基于组件GIS的义马市水环境信息管理系统研究
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摘要
采用地理信息技术对河南省义马市水环境信息进行科学、高效的管理,搭建义马市水环境信息管理工作的技术支撑平台,对于及时、准确的掌握义马市水环境质量状况及变化规律,具有重要意义。本文主要以义马地区为研究对象,开展了“基于组件式GIS的义马市水环境信息管理系统”研究,做了以下方面的工作:
在国内外水环境信息管理系统研究现状和地理信息系统技术发展趋势的基础上,经分析、比较确定了系统开发目标、设计原则和总体结构,即基于组件式地理信息系统技术和数据库技术建立能实现数据共享、具有水质评价、水质预报功能的可视化的义马市水环境信息管理系统。
基于ArcSDE+SQL Server 2000技术构建了义马市水环境信息数据库,实现了海量数据的存储和有效管理,同时采用C/S模式,实现了局域网数据共享。利用面向对象的编程工具Visual Basic 6.0和组件式技术MapObjects 2.3开发的义马市水环境信息管理系统,具有信息查询浏览、数据编辑、统计汇总、系统管理、水环境评价等功能,可以直观、形象地显示义马市主要河流、地下水、重点污染企业排污口水质现状,可以方便的对数据进行编辑、统计、汇总、输出。系统具有信息时效性,可以随时更新数据。
根据水质现状评价相关理论,将地理信息技术应用到水环境评价中,并在义马市主要河流、地下水采样点、重点污染企业排污口监测点加以应用;结合一维河流水质模型开发出的水质预测模块,可以模拟污染物在河流中的迁移,进一步预测排污口下游水质,为义马市环保部门污染防治提供决策依据。
集数据库技术、地理信息技术和水环境评价及水质数学模型于一体的水环境信息管理系统,面向水环境管理业务,能够实时、直观地对区域水环境信息进行可视化表达,并能充分发挥地理信息系统技术在空间数据分析、处理、查询和管理等方面的优势。应用本研究中的关键技术开发的系统具有界面友好、高效无缝、预报准确、功能可扩充、局域网内数据可共享等优点。
Yima City Water Environment Information Management System adopts Geographic Information Technology for the scientific and high-efficient management of water environment information in Yima City, and build up an advanced technical support platform for water environment management. It is of significance to timely and accurately master the quality of the water environment and changes laws in Yima City. This paper keeps Yima area as the main objective, and it develops the "Yima City Water Environment Information Management System based component GIS". The main job is as follows:
On the basis of the research on information management system of water environment at home and abroad, and of tendency of GIS technology development, it is determined objectives, design principles and overall structure via analysis and comparison, and sets up a visual Yima City Water Environment Information Management System with characteristics of data sharing, water quality assessment, and water quality forecasting based on component GIS and database technology.
Based on ArcSDE + SQL Server 2000 Technology it constructs Yima City Water Environment Information Database, and realizes storage and effective management of the mass data, meanwhile, it adopts C/S model to achieve data sharing within the local area network. Yima City Water Environment Information Management System developed by Visual Basic 6.0 for object-oriented programming tool and MapObjects 2.3 of component technology, this system is characterized of information browsing, data editing, statistical aggregation, system management, water environmental assessment etc., and also can be intuitively show status water quality that is supervised and monitored at sewage draining outlet of major rivers, groundwater, sewage polluting enterprises in Yima City, which have the data edit, statistics, aggregation, and output at ease. The system paces with the time, and it can update data at any time.
This paper combines the theory of current water quality assessment with geographic information technology applied to the evaluation of the water environment, and operates itself in supervision and monitoring at sewage draining outlet of major rivers, groundwater sample site, sewage polluting enterprises in Yima City. It also adopts one-dimensional water quality model for the development of water quality prediction module, simulating the pollutant transporting in rivers, further forecasting the water quality of sewage outfall forecast at downstream, which provides decision-making to Department of Environmental Protection in Yima City.
This water environment information management system integrates database technology, geographic information technology, water environment evaluation, and water quality prediction model. It faces the requirement of water environment management, timely and directly visualizes the regional water environment information, and fully reflects the advantage of GIS in the aspects of spatial data analysis, processing, query and management. The system developed by key technology in this study enjoys advantages of friendly interface, seamlessness and efficiency, accurate forecasting, expanded functions, and sharable the LAN data and so on.
在国内外水环境信息管理系统研究现状和地理信息系统技术发展趋势的基础上,经分析、比较确定了系统开发目标、设计原则和总体结构,即基于组件式地理信息系统技术和数据库技术建立能实现数据共享、具有水质评价、水质预报功能的可视化的义马市水环境信息管理系统。
基于ArcSDE+SQL Server 2000技术构建了义马市水环境信息数据库,实现了海量数据的存储和有效管理,同时采用C/S模式,实现了局域网数据共享。利用面向对象的编程工具Visual Basic 6.0和组件式技术MapObjects 2.3开发的义马市水环境信息管理系统,具有信息查询浏览、数据编辑、统计汇总、系统管理、水环境评价等功能,可以直观、形象地显示义马市主要河流、地下水、重点污染企业排污口水质现状,可以方便的对数据进行编辑、统计、汇总、输出。系统具有信息时效性,可以随时更新数据。
根据水质现状评价相关理论,将地理信息技术应用到水环境评价中,并在义马市主要河流、地下水采样点、重点污染企业排污口监测点加以应用;结合一维河流水质模型开发出的水质预测模块,可以模拟污染物在河流中的迁移,进一步预测排污口下游水质,为义马市环保部门污染防治提供决策依据。
集数据库技术、地理信息技术和水环境评价及水质数学模型于一体的水环境信息管理系统,面向水环境管理业务,能够实时、直观地对区域水环境信息进行可视化表达,并能充分发挥地理信息系统技术在空间数据分析、处理、查询和管理等方面的优势。应用本研究中的关键技术开发的系统具有界面友好、高效无缝、预报准确、功能可扩充、局域网内数据可共享等优点。
Yima City Water Environment Information Management System adopts Geographic Information Technology for the scientific and high-efficient management of water environment information in Yima City, and build up an advanced technical support platform for water environment management. It is of significance to timely and accurately master the quality of the water environment and changes laws in Yima City. This paper keeps Yima area as the main objective, and it develops the "Yima City Water Environment Information Management System based component GIS". The main job is as follows:
On the basis of the research on information management system of water environment at home and abroad, and of tendency of GIS technology development, it is determined objectives, design principles and overall structure via analysis and comparison, and sets up a visual Yima City Water Environment Information Management System with characteristics of data sharing, water quality assessment, and water quality forecasting based on component GIS and database technology.
Based on ArcSDE + SQL Server 2000 Technology it constructs Yima City Water Environment Information Database, and realizes storage and effective management of the mass data, meanwhile, it adopts C/S model to achieve data sharing within the local area network. Yima City Water Environment Information Management System developed by Visual Basic 6.0 for object-oriented programming tool and MapObjects 2.3 of component technology, this system is characterized of information browsing, data editing, statistical aggregation, system management, water environmental assessment etc., and also can be intuitively show status water quality that is supervised and monitored at sewage draining outlet of major rivers, groundwater, sewage polluting enterprises in Yima City, which have the data edit, statistics, aggregation, and output at ease. The system paces with the time, and it can update data at any time.
This paper combines the theory of current water quality assessment with geographic information technology applied to the evaluation of the water environment, and operates itself in supervision and monitoring at sewage draining outlet of major rivers, groundwater sample site, sewage polluting enterprises in Yima City. It also adopts one-dimensional water quality model for the development of water quality prediction module, simulating the pollutant transporting in rivers, further forecasting the water quality of sewage outfall forecast at downstream, which provides decision-making to Department of Environmental Protection in Yima City.
This water environment information management system integrates database technology, geographic information technology, water environment evaluation, and water quality prediction model. It faces the requirement of water environment management, timely and directly visualizes the regional water environment information, and fully reflects the advantage of GIS in the aspects of spatial data analysis, processing, query and management. The system developed by key technology in this study enjoys advantages of friendly interface, seamlessness and efficiency, accurate forecasting, expanded functions, and sharable the LAN data and so on.
引文
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[4]常显波.刘举等.农业环境信息系统的设计研究[J].安徽农业科学 2006,4(1):176-177.
[5]刘刚.法国水环境管理体制初探[J].治淮,2002,8.
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[7]Gye Woon Choi,Shang Jin Alan.韩国水资源与水环境管理总体计划[J].水利水电技术2003,34(1).
[8]Hom C R,Crayman W H,Water-Quality Modeling with EPA Reach File System.[J].Water Resource Ping and Mgmt 1991,(2):262-274.
[9]Jameison D G.,Fedra K.The 'WaterWare' Decision-Support System for River-Basin Planning.1.Conceptual Design[J].Journal of Hydrology 1996,(177):163-175.
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[11]Cinderbu,Steve.Geographic Information Systems(GIS) for Participation:the Future of Environmental GIS[J].International Journal of Environment and Pollution 1993,(3):304-315.
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[13]Amor V.M.Ines,Ashim Das GuPta,Rainer Loo.Application of GIS and Crop Growth Models in Estimating Water Productivity[J].Agricultural Water Management 2002,54(3):205-225.
[14]Jin-Yong Choi,Bernard A.Engel.Real Time Watershed Delineation System Using Web-GIS[J].Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering 2003,17(3).
[15]S.J.Bhuyan,L.Mazren,J.K.Koelliker,J.A.Harrington,Jr.,P.L.Banres.Assessment of Runoff and Sediment Yield Using Remote Sensing GIS and AGNPS[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 2002,57(6).
[16]Jameison D G.,Fedra K.The 'WaterWare' Decision-Support System for River-Basin Planning.1.Conceptual Design[J].Journal of Hydrology 1996,(177):199-211.
[17]Jerry Laveek.BASINS-A GIS-Based Tool for Watershed Characterization and Modeling.Pre-conference Workshop of International Conference on Modeling Geographical and Environmental System with GIS[M].Hong Kong 1998.
[18]Voinov.A,Costanza R.Watershed Management and the Web[J].Journal of Environmental Management 1999,56(4):23-245.
[19]ESRI ArcGIS 9 Understanding ArcSDE[Z].ESRI Press 2004.
[20]汤建中,宋韬江,心英等.城市河流污染治理的国际经验[J].世界地理研究1998,7(2):114-119.
[21]李旭祥.GIS在环境科学与工程中的应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社 2003.
[22]彭盛华,赵俊琳,袁弘任.GIS技术在水资源和水环境领域中的应用[J].水科学进展2001,12(2):264-269.
[23]肖青,马蔚纯,张超.基于ArcView的空间型苏州河环境信息系统原型研究[J].环境科学 研究 1998,12(2).
[24]孙启宏等.利用动态分段技术进行河流一维水质扩散模拟研究[M].中国地理信息系统协会第三界年会论文集 1997.
[25]曹炳媛,赫明林等.GIS在地下水资源评价中的应用——以河西走廊黑河中游为例[J].水文地质工程地质 2007,(5):85-89.
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