原理及实用技术16位单片机原理及应用[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2004:22-25
23 何立民.单片机应用系统设计-系统配置与接口技术[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1999:27-33
24 王志新,张华.注塑机料筒温度控制研究[J].华东工业大学学报,No.3,1996:38
25 彭为,黄科,等.单片机典型系统设计-实例精讲.北京:电子工业出版社,2006:7-13
26 卜迟武.食品双螺杆挤出机温度控制系统的研究[D].哈尔滨商业大学硕士毕业论文,2006.3
27 16位单片机开发实例[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2006
28 孙传友,孙晓斌.测控系统原理与设计[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2002
29 陶永华,尹怡欣.新型PID控制系统及其应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1998
30 Commuri S,Lewis F L..CMAC Networks for Control of Nonlinear Dynamic System:Structure,Stability and Passivity.Automatica[J].1997,33(4):635-641
31 谢长生,胡亦鸣,钟武清.微型计算机控制基础[M].成都:电子科技大学出版社,1994
32 陶永华.PID控制原理和自整定策略[J].工业仪表与自动化装置,1997(4): 60-64
33 陶永华.自适应PID控制[J].工业仪表与自动化装置,1997(5):50-53
34 蒋新华.自适应PID控制[J].信息与控制,1988,17(5):41-49
35 Astrom K J,Wittenmark b.Self-Tuning controllers Based Pole-zero Placerican.Proc IEE,1980,127(3):126-129
36 Tjpkro S,Shah S L.Adaptive PID Control.Proceedings of the 1985 American Control Conference.1985:1528-1534
37 李挥,陈仲球,叶永集.注塑机加热过程多种控制方法的比较研究[J].塑料科技,1995(5):35-38
38 Wang H,Liu G P,Harris C J.Brown M.Advanced Adaptive Control[M].Pergamon Press,1996
39 Yongsheng Fang.study of adaptive fuzzy control of boiler superheated steam temperature based on dynamic mechanism analysis[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,1997
40 Yongsheng Ding.A new fuzzy self-tuning immune feedback control system[J].Control And Decision,2000
41 张建民,王涛.智能控制原理及应用[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2003
42 Karnopp D.Computer Simulation of Stick-slip Friction in Mechanical Dynamic Systems[J].Journal of Dynamic Systems,Measurement and Control,1985,107:100-103
43 韩瑞珍.PID控制器参数模糊自整定研究[D].浙江工业大学硕士毕业论文,2001.12
44 Forsythe G E,Malcolm M A,Moler C B.Computer methods for mathematical computations[M].Englewood Cliffs:Prentice-Hall,1977
45 Forsythe G E,Moler C B.Computer solution of linear algebraic systems[M].Englewood Cliffs:Prentice-Hall,1967
46 袁剑锋.单片机温控系统的设计与实验研究[D].广东工业大学硕士毕业论文,2004.5
47 Fuzzy logic Toolbox For Use with Matlab[M].The Math Works,Inc.1999
48 张国良,曾静.模糊控制及其MATLAB应用[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,2002.11
49 史建国.基于SPCE061A型单片机的食品螺杆膨化机温度的检测与控制[D].山东大学硕士毕业论文,2007.5
50 杨宁,胡学军.单片机与控制技术[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005.3:288-296
51 薛定宇,陈阳泉.基于MATLAB/Simulink的系统仿真技术与应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002.4
52 黄雄辉.一种新型模糊PID控制器的设计与仿真[J].北京:智能控制技术,2005.1